DIRECTIVES DIRECTIVES 83/477/EEC, 91/382/EEC83/477/EEC, 91/382/EEC and 2003/18/ECand 2003/18/EC

83/477/EEC83/477/EECPROTECTION OF WORKERS FROM

THE RISKS RELATED TO THE EXPOSURE TO ASBESTOS AT WORK

91/382/EEC91/382/EEC•Limit value

•Restrictions

•Prohibition of spraying

2003/18/EC2003/18/EC •Limitation of activities

•Limit value

•Analythical Method

SCOPESCOPE

Protection of workers of risks from Protection of workers of risks from exposure to asbestos at workexposure to asbestos at work

It doesn’t apply to:It doesn’t apply to:

Sea transportSea transportAir transport Air transport

DIRECTIVE 2003/18/CE

ASBESTOSASBESTOS

Asbestos is a fibrous silicate which includes two Asbestos is a fibrous silicate which includes two main types:main types:

Serpentine Amphibole

For the purposes of the Directives “Asbestos” For the purposes of the Directives “Asbestos” includes the following:includes the following:

ActinoliteActinolite

AmositeAmosite

ChrysotileChrysotile

CrocidoliteCrocidolite

AnthophylliteAnthophyllite

TremoliteTremolite

ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT

If the activity implies a risk of exposure of If the activity implies a risk of exposure of dust arising from asbestos (or materials dust arising from asbestos (or materials which contain it), the risk must be which contain it), the risk must be assessed.assessed.

2003/18/EC2003/18/EC

Concentration of asbestos fibres (fibre/cmConcentration of asbestos fibres (fibre/cm33))

Limit Value Limit Value eight-hour eight-hour time-weighted average time-weighted average (TWA)(TWA) 0,10,1

83/477/EEC83/477/EEC

Concentration of asbestos fibres (fibre/cmConcentration of asbestos fibres (fibre/cm33))

83/477/EEC83/477/EEC Asbestos non Asbestos non crocidolite crocidolite CrocidoliteCrocidolite

Mixture Mixture crocidolite/other crocidolite/other fibres)fibres)

Limit Value Limit Value (Eight-hour (Eight-hour reference period)reference period)

1,00 1,00 0,50 0,50 Calculated Calculated proportionally proportionally

91/382/EEC91/382/EEC

Concentration of asbestos fibres (fibre/cmConcentration of asbestos fibres (fibre/cm33))

91/382/EEC91/382/EEC ChrysotileChrysotileOther fibres including Other fibres including mixtures (containing or mixtures (containing or not chrysotile)not chrysotile)

Limit Value (Eight-Limit Value (Eight-hour reference hour reference periodperiod))

0,600,60 0,300,30

NOTIFICATIONNOTIFICATIONActivities in which workers are or may be exposed to asbestos, Activities in which workers are or may be exposed to asbestos, must be covered by a notification system administered by the must be covered by a notification system administered by the responsible authority of the member state, the notification must responsible authority of the member state, the notification must be submitted before the works begins and include:be submitted before the works begins and include:

the the locationlocation of the work site, of the work site,the the typetype and and quantitiesquantities of asbestos used or handled, of asbestos used or handled,the the activitiesactivities and and processesprocesses involved, involved,the the number of workersnumber of workers involved, involved,the the startingstarting date and date and durationduration of the work, of the work,measuresmeasures taken to limit the exposure of workers to asbestos.taken to limit the exposure of workers to asbestos.

If there is any change likely to result in an increase of exposure, If there is any change likely to result in an increase of exposure, a new notification must be submitted.a new notification must be submitted.

RETRICTIONSRETRICTIONSIn certain conditions the following articles shall not In certain conditions the following articles shall not apply:apply:

Art. 4 (Notification)Art. 4 (Notification)Art. 15 (Clinical surveillance)Art. 15 (Clinical surveillance)Art. 16 (Register of workers)Art. 16 (Register of workers)

These restrictions have been changed, from the These restrictions have been changed, from the Directive 83/ 477/EECDirective 83/ 477/EEC

83/477/EEC83/477/EEC

Concentration of asbestos fibres, in absence Concentration of asbestos fibres, in absence of any individual protective equipment (for an of any individual protective equipment (for an 8 hour reference period) lower than:8 hour reference period) lower than:

0,25 fibre/cm0,25 fibre/cm33

A cumulative dose of 15 fibre-days per cmA cumulative dose of 15 fibre-days per cm3 3 over 3 over 3 monthsmonths

91/382/EEC91/382/EEC91/382/EEC91/382/EEC ForFor

chrysotilechrysotileOther forms including Other forms including mixtures (containing or mixtures (containing or not chrysotile)not chrysotile)

Eight-hour Eight-hour reference periodreference period

0,200,20 0,100,10

Cumulative dose Cumulative dose (fibre-days) over a (fibre-days) over a three month three month periodperiod

12,0012,00 6,006,00

2003/18/EC2003/18/EC

When exposure is When exposure is sporadicsporadic and of and of low intensitylow intensity, , and it is clear that the exposure limit for asbestos will and it is clear that the exposure limit for asbestos will not be exceeded in the air of the working area, in:not be exceeded in the air of the working area, in:

short, non-continuous maintenance activities in which only short, non-continuous maintenance activities in which only non-non-friablefriable materials are handled, materials are handled,removal without deterioration of non-degraded materials in removal without deterioration of non-degraded materials in which the asbestos fibres are firmly linked in a matrix,which the asbestos fibres are firmly linked in a matrix,encapsulation or sealing of asbestos-containing materials which encapsulation or sealing of asbestos-containing materials which are in good condition,are in good condition,air monitoring and control, and the collection of samples to air monitoring and control, and the collection of samples to ascertain whether a specific material contains asbestos.ascertain whether a specific material contains asbestos.

PROHIBITIONSPROHIBITIONSThe application of asbestos by means of the spraying process and The application of asbestos by means of the spraying process and working procedures that involves low density (less than 1g/cmworking procedures that involves low density (less than 1g/cm33))

Activities which expose workers to asbestos fibres during:Activities which expose workers to asbestos fibres during:

the the extractionextraction of asbestos (mining) of asbestos (mining) the the manufacturemanufacture and and processingprocessing of asbestos products or products of asbestos products or products containing intentionally added asbestos containing intentionally added asbestos

EXCEPT EXCEPT thethe abatement and disposal of products abatement and disposal of products resulting from demolition and asbestos removal.resulting from demolition and asbestos removal.

MEASURES TO MINIMIZE MEASURES TO MINIMIZE EXPOSITIONEXPOSITION

Limitation of the number of workers exposed to minimal Limitation of the number of workers exposed to minimal Work processed designed to avoid the production of dust, or if Work processed designed to avoid the production of dust, or if that proves imposible, to avoid the release of dustthat proves imposible, to avoid the release of dustCleaning and maintenanceCleaning and maintenanceAsbestos material must be stored and transported in suitable Asbestos material must be stored and transported in suitable sealed packingsealed packingWaste must be collected and removed from the workplace as Waste must be collected and removed from the workplace as soon as possible in suitable sealed packing with labels soon as possible in suitable sealed packing with labels indicating that it contains asbestos.indicating that it contains asbestos.

CONTROL OF EXPOSURECONTROL OF EXPOSURERegular measurement of asbestos fibres in airRegular measurement of asbestos fibres in air

Representative samplingRepresentative sampling

Sampling after consultation of the workers and/or their Sampling after consultation of the workers and/or their representativesrepresentatives

Sampling carried out by suitably qualified personnelSampling carried out by suitably qualified personnel

Fibre counting shall be wherever possible by PCM (phase-Fibre counting shall be wherever possible by PCM (phase-contrast microscope) in accordance with the 1997 WHO (World contrast microscope) in accordance with the 1997 WHO (World Health Organisation) recommended method or any other Health Organisation) recommended method or any other method giving equivalent resultsmethod giving equivalent results

EXCEEDING LIMIT VALUESEXCEEDING LIMIT VALUESIdentification of reasons and remedy of the situationIdentification of reasons and remedy of the situation

Suspension of works until adecuate protection Suspension of works until adecuate protection measurements are takenmeasurements are taken

Checking the effectivity of measures takenChecking the effectivity of measures taken

Invividual respiratory protective equipment if the Invividual respiratory protective equipment if the exposure cannot be reduced by other meansexposure cannot be reduced by other means

DEMOLITION MAINTENANCE/ DEMOLITION MAINTENANCE/ WORKWORK

Identification of presumed asbestos-containing materials.Identification of presumed asbestos-containing materials.

If there is any doubt the applicable provisions of the If there is any doubt the applicable provisions of the Directive shall be observedDirective shall be observed

SPECIAL ACTIVITIESSPECIAL ACTIVITIES

In case of activities in which is foreseable In case of activities in which is foreseable to exceed the limit value:to exceed the limit value:

suitable respiratory and other personal protective suitable respiratory and other personal protective equipment, which must be worn;equipment, which must be worn;warning signswarning signsthe spread of dust must be preventedthe spread of dust must be preventedconsultation to the workers and/ or their consultation to the workers and/ or their representativesrepresentatives

WORKING PLANWORKING PLANIt’s mandatory in works of It’s mandatory in works of demolitiondemolition or or removingremoving of of asbestos, from buildings, structures, plants, installations asbestos, from buildings, structures, plants, installations or ships. It has to specify:or ships. It has to specify:

Removing of asbestos before demolition Removing of asbestos before demolition Provision of personal protective equipment, if necessaryProvision of personal protective equipment, if necessaryWhen demolition or removal work is finished, the absence of When demolition or removal work is finished, the absence of asbestos exposure risk asbestos exposure risk

WORKING PLAN (II)WORKING PLAN (II)

The plan shall include information on the The plan shall include information on the following: following:

the the naturenature and probable and probable durationduration of the work, of the work, the the placeplace where the work is carried out, where the work is carried out, the the methodsmethods applied where the work involves the applied where the work involves the handling of handling of asbestosasbestos or materials containing asbestos, or materials containing asbestos, the characteristics of the equipment used for: the characteristics of the equipment used for:

protectionprotection and and decontaminationdecontamination of people carrying out the of people carrying out the work, work, protection of other personsprotection of other persons present on or near the worksite. present on or near the worksite.

TRAININGTRAINING

Regular and free for workers, and should Regular and free for workers, and should include:include:

Properties of asbestos and its health effectsProperties of asbestos and its health effectsProducts or materials likely to contain asbestosProducts or materials likely to contain asbestosRisk operations and preventive controlsRisk operations and preventive controlsSafe work practice and protective equipmentSafe work practice and protective equipmentEmergency proceduresDecontamination proceduresWaste disposalMedical examination requirements

ORGANIZATIVE MEASURESORGANIZATIVE MEASURES

Work places:Work places:Demarcated and indicated with warning signsDemarcated and indicated with warning signsOnly accessible to workers who have work or duties in thereOnly accessible to workers who have work or duties in thereNon smoking areasNon smoking areas

““Clean zones” for eating and drinkingClean zones” for eating and drinkingWorking/Protective clothesWorking/Protective clothes

Laundry by the enterpriseLaundry by the enterpriseSeparate storage places for street clothes and working Separate storage places for street clothes and working clothes clothes Washing and toilet facilities Washing and toilet facilities Maintenance of protective equipmentMaintenance of protective equipment

WORKERS INFORMATIONWORKERS INFORMATION

Potential risks to healthPotential risks to healthLimit values and the need of air monitoringLimit values and the need of air monitoringHygiene requirementsHygiene requirementsUse of protective equipment and clothingUse of protective equipment and clothingPrecautions to minimize exposure to asbestosPrecautions to minimize exposure to asbestosAccess to the results of measurementsAccess to the results of measurementsWhen limit values are exceeded, the reasons,When limit values are exceeded, the reasons, Consultation or information about the measures Consultation or information about the measures takentaken

CLINICAL SURVEILLANCECLINICAL SURVEILLANCE

Assessment of the worker’s state of health Assessment of the worker’s state of health before the beginning of exposure to asbestos.before the beginning of exposure to asbestos.New assessment of workers at least every 3 New assessment of workers at least every 3 years.years.Study of resultsStudy of resultsInformation about surveillance at the end of Information about surveillance at the end of exposureexposureThe worker and the employer may request a The worker and the employer may request a review of the assessment.review of the assessment.

REGISTER OF WORKERSREGISTER OF WORKERS

WORKER

REGISTER

• Worker/s concerned

•Nature

•Duration

EMPLOYER

Any activity aimed of the Directive

Results related personally to him

DOCTOR WORKERS/ REPRESENTATIVES

Collective information (anonymous)

KEPT FOR 40 YEARS WITH THE MEDICAL

RECORDS

REGISTER OF DISEASESREGISTER OF DISEASES

Member States shall have a register of Member States shall have a register of recognized cases of:recognized cases of:

AsbestosisAsbestosisMesotheliomaMesothelioma

ANALYTHICAL METHOD (WHO)ANALYTHICAL METHOD (WHO)

Principle of the method:Principle of the method:

Sampling of a known air volumeSampling of a known air volume

Filters are “cleared” (rended transparent)Filters are “cleared” (rended transparent)

Fibres in a measured area of the filters are Fibres in a measured area of the filters are counted using a counted using a phase-contrast optical microscopy

MATERIALMATERIAL

SamplingSampling

Sampling pumpSampling pump Filter holderFilter holder FilterFilter

CountingCounting

MicroscopeMicroscope GraticuleGraticule Stage micrometerStage micrometer Test slideTest slide

FILTER HOLDERFILTER HOLDER

Esters of cellulose

Cellulose nitrate

Base plug

Base xxx

Back-up padsMembrane filter

Cowl

End cap

End cap plug

COUNTING FIBRESCOUNTING FIBRES

The fibres counted must have the The fibres counted must have the following properties:following properties:

L>5L>5μμmmD<3 D<3 μμmmL/D>3L/D>3

WALTON BECKETT- GRATICULEWALTON BECKETT- GRATICULE

TEST SLIDETEST SLIDE

COUNTINGCOUNTING

Counting fields are choosen at random. Counting fields are choosen at random. The counting finishes:The counting finishes:

- 100 fields counted- 100 fields counted-100 fibres counted -100 fibres counted - A minimum of 20 fields must be counted- A minimum of 20 fields must be counted

CALCULATIONCALCULATION

c = concentration (fibres. ml-I)

D = diameter of the exposed filter area (mm)

N = total number of fibres counted

d = diameter of the gRaticule (pm)

n = number of graticule areas examined

v = volume of air sampled (litres)