Directorate for Engineering (ENG) Engineering at the ...

National Science FoundationDirectorate for Engineering (ENG)

Bala BalaguruProgram Director

CMMI ENG

March 19-20, 2007

www.nsf.gov

Engineering at the National Science Foundation


Current Programs / Future DirectionsENG Overview• Mission and Vision• Current Organization

ENG Divisions• Organization• Priorities• Nuggets

ENG Priorities• National Priorities• Frontier Areas• Unique Programs


ENG Overview


NSF Directorate for EngineeringMission/Vision

• Mission: To enable the engineering and scientific communities to advance the frontiers of engineering research, innovation and education, in service to society and the nation.

• Vision: ENG will be the global leader in advancing the frontiers of fundamental engineering research, stimulating innovation, and substantially strengthening engineering education.


ENG Divisions


(EFRI)Emerging Frontiers in

Research and Innovation

Sohi Rastegar

Chemical, Bioengineering,Environmental, And Transport

Systems(CBET)

Judy Raper

Civil, Mechanical, and Manufacturing

Innovation(CMMI)

Adnan Akay

Electrical, Communications

and Cyber Systems(ECCS)

Usha Varshney

EngineeringEducation and

Centers(EEC)

Allen Soyster

IndustrialInnovation andPartnerships

(IIP)Kesh Narayanan

Directorate for Engineering(OAD)

Assistant DirectorRichard Buckius

Deputy Assistant DirectorMichael Reischman

(OAD)Assistant DirectorRichard Buckius

Deputy Assistant DirectorMichael Reischman

Senior AdvisorNanotechnology

Mihail Roco

Senior AdvisorNanotechnology

Mihail Roco


EFRI Office• Support higher risk, higher payoff opportunities

leading to: – new research areas for NSF, ENG, and other

agencies – new industries or capabilities that result in a

leadership position– significant progress on advancing the “cutting

edge” or a grand challenge • Successful topics would likely require:

– small- to medium-sized interdisciplinary teams with significant funding

– the necessary time to demonstrate substantial progress and evidence for follow-on funding through other established mechanisms

• The recommended investment range from $3 million, with a time frame of 3 years, but can be up to 5 years


Chemical, Biochemical, and

Biotechnology Systems



Biomedical Engineering and

EngineeringHealthcare



Transport andThermal Fluid

Systems


Systems

EnvironmentalEngineering and

Sustainability


Sustainability

CBETDivision Director

Deputy Division Director

CBETDivision Director


Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems

Senior AdvisorSenior AdvisorSenior AdvisorSenior Advisor


EngineeringInfrastructure

Systems


SystemsInnovation Sciences

and DecisionEngineering

Innovation Sciencesand DecisionEngineering

CMMIDivision Director


CMMIDivision Director


Materials Transformation and Mechanics


Civil, Mechanical, and Manufacturing Innovation

Engineering AdvisorEngineering Advisor


Electronics, Photonics and

Device Technologies


Device Technologies

Power,Controls and

Adaptive Networks

Power,Controls and

Adaptive Networks

Integrative, Hybridand Complex

Systems


Systems

ECCSDivision Director


ECCSDivision Director

Deputy Division Director Senior AdvisorSenior Advisor

Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems


Deputy Division DirectorCenters

Deputy Division DirectorCenters

Deputy Division DirectorEducation

Deputy Division DirectorEducation

ResearchExperience

For Teachers

ResearchExperience

For Teachers

Research Experience for

Undergraduates


Undergraduates

EECDivision Director

EECDivision Director

Engineering ResearchCenters

Engineering ResearchCenters

EarthquakeEngineering

Centers


Centers

Network forComputational

Nanotechnology

Network forComputational

Nanotechnology

NanoscaleScience andEngineering

Centers

NanoscaleScience andEngineering

Centers

Engineering Education


Engineering Education and Centers


Industry UniversityCooperative

Research Centers


Research CentersPartnerships for Innovation Partnerships for Innovation

Grants Opportunitiesfor AcademicLiaison With

Industry


Industry

Office of IndustrialInnovation


Small BusinessInnovationResearch


Small BusinessTechnology

Transfer


Transfer

IIPDivision Director

IIPDivision Director

Industrial Innovation and Partnerships

Senior AdvisorSenior Advisor











Systems


Systems

Process and Reaction

Engineering

Process and Reaction

Engineering

Catalysis andBiocatalysis

Catalysis andBiocatalysis

Biochemical Engineering

Biochemical Engineering


Sustainability


Sustainability

Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems

BiotechnologyBiotechnology

Chemical andBiological

Separations

Chemical andBiological

Separations

Thermal TransportProcesses

Thermal TransportProcesses

InterfacialProcesses and

Thermodynamics

InterfacialProcesses and

Thermodynamics

Particulate andMultiphase Processes

Particulate andMultiphase Processes

Fluid Dynamics

Fluid Dynamics

Combustion,Fire, and

Plasma Systems

Combustion,Fire, and

Plasma Systems

Research to Aid Persons

With Disabilities

Research to Aid Persons

With Disabilities

Biomedical EngineeringBiomedical Engineering

BiophotonicsBiophotonics

EnvironmentalEngineering

EnvironmentalEngineering

EnvironmentalTechnology

EnvironmentalTechnology

Energy forSustainability

Energy forSustainability

EnvironmentalSustainability

EnvironmentalSustainability

Division DirectorDivision Director


Civil, Mechanical, and Manufacturing Innovation


Systems


Systems




Information Technology and

Infrastructure Systems

Information Technology and

Infrastructure Systems

Geoenvironmentaland Geohazard

Mitigation

Geoenvironmentaland Geohazard

Mitigation

Manufacturing Machines and

Equipment

Manufacturing Machines and

Equipment

Structural Systems and Hazard Mitigation

of Structures

Structural Systems and Hazard Mitigation

of Structures

Infrastructure Systems Management and Hazard Response

Infrastructure Systems Management and Hazard Response

Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation

Research

Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation

Research

Control SystemsControl Systems

Dynamic SystemsDynamic Systems

Engineering DesignEngineering Design

Manufacturing Enterprise Systems

Manufacturing Enterprise Systems

Operations ResearchOperations Research

Service EnterpriseEngineering

Service EnterpriseEngineering

Sensor Innovationand Systems

Sensor Innovationand Systems

Geomaterials and Geotechnical

Systems

Geomaterials and Geotechnical

Systems

Infrastructure Material and

Structural Mechanics

Infrastructure Material and

Structural Mechanics

Materials Processing and Manufacturing

Materials Processing and Manufacturing

Mechanics and Structures of Materials

Mechanics and Structures of Materials

Nano/Bio MechanicsNano/Bio Mechanics



NanoManufacturingNanoManufacturing



Device Technologies


Device Technologies

Power,Controls and

Adaptive Networks

Power,Controls and

Adaptive Networks


Systems


Systems

Topics

• Micro / Nanoelectronics• Molecular Electronics• Flexible Electronics• Spin Electronics • Bioelectronics• Micromagnetics• Optoelectronics• Sensors and Actuators• MEMS/NEMS• Power Electronics• Microwave Photonics

Topics

• Micro / Nanoelectronics• Molecular Electronics• Flexible Electronics• Spin Electronics • Bioelectronics• Micromagnetics• Optoelectronics• Sensors and Actuators• MEMS/NEMS• Power Electronics• Microwave Photonics

Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems

Topics

• System-on-a-chip• System-in-a-package• Diagnostic and Implantable Systems

• Organic and Silicon-based Hybrid Systems

• Optical, Wireless and Hybrid Communications Systems

• Cyberengineering Systems

Topics

• System-on-a-chip• System-in-a-package• Diagnostic and Implantable Systems

• Organic and Silicon-based Hybrid Systems

• Optical, Wireless and Hybrid Communications Systems

• Cyberengineering Systems

Topics

• Embedded, Distributed and Adaptive Control

• Telerobotics• Power and Energy Networks• Sensing and Imaging

Networks• Quantum Modeling and

Simulation of Devices and Systems

• Adaptive Dynamic Programming

Topics

• Embedded, Distributed and Adaptive Control

• Telerobotics• Power and Energy Networks• Sensing and Imaging

Networks• Quantum Modeling and

Simulation of Devices and Systems

• Adaptive Dynamic Programming



Engineering Education and Centers

EngineeringCenters

EngineeringCenters



ResearchExperience

For Teachers

ResearchExperience

For Teachers


Undergraduates


Undergraduates


Bioengineering (6)

Bioengineering (6)

Manufacturing and Processing

(5)

Manufacturing and Processing

(5)


(3)


(3)

Microelectronics Systems andInformation

Technology (8)

Microelectronics Systems andInformation

Technology (8)

Engineering Education Program

Engineering Education Program

NanotechnologyUndergraduate

Education

NanotechnologyUndergraduate

Education

NanoscaleScience

and Engineering(7)

NanoscaleScience

and Engineering(7)

InternationalResearch

and Educationin Engineering

InternationalResearch

and Educationin Engineering



Research Centers


Research Centers

Partnerships for InnovationPartnerships for Innovation


Industry


Industry







Transfer


Transfer


• Advanced Electronics (4)• Advanced Manufacturing (3)• Advanced Materials (7)• Biotechnology (4)• Civil Infrastructure Systems (3)• Energy and the Environment (5)• Fabrication and Processing

Technology (7)• Health and Safety (4)• Information and Communications (6)• Quality, Reliability and

Maintenance (2)• System Design and Simulation (1)

• Advanced Electronics (4)• Advanced Manufacturing (3)• Advanced Materials (7)• Biotechnology (4)• Civil Infrastructure Systems (3)• Energy and the Environment (5)• Fabrication and Processing

Technology (7)• Health and Safety (4)• Information and Communications (6)• Quality, Reliability and

Maintenance (2)• System Design and Simulation (1)

• Advanced Materials andManufacturing

• Biotechnology• Chemical Technology• Electronics• Information Technology• Special Topics

• Advanced Materials andManufacturing

• Biotechnology• Chemical Technology• Electronics• Information Technology• Special Topics


CBET: Nuggets and Discoveries

Carbon nanotubes are yielding a new class of biological sensors. This glass capillary tube, shown here on a fingertip, has been loaded with glucose-sensitive nanotubes. The capillary tube keeps the nanotubes confined, but has porous walls so that glucose molecules can get to them.

Credit: Michael S. Strano, a professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Engineers envision an entire array of

nanowires connected to a catheter, which could be guided through the circulatory system to the brain. Once there, the nanowires would branch out into tinier and tinier blood vessels until they reached specific locations. Each nanowire would then be used to record the electrical activity of a single nerve cells, or small groups of nerve cells.

Credit: Zina Deretsky, National Science Foundation, Rodolfo R. Llinás, New York University School of Medicine


CBET: Nuggets and Discoveries

By harnessing the activity of billions of bacteria, researchers have engineered a bio-filtration system that produces hydrogen gas while cleaning wastewater.

Hong Liu and Bruce Logan of Penn State University and Stephen Grot of Ion Power, Inc.

Researchers at Cornell, MIT and the Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands have developed a new breed of powered, energy efficient, two-legged robots with a human gait. The engineers have crafted robots that can walk on level ground, in some cases using as little as one-half the wattage of a standard compact fluorescent light bulb.

Credit: NSF. Andy Ruina, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell


CMMI: Nuggets and Discoveries

Engineers have developed an automated home building technique that will make it possible to build a house from foundation to roof in less than 24 hours. "Automated Construction by Contour Crafting" consists of robots that deliver concrete through a jet.

Credit: Dr. Behrokh Khoshnevis of the University of Southern California

Shoebox-sized robots were deployed in rescue effort at “Ground Zero.” Graduate students and the experimental robots they helped to develop were among the early responders who joined the search and rescue efforts shortly after the Sept. 11 collapse of the World Trade Center towers.

One of the search and rescue robots.Credit: Robin Murphy, associate professor of computer science, University of South Florida


CMMI: Nuggets and Discoveries

A new study of American National Standards suggests some of the lead creeping into tap water in metropolitan areas may be trace to valves and other components--not just pipes further from the home.

Credit: Marc Edwards, Civil & Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech

Using some of the same manufacturing techniques that produce microchips, researchers have created a porous-silicon diode that may lead to improved betavoltaics. Such devices convert low levels of radiation into electricity and can have useful lives spanning several decades.

Credit: Wei Sun, University of Rochester; BetaBatt, Inc.

National Science FoundationDirectorate for Engineering (ENG) NEES Shared Use

Infrastructure[Operated by NEES Consortium, Inc.]

NEESit: San Diego

Supercomputer Center @ UCSD


Outdoor Shake Table 7-Story Test Structure

Platen 12.20 m x 7.6 m Max stroke 1.5 m Max velocity 1.8 m/sec Laminar soil box Two adjacent refillable soil pits

7-story reinforced concrete building test at UCSD NEES outdoor shake table showed that a structural wall with half the amount of reinforcing steel required by most

building codes, but with more optimal layout, can better resist seismic loads. (Test funded by industry

consortium)


ECCS: Nuggets and Discoveries

Breakthrough brings laser light to new regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. A "waveguide" coaxes extreme-ultraviolet light waves into forming a tightly focused laser-like beam that will allow researchers to "see" tiny features and carve miniature patterns.

Credit: Henry Kapteyn and Margaret Murnane, University of Colorado and the National Science Foundation

Plasma engineering and brain-like control could increase aircraft speed, perhaps so much that we could reach earth orbit at the cost of an airplane ticket.

A side view of the new design Credit: Ramon Chase, ANSER


EEC: Nuggets and DiscoveriesA Madison Dynamo Experiment points the way to understanding Earth’s core. In the full experiment, the one-meter wide, stainless steel shell is filled with molten sodium metal. (The prototype used water.) The metal is stirred so that its motions simulate the Earth’s magnetic field-generating dynamos.

University of Wisconsin physicist Cary Forest

Experiment uses biomolecules to write on a gold substrate. Duke University's Ashutosh Chilkoti explains how a nanoscale "pen" laid down thin trails of enzyme "ink," which then carved out the 400-nanometer-wide channels shown in the background.Credit: Duke University photo by Jim Wallace


ENG Priorities


ENG Aligns With National R&D Priorities1. Homeland Security R&D: Research on

sensors could raise the alarm at the first sign of chemical and biological attacks. Also, clusters of "smart" sensors could be scattered across a stretch of hostile territory to monitor traffic and troop movements.

2. High-end Computing: ENG supports the development of high-end computers, including efforts in the Control, Networks and Computational Intelligence program, which centers on the analysis and design of intelligent engineering networks for control, communications, computation and energy.

Image of the Schottky diode sensor. Courtesy of the University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Chemical Engineering.

Neural Network Learning on a chip. Chris Diorio,University of Washington and Impinj Inc.


ENG Aligns With National R&D Priorities3. National Nanotechnology Initiative: NSF

leads the U.S. nanotechnology research effort, and the NSF Engineering Directorate is the focal point within NSF for this critical national research endeavor.

4. Energy and the Environment:ENG funds research in Environmental Engineering and Technology, including a focus on hydrogen fuel cell research.

5. Understanding Complex Biological Systems: ENG supports a wide range of programs that shed new light on complex biological systems, including interagency metabolic engineering research.

Penn State microdisplacement print process for nanofabrication

Univ. South Carolina Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

Nanomix carbon nanotubes for respiration monitoring.


ENG Frontier Research Areas

1. Biology in Engineering: Gene therapy, neural implant acceptance, nanobioelectronics, energy and the environment, etc.

Photoactivated Coupling of Nanoparticle Multilayers and Nerve Cells

Nanoscale composites are a tremendously abundant resource for new functionalities in biomaterials. A team of material chemists and physicists at Oklahoma State University and neurophysiologists and bioengineers at the University of Texas Medical Branch successfully interfaced neurons and nanoparticle film and observed ion/electron communication between them. This research will play a key role in the successful application of neuro-prosthetic devices.

Credit Bruce Logan,Pennsylvania State University



2. Complexity in Engineered and Natural Systems: neurons in the human brain, economic markets, power grid, etc.

Fire Phenomena

An advanced simulation is now better able to predict the complex interactions of how water mists and sprays suppress large-scale fires. This work will point the way to better fire suppression techniques to protect both our natural resources and infrastructure.

Credit: Paul DesJardinSUNY at Buffalo



3. Critical Infrastructure Systems: Agriculture and food, water, public health, emergency services, etc.NEES: George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation

The NEES infrastructure (experimental facilities and cyberinfrastructure) facilitates a variety of innovative experimental approaches that will lead to a better understanding of how the built environment. NEES can also enrich lessons for K-12 students and teachers by making them “virtual partners” in the process of experimental discovery and analysis.



4. Manufacturing Frontiers: New materials and zero waste use, nano and nano-bio manufacturing, convergence of bio-engineered discoveries and manufacturing innovations, etc.

Rapid Prototyping for Semiconductor Manufacturing Process Simulation

A new process developed at the University of Maryland uses complicated nonlinear models to predict poorly understood reactions. New methods predict the process parameters in Semiconductor Manufacturing, which will yield an order-of-magnitude improvement in computational efficiency in process manufacturing.

Credit: Raymond AdomaitisUniv. of Maryland


ENG Frontier Research Areas5. New Frontiers in Nanotechnology: Nano and Nano-bio

manufacturing, nanoelectronics, etc.

Researchers Carve with Electricity at the Nanometer Scale

Researchers from the University of Arkansas, by applying electric current through a thin film of oil molecules, have developed a new method to precisely carve arrays of tiny holes only 10 nanometers wide into sheets of gold. The new system, called Electric Pen Lithography (EPL), uses a scanning-tunneling microscope, fitted with a tip sharpened to the size of a single atom, to deliver the charge through the dielectric oil to the target surface.

Ajay Malshe (Principal Investigator) University of Arkansas


ENG Unique Programs

• Engineering Research Centers• Nanoscale Science and Engineering• Industrial Innovation and partnerships: Small

Business Innovation Research & Small Business Technology Transfer

• Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation


EEC Centers

• EEC's centers promote partnerships among researchers in different disciplines and between industry and universities.

• They focus on integrated engineered systems and produce technological innovations that strengthen the competitive position of industry.

• Engineering Research Centers (NSF 04-570)• Industry/University Cooperative Research

Centers (NSF 01-116)


Nanoscale Science and Engineering

• Support fundamental research and catalyze research and education in emerging areas of nanoscale science and technology.

• Includes biosystems at the nanoscale; nanoscale structures, novel phenomena, and quantum control; nanoscale devices and system architecture; nanoscale processes in the environment; multi-scale, multi-phenomena theory, and studies on the societal and educational implications of scientific and technological advances on the nanoscale.

• Supports Nanoscale Interdisciplinary Research Teams (NIRT), Nanoscale Exploratory Research (NER), and Nanoscale Science and Engineering Centers (NSEC)



• Through the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) Programs, NSF supports important scientific, engineering, or science/engineering education problems and opportunities that could lead to significant commercial and public benefit.

• STTR requires researchers at universities and other research institutions to play a significant intellectual role in the conduct of each STTR project. These university-based researchers, by joining forces with a small company, can spin-off their commercially promising ideas while they remain primarily employed at the research institution.


ENG ThemesComplex Engineered and Natural Systems

• Addresses unifying principles that enable modeling, prediction, and control of emergent behavior in complex systems ranging from critical infrastructure to the intersection of the life sciences and bioengineering.

• Includes critical infrastructure systems, such as the power grid, communications infrastructure, and health care; and bioengineering systems, such as molecular biomachines and biomimeticdevices, the brain-computer interface, and new biophotonicsimaging methods.

BION2 Bidirectional Interface System

StimulationEMG Sensing


ENG ThemesEnergy and the Environment

• Environmentally and economically sustainable energy is among the most pressing concerns for this nation and the world.

• A new ENG program on Energy for Sustainability will be initiated in FY 2007.

• ENG’s investments will directly impact national research goals: – Use of hydrogen, nuclear, and solar energy through

basic research in materials; and– Research critical to nanotechnology, biotechnology,

alternative energy, and the hydrogen economy through essential infrastructure.


ENG Themes Innovation

• What are the basic theories of innovation? Can innovation be taught? What are the elements that need to be integrated into engineering education to drive the nation’s innovation engine?

• Innovation is a principal objective of engineering research and pervasive in ENG investments. ENG is uniquely able to integrate research, education, and innovation through existing programs:– SBIR/STTR– GOALI– I/UCRC, and – PFI.


ENG ThemesManufacturing Frontiers

• Multiscale manufacturing – from fundamental metrology through atomic-scale control of raw materials – is needed.

• Innovation through manufacturing –especially nanomanufacturing – will ensure U.S. competitiveness.

• ENG’s investments in manufacturing frontiers will directly impact the following national research goals: – World-class capability in nanofabrication and

nanomanufacturing; and– Improved sensor and detection capabilities resulting

in world-leading automation and control technologies.


ENG ThemesNanotechnology

• NSF is the lead institution in this nation’s efforts to develop nanotechnology from a nascent field to a truly path-breaking innovation.

• Capabilities in nanotechnology are leading to active and complex nanosystems; and the integration with biology, neurology, energy, and water resources.

• Fundamental need for tools to move into the 3rd dimension, and into time resolutions of chemical reactions.


ENG Budget HistoryDollars in Millions

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$100$150$200$250$300$350$400$450$500$550$600$650$700

FY 2003 FY 2004 FY 2005 FY 2006(Estimate)

FY 2007(Estimate)

ENG SBIR/STTR


Research CollaborationsPercent of Single PI vs. Multiple Investigator Awards

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ENG Proposals ENG Awards ENG Funding Rate NSF Funding Rate


NSF Program Emphasis in FY 2007Increased investments will be dedicated to research and education on:• Increased focus on complex large nanosystems. Research on nanoscale

devices and system architecture, dynamic and emerging behavior, and their respective fabrication, will be emphasized

• Increased focused on three-dimensional measurements of domains of engineering relevance with good time resolution

• Converging science, engineering and technology from the nanoscale, by integrating nanosystems into applications (in manufacturing, information systems, medicine, environment, etc.)

• Expanded joint research program addressing potential implications of nanotechnology with NIOSH, EPA and FDA, USDA and NIST

• Earlier educational programs and teaching materials, including for K-12, by using remote access to NSF educational networks (NU, NISE, NNIN)

• Expand partnerships of academic researchers with industry, medical facilities and states through two programs (GOALI, PFI), using the CBAN (Collaborative Board for Advancing Nanotechnology)

MC Roco, 9/09/06

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