Diplomacy Notes

8/19/2019 Diplomacy Notes

1/240

1

Diplomacy Notes:

LIBYA: History

The Libyan Civil War, also referred to as the Libyan Revolution[33] was a 2011 armed conflict in the North African country of Libya, foug

etween forces loyal to olonel !uammar "addafi and those see#ing to oust his go$ernment%[3&][3'] The war was (receded by (rotests

n )engha*i beginning on Tuesday, 1' +ebruary 2011, which led to clashes with security forces that fired on the crowd%[3] The (rotests escalat

nto a rebellion that s(read across the country ,[3-] with the forces o((osing "addafi establishing an interim go$erning body, the National

Transitional ouncil%

The .nited Nations /ecurity ouncil (assed an initial resolution on 2 +ebruary, free*ing the assets of "addafi and his inner circle and restri

heir tra$el, and referred the matter to the nternational riminal ourt for in$estigation%[3] n early !arch, "addafis forces rallied, (ushed

astwards and retoo# se$eral coastal cities before reaching )engha*i% A further .%N% resolution authorised member states to establish and en

nofly *one o$er Libya, and to use 4all necessary measures4 to (re$ent attac#s on ci$ilians%[35] The "addafi go$ernment then announced a

easefire, but failed to u(hold it,[&0] though it then accused rebels of $iolating the ceasefire when they continued to fight as well%[&1] Throughou

onflict, rebels re6ected go$ernment offers of a ceasefire and efforts by the African .nion to end the fighting because the (lans set forth did n

nclude the remo$al of "addafi%[&2]

n August, rebel forces launched an offensi$e on the go$ernmentheld coast of Libya, ta#ing bac# territory lost months before and

ltimately ca(turing the ca(ital city of Tri(oli,[&3] while "addafi e$aded ca(ture and loyalists engaged in a rearguard cam(aign%[&&] 7n 1

e(tember 2011, the National Transitional ouncil was recognised by the .nited Nations as the legal re(resentati$e of Libya, re(lacing

he "addafi go$ernment% !uammar "addafi remained at large until 20 7ctober 2011, when he was ca(tured and #illedattem(ting to esca(e

rom /irte%[&'] The National Transitional ouncil 4declared the liberation of Libya4 and the official end of the war on 23 7ctober 2011%[&]

n the aftermath of the ci$il war, a lowle$el insurgency by former "addafi loyalists continued% There ha$e been $arious disagreements and st

etween local militia and tribes, including 23 8anuary 2012 fighting in the former "addafi stronghold of )ani 9alid, leading to an alternati$e

own council being established and later recogni*ed by the NT%[&-][&] A much greater issue has been the role of militias which fought in the c

war and their role in the new Libya% /ome ha$e refused to disarm and coo(eration with the NT has been strained, leading to demonstration

gainst militias and go$ernment action to disband such grou(s or integrate them into the Libyan military%[&5]

No fly *one o$er Libya: 9hat does that mean;

• ol% !uammar "addafi is using fighter 6ets to attac# rebels and ci$ilian crowd o((osing him%

• Airattac# gi$es him tremendous ad$antage because rebels cannot fight bac#, They don o$er Libya that will mean that if any Libyan figt!"ets fly over Libyan air!space# American $ill soot it %o$n&

9hat is ndia in

a#istan%

ndia ob6ects the no fly *one also india is silent because a lot of indians are wor#ing in libya and still to be e$acuated% Also the crude is also

m(orted form that same country%

)ecause of defunct NA! and unsol$ed ?ashmir issue, "o$ernment of ndia always fears this :

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_Arab_Jamahiriyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_Arab_Jamahiriyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_Arab_Jamahiriyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-vision-34http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-vision2-35http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benghazihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benghazihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benghazihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-AmnestyRape-36http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-AmnestyRape-36http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Transitional_Councilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Transitional_Councilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Transitional_Councilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Councilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Councilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Councilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1970http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Criminal_Courthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Criminal_Courthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-autogenerated13-38http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-autogenerated13-38http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-autogenerated13-38http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benghazihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benghazihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1973http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1973http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_military_intervention_in_Libyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-39http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-39http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-40http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-41http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-42http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Libyan_rebel_coastal_offensivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tripoli_(2011)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tripoli_(2011)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-43http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-43http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-43http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-guardian-2011-08-24-44http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-guardian-2011-08-24-44http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_Arab_Jamahiriyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_Arab_Jamahiriyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Muammar_Gaddafihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Muammar_Gaddafihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirtehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirtehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirtehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-45http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-45http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-46http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_Libyan_civil_warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bani_Walidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-47http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-aljazeera2401-48http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-aljazeera2401-48http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-49http://mrunal.org/2011/03/q-no-fly-zone-over-libya-what-does-that.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_Arab_Jamahiriyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-vision-34http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-vision2-35http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benghazihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-AmnestyRape-36http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Transitional_Councilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Transitional_Councilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Councilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1970http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Criminal_Courthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-autogenerated13-38http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benghazihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1973http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_military_intervention_in_Libyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-39http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-40http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-41http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-42http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Libyan_rebel_coastal_offensivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tripoli_(2011)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-43http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-guardian-2011-08-24-44http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_Arab_Jamahiriyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Muammar_Gaddafihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirtehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-45http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-46http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_Libyan_civil_warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bani_Walidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-47http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-aljazeera2401-48http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-49http://mrunal.org/2011/03/q-no-fly-zone-over-libya-what-does-that.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war#cite_note-33


2/240

2

f we agree on any international inter$ention in any trouble area, then @a#istanis and hinese will also demand and 6ustify the international

nter$ention in ?ashmir and Arunanchal @radesh% /o better treat any troubled issue !yanmar, Bgy(t, LibyaC as their domestic(roblem, an

et $ery enthusiastic about it%

This is the same reason, why many eD(erts are and wereC afraid that ndia will ne$er be able to utili*e its non (ermanent or (ermanentC .N

ecurity council seat to (ro$ide a 9orld leadershi(% )ecause ndia always runs away from ta#ing a stand due to ?ashmir and Arunanchal @ra

7(eration /afe Eomecoming

An o(eration launched by ndia to e$acuate its nationals, who were fleeing from the 2011 Libyan u(rising

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF

trait of Eormu* G oil bloc#ade

Wat is a 'trait(

• A narrow body of water that 6oins two larger bodies of water

• /trait of Eormu* is a narrow waterway between ran and the 7man

• t lin#s the @ersian "ulf with the Arabian /ea%

• Almost 7ne third of world


3/240

3

• ran is the fourt!largest oil pro%ucer in the world

• ndia is ran so that ./A troo(s can eDit from Afghanistan (retty soon but ?rishadidn


4/240


5/240

5

ndia and !iddle Bast : @resent and +uture +oreign @olicy ndian and AH7! aribbean ommunity and ommons !ar#etC for "/ !ains @a(er ndia and A/BAN Hegional +orum AH+C for .@/ "/ !ains @a(er 2

Arab /(ring : Heasons and +uture

The massi$e (o(ular mo$ement in !iddle Bast region, #nown as =Arab /(ring>, is as significant as the fall of )erlin 9all%The common denominator is that The entire region see#s%

1% Transformation of ruling (olitical structures and (rocesses%

2% +undamental reforms in go$ernance%

3% /ocial eIuity and emanci(ation of (oor classes%

&% Jesire for better o((ortunities in education, de$elo(ment and em(loyment%

+inal conclusions

• The area will remain destabili*ed o$er a long (eriod%

• Long dis(utes o$er (olitical structures and (rocesses%

• The chances of democracy are dim

• future of transitional "o$ernment uncertain

• (ossibility of (olari*ation of religious conser$atism

• Anti./ and anti9est outloo# in the region%

• /hia/unni ri$alry will aggra$ate

• Hole of nternet and social networ#ing site will be significant%

• t will create a ri((le that will force the autocratic regimes to introduce reforms%

• The go$ernment will ha$e to focus on better go$ernance, more social, (olitical and economic de$elo(ment%

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF

ndia and "rou( of 20 "20C /ummits +%!, entral )an# "$nrs, Bm( G Labr !strsC

• "rou( of 20, An international body created in 1555

• t (ro$ides a forum for strategic economic communication between industriali*ed 1st worldC and de$elo(ing countries%3rd worldC

• 15 ountries F 1 B. 20


6/240

6

• The chair rotates annually among the members and is selected from a different regional grou(ing of countries%

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF

N7N @roliferation Treaty :

Aims at nonproliferation of the nuclear wea(ons and aimed at disarmament of wea(ons% /e(aration of the ci$il and military nuclear (rogr

nd (ut the ci$il nuclear o(erations under the direct su(er$ision of ABA for an indefinite (eriod of time%

After india


7/240


8/240

8

&% !aritime boundary north of )orneo between Sietnam, hina, Taiwan, !alaysia and )runei

'% slands in the southern reaches of the /outh hina /ea, including the /(ratly slands by Sietnam, !alaysia, The @hili((ines, Taiwan

hina

% !aritime boundary off the coast of central @hili((ines and Lu*on between the @hili((ines, hina, and Taiwan

-% slands in the northern reaches of the /outh hina /ea, including the @aracel slands between Sietnam, hina, and Taiwan

% !aritime boundary in the Lu*on /trait between the @hili((ines and Taiwan, including islands

5% The ninedash area claimed by hina which co$ers most of the /outh hina sea and o$erla(s BB of )runei, !alaysia, @hili((ine an

Sietnam

e !inistry of "eological Hesources and !ining of the @eo(les He(ublic of hina estimate that the /outh hina /ea may contain 1-%- billion

f crude oil com(ared to ?uwait with 13 billion tonsC% n the years following the announcement by the ministry, the claims regarding the /ou

hina /ea islands intensified%[3] Eowe$er, other sources claim that the (ro$en reser$e of oil in the /outh hina /ea may only be -%' billion bar

r about 1%1 billion tons%

[&]

According to the .%/% Bnergy nformation Administration BACs (rofile of the /outh hina /ea region, a .%/%"eological /ur$ey estimate (uts the regions disco$ered and undisco$ered oil reser$es at 2 billion barrels, as o((osed to a hinese figure of

illion barrels%['] The same BA re(ort also (oints to the wide $ariety of natural gas resource estimations, ranging from 500 trillion cubic feet

rillion cubic metersC to 2 Iuadrillion cubic feet '% trillion cubic metersC%

9hat is @hu ?anh basin;

• t


9/240

9

• n /yria


10/240


11/240

11

• All of the cases currently o(en are in Africa U (rom(ting some African leaders to say it is biased%

• highest (rofile (erson to be brought to the is $ory oasts former @resident Laurent "bagbo%

9anted riminals by

8ose(h ?ony

• leader of .gandas rebel mo$ement, the Lords Hesistance Army, which is acti$e in .ganda, ongo an/udan%

• Ee is charged with crimes against humanity and war crimes, including abduction of thousands ofchildren and forcing them to #ill their own (arents%

• Ee remains at large and refuses to sign a (eace deal until the arrest warrant is re$o#ed%

/udanese @resident 7mar

al)ashiroutstanding arrest warrant against U the first against a ser$ing head of state%

Eow does get criminals arrested;

• has no (olice force of its own to trac# down and arrest sus(ects%

• nstead it must rely on national (olice ser$ices to ma#e arrests and see# their transfer to The Eague%

• /udans @resident 7mar al)ashir remains at liberty, with se$eral signatory countries refusing to coo(erate in his arrest%

Eow does the system wor#;

• (rosecutor begins an in$estigation if a case is referred either by the .N /ecurity ouncil or by a ratifying state%

• Ee or she can also ta#e inde(endent action, but (rosecutions ha$e to be a((ro$ed by a (anel of 6udges%

• )oth the (rosecutor and the 6udges are elected by the states ta#ing (art in the court

• Bach state has a right to nominate one candidate for election as a 6udge%

9ho has agreed to coo(erate with the court;

• Home Treaty has been ratified by 121 states so far, meaning they therefore bound themsel$es to coo(erate%

•

7nly one Arab state has ratified so far U 8ordan%

9hy ./A doesn


12/240


13/240

13

2% The (i(eline will also (ass through @a#istan


14/240

14

Eow did the disagreement o$er the glacier start;

1% ndia and @a#istan ha$e a dis(uted border in 8ammu and ?ashmir, most of it delineated as the Line of ontrol LoC with troo(

(ositions on either side%

2% 9hile most (ositions were delineated as (er the 15-2 /himla agreement, the boundary line was s(ecified to only a (oint called N8 5

till the area from where /iachen starts%

3% The agreement stated that after this (oint, the boundary would (roceed =north to the glaciers> without s(ecifying which nation wou

ha$e control o$er which area%

&% The matter remained noncontro$ersial until the 150s when the ndian Army disco$ered that @a#istan was issuing (ermission to

foreign eD(editions to tre# in /iachen% ndian intelligence agencies found out that @a#istan army under orders from "eneral ia was

(lanning to conduct a military o(eration to ca(ture /iachen, from their su((lier of Eigh Altitude mountain warfare gear (ro$ider in

London, as @a#istan had (laced orders for Arctic gear from the same su((lierC Thus the ndian army launched 1peration

2eg%oot and ndian troo(s belonged to the ?umaon Hegiment were airlifted and mo$ed into the glacier%

http://mrunal.org/2012/08/diplo-siachen.htmlhttp://mrunal.org/2012/08/diplo-siachen.html


15/240

15

9here do the two sides disagree;

1% ndia


16/240

16

1% As ndia managed to get the u((er hand, it currently controls all heights along the glacier on the /altoro ridge and uses the glacier a

logistics base%

2% /ince 200-, ndia has been (romoting tre#s and eD(editions by ci$ilians and foreigners in the $icinity of the glacier to reaffirm its cl

on the region%

3% The Army has gi$en (ermission to se$eral grou(s of mountaineers to climb (ea#s in the Bastern ?ara#oram range that ad6oins the

glacier% The Army also holds a ci$ilian /iachen eD(edition e$ery year and will in the future in$ite e$en foreigners to tre# u( the glaci

9here do negotiations stand;

1% A year after ndia too# o$er the glacier in 15&, tal#s started%

2% After 13 rounds, both sides are now in agreement that the /iachen glacier should be demilitarised%

3% The disagreement is on how this withdrawal of troo(s will ta#e (lace% The ndian (osition is that both nations should 6ointly demarc

the current troo( (ositions in the region% This would in$ol$e an eDhausti$e (rocess to determine and delineate current troo(s (ositi

both on the ground and on a ma(% After this demarcation or =authentication> of troo( (ositions, ndia belie$es, troo(s can be mo$ed

to (re15& (ositions and the border issue can be sol$ed with dialogue%

&% @a#istan agrees that the issue should be resol$ed with tal#s but is strongly against a demarcation of troo( (ositions%

'% @a#istan belie$es that any 6oint demarcation or authentication of troo(s (ositions can be used as a claim by ndia for future tal#s to

resol$e the matter% t insists instead on a mutual withdrawal of troo(s to (re15& de(loyments for tal#s to begin%

% ndia, howe$er, has hardened its stance for authentication of troo(s (ositions after the 1555 ?argil conflict in which insurgents

su((orted by the @a#istani Army occu(ied critical locations along the Lo%

-% ndia wants a demarcation so that it can ta#e military action, if necessary, should @a#istan stealthily occu(y troo(s (ositions e$en a

$acating these as (er the demilitarisation (lan%

http://mrunal.org/2012/08/diplo-siachen.htmlhttp://mrunal.org/2012/08/diplo-siachen.html


17/240

17

9hat is the way forward;

A number of suggestions ha$e been made on how the (roblem can be resol$ed, including

1% declaring the area a (eace (ar#,

2% 6oint (atrolling of the region

3% nternational (eace#ee(ing force being de(loyed in the region%

Eowe$er, the ndian Army stand, which is bac#ed by the go$ernment, is $ery strict on the (oint of authentication of troo( (ositions%

The argument is that a demarcation will not ta#e anything away from @a#istan on the negotiating table as current troo( (ositions is a hard, c

act%

!ar#ing the (ositions on a ma(, the Army belie$es, will facilitate a comfortable withdrawal of troo(s from both sides%

@a#istan, on the other hand, belie$es ndia of the glacier is illegal and hence cannot be authenticated 6ointly by both sides, lest

alidation%

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF

ndia and BLA: ommunity of Latin American and aribbean /tates

Wat is C3LAC(

• ommunity of Latin American and aribbean /tates BLAC is a newly formed regional grou( com(rising 33 countries of Latin Amand the aribbean region LAC region%

• All the 33 names are not worth memori*ing U but im(ortant fact is: while !eDico is (art of BLA des(ite being in North Americanontinent, the.'A is not a part of C3LAC& 9hy; )ecause Latin American nations don ./A in thgang U (articularly Sene*uela and )oli$ia%

•"eogra(hically s(ea#ing, ./A is not (art Latin America but the same ./A and +rance and .?C were also (art of /outh Bast Asia T7rgani*ation /BAT7C des(ite not being in /outh Bast Asia% /o don


18/240

18

Wy in ne$s(

• )ecause in Aug 2012, ndia is hosting the first BLA +oreign !inister


19/240

19

%im&it 'uge Chavez addresses the opening ceremony of C*C$

In%ia4s Relations $it C3LAC region

• ndia


20/240

20

Central *sia+ olitical ap

7ur +oreign !inister /! ?rishna lol*C, earlier said that ndia wants to become a full time member of /7% Hussian "o$ernment welcomed

mo$e, and hina did not o((ose%

/hould ndia become a full time member of /7;

Arguments against 6oining /7

@a#istan s(onsored Terror com(anies

• hina has been trying to use the security mechanism of the /7 for dealing with organisations which are (ercei$ed as (osing a thre)ei6ing and the entral Asian He(ublics,

• ).T it does not loo# u(on antindia organi*ations s(onsored by @a#istans nter/er$ices ntelligence, or the Afghan Taliban or theEaIIani Networ# such as the ashar-e-Tayiba the aish-e-ohammad, the 'art-ul-ihad-al-.slami and the 'arat-ul- u/ahideen, as coming within the ambit of the /7 security mechanism%

ideology

• There would be $ery little com(atibility between our internal security concerns and interests and those of hina and @a#istan and it

could be counter(roducti$e for us to (artici(ate in this mechanism%

• !oreo$er, our internal security strategy is based on the (rinci(le that eDce(t in border areas, the (olice should be the wea(on of firsresort and the army the wea(on of last resort for internal security i%e% NaDalites, secessionists in North Bast and 8K?%C )ut The /7mechanism o(erates on the (rinci(le that the army should be the wea(on of first resort with the (olice (laying only a su((orti$e rol[although thin# that


21/240

21

• ndian interest in nternational North/outh Trans(ort orridor connects !umbai in ndia, )andra Abbas (ort in ran and anothe#nown as )andar An*ali in northern ran on the as(ian /ea coast from ndian (ers(ecti$e, this route is shorter than the eDisting /anal and the !editerranean /eaC% This route will hel( ndia to by(ass @a#istan to reach entral Asia%

• ndia is loo#ing for energy coo(eration in the region TA@ strategic lin# in its eDtended neighborhood and /outh Asia% already discin earlier articleC

•

/7 is (romising alternati$e regional (latform to discuss the ra(idly changing Afghan situation [because .N7 is hea$ily dominated./A, and in .N/, ndia doesn


22/240

22

Senau0%iaoyu islands

Wat is Cina7s claim(

• These slands ha$e been (art of its territory since ancient times, ser$ing as im(ortant fishing grounds administered by the (ro$ince Taiwan%

• Taiwan was ceded to 8a(an in the Treaty of /himonose#i in 15', after the /ino8a(anese war%

• 9hen Taiwan was returned in the Treaty of /an +rancisco, hina says the islands U as (art of it U should also ha$e been returned%

Conflict in recent times

• n 2010, 8a(an sei*ed a hinese trawler that collided with two coast guard $essels near to the islands, s(ar#ing a serious di(lomatic/mall anti8a(anese (rotests were held in se$eral cities in hina% Eowe$er, in the end, 8a(an released the entire crew of the trawlerfirst the 1&member crew and then the ca(tain, se$eral days later%

• August 2012: a grou( of @rohina acti$ists sailed to the islands from Eong ?ong, with se$en landing on one island% All 1& on boardincluding 6ournalists and crew members, ha$e been detained by 8a(anese authorities%


Jurfar onflict G /outh /udan nde(endence: Timeline, @layers, /imilarities and differences

9hat is /udan;

• Area wise the largest nation of Africa%

• )ut in 2011, /outh /udan became an inde(endent nation, so now the largest country of Africa Algeria%

)ac#ground: Jurfur and /outh /udan

Carefully 1bserve the location of %urfar, South Sudan and neighbor *frican nations

• /udan achie$ed inde(endence from the )ritish in 15'%

• )ut since the beginning, /udan has been ruled from ?hartoum by a small grou( of (redominantly Arab elites hailing (rinci(ally froNile Hi$er $alley in central /udan%

http://mrunal.org/2012/08/diplomacy-durfar.htmlhttp://mrunal.org/2012/08/diplomacy-durfar.html


23/240

23

• Hather than wor#ing to de$elo( /udan


24/240

24

* typical an/a&eed goon usually rides horse and &ants to ill some innocent %ufur 2efugees

"o$ernment Hebels

• "o$ernment headed by @resident 7mar Al )ashir%

• =6un"a$ee% 2ilitias> U these are the Arab goons tolerated,su((orted, funded and armed by the North /udanese"o$ernment 7mar al )ashirC

• These Arab gunmen (etrol on horses, with A?&- andmurder, ra(e and loot any innocent tribal African $illagers inthe Jurfur region%

• n return, the Tribal Hebels also #ill the innocent /unni!uslims $illagers%

These are the Tribal Africans, following either hristianity or Animism%

1% /udan Liberation Army /LAC% Barlier 2inni2inna$i was the main guy here but 6ust li#e the !afia!o$ies of )ollywood, the /LA is now bro#en into $arioufactions%

2% 8ustice and BIuality !o$ement 8B!C

@layers in /outh /udan nde(endence /truggle

Northern "o$ernment /outhern Hebels

• headed by @resident 7mar Al )ashir%

• !urahaleen Arab !ilitia%

• They also murder, ra(e and loot any innocent tribal

1% /udan @eo(le


25/240

25

Africans in the /outh /udan region%

• They


26/240

26

@o(ulation Arabic s(ea#ing muslims Africans, following either hristianity or tribal religions%

@resident

7mar Al )ashir

/al$a ?iir !ayardit

a(ital city ?hartoom 8uba

Bconomy @oor @oorer

ndia in ?ashmir% /o our 7fficial line is

These are internal matters of respective countries and &e urge both sides to resolve the matters peacefully through dialogues#


Jelaram aran6 Eighway, habahar @ort: ndiaranAfghanistan trade relations

Barlier we saw TA@ @i(eline issue, in$ol$ing ndiaAfghanistan% clic# !e if you didn


27/240

27

o ran was to build a highway from habahar a @ort ity of ranC u(to Afghanistan border%

o ndia was to build a road connecting Jelaram border city of AfghanistanC to aran6 a(ital of Nimru* (ro$ince of Afghan

.ndia &anted to develop port 4Chabahar (.ran) to do trading &ith *fghanistan, bypassing aistan$

Jelaramaran6 Eighway

• JelaramUaran6 Eighway, also #nown as Houte 0%

• Length about 200#m

• t connects Jelaram border city of AfghanistanC to aran6 a(ital of Nimru* (ro$ince of AfghanistanC%

• ndia totally financed this (ro6ect% about 00 crore ru(eesC%

• )order Hoads 7rgani*ation )H7C of ndia, has constructed this highway%

• onstruction started in 200', and in 2005 the road was o(ened for (ublic use%

• Juring the construction of this highway,Taliban #illed about 130 wor#ers, including & ndians from )H7%

o far, all the roadway construction is finished%

ndia wished to access both Afghanistan and other central Asian nations li#e Tur#menistanC, through this habahar (ort, )ut the habahar

s not yet fully de$elo(ed to handle the huge cargo to and from ndia%

All these years, ndia was reIuesting ran to allow them to do some (ort Je$elo(ment on this (ort%

9hy ran allowed ndian n$estment;


28/240

28

ort city of Chabahar (.ran)

• n the early 2012, ./ (ut sanction against ran 7il eD(ort, i%e% if any country im(crude oil from ran, then that country


29/240

29

1th NA! summit

• 1th NA! summit will be held in ran, during August 3031%

• !ohan is going to $isit this summit and will try to negotiate something with the @residents of ran and Afghanistan to sign u( some!o. #inda document%


ose(h ?oni, Lord


30/240

30

•


31/240

31


7rgani*ation of slamic oo(eration 7C: sus(ension of /yria, Hohingyas, 8ammu n ?ashmir

1rgani)ation of Islamic Cooperation 1IC;

• is an international organi*ation consisting of '- member states%

• Bstablished in 155, to safeguard the interests and ensure the (rogress and wellbeing of !uslims%

Wy is it in Ne$s(

• ?ing Abdullah of /audi Arabia, called u( an emergency summit of 7 in midAugust 2012, in the city of !ecca%

• This is only the fourth time in the history of 7, that an emergency summit has been called%

• 9hy; 7fficial reason: to address the urgent agenda of the dee(ening di$isions within and between !uslim ma6ority states%

• .nofficial reason: (ut (ressure on /yrian "o$ernment to sto( massacring the (eo(le%

8$o main outcomes of 1IC summit

1n Roingyas

• 7 condemned the $iolence against the Hohingya !uslims in !yanmar%

• 7 also released 1&(oint resolution to (ressurise the !yanmarese go$ernment to sto( the wides(read discrimination andadministrati$e hostility being faced by Hohingya !uslims%%

• ?ing Abdulla ordered assistance of '0 million to the Hohingyas%

• Although !yanmar "o$ernment maintains that the $iolence in the Ha#hine state has anything to do with race or religion, has a$oid(olitical confrontation with the 7 and other leading slamic nations%

1n 'yrian .nrest

http://mrunal.org/2012/08/diplo-oic.htmlhttp://mrunal.org/2012/08/diplo-oic.html


32/240

32

• !ore than 10,000 (rotestors ha$e been massacred so far, by @resident )ashar AlAssad


33/240

33

• +or 7 it would ha$e been a di(lomatic disaster and death #nell to the organi*ation, if the world


34/240

34

Syria and its :eighbours

• Jamascus /yria


35/240

35

• n !arch 2011, $iolence bro#e out in Jaraa, /yria, after a grou( of children and teenagers were arrested for writing (olitical graffiti%Jo*ens of (eo(le were #illed when security forces crac#ed down on (rotesters%

• Jemonstrators soon called for alAssad to lea$e office, following in the footste(s of Bgy(t


36/240

36

and democracy%

• t doesn


37/240

37

• it is a region in /yria, where 100F ci$ilians were #illed in !ay 2012%

• /yrian go$ernment alleged that AlPaeda terrorist grou(s were res(onsible for the #illings

• while Eoula residents and o((osition grou(s allege /yrian military


38/240

38

:aresh Chandra

• t was setu( by !ohan in 2011, and ga$e the re(ort in 2012 somewhere in AugustC

• to re$iew the current the national security system

• to suggest measures to strengthen the national security a((aratus%

• Naresh handra is a retired A/ and rest of the team has di(lomats, defense eD(erts, HA9, )army, na$y officers etc%

Hecommendations of Naresh handra Tas# +orce on National security

not eDhausti$e]

7n the Bnemies of ndia

7n hina

• hina will become militarily more asserti$e and nationalistic as its economic and military (ower grows%

• hina will continue to utili*e @a#istan as (art of its grand strategy for containing ndia in a =/outh Asian boD>%

• .nited states will become more circums(ect and accommodating in dealing with hina%


39/240

39

• Therefore ndia should shift focus of national security strategy from @a#istan to hina%

• Army be gi$en management of /inondian borders and ndia should become more asserti$e in dealing with hina%

7n @a#istan

• @a#istani military hasnot gi$en u( the use of radical slamic grou(s to (romote terrorism in both ndia and Afghanistan

• biggest concern is @a#istan


40/240

40

o ndian nstitute of /cience, )angalore%

• A@A would fund research in institutions li#e Ts, uni$ersities and (ri$ate laboratories%

• A@A will not be in$ol$ed with JHJ7

• JHJ7 must assume res(onsibility for managing the JHJ7


41/240

41

o se$eral recruits refuse to 6oin the !BA%

o t reIuires huge time and effort to train new +/ officers and ma#ing them (roficient in Bnglish and other foreign language[+/ training ta#es around 3 years, while A/K@/ training done in about 2 years]

• Therefore, !inistry of BDternal Affairs should acce(t officials from ci$il ser$ices and armed forces on short duration fi$e yearsCde(utations rather than solely relying on .@/%

• ndian embassies and missions, which are reIuired to (lay a #ey role in issues such as acIuisition of raw materials, hydrocarbons, sh be staffed with =consultants with the reIuisite technical and technological bac#ground%

hairman hiefs of /taff ommittee o/C

:eed C1SC to eep an eye on China and a

• Ee will ha$e a fiDed tenure of two years and will be rotated among the three ser$ices Army, Na$y, AirforceC%

• Ee


42/240

42

• EP: ?athmandu

!embers of /AAH

finally one map in google search doesn’t include 5ashmir in aistan

!embers 5 7bser$ors

1% Afghanistan

2% )angladesh

3% )hutan

&% ndia

'% !aldi$es

% Ne(al

-% @a#istan

% /ri Lan#a

1% Australia

2% hina

3% Buro(ean .nion

&% ran

'% 8a(an

% !auritius

-% !yanmar

% /outh ?orea

5% .nited /tates

t seems .nited /tates is an obser$er in (retty much e$ery organi*ation, but do you recall any organi*ationsC, where ./A is not a obser$er;

Eint: www%!runal%orgKdi(lomacy

http://www.mrunal.org/diplomacyhttp://www.mrunal.org/diplomacyhttp://www.mrunal.org/diplomacy


43/240

43

9hat is AJJ. declaration;

• Addu is the second largest city of !amldi$es ca(ital is !aleC, where 1-th /AAH conference was held% /e(tember 2011C

• Theme of this Addu summit : )uilding )ridges%

• The leaders of /AAH Nations, issued a 20(oints declaration here, which is #nown as =Addu Jeclaration>%

• )y the way, the 1th /ummit will be held in ?athmandu, Ne(al in 2013%

n short, Addu declaration means

;e (the S**2C leaders) &ill do this, this and this- total


44/240

44

• /AAH +inance !inisters will wor# for greater flow of financial ca(ital and intraregional longterm in$estment%

Trade fair

• To hold the Twelfth /AAH Trade +air F /AAH Tra$el and Tourism +air in ?ulhudhuffushi, !aldi$es in 2012%

Hailway

• Try for Hegional Hailways Agreement

• /hould do a demonstration run of a container train )angladesh U ndia U Ne(alC%

)oat

• wor# on the ndian 7cean argo and @assenger 9erry 'ervice

• this will re$olutionise mo$ement of (eo(le and goods within the region%

limate

• timely im(lementation of the 8impu 'tatement on Climate Cange&

• Bnergy oo(eration and the /tudy on the Hegional @ower BDchange once(t as also the wor# related to /AAH !ar#et for Blectrici

• a((ro(riate (ercentage of national income should go towards the res(ecti$e countries< renewable energy in$estments

+ood security

• 9or# on /AAH +ood )an#%

•This +ood )an# will su((lement national efforts to (ro$ide food security to the (eo(le of the region%

Terrorism

• root out terrorism, ta#ing into account its lin#ages with illegal traffic#ing in narcotic drugs, (sychotro(ic substances and small arms

• !a#e coordinated and concerted efforts to combat terrorism >good /oe, given that aistan is also in S**2C?

rime

• Hatify of the /AAH on$ention on 2utual Assistance in Criminal 2atters&

@iracy

• oo(erate to combat maritime (iracy in the region%

9omen

• em(owerment of women and gender eIuality in the region

• 9or# on the Convention on ?reventing an% Combating 8raffic0ing in Women an% Cil%ren for ?rostitution

Bducation


45/240

45

• !utual recognition of academic and (rofessional degrees% [/o, @! degree, which is not recogni*ed by .", will it be recogni*ed in@a#istan, (erha(sY;]

• Bstablishment of longterm lin#ages among uni$ersities, research institutions and thin#tan#s in the region%

!edia

• con$ene a Hegional onference on !edia to consider dee(ening collaboration in the region%

• decide which day to celebrate as /AAH !edia day%

!oc# Puestion

!P

9hich of the following statements are true;

1% Addu is the ca(ital of !aldi$es%

2% /AAH has - members%

3% All the countries sharing (hysical borders with ndia, eDce(t hina, are members of /AAH%

&% /ecretariat of /AAH is in Thim(u%

'% 7nly one member of /AAH is an island nation%

% /AAH summit of 2013 will be held in New Jelhi%

Jescri(ti$e

1% Addu Jeclaration 2 mar#er, 20 wordsC

2% 9rite a note on Addu declaration 12 mar#s, 120 wordsC


onnect entral Asia @olicy: !eaning, +eatures, /ignificance for ndia

9hat is entral Asia;

t is made u( of fi$e nations

ountry a(ital

?a*a#hstan Astana

?yrgy*stan )ish#e#

Ta6i#istan Jushanbe

http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/iipm-not-recognised-can%5Ct-confer-degrees-ugc-public-notice/106650/onhttp://www.business-standard.com/india/news/iipm-not-recognised-can%5Ct-confer-degrees-ugc-public-notice/106650/onhttp://mrunal.org/2012/09/diplomacy-connect-car.htmlhttp://www.business-standard.com/india/news/iipm-not-recognised-can%5Ct-confer-degrees-ugc-public-notice/106650/onhttp://mrunal.org/2012/09/diplomacy-connect-car.html


46/240

46

Tur#menistan Ashgabat

.*be#istan Tash#ent

•ollecti$ely they


47/240

47

1% hahabar and )andar Abbas (orts in ran

2% Ea6iga#K)amiyan in Afghanistan

3% )andar An*ali on the as(ian /ea%

9hat has hina done in entral Asia;

• hina has already built roads, railways and (i(elines across this resourcerich region%

o 7il (i(elines from the as(ian /ea across ?a*a#hstan

o gas (i(eline from Tur#menistan $ia .*be#istan and ?a*a#hstan,

o dee(sea (ort of "wadar in @a#istan

• hina is eD(loiting the /iberian timber, !ongolian iron ore, ?a*a#h oil, Tur#men natural gas and Afghan co((er through thistrans(ortation networ#%

9hat is onnect entral Asia @olicy;

• ndia has launched this =onnect entral Asia @olicy> to

o Ta( the natural resources oil,gas,ironore etcC of entral Asia%

o ounter the hegemony dominationC of hina in this region%

• This (olicy was formally declared at )ish#e# ?yrgy*stanC by our !inister of /tate BDternal AffairsC in 8une 2012%

• .nder this (olicy, we


48/240

48

& International Nort!'out 8ransport Corri%or IN'8C;

o t is a 6oint $enture between ran, ndia, Hussia and A*erbai6an

o t will connect ndia to entral Asia through ran $ia rail, road and shi( networ#%

.nternational :orth-South Transport Corridor (.:STC)

Teach and Eeal

1 9e


49/240

49

2a/nianth might shoot his ne@t movie in Ta/iistan, but if &e’ve 2a/nianth on our side then &e shouldn’t be &orried about Chinese 'ege

over Central *sia in the


Nuclear /ecurity /ummit at /eoul: 7utcomes, ndia


50/240

50

• Eighly enriched uranium EB.C is used in nu#e reactors and medical field but it can be used for ma#ing nu#e bombs%

• Therefore, e$ery nation should switch to lowenriched uranium LB.C fuel%

2ore tal0ing

• 9e


51/240

51

1% 9e


52/240

52

• ?yoto @rotocol, arbon Trading, o(enhagen Accord: !eaning, BD(lained

Wat is Rio 'ummit5 3art 'ummit (

• t was a .nited nations summit, held in Hio de 8aneiro )ra*ilC in 1552%

• t led to creation of .nited Nations +ramewor# on$ention on limate hange .N+C

Wat is te .N9CCC(

• .nited Nations +ramewor# on$ention on limate hange .N+C

• reated because of the Hio /ummitK Barth /ummit of 1552%

• t is an international treaty for reducing greenhouse gas emissions%

• Nearly e$ery country on Barth is a (arty to the .N+%

Wat is Conference of te ?arties C1?;(

• The nations, who


53/240

53

• /o, while it is the =ommon> res(onsibility of e$ery nation of this world, to reduce "reen house gas emission, but there should be sodifference between the res(onsibility gi$en to de$elo(ed countries and de$elo(ing countries%

• ?yoto @rotocol follows that (rinci(le and assigns se(arate res(onsibilities to the countries%

Anne

AnneD means some elaborationKdetail gi$en at the end of a boo#Ktreaty%

AnneD 9hat;

AnneD

• List of industriali*ed countries and economies in transition: ./, +rance, 8a(an etc%

• These countries had (ledged to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions to 1550 le$els by the year 2000%

AnneD • A subgrou( of AnneD 1 ountries, these AnneD countries are reIuired to gi$e financial assistance and technology tothe de$elo(ing countries nonAnneD countriesC%

NonAnneD

• Je$elo(ing countries li#e ndia, )ra*il, hina%

• They donot ha$e com(ulsory binding targets to reduce green house gas emission, although they are encouraged to do

AnneD A

t gi$es the list of "reen Eouse gases that are res(onsible for the whole (roblem

1% arbon dioDide 72CW

2% !ethane E&CW

3% Nitrous oDide N27CW

&% Eydrofluorocarbons E+sCW

'% @erfluorocarbons @+sCW and

% /ul(hur heDafluoride /+C

AnneD )

• This gi$es the AnneD countries Je$elo(ed countriesC U com(ulsory binding targets to reduce green house gas emissi

• +or eDam(le ./A is reIuired to cut down its emission by -

Bac0 to /yoto ?rotocol

• 7#, so far we learned that

• n Barth /ummit, Hio Je 8anero, )ra*il, they formed a treaty called .N+

• The .N+ gangsters meets e$ery year, there is item song, gunfiring, consum(tion of desi-li8uor and deliberations on how to fiD

global warming (roblem and these meetings are called Conference of arties "C1#$


54/240

54

• n third such 7@ meeting \?yoto, 8a(an, they come u( with an idea under which

o Je$elo(ed nations li#e ./, will com(ulsorily reduce their green house gas "E"C emission by 2012%

o Je$elo(ing nations li#e ndia, should reduce "E" emission but not com(ulsory%

• Although $arious countries signed ?yoto @rotocol in 155-, it did not came into force immediately%

• ?yoto (rotocol came into force only after reIuired number of AnneD 1 ountries ratified it%

• /o this was achie$ed only in 200'%

• Thus, ?yoto although signed in 155-, came into force in 200'%

/yoto protocol: Ho$ %oes it actually $or0(

• /u((ose Abdul, )hide and ham(a# A)C goto a "u6arati dining hall% This hall ser$es only VfiDed dish< i%e% 1 sab6i, & roti,dal and ric And each dish costs Hs%'0% f you want more roti then you ?yoto .nitsC%

• +or eDam(le, for the year 2005, Australia


55/240

55

• )ut Austrialian "o$ernment is unable to maintain this limit and Australia emits 210 units of green house gas, in gi$en year%

• 7n the other side, 8a(anese "o$ernment ta#es $ery strong ste(s to control emission and hence they only emit 50 units of "reen Eogas% /o it has s(are 10 ?yoto .nits%

• Now, under Bmission trading system, Australia can buy this 10 s(are #yoto units from 8a(an and thus remain within its limit%

• n real life scenario, each anneD ) country ma#es law gi$ing fiDed Iuota to the com(anies%

o /u((ose steel factory cannot emit more than 1 ton of "reen house gas

o Tire com(any cannot emit more than 2 tonnes of green house gas%

o /o if tire com(any owner buys su(erfine machinaries that (roduce less gas so he has some s(are creditKIuota say 1 tonC

o 9hile /teel factory emits more than its allowed Iuota su((ose it was allowed 2 tonnes but emitted 3 tonnesC

o Then the steel com(any can (ay the tire com(any and get a certificate that we

• Eere are some charts to understand it better% )ut the teDt in below image is hard to read because the original images were in lowIualityC% /olution 6ust hold down =trl> ?ey on your #eyboard and mo$e your mousewheel u(wards and it


56/240

56

M< Clean Development 2ecanism CD2;

• /u((ose AnneD ) country Australia is gi$en emission Iuota of 200 units, but it emits 210 units of green house gas%

• )ut Australia can finance a solar (ower (ro6ect in some $illage of ndia NonAnneD or de$elo(ing ountryC and get certificate that tsolar (lant led to reduction of 10 units of green house gas% n this way, Australia will remain in its IuotaKlimit%

• /imilarly, su((ose Australian "o$ernment has (assed a law that a steel (roduction com(any with out(ut of 200 tonnes of steel (er must not emit more than 10 units of green house gas in a year%

o )ut this com(any wants to (roduce more steel, then its green house gas emission has increased to 11 units% 1 more unit abthe IuotaC

o /o this com(any can also do some solar(ro6ects in ndia, )ra*il etc% and get a certificate that it has led to reduction of 1 un"E" emission% (roblem sol$ed%

M* 6oint Implementation 6I;


57/240

57

• This is identical to J!%

• n J!, Australia can do good (ro6ect in a nonAnneD country de$elo(ing countryC e%g% ndia%

• n 8oint m(lementation, Australia can do the good (ro6ect in another AnneD ) country e%g% 8a(an to meet the Iuota%

Wy .'A %i% not ratify /yoto ?rotocol(

• ./ @resident "eorge 9 )ush refused to ratify ?yoto (rotocol saying that it would gra$ely damage the ./ economy%

• for eDam(le a ./ steel com(any would need to either buy arbon redits from another com(any or in$est in some (ro6ects in ade$elo(ing countryC, while an ndian or hinese /teel com(any has no such obligation so their cost of (roduction low, hence theysell their (roducts \lower !H@ ./ steel com(any will loose customers%

• /o ./ "o$ernment feels is that the treaty is fatally flawed, because it does not reIuire de$elo(ing countries es(ecially ndia and hto commit to emissions reductions%

• After @resident )ush, @resident 7bama too, didn


58/240

58

• hina is the world leader in total annual "reen Eouse "as emissions

• .%/% is second%

• B. is third%

• .nited /tates is the only AnneD country that has not ratified the ?yoto @rotocol%

• n line with the o(enhagen Accord, the .%/% has (ledged a 1- reduction in "E" emissions, against a 200' baseline, by 2020% buis not legally bindingC%

• As we saw earlier, ./ is not in fa$our of any legally binding commitments% )esides, 7bama has to face election in No$ember%

BA'IC Countries

• )ra*il, /outh Africa, ndia and hina,

• this grou( includes the world


59/240

59


H7 F20 /ummit: !eaning, 7utcomes and ndia

9hat was the ob6ecti$e of H7F20;

)y this conference .N wanted to bring together go$ernments, international institutions and ma6or N"7C grou(s to agree on a range of smar

measures for

1% (o$erty reduction

2% clean energy

3% /ustainable de$elo(ment% And this /ustainble Je$elo(ment has three (illers

1% economic de$elo(ment,

2% social de$elo(ment

3% en$ironmental (rotection%

9hat is sustainable de$elo(ment;

1% Oou might ha$e seen one ad in which a #id and his dad are sitting in the car% They


60/240

60

Hio 20: 2 Themes

7fficial discussions will focus on two main themes

1% Eow to build a green economy to achie$e sustainable %evelopment

2% Eow to lift (eo(le out of (o$erty, including su((ort for de$elo(ing countries for ta#ing Vgreen< (ath for de$elo(ment%

Hio 20: /e$en (riority areas

Area 9hy im(ortant;

1%8obs

1 Bconomic recession has ta#en a toll on 6obs

2 There will be o$er '00 million 6ob see#ers o$er the neDt 10 years%

3 There is need to create more ="reen 6obs> 6obs in agriculture, industry, ser$ices and administration that can sa$e en$ironment%

2%Bnergy 1 Bnergy is essential for 6obs security, climate change, food (roduction or increasing incomes% (o$erty reductionC

3%ities 1 ities are hubs for ideas, commerce, culture, science, (roducti$ity, social de$elo(ment and much more%


61/240

61

2 ities ha$e enabled (eo(le to ad$ance socially and economically%

3 )ut ommon city challenges include congestion, lac# of basic ser$ices, (oor hygiene and sanitation, unsafe drin#in water%

&%+ood

1 limate change is (utting e$en more (ressure on food security%

2 7n earth there will be additional 2 billion (eo(le by 20'0%

3 Hight now, our soils, freshwater, oceans, forests and biodi$ersity are being ra(idly degraded to increase the food(roduction%

& /o Hio 20 is the (lace to rethin# how we grow, share and consume our food%

'%9ater

1 There is sufficient fresh water on the (lanet%

2 )ut due to bad economics or (oor infrastructure, e$ery year millions of (eo(le, most of them children, die fromdiseases associated with inadeIuate water su((ly, sanitation and hygiene

3 9ater scarcity, (oor water Iuality and inadeIuate sanitation negati$ely im(act food security, li$elihood choices aneducational o((ortunities for (oor families across the world

& Jrought afflicts some of the world


62/240

62

9T7 subsidy

9T7 comes into the H7 20 (icture because international trade is im(ortant for sustainable Je$elo(ment and (o$erty remo$al%

9T7 was discussed a long time ago L? !B

Anyways, ideaK(roblemKcruD is this

1% 9T7 wants that there should be free flow of goods and ser$ices between nations, without hea$y taDesKim(ort duty etc% things%

2% )ut ./A gi$es hea$y subsidies to its farmers, so they can grow and sell cotton and corn $ery chea(ly% /o if there is a totally free syste./ can flood its agro (roducts in ndia, and our farmers cannot com(ete% ndia doesn


63/240

63

• !ost en$ironmentfriendlyKgreen technologies are with the de$elo(ed countries%

• H7 20 should facilitate the transfer of these technologies from de$elo(ed countries ./C to de$elo(ing countries ndiaC on concessterms i%e% \reasonable (riceC%

• ndia also wants Barly o(erationali*ation of the Nagoya @rotocol for Access to "enetic Hesources and the +air and BIuitable /harin)enefits Arising from their .tili*ation A)/CC

• creation of a V/ustainable Je$elo(ment +und< for (ro$iding finances to the de$elo(ing countries%

• n short, ndia wants adeIuate flow of resources and technologies to de$elo(ing countries%

"reen stimulus (ac#ages

• 8ust li#e the "o$ernments round the world, ndia is also (romoting (ublic and (ri$ate in$estment in sectors li#e renewable energy, conser$ation and water management%

• ndian "o$ernment has been in$esting and im(ro$ing the urban mass trans(ortation, railways, (ublic water su((ly and sanitation,common facilities for (ollution control and waste management, forest Iuality, watershed de$elo(ment, conser$ation and sustainablof biodi$ersity

Jon


64/240

64

Anyways the leaders of $arious Nations etc met in Hio Je 8aneiro in 8une 2012%

+rom my earlier articles, you


65/240

65

1 9e


66/240

66

3 9e


67/240

67

& !ountain ecosystems (lay a crucial role in (ro$iding water resources to a large (ortion of the world


68/240

68

' 9e should also bear in mind that there is no onesi*efitsall formula that will guarantee de$elo(ment effecti$eness% The s(ecificsituation of each country needs to be fully considered% 8ust li#e NJA wantedC

9e reiterate our su((ort for /outh/outh coo(eration% [means eDchange of resources, technology, and #nowledge between de$elo(icountries%]

- 9e also recogni*e that /outh/outh coo(eration com(lements rather than substitutes for North/outh coo(eration%

orru(tion

1 9eC

+rom ./ K 9estern (oint of $iew

ndia and hina are trillion dollar nations "J@ wiseC and yet they always (lay the =de$elo(ing nation (oor (eo(le $ictim card> and o((ose le

inding commitments% They can and should ta#e more initiati$es gi$en their (ower economies%

!ohan did not roar in H7 20

• ndia has the edge to contribute globally, es(ecially in the areas of decentralised energy access, mobile tele(hony, distant healthcaredeli$ery, ego$ernance and digital information ser$ices%

• ANJ OBTC


69/240

69

nternational /ummits will ne$er wor#

• All the muchhy(ed global summits on en$ironmental (olicy ha$e fallen short of eD(ectations%

• As a result, many ecologists, acti$ists, and business leaders belie$e that (rogress on en$ironmental issues must be made locally with(ri$ate sector, without counting on the hel( of international accords%

!oc# Puestions

!P

9hich of the following statements are correct;

1% /ustainable de$elo(ment means, meeting the needs of the future generation without com(romising the ability of current generationmeet its own needs%

2% The Hio 20 is held to initiate reform in )retton 9oods nstitutions and .N security council%

3% Hio de 8aneiro is the ca(ital of )ra*il%

&% )ra*il is the only @ortugueses(ea#ing nation in /outh America%

'% T) is an eDam(le noncommunicable disease%

Jescri(ti$e Puestions

9rite a '0 words note on following ' mar#s eachC

1% /ustainable Je$elo(ment

2% TB/

3% /ustainable Je$elo(ment "oals /J"sC

&% TradeHelated As(ects of ntellectual @ro(erty Hights TH@/C

'% .nited Nations on$ention on the Law of the /ea .NL7/C

% Nagoya @rotocol

9rite in 1'0 9ords 1' mar#sC

1% 9hat is /ustainable Je$elo(ment% )riefly highlight some initiati$es ta#en by "o$ernment of ndia, to achie$e it%

2% !a6or 7utcomes of H7 F20

3% B$aluate ndia


70/240

70

nter$iew

1% 9hat do you understand by /outh/outh coo(eration; an you cite a few eDam(les;

2% 9hat is sustainable Je$elo(ment; Are you aware of any such (ro6ects in your /tate;

3% 9hat is the role of Jistrict ollector in achie$ing sustainable Je$elo(ment;

&% f you were to form the /J" /ustainable Je$elo(ment "oalsC, what will be in your list;


Liancourt Hoc#sK Ta#eshimaK Jo#do slets Jis(ute )etween 8a(an and /outh ?orea

Ware are 8e 8a0esima or Do0%o Islets(

o These islets are located in the /ea of 8a(an and are a bone of contention between 8a(an and /outh ?orea%

o They are 210 #ilometers across the water from 8a(an and /outh ?orea and are only 15 hectares in area%

o These islets are called the Liancourt Hoc#s in the 9est, Ta#eshima in in 8a(an and Jo#do in /outh ?orea %

Bac0groun% History

• 8a(anese occu(ied ?orea during /econd 9orld 9ar and withdrew from ?orea after its defeat, which led to the signing of the 15'1 tr with the Allied @owers, under which 8a(an relinIuished most of the ?orean territory%

• )ut 8a(an argues that under the 15'1 (eace treaty, the Ta#eshima or Jo#do islets were eDem(t from the deal%

• Eowe$er /outh ?orea does not acce(t the 8a(anese contentionW it treats the islets as a (art of it


71/240

71

• The /outh ?orean go$ernment also wants to build a na$al base on the .lleung slands, near the Jo#do islets, in order to fortify thearound Jo#do%

• There is also a dis(ute regarding the naming of the sea surrounding these islets% /outh ?orea refers to the sea as the Bast /ea, where8a(an refers it as the /ea of 8a(an%

Reasons for te %ispute

1% The islands are located in the /ea of 8a(an, which has $aluable fishinggrounds%

2% The seabed of the area contains $ast, unta((ed reser$es of gas hydrates%

3% /outh ?orea $iews these islets symbols of a lingering colonial $endetta w8a(an which occu(ied ?orea for a long time%

&% Thus the bitter memories of a 8a(anese occu(ation and a newfoundeconomic (ros(erity and technological (rowess ha$e combined to gi$e bito this aggressi$eness amongst the /outh ?oreans%

'% !oreo$er Lee !yung )a# will ste( down as @resident in Jecember, beforlea$ing office, he wants to ra#e u( the nationalist sentiments in order to

im(ro$e the chances of his (arty


72/240

72

• )oth the countries matter a lot to the .nited /tates%

• Their enmity can ad$ersely affect America


73/240

73

9hy @a#istan is eager to be friend of Hussia;

• @a#istan wants Hussian coo(eration to u(grade its military hardware, including !i1- helico(ters and T0.J tan#s%

• @a#istan also wants to eDchange militarytomilitary eDchanges with Hussia

9hy @a#istan is im(ortant for Hussia;

• +or decades now, Hussia


74/240

74

• This is es(ecially true when it comes to Afghanistan%

• @a#istan remains the (rinci(al eDternal determinant of Afghanistan


75/240

75

hina


76/240

76

@roDy aggression

• hina tilts towards @a#istan in its dis(ute with ndia o$er ?ashmir% hina has su((orted the rebel mo$ements in ndia


77/240

77

• hina has done an im(ressi$e 6ob (romoting economic integration and infrastructure both in Tibet and Rin6iang

• ndia has failed to bring economic (ros(erity, internal security and reasonable go$ernance in ?ashmir and North Bast%

• n fact Jelhi is struggling to (ro$ide, '0 years later, basic road connecti$ity to its frontier regions%

yber 9arfare

• n nformation and Technology, ndia has a globally com(etiti$e industry and a dee( (ool of talent%

• )ut it has not been used for notorious (ur(oses li#e hina does :hac#ing gmail accounts of Jalai Lama and foreign ambassadors, haand deleting websites of Tibetian acti$ists etc%

• yber warfare, communication bloc#ade, internet censorshi( in an e$ent of warC, hinese ca(acity are better than ours%

+actors against hina

_1: Bnemy of Bnemy is our friend

• hinese relations with the ./ ha$e entered a difficult (hase%

• hina is engaged in maritime territorial dis(utes with 8a(an [Hecall the earlier article on /en#a#uKJiaoyu islands, L? !B]

• hina


78/240

78

_2: hina


79/240


80/240

80

• .nli#e the 152 war, a future military clash may not be restricted to land warfare at the border X instead, we may see a more dis(erset of stri#es with (recision wea(ons that disable ndian ca(abilities as well as cyber attac#s%

• hina would also be li#ely to bring to bear financial (ressure on ndia, using economic warfare le$ers $ia high le$els of in$estment atrade%

• hina could armtwistKbuy the @olitically and +inancially wea# regimes surrounding ndia )hutan, !yanmar, )angladesh, Ne(alC

build (ermanent military bases there% 8ust li#e ./ did in !iddle Bast and entral Asia%

• /imilarly, hina could soon en6oy a (ermanent and relati$ely ineD(ensi$e na$al (resence in the ndian 7cean $ia na$al bases in /riLan#a, @a#istan, !aldi$es etc%

• And then, hina might end u( controlling Tawang, which hinese officials currently refer to as (art of =south Tibet> along with theof Arunachal @radeshC

• f in future, another 2K11 terror attac# ha((ens in india, and ndia decides to launch military stri#e against @a#istan, then hina w be in a (osition to (ressure ndia into an unfa$ourable settlement or ceasefire%

• hina would then silence ndian free s(eech on internet and in international (latforms .N etcC, $ia combination of di(lomatic andeconomic (ressure, and hinese cyber Attac#s%

• .ltimately, it might result in a #ind of = Binlandisation> of ndia, according to which ndian leaders would ma#e regular (ilgrimages$isitsC to hina to =coordinate> and see# a((ro$al of hinese leaders, on all ma6or international Iuestions e$en at the cost of ndianational interests%

9ell then "ood grief, hina is not the world (owerY )ut then the Iuestion is:

9hat should ndia do to counter hina;

• 9hen we in$est money in military or medical research or child education, it


81/240

81

• )ut hina


82/240

82

Jurand Line, )aluchistan, "wadar @ort: ndia,@a#istan,Afghanistan,ranian interests

9hat s Jurand Line;

1% The 2,00 #m border between @a#istan and Afghanistan%

2% This line is named after /ir !ortimer Jurand, the +oreign /ecretary of then undi$ided )ritish ndia% Ee negotiated this border with

?ing of Afghanistan%

3% At the end of 15th entury, the @ower of Afghani #ing had declined so he had no choice but to acce(t it%

&% +ast forward to 15&-, ndia@a#istan gain inde(endence% )ut Afghans refuse to recogni*e Jurand line as the international border between @a#istan and Afghanistan%

'% n 15&-, at the .N "eneral Assembly meeting, Afghanistan e$en cast a $ote against the admission of @a#istan to the .nited Nations

9hy is Jurand Line in news;

• Hecently, a to( ./ di(lomat said that Jurand Line constitutes the =international border> between Afghanistan and @a#istan%

• This has annoyed the Afghan "o$ernment%

nternational /tand on Jurand Line

Afghanistan Jurand Line does not ha$e any legitimacy%9e re6ect the statement made by ./A%

@a#istan Jurand Line between @a#istan and Afghanistan is =a closed and settled issue>%

./• +or gaining su((ort of @a#istanis during old war, ./ sided with them on Jurand Line issue%

http://mrunal.org/2012/11/diplomacy-durand-line-baluchistan-gwadar-port-indiapakistanafghanistaniranian-interests.htmlhttp://mrunal.org/2012/11/diplomacy-durand-line-baluchistan-gwadar-port-indiapakistanafghanistaniranian-interests.html


83/240

83

• After abo$e contro$ersy, ./ said =7ur (olicy on this Jurand LineC has not changed%>

ndia• /ilent on the issue%

• Although this silence is widely inter(reted as su((orting @a#istan


84/240

84

• )aluchistan is one of the four (ro$inces of @a#istan%

• t is the largest (ro$ince by area, but smallest by (o(ulation%

• 7n August 11, 15&-, the )ritish acceded control of )aluchistan to the ?ing of )aluchistan,

• !ohd% Ali 8innah tried to (ersuade the )aluch #ing to 6oin @a#istan, but the )aluch (arliament refused it%

• /o the @a#istani Army in$aded )aluchistan in 15&, and too# control of e$erything% they tried to do same in ?ashmir during 15&-, bcouldn


85/240

85

• "wadar is located only 10 nautical miles from the /trait of Eormu*%

• This (ort would enable @a#istan ta#e control o$er the world energy 6ugular and destroy ndian tan#ers in case of warC%

• Barlier, All @a#istani Na$al shi(s were concentrated \?aranchi (ort% ndian Na$y could easily attac# them and bloc# @a#istani trad

• )ut now with "wadar (ort, @a#istani na$y could s(read out its shi(s, thus (re$enting ndian na$y from destroying all assets once%

"wadar (ort is &'0 #m further away from ndian )order than ?arachi @ort%C

• The )aluch rebels are o((osing "wadar (ort%

• They say "wadar @ort hasnot lead to any economic Je$elo(ment in the region, all the (ort6obs are gi$en to the migrants from @un6and /indh (ro$ince% There ha$e been re(orts of rebels attac#ing hinese engineers and wor#ers% and @a#istan claiming that HA9 hhand in itC%

"wadar @ort /trings of @earl;

• "wadar (ort a (art of V/tring of @earls< strategy of hinese where they


86/240

86

• This will (ro$ide ndia the shortest route to entral Asian mar#ets and will be a counter balance to hinese influence in "wadar%

+ood for thought

o(y (asting some inter$iews from )aluch Leaders

• slamabad has always claimed that the )aluch resistance is been bac#ed by ndia% )ut that`s 6ust fa#e (ro(aganda from @a#istani st

media in order to show the world that the )aluch are (roDies% ndia is not su((orting us%

• )aluchs are basically secular, by their culture, by their tradition, by their historical bac#ground, so the @a#istani regime is trying toTalibanise the )aluch society% 8ust where am right now, the / U the @a#istani secret ser$ice U has set u( two religious militant gragainst the )aluch national struggle% They ha$e formed these grou(s in the name of slam but their real aim is to crush the )aluchfreedom mo$ement%

• The Taliban are basically @a#istani military without uniform% They started beheading westerners after 5K11 but we were being behea by these religious butchers long ago% 9e ha$e told the nternational community about the e$il (lans of the / U the @a#istani secretser$ices U but our (lea has been stubbornly ignored%

• An inde(endent )aluchistan would not only be good for us but also for the rest of the world% As we are secular (eo(le we would not eDtremism coming from @a#istan, ran or Afghanistan%

• @a#istan;

3% f )aluchistan gains inde(endence, what will be its im(lication on the nternational @ower eIuations;




87/240

87

a(an /agarK Bast /ea ontro$ersy, and functions of /ur$ey of ndia

9hat is /ur$eyor "eneral of ndia;

• /ur$ey of ndia ndia


88/240

88

8a(an /agar contro$ersy;

• /ur$ey of ndia, has omitted naming this seaKwater body in its Bnglish $ersion, though the Eindi one calls the area V8a(an /agar< onma(s%

• 8a(an has (rotested against this%

• n case you wonder, what is there in a =name>, well recall the earlier article Liancourt Hoc#sK Ta#eshimaK Jo#do slets Jis(ute )etw8a(an and /outh ?orea lic# !eC

• /ea of 8a(an has $aluable fishing grounds%

• The seabed of the area contains $ast, unta((ed reser$es of gas hydrates%

• /o it is not 6ust about a name but about the money in$ol$ed as well%

Arguments: 8a(an $s /%?orea

8a(an /%?orea

• term =/ea of 8a(an> came to be used while ?orea was under 8a(anese rule around 99

• otherwise originally, this water body was called V/ea of ?orea< or VBast /ea


89/240

89

8a(an> as the standard geogra(hical

term in !arch 200&%(osition or (olicy%

)ut the go$ernments of the ./, the .?,

+rance, "ermany and hina also use the

name =/ea of 8a(an>Y

Oa but go$ernments of these countries ha$e officially stated that naming the sea area between th

?orea and 8a(an should be settled by agreement among the countries concerned%

• The nternational Eydrogra(hic 7rganisation E7C Hesolution (ro$ides that if two ormore countries share a gi$en geogra(hical feature for which they cannot agree on acommon name, each of the names should be used to refer to that geogra(hical feature%

• /o if you want to use the term =/ea of 8a(an>, you must simultaneously call it =Bast /ea

ndia

• )ut at the same time, !inistry of BDternal Affairs !BAC is unli#ely to (ursue the matter with the /ur$ey of ndia% howe$er 8a(aneBmbassy would ta#e u( the issue to /ur$eyor "eneralC%

+ood for thought

• ndia can hardly claim that 8a(an is o$erreacting when it is so Iuic# to ta#e umbrage o$er cartogra(hical errors, deliberate andotherwise, related to its territories% (aps sho&ing *zad 5ashmir or *runanchal radesh sho&n in China)$

• t is not uncommon for countries to fight their battles o$er dis(uted territories by (roDy, through ma(s% )ut sometimes ma(s can somany (roblems as they create%

• Hecall the earlier article on /en#a#uKJiaoyu islands hina $s 8a(anC clic# !B

• At the height of that dis(ute between hina and 8a(an o$er islands in the Bast hina /ea, A((le


90/240

90

2% nternational Eydrogra(hic 7rganisation E7C ' mar#sC

3% Jiscuss ndo8a(an relations, in the light of J!, N@T and /ea of 8a(an% 2' mar#sC

Bssay

1% 9ars of nations are fought to change ma(s% )ut wars of (o$erty are fought to ma( change%

2% !a(s can sol$e as many (roblems as they create%


+ifth "eneration Aircrafts, /henyang 831: !eaning, m(lications

9hat is +ifth "eneration +ighter Aircraft +"+AC;

• !icrosoft has $arious generations of o(erating systems: 9in5', R@, Sista, 9in- and 9in /imilarly aircraft too ha$e generations%

• +ourth "eneration Those de$elo(ed from 150s onwards%

• 'th generation200' onwards

• 'th "eneration aircraft is $ery hard to be detected using radars /tealth technologyC%

• They carry more fire(ower, s(eed, ad$anced com(uter systems, com(ared to (re$ious generations $

7wners of +ifth "eneration +ighter Aircraft +"+AC;

http://mrunal.org/2012/11/diplomacy-fifth-generation-aircrafts-shenyang-j-31-meaning-implications.htmlhttp://mrunal.org/2012/11/diplomacy-fifth-generation-aircrafts-shenyang-j-31-meaning-implications.html


91/240

91

./A +22: in ser$ice since 200'%+3' still under de$elo(ment%

hina

/till under de$elo(ment

1% 820 hengduC

2% 831 /henyangC

t is un#nown if the 831 is meant to be a com(etitor to the 820 stealth fighter or a com(lement to it%

Hussia /u#hoi @A? +A T'0C /till under de$elo(ment%

ndia /u#hoiKEAL +"+A /till under de$elo(ment

@a#istan Lol* but they might 6ust buy +3' using ./ donation money% And some re(orts say they


92/240

92

• 7ther nic#names: "yrfalcon, +alcon Bagle%

• Wy in Ne$s( )ecause in No$% 2012, the BD@resident of ndia Jr%?alam went to hina%

• Ee was su((osed to $isit A$iation ndustry or(oration of hina ASC, this com(any is de$elo(ing the 831%

• )ut later, hinese authorities canceled his $isit to that com(any%

• /ome eD(erts belie$e that hinese "o$ernment wanted to a$oid eD(osure of 831 to ndia


93/240

93

• )ut still it is a fourthgeneration aircraft cannot match +ifth "eneration hinese 831 aircraft in a combat%

• /ame goes for Te6as, it is fourth "eneration and still under de$elo(ment%

/u#hoiKEAL +"+A

• This is fifth generation aircraft%

• 8ointly de$elo(ed by ndiaHussia%

• @roblem: rising cost about 30 billionC, ndia had to cut down order from 200 to 1&&%

• .nli#ely to be combat ready before 2020% gi$en Hussia


94/240

94

Any discussion on this to(ic is useless, unless and until you #now the ma( of region li#e the bac# of your hand%

@alestine A (atch of land between srael and 8ordan%

8erusale

m

ity located within @alestine region, it is the sacred (lace for hristians, !uslims and 8ews%8erusalem is the a(ital of srael,

although not recogni*ed by some countriesC%

Tel A$i$ /econd largest city after 8erusalem%

?nesset Name of srael


95/240

95

• There are many ways to achie$e im(erialism: one of them is colonialism that is what )ritishers did in ndia and Africa% olonialismmeans (ractice of acIuiring colonies by conIuest warC or (urchase or any other thuggery and ma#ing them de(endent on your homcountry .?C%

• After end of /econd 9orld 9ar, most of the colonies achie$ed inde(endence% )ut nowadays the (owerful nations such as ./ and hcoloni*e (oor countries $ia (ro$iding financial aids, wea(ons to #ill o((osing sectsKtribes, installing (u((et regime etc% this is #nowas Neo!Colonialism&

9hy im(erialism and colonialism;

1% +or getting free labourers to wor# cotton gins% sla$e tradeC

2% To establish mono(oly of trade o$er with gi$en country e%g% ndia


96/240

96

&% Hussia 7ctober re$olution Lenin in (ower, 9ithdrew from warC

'% taly

% 8a(an Fsome misc% nations

&% 7ttoman Bm(ire led to ?hilafat mo$ement in ndi

• @rior to +irst 9orld war, the 8erusalem and surrounding @alestine region was under the control of 7ttoman Tur#s%

• )ut as you can see from abo$e table, they had sided with entral @owers "ermanyC in +irst 9orld 9ar%

• Juring the course of +irst world war, )ritish army ca(tured 8erusalem and (ut this @alestine region under military administration%

• This created resentment among the Nati$e Arabs residing in @alestine% Bs(ecially after the 8ewish (eo(le started immigrating here, to the o((ression by Eitler%

The Treaty of Sersailles 1515C

After the war, the Allied nations held a conference in Sersailles, near @aris in +rance%

The Allied nations ./,.?,+ranceC forced "ermany to sign this treaty else face another military in$asion% /o "ermany had to sign this

umuliating treaty under which

1% The coal mines of "ermany were transferred to +rance

2% "ermany cannot maintain an army bigger than one la#h troo(s%

3% "ermany cannot build airforce or submarines%

&% olonies of "ermany, were ta#en o$er and distributed among the Allied nations%

'% "ermany had to (ay ' crore as warre(aration to these Allied Nations% om(ensation for in6uryC%

Ey(erinflation

• The "erman economy had already colla(sed due to hea$y loss of man and material during 9orld 9ar %

• The treaty of Sersailles only added insult to this in6ury%

• Juring this time, "erman "o$ernment resorted to =(rinting more currency>% Name of "erman currency!ar#C

• That led to hy(erinflation because truc# load of (a(ercash on one side but not truc#load of (otatoes on the other sideC%

• /o (a(er currency lost its $alue% hec# this (hoto: A "erman woman burns currency, because its (a(er was chea(er fuel than coalY


97/240

97

This is 'yperinflation!

Hesult of Ey(erinflation

1% A loaf of bread that cost 20,000 mar#s in the morning would cost ',000,000 mar#s by nightfall%

2% Hestaurant (rices went u( while customers were eating%

3% t too# &%2 trillion "erman mar#s to buy a single American dollarY

&% A lifetime of sa$ings would no longer buy e$en a railway tic#etY

'% @ensions (lanned for a lifetime were wi(ed out com(letely%

Hise of Eitler

• Juring these hard times, Eitler used to attract "erman crowds with his charismatic and fierce s(eeches%

• Ee wanted "ermany to withdraw from Treaty of Sersailles%

• Ee identified 8ew as the enemy res(onsible for all of "ermany


98/240

98

• 1533, Eitler became hancellor of "ermany% 9ithin a wee#, Ee dismissed all 8ews from ci$il ser$ices%

Na*ism

• Now in (ower, Eitler started economic reconstruction of "ermany on one hand and simultaneously the =racial (urification> on the hand%

Eis main (oliciesKbeliefs were following

1% 7ne (arty rule: all the o((osition leaders #illed, 6ailed or eD(elled from "ermany%

2% om(lete ban on ommunist acti$ities, Trade unions and Labour stri#es% This was done to increase industrial out(ut and ma#e "er warready%

3% Ee o(enly defied treaty of Sersailles, by increasing troo(s in the army, construction of submarines, aircrafts etc%

&% Ee made friendshi( (acts with unha((y nations from the Allied gang: taly and Hussia%

'% Ee decided to unify all "ermans(ea#ing areas of Buro(e%

Bugenics, 8ews

• Bugenics means selecti$e breeding of humans%

• Eitler


99/240

99

• n 15&2, Eitler decide to get = final solution to the e&ish problem$>

• All the 8ews were rounded u( by /ecret @olice "esta(oC%

• The (hysically fit 8ewish men were sent to wor# in labour cam(s to aid "erman war (roduction during /econd 9orld warC,

• 9hile (regnant women, young children, the elderly, handica((ed and sic# were #illed in gaschambers%

• Eolocaust is the term used to describe this mass murder of 0 la#h 8ews under Na*i regime from 15&1 until 15&'%

• n many nations of Buro(e, it is a criminal offense to say that = 'olocaust did not happen%> /ome (oets, authors, fashion designers aother self-proclaimed intellectuals cum drug addicts ha$e denied holocaust and run into legal trouble%

• ranian @resident Ahmedini6ad also Vdenied Eolocaust


100/240

100

3% f you Allied cham(ions:./,.?C allow 8ews to settle in @alestine, it


101/240

101

• Arab nations o((osed this resolution%

• The ionists welcomed the (artition (ro(osal because it recogni*ed a 8ewish state and because it allotted more than half of westof8ordanC @alestine to them%

• /oon after the .N resolution, rioting and ci$il war bro#e out in @alestine, between the nati$e Arab and 8ews% Oou can imagine thehardshi( of (eo(le similar to (artition of ndia@a#istan%

)irth of srael, 15&

• As the ci$il war, rioting, murder, loot, (lunder, assassinations s(read, on 1&th !ay 15&, the Last )ritish high commissioner left @ale

• mmediately, the ionist leaders declared srael a free Nation% 9ithin a few hours, ./A also recogni*ed srael as a nation%

• n the u(coming days, the Arab nations: /yria, 8ordan, raI, and Bgy(t sent their armies but were defeated by sraeli forces% this is#nown as 9irst Israel!Arab WarC


102/240

102

9est )an#

• Hecall that .N "eneral Assembly had fa$ored the (artition of @alestine region into an Arab /tate and a 8ewish state%

• 9hile 8ewish /tate sraelC came into eDistence, but there was no @alestine Arab /tate because @alestinian Arabs were not organi*edunli#e ionists, they lac#ed the money and gun (ower of their own% They relied on the armies sent by /yria, 8ordan, raI, and Bgy(tfight for their cause%

• The (roblem was: 9hat to do with 8erusalem city;

• After The +irst sraelArab war, the 8erusalem city and surrounding was di$ided between srael 9estC and 8ordan BastC%

• 9est )an# is the region on the west side of 8ordan Hi$er%

• +rom 15'0 to 15- it was ruled by 8ordan%

• )ut srael ca(tured it in 15-


103/240

103

• These are called @alestinian ArabC refugees%

• Juring the first sraelArab war, the Bgy(tian army had ca(tured "a*a stri(% )ut n 15-


104/240

104

• They want to destroy srael and the create an slamic state in @alestine%

• The Jifference between Eamas and @L7 both started as militant mo$ements for @alestinian Arabs )ut @L7 has almostC ceased $iolence while Eamas continues to remain armed and dangerous%

7slo Accords, 1553


105/240

105

After many rounds of tal#s, sraeli "o$ernment and Oasser Arafat


106/240

106

• n this clash, more than 1,000 were #illed% +inally srael and Eamas declared a unilateral ceasefire%

• /ince then "a*a stri( is in control of Eamas but srael has bloc#ed the whole area with huge wall%

!a$i !armara incident, 2010

• /ome N"7s, @eace wor#ers wanted to deli$er food, other humanitarian aid and construction materials to "a*a refugees%

• They came by sea using a shi( named avi armara, wanted to land on "a*a stri( )ut were interce(ted by sraeli military%

• Bach side accused other one for starting trouble% Led to much u(roar about human rights $iolation%

• This was as#ed in .@/


107/240

107

• ndia su((orts a united, inde(endent, $iable, so$ereign state of @alestine with Bast 8erusalem as its ca(ital, li$ing within secured anrecogni*ed borders side by side at (eace with srael%

153 ongress wor#ing committee sent greetings to @alestine and on 2-th /e(tember first obser$ed @alestine day%

1535 /ession of N ado(ted a resolution on @alestine and loo#ed forward to the emergence of an nde(endent democratic state in @alestin which 8ews rights would be (rotected% ndia was the member of .N s(ecial committee on @alestine%

15-&ndia became the first non U Arab country to recogni*e the @alestine Liberation 7rgani*ation @L7C as the sole and legitimate

re(resentati$e of the @alestine (eo(le%

15

0

"7 announced in @arliament ndia


108/240

108

a% 8ordan and Bgy(t

b% Lebanon and 8ordan

c% /audi and ran

d% Bgy(t and Lebanon

% +ind correct /tatement

% "ulf of AIuaba is lin#ed with Hed /ea

% "ulf of /ue* is lin#ed with Hed /ea

a% 7

Diplomacy Notes

Documents

Transcript of Diplomacy Notes