Diploma in Computer(A Excellent Beginners Guide)

8/22/2019 Diploma in Computer(A Excellent Beginners Guide)

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A Excellent Beginners Guide

(Diploma in Computers)Introduction Computer & ITMS-Windows XP / 7

MS-Office(Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Access)Internet & E-mail

By : Sri. Lingaraj Sahoo

IT ConsultantFor

Netknowledge Computers

109, Samantarapur, BBSR-2

Ph: 9937339014

Email : [email protected]


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9937339014, 2340718 (R)e-mail : [email protected]

About IT From My Pen.

In the present day the management scenario is computer based.Whether in a Developed Country or Developing Countries, the Computershave changed the lifestyle significantly even of a common man. Surprisinglyour way of living, way of learning and also way of working are changingovernight. Now the people prefer to spend their valuable time in browsingInternet rather than reading magazines, discussing with friends, attendingthe seminars, watching TV programs and so on.Existing traditional business procedures changed into Paperless Electronicmedia. In industry line the display of products move from market place tocyber Space. Like wise all over the world the people already realized theneed of Information Technology in their day-to day life.

Here are Some people for whom Computer is Working.. Publishers lay newspapers, books & magazines on It. Teachers plan Timetable on it. Architects Draw building plans. Trainers develop training material on them. Authors write book on them. Editors edit Videos on it. Salesman keeps customers records. Accountants do book keeping with it. Musician Compose Music on it. Script Writer write Script on them. We can play game on it.

Information Technology

Computer Technology :-

A computer is a programmable, multi user machine that accepts data, rawfacts and figures and processed or manipulates it into information that wecan use. Its purpose is to speed up problem solving and increaseproductivity.


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Communication Technology :-

Communication or telecommunications technology consists of

electromagnetic devices and systems for communicating long distances.Before 1950s computer technology and communication technologydeveloped independently since then, however they have gradually fusedtogether, producing a new information environment.Components of Information Technology :-

1.People ( Computer Professional, End-user)2.Procedures (Guidelines or rules, Documentations )3.Data/Information ( Datas are the raw material, which further processedor manipulated by Computer to get Information )4.Hardware ( All the Physical parts of a Computer)5.Software ( All the logical part of a Computer )6.Communications ( It refers to the electronic transfer of data from oneplace to another )

The Summery Computers and Communications combine to give IT, by which the

use of information becomes far more efficient. It is a term which Describes anything you can do with the

use of Computer Applications. The use of Computer Application with the Communication Technology

gives more meaning to Information Technology. Information Technology means the Whole World is with you. The use of paper Currency is Replaced with Electronic Currency and

Paper full office replaced with a paperless office are the bestexamples of IT.

Defining a ComputerA Computer is a Device capable of performing computations and

making logical decisions at speeds millions, and even billions, of timesfaster than human being.

It is an electronic Device which works according to the instructiongiven by the user.


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It is an electronic Device which takes input from the user, processedit and give the output to the user.

It is a Device which consists group of integrated parts having onecommon Objective. That is why it is known as a System.

Branches of Computer Science

1. Hardware: All the physical part of a Computer which you cantouch and feel.

2. Software: All the logical part of a Computer which we cannottouch or feel but when it run we can see the output and work onit.

Advantages of Computer :-

1.Speed More than human beings.2.Accuracy Does not make Mistake.3.Storage Capacity High storage capacity.4.Diligence It can perform repetitive tasks without beingbored. The efficiency doesn't decrease after year used.

Disadvantage of Computer :-1. It cannot take alternative decision.2. It cannot function with their own

Hardware parts of a Computer

Monitor ( VDU- Visual Display Unit) Mouse Keyboard CPU ( Central Processing Unit) Printer Floppy Disk Compact Disk ( CD )Pen Drive Speaker MicrophoneCD WriterPen Drive


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ModemLCD (Liquid Crystal Display)ScannerPlotterLight PenTouch ScreenUPS

Visual Display Unit (VDU):

Is an output device It is the Monitor These are of 2 types CRT & TFT. The TFT monitor is gaining the market now. Is used to :

Communicate processed results Display messages to the user

Is similar to a TV screen Can display:

Text images Graphic imagesThe Display can be in Black & White or in Color, These are available in15,17 & LCD Monitor.Mouse

An input device used to point and select objects on the screen Moving it causes a corresponding movement of the Pointer on the

screen. These are of Mechanical & Optical.

Keyboard : It is an input Device. Through which user can give input to the

Computer. A Blinking Cursor indicate the Starting point from whereactually you can start Typing from the Keyboard.

They are different in no. of keys. It is equivalent to the Type writer Key Structure.

Printer:

Is an Output Device Is capable of printing at very high speeds


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Produces output on paper (Hard copy) for later reference Can be:

Dot matrix Ex : Epson LX-1000 Ink-jet Ex : HP Deskjet 5700 Series Laser Ex : HP Laserjet 1010, 1020

Dot Matrix Printer :These are inexpensive but noisy. They can print textand graphics. It can also made to print in color by changing the ribbons.Ink jet Printer : These are economical printers. It doesn't make anynoise. It can give both color and Black printouts.Laser Printer :These printers are produce a high quality output both textand graphics. Laser printers are used a light beam to form images on thepaper using a Toner ink as the medium.The speed of the printer is measured in terms of CPS( Characters perSecond), LPS ( Lines per second ), PPM( Pages per Minute).Compact Disk ( CD ):

It is also a reliable storage media used for storing the Data. These are of 2

types Write Once Read many times & Write many times. A normal CD canstore 650 or 700 MB of data. To read the CD we only need a CD-ROMDevice but to Read & Write we need a CD Writer.Speaker : It is an output device used to produce sounds. These are of 2types Internal & External. A internal speaker is available inside the CPU, itproduce a beep sound if you will commit any wrong Software operation.Also used for producing sounds for some Computer Game Programs. Aexternal speaker is used to produce the real sound from multimedia

programs, Audio CD, Video CDs.Microphone : A microphone is used to record the voice or any sound inComputer memory. It just like the normal Microphone. It can treated as aInput device.CD-Writer : It is a Device used to read & write to the to the CD-ROMS.If you have a CD-Writer in your system then you don't need a CD-ROMDrive.Scanner : It is an input device. There are a number of situations when

some information ( Picture & Text ) is available on paper and is needed on


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the Computer for further manipulation. This can be done using a Scanner.It scans the image and store it in the Computer Memory so that we can

further edit it.

Inside CPU:-1. SMPS: ( Switched Mode Power Supply) It converts the AC input of

230 V to DC of 5 & 10 Volts.2. Exhaust Fan : The SMPS has a small fan to cool the SMPS unit.3.Speaker : It is a sound producing system, If you will do any wrong

operation then it will create a beep sound.

4.Motherboard : It has following components : Microprocessor, Clock,Memory ( RAM, ROM), Bus, Ports.Microprocessor :This is the important chip on the Motherboard. Theentire design of the PC is based on this chip. It can take in data,perform arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, etc and sendout the result.

Company :

Intel Pentium Cyrix CeleronAMD

Available in 600 MHz, 700 MHz, 800 MHz, 1 GHz, 1.5 GHz, 2 GHz, 2.4 GHz, 2.66 GHz

Clock :It is used to measure the speed of the Computer. The unit ofmeasurement is MHz.Memory :-Memory is the media where Computer stores and executethe data & instructions. The Unit of Measurement is Bit and Byte. The

Computer can work with 2 states ON & OFF. Hence, it uses just 2 digits,0 & 1, to perform its operation and store data. This 0 & 1 is known as bit(Binary Digit). The collection of 8 Bits = 1 Byte. 1 Byte can store 1character. Other measuring Units are : -

Kilobyte (KB): equal to 1024 bytes Megabyte (MB): equal to 1048576 bytes Gigabyte (GB): equal to 1073741824 bytes

Memory are of 2 type Internal & External.


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Internal Memory

1. RAM : This memory used by the Computer to manage itself. This

is the area computer uses for holding the Programs and their datawhile it is working on them. It stands for Random Access Memory. Itis volatile. The contains of RAM losses when you switch off theComputer. We can installed 256 MB, 512 MB, 1 GB, 2 GB of RAMin our PC.2.ROM : Stands for Read Only Memory. It contain permanentlyrecorded instructions that are vital for starting up the Computer.One set of instructions found in ROM called the ROM-BIOS whichstands for Read-Only Memory Basic Input Output Services.

External Memory Is also referred to as secondarystorage Enables data and instructions to be stored permanently Capacities are large Is available in the following forms:

Floppy disks

Hard disksPen DrivesCartridge tapesCD-ROMSDVD

Floppy Disk:

It is a Storage Device, If you want to store some Data then you can usethis device. It is of 2 types according to the size 3.5 inch & 5.12 inch. The

1st one used widely. It can store 1.44 MB of Data. Now a days it is not areliable device for storing data.Hard Disk:

It is the most reliable media for storing anything. Software's are storedhere only. It is available inside the CPU. Now a days hard Disks areavailable in 80 GB, 160 GB & 250 GB shapes. We can go for Samsung orSeagate Hard disk drives.1 byte=8 bits

1 kilobyte(kb)=1024 bytes


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1 megabyte(mb)=1024 kilobytes or ~1,000,000 bytes

1 gigabyte(gb)=1024 megabytes or~1,000,000,000 bytes

1 TERABYTE (TB)= 1024 gigabutes or ~1,000,000,000,000 bytes1 petabyte (pb)=1024 terabytes or~1,000,000,000,000,000 bytes

Pen Drives :-It is a very small storage device used for storing data through USB ports.A Pen drive can store up to 16 GB of Data. For Window XP/7 it can bedirectly used but for Windows 98 systems a Software required to installto read write data to the Pen drive.

Cartridge Tape

Is made up of plastic films, coated with magnetic material Stores data sequentially Offers high storage capacities at relatively low costs Is ideal as a backup medium

Is not recommended in cases where data is required at random and athigh speeds Requires a cartridge tape drive to read and write on the tape

BUS :- Communications between the microprocessor and the memorychips as well as other chips found on the Motherboard is accomplishedthrough a set of wires running between them called BUS.PORTS :the I/O devices are connected to the System Unit through ports.These may be Serial or Parallel.

Expansion Slots :Your PC comes with a limited number of Serial & Parallelports for connecting I/O device. The Motherboard has a set of largesockets called expansion slots which help you to attach extra I/O devices.Example if you want to add a TV Tuner card for watching Cable TVPrograms.Classification of Computer

Micro Computer Mini Computer Mainframes Computer


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Supper ComputerMicrocomputers : These are used for word processing, database

management and spreadsheet calculationMinicomputers : These are used for data processing in small organizationand as LAN( Local area Network) servers.Mainframes : These are used for data processing in large organizationsand as a node in WAN( Wide area Network).Supercomputers : These are used for Weather forecasting, weaponsdesigning etc.The other PC range includes Desktops, Laptops, Notebooks and

Palmtops.

Laptop

These are just like a Diary or Small & thin box. Required every thing in as abuilt in features. No need of UPS. Can run without power for a few hours.Now a days HP & Compaq are the company who are producing Laptops inDesktop prices starting from Rs.30000/*.

Software

Hardware without Software is just like Music System without a CDor Cassette.

So to work with the Hardware we need some Software. Software is nothing but a group of Programs stored in a program

file. A Program is nothing but a set of commands or set of instructions

stored in a file. When these Program files are executed we will able to see

something on the Computer Screen.Types of Software

Operating System Software Application Software Compiler Software

Operating System Software


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Is a interface between H/W & User It acts as a command interpreter. A PC without OS cannot function. All the peripherals are controlled by the OS

Examples

Microsoft Windows 95Microsoft Windows 98Microsoft Windows NTMicrosoft Windows 2000Microsoft Windows 2003Microsoft Windows VistaMicrosoft Windows XPMicrosoft Windows 7Linux

Application Software

These S/W are designed for specific purposes and for specific taskslike Billing application, Accounting Applications, Payroll Application,Desktop Publishing, etc.

Apart from this we have some special application Software's that areavailable in the Market like MS-OFFICE ,Oracle, Tally, Lotus SmartSuite, FoxPro, Adobe Page Maker, Corel Draw, Leap Office, AdobePhotoshop, Auto CAD, Macromedia Flash, We can purchase them andwork with that S/W to fulfill our requirements.

With the help of Compiler Software we can Develop ApplicationSoftware for full filling our requirements.

ExamplesDATABASE SOFTWARE

1. MS-ACCESS2. FOXPRO3. ORACLE4. MS-SQL SERVER5. DBASE(Old)

DTP Softwares:


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1. Adobe Mage Maker,2. Corel Draw,3. Leap Office4. Instant Artist5. MS-Publisher

Animation Software's :

1. 3D Studio Max2.Macromedia Flash3.Jasc Software4.Tick-Toc Toe,5. Illusion6.Maya

Accounting Software:-

1. MS MONEY2.TALLY.ERP 93.FOCUS4.

EX- NEXT GENERATION5. WINCA

Web Designing Software's :

1. MS-FrontPage2. Macromedia Dream Weaver

Photo Editing Softwares

1. MS-Photo Editor2. Adobe Photoshop

3. Adobe Photo Deluxe4. Macromedia Director

Computer Viruses

Are software programs that copy themselves onto applicationprograms

Ill-effects of viruses are:Corruption of files and increase in file sizesInterference with the display on the VDUFormatting of the hard disk, resulting in data destruction


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Marking of good sectors as bad or destruction of contents of somesectors

Slowing down of the systemChanging the names of all files to a single name

Anti Virus Softwares

Are programs that detect/remove a virus in a computer System?Examples

1. Norton Anti Virus2.Kaspersky Anti Virus3.MCAFee Anti Virus4.PC CILLIN Anti Virus5.Quick Heal

Compiler Software

Compiler Software is otherwise known as Computer Language. If you want to develop some Application Software then you have to

take the help of Compiler Software's.

Examples: C, C++, JAVA, Visual Basic, C#Different Branded Computer Company

1. Compaq2. IBM PC3. LG4. Samsung5. iNTEX6. HP7. Zenith PC8. HCL9. ACER10.SIMENS (Old)

Assembled Computers(Prices of Different Parts)

1. Processor Intel 2.66 Ghz : Rs. 4650/-

2. Mother Board (Intel) : Rs. 3600/-3. RAM 256 DDR : Rs. 1100/-


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4. Combo Drive : Rs. 1900/-5. FDD( Samsung) : Rs. 300/-

6. HDD 80 GB : Rs. 2600/-7. Cabinet : Rs. 1000/-8. SMPS : Rs. 500/-9. Mouse : Rs. 500/-10.Keyboard : Rs. 400/-11. Speaker : Rs. 300/-12. UPS 1.5 KVA : Rs. 2000/-13. Printer HP Laser Jet 1050 : Rs. 11000/-14. 15 Color Monitor : Rs. 4000/-

Prices can be vary from situation to situations.

The Sample Configuration for a Assemble PC

1. Processor Intel Pentium 2.26 Ghz2. 17 Color Flat Monitor3. Mother Board4. RAM 256 DDR5. CD-Writer 52x6. Floppy Disk Drive7. Hard Disk Drive 80 GB8. Cabinet (Black)9. SMPS10.Mouse ( Scroll 5 Buttons )11.Keyboard12.Speaker13.UPS 0.5 KVA

What are the Different IT Carrier Courses :-

1. DCA ( Diploma in Computer Application )2.PGDCA ( Post Graduate Diploma in Computer Application )3.DIT ( Diploma in Information Technology )4.PGDIT ( Post Graduate Diploma in Information Technology )5.BCA ( Bachelors Degree in Computer Application )6.MCA (Master Degree in Computer Application)


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7.GNIIT from NIIT8.B. Sc.( IT) Bachelors of Science in Information Technology9.M.Sc.( IT) Master of Science in Information Technology10.BE( Comp. Sc ) : Bachelor in Engineering( Computer Science )11.B. Tech ( Comp. Sc.) : Batchelor of Technology (Computer Science)12. O Level, A Label, B Label, C Label from DOCCAE Society Govt. of

India.

Popular IT Institutions: -1. NIIT2.

APTEC3. SSI

4. NICE5. CRAC6. CMC7. SQL8. LCC9. Zed Academy ( Zee Network ) for Animation

IT/Computers Jobs :-1. Computer Programmer(Jr., Sr.)2. System Administrator3. Network Administrator4. Database Administrator5. System Manager6. Web Designer7. Computer Operator8. MIS Executive9. DTP Operator10.Data Entry Operator11.H/W Engineer12.Customer Support Executive

Factors affecting a Good Operating Environment:-1. Uninterrupted Power Supply2. Ear thing3. Dust Free Environment


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4. Efficient Operator

INTRODUCTION

TO

MICROSOFT WINDOWS XP/7

OPERATING SYSTEM

Windows are nothing but the Operating Systems. A user can useWindows 7, Windows 2003, Windows 2000 & Windows XP asOperating System for his PC. Without suitable OS the Computer isuseless.

Now we will discuss how to work with Windows 98/XP OS.After switch on the computer the OS screen you will get is known as

Desktop.On the Desktop you will able to see some graphical picture known as

ICONS like My Computer, My Documents, Re-Cycle Bin and Internet

Explorer.Another thing you will see is the Task Bar on the button of the

screen. From there you can start any program by clicking on the Startbutton on the Task bar.

Before going to do anything just discussed about the Function of a MouseFunctions of Mouse :

Click ( Left) : Press & release left button on the mouse.Double Click : Click the mouse left button twice in rapid on any ICON to

open anything.Click ( Right) : Click on the right mouse button to bring the Drop DownMenu any where.Drag & Drop : Move to an Item, Click the item then press the left buttonand Drag it and release it in the desired position.

Let us discusses how to work with some ready-made packages onWindows 98/XP. These are:

1. Notepad2. Ms Paint

By Sri Lingaraj Sahoo,

B.Com(H), GNIIT, M.Sc(IT),

Ph: 9937339014


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3. Calculator4. Address Book5. Command Prompt6. Accessibility

MagnifierOn Screen Keyboard

NOTEPAD

To start Notepad go to :StartProgramsAccessoriesNotepad (Click)

Now you can type anything here. After typingTo save the files go to:File MenuSave asGive a name of file Save (Click)To close the files go to:File Menu Choose Exit (Click)To open the file again, go to:StartprogramsAccessoriesNotepad (Click)FilemenuOpenChoose your file (Select), Give a click on that click on

open.After opening if you are writing something else the to save it go to :File Menu Click on Save.

MS PAINT

This is application where you can draw some pictures and put sometext also.To open MS PAINT go to:StartProgramsAccessories MS PAINT (Click)

Now you will able to see a pen and some color in below, so choose acolor and draw some picture on the white working area.To Draw:1st click and the drag the mouse.If you want to use other things then see in the left side some

buttons are available take the pointer on each button then youwill able to see its function.

If you want to use them then 1st click on that button you cansave, close and open the file as in case of NOTEPAD.


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CALULATOR

This is program just like your pocket or office Calculator.To open it go to :StartProgramsAccessoriesCalculator (Click).Now you can work with the Calculator with your own. In physical Calculator.You can use the fingertips but here you will use the mouse pointer forevery thing.To get the Scientific Calculator go to :View Menu Choose Scientific (Click).

To close the Calculator. Go to :Right Upper corner of Calculator . Window and click on Button.Command Prompt

This application is used for MS-DOS operating system. In XP MS-DOS isavailable as a application. To open Command prompt go to StartProgramAccessoriesCommand prompt.To exit Give the command as Exit and press the enter key.Address Book

The Address Book provides a convenient place to store contact informationfor easy retrieval. To open the Address Book, click Start, point toPrograms, point to Accessories, and then clickAddress Book.

For information about using the Address Book, click the Help menu inAddress Book.

Accessibility

1. Magnifier- Just work as a Magnifier glass for your PC2. On Screen Keyboard : Using this we can type through the mouse

WordPad

This application is used for formatting a page. To open this application goesto StartProgramsAccessoriesWordPad (Click). Now type something.Now you can use B-Bold, I- (Italic), U- (Underline) Buttons on theFormatting Toolbar to format the Text you have written. Before applyingany function first select the Text.


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Selecting Text

Take your Mouse pointer to the beginning of text then click and Drag tothe desired Position up to which

you want selection. Alternatively you can use Shift + key to select anytext.In the Windows OS every application you will open is a Window. And

every window has a title bar and just below to that Menu bar likeFile, Edit, View etc.

In the left upper corner of each window you will able to see threebuttons.

1. Maximize(A double square symbol) To Maximize the Window.2. Minimize( A _ Symbol) To Minimize the Window.3. Close ( Button) To Close the Window.

In Windows to select anything give a click on that.After the change of color press the enter key to open that item.

Let us know about each part of a Window in Details: Title bar : It isthe top most bar on the Application Window. It displays the Name of the

application with currently opened file. It also contained the 3 buttonsMinimize, Maximize & Restore.The Menu bar :Menus are the key facilitators in Graphics UserInterface. In windows environment, menus play important role. Menus arethe list of Commands or Options.Drop Down Menu :When you will right click on the Desktop you will able tosee a Menu known as Drop Down menu.Pop-Up Menu : These are also known as Sub-menus, When you will click on

any Menu Options, and you will able to see some other menus known as Pop-Up MenuDialog box :Dialog Boxes are the most used menu option in Windowsenvironment. When you will click on any of the Menu options you will able tosee the Dialog Boxes for further Entries.Scroll bar : In some application Windows you will able to see these bars.Example in Word pad application if you will type more than on page then toscroll through the page you need this. These are 2 types Horizontal andvertical.


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The Mouse : The mouse is one of the key actors in handling Windows.With the help of mouse, you can move in your Document, Select & Open

programs, manages all the tasks of Windows environment.

Resizing the Window into different Shapes :-

Windows is a Multitasking OS, So you can open more than one ApplicationWindow at a time on the Desktop.Steps :-

1st open any Applications like Notepad or WordPad. Then Click on the Restore Button to restore the Window. Now take your pointer to the Border of the Window, you will able to

see a both sided arrow. Now click and Drag to resize the Window. Youcan apply this technique to all sides of the Window to Resize.

Open other applications and apply the same method to resizeThem also.

Creation of Folder Desktop

Folder is a area in the Computer memory headed by a name. Inside folder

we can create sub-folder & store files. To create a folder :1. Right Click on the Desktop and go to New2.Then Choose folder.3.Then give a name from the keyboard & press the Enter key.4.To open it double clicks on it.5.In the same manner you can create sub-folders inside the folder also.

To Rename a Folder

1. Right click on the Folder you have created and choose Rename option.2.Now a give a name from the Keyboard to that Folder and press theEnter key.

To Delete a Folder

1. Just right click on that Folder and choose delete option from theDrop Down Menu.

2.Or just click on the Folder and press the Delete key to delete thatFolder.

Creation of Text file on the Desktop

1. Right click on the Desktop and go to new option.


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2.Now Click on New Text Document.3.Now Give a Name to the File that has created and press the Enter

key.4.Now Double click on that file to open it.5.Now write something inside that file and go to File Menu and click on

save option. Now you can close that file.You can apply the same process for rename and delete of file as you aredoing in case of a Folder.Now lets discussed the Different ICONS that are available on yourDesktop. On your Desktop you will able to see many ICONS. What are they? An ICON may represent an application program, a document, a disk driveor several programs group together.To Open a ICON :

Double Click on It.Right Click on It and Choose Open From the Drop Down Menu.Click on It & Press the Enter Key.

Name of These ICONS are :

1.My Computer2.My Documents

3.Re-Cycle bin4.Internet Explorer5.Network Neighborhood/My Network Place

My Computer

Just Double Click on it To Open it, Using this ICON you can access to theDisk Drives( Open Different Storage Devices like (A:)3.5 Floppy Disk, C: (

Hard Disk), D: ( Hard Disk), E: ( Compact Disk) and Change the H/WSettings using Control panel.Using Hard Disk :

1. Hard Disk is one of the reliable storage Media where OperatingSystem Software, Data and Application Software's resides.

2.It is generally mark as the Drive letter C: or D: or More, if your hardDisk is divided into more than one partition.


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3.To open the Data from the Hard Disk, Double click on the MyComputer ICON then Double Click on the C: or D: to see the contents

of Hard Disk.4.You can create Folders to store your files there also.

How to Create a Folder Inside the Hard Disk (C:)

1. Double Click on the My Computer ICON.2. Then Double click on C: to open the Hard Disk3. Then Go to File Menu Click on New Folder(Click)4. Then Give a File name from the Keyboard & press the Enter Key.5. Now you can double click on the Folder you have created to open.

How to Create a File inside a Folder :

1. Just double Click on the Folder you have Created.2.Then Go to File Menu New New Text Document3.Then Give a Name from the Keyboard & Press the Enter Key.4.Now Double Click on the File you have created to Open it.5.Now you can type anything from your keyboard in that file.6.To Save the contents Go to File Menu Save(Click)

How to use a Floppy Disk( A: ) :1.1st Insert the Floppy Disk in to the Drive.2.Double click on the My Computer ICON.3. Double Click on the 3 Floppy (A:)4.Now you will able to see the Contents( Files & Folders) of the Floppy Disk.5.Double click on the Files or Folder to Open it.To Send a file to Floppy Disk :

1.Click on the file to select it.2.Right click on it & choose Send to3.Click on 3 Floppy Disk (A:)To Send a File from Floppy Disk to Desktop :

1. 1st insert the floppy disk into the drive and double click on the MyComputer ICON.

2.Now double click on the 3 ( Floppy Disk ) and you will able to see theContents of the Floppy Disk.


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3.Right click on any Folder or File then choose copy. Now close theFloppy Window and come to Desktop area. Now right click on the

Desktop and click on paste.Using a CD ( Compact Disk) :

1. Insert the CD into CD Drive.2. Then Double Click on the My Computer ICON3. Then Double Click on the E: or CD ICON to open the Contents of

the CD.You can follow the Same process of copying the contents of a CD toDesktop as you are doing in case of a Floppy Disk.My Documents ICON

1. Just Double Click to open it.2. It is a System Folder. You can store your files, folders in this Folder.3. When you will save a file using any application the file will automaticallysaved on My Document Folder.4. You cannot delete this Folder also as other folders.Re-Cycle Bin ICON

It is otherwise known as Windows dustbin. If you will delete any file,folder, ect. then it will not deleted from the Computer.

It will stored in Re-Cycle Bin. If you want it again then you canrestore it from Recycle bin Window.

To restore the file you have deleted, open the Re-Cycle Bin ICONthen click on that file then go to file Menu and Click on Restoreoption.

Internet Explore ICON

It is a Browser Software through which you can Access Internet if yourPC has a Internet connection ready.To Open it Double Click on it.Network Neighborhood/My Network Place ICON

If there is a Computer Network then we can use this ICON to connect toother computer in the Network.

Apart from this we can see some other ICONE as Folder, File, Application

Program, Group of application.


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Desktop Settings :-

To arrange the ICONS automatically on the Desktop

1. Right click on the Desktop Arrange ICONS Auto arrange. Oryou can choose By Type, Name ect.

To make auto hide the Taskbar

1. Right click on the Taskbar then Properties then click on the AutoHide Check Box.

To arrange the ICONS inside the My Computer Window

1. Open the My Computer ICONE then go to View Arrange ICONSAuto arrange.

2.You can click on the List option to see the Details about any file orfolder.

While working with Widows 98 Desktop you can change the followingthings:

1. Desktop Background2. Screen Saver

3. Appearance

Desktop Background Setting :-

To Change the Desktop Background :1. Right click on the Desktop => Properties.2.From the Dialog Box appear Click on the Background Button and

Choose the Wallpaper then Click on OK.3.To make it more attractive you can Choose Center, Tile, Stretch from

the Display Box.Screensaver :-Screen Saver is a Graphics that will active automatically if

you will not touch the Computer for a particular time period.To Set the Screensaver :

1. Right Click on the Desktop then Click on the Properties.2.Click on the Screensaver button the upper part of the Dialog Box.3.Now choose the Screensaver from list of Screensavers given in the

Box


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To change the Windows appearance :-

Windows appearance is nothing but the Appearance, Size, Color of the

Windows.1. To set the Windows appearance right Click on the Desktop then Click

on the Appearance button.2.Now Choose the Scheme, Item, Font from the respective Boxes.3.Now click on apply to see the Effect.

Lets discussed some of the advanced options of the Start Menu:-

1. Documents2. Find/Search3. Run4. Shut Down/Turn Off5. Help & Support

About Documents Option :-

This option will show you the previous files you have open or work on it. Youcan click on any file to open it. If you want to clear the contents of theDocument option then follow the following steps :-

1.Write click on the Taskbar and choose Properties.2. Now click on the Start menu Programs.

3. Now from the Document Menu Box click on the Clear Button.About the Find/Search Menu Option :-

1. Using this option you can find any Folder or File you have createdany where on the Hard Disk.

2. To do this click on the Find then Files and Folder option.3. Now on the Name box write the File or Folder name and click on

find now. After a few time you will able to see your file or Folderand its path also. You can double click on the file or folder to openit directly.

Properties setting of File & Folder

1. Just right click on the file or folder then click on the propertiesoption.

2. Here you will able to see the file or folder size.3. From the attribute part you can click on 1. Read only


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Windows Media Player( Win XP )

Using Windows Media Player you can Play a movie file.

To play a CD what you have to do is :Go to Start Program Accessories Entertainment WindowsMedia Player ( Click )Now Go to File menu Open Browse From Look in Box Choose theD:(Volume Label) Mpegv From Files type Choose All files. Nowwhatever you will see Double click on that and you will able to see somevideo on the Windows Media Player.CD Writing :-

1st insert the CD-R or CD-RW into the drive. Copy the file you want towrite Open My Computer Open CD-RW Drive Paste the files youhave copied Now from the CD Writing task Pan SelectWrite these files to CD Next Finish.

Another Operating System which is gaining the popularity now a days isLINUX which is more like MS-WINDOWS OS.In Branded Computer the licensed version of the OS comes free. But in

case of a assembled computer we have to purchase the licensed version ofthe OS.Those who are using MS-Windows XP the working environment littledifferent, but if we will change the option then we can work like windows98. To change like Windows 98 interface Right click on the Desktop =>Properties => Appearance => From Windows & Button Combo Box chooseWindows classic style=>Apply.Introduction to MS-OFFICE

MS-OFFICE is a application Package; the best one for office work is aproduct of MICROSOFT CORPORATION USA. The Family Members ofMS-Office are :

o MS WORD (For Creating a Text file)o MS EXCEL (for Creating a Data File)o MS POWERPOINT(For creating a Graphics File)o MS ACCESS ( For Database Management )

There are different versions like :


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Office 95, Office 97, Office 2000, 2003, Office XP, Office 2007 &Office 2010 available in the market.

These are different in their features. But the environments and theWorking is totally same.MICROSOFT WORD 2003

MS-WORD is basically a Word Processing Package. If you want to write a letter and make that letter some what attractive

by inserting a picture and WordArtthen you can choose this application.You can also use this application for Desktop Publishing.

To open MS-WORD Go to :

Start ProgramsMICROSOFT WORD(Click).Now write some text on the workspace. If you want to format the textthen 1st select the text by taking the pointer to the beginning of text thenclick and drag. Otherwise you can use the Shift + key to select any text.Now you can go to :Format menu Choose Font Option Now you can choose

Font, Font Style, Font Size, Font color, Underline Style, EffectThen OK (Click).To Save the written things

Go to File Menu Save As Give a file name Click on Save Butt ton.1. To open the File again Go to File menu Select Open Then Click on your File name Then Click on Open.2. To move the Text from one Place to another :

Select the Text Edit Copy Put the cursor where you want to paste

the text Edit Paste.

3. To set the borders & Shadings :

Select the Text Format Borders & Shadings Select the type ofBorder Select the Style Select the Color Select the width Select on Shadings tab Select the Color Select the Style Selectthe Color OK.4. To Set the Bullets :


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Select the Text Format Bullets & Numbering Select the Type ofBullet OK.

5. To insert a picture :Go to Insert Menu PictureClip ArtClick On a Category Then

right click on the pictureThen click on Insert.

5. To Insert a Table :

Go to Table Menu Insert Table Then provide the No of Rows &Columns Click on OK.6. To Insert New Rows/ Column:

Select the Rows/Column before which you want to Insert Table Insert Rows/columns.7. To Delete the Rows/Column :

Select the Row/Column which you want to Delete Table Delete Tableor Rows or Columns.8. To Correct the Spellings :

Go to Tools Spelling & Grammar Select the Text from Suggestion Boxif you think that the word is spelt wrong Change If according to you

the spelling is not wrong then click on Ignore After Checking of theentire document is over the Spelling & Grammar box will be closedautomatically.9. To Set the Page Margins :

Go to File Menu Page Setup Enter the values in the Top , Bottom, left& Right boxes Click on the Page Size Tab select A4 size in paper Sizebox.10. To Print the Document :

File Print Select the Option from Page Range box Enter the No. ofCopies in the Number of Copies Box OK.MICROSOFT EXCEL 2003

Ms Excel is a Spreadsheet package which helps to handle table, charts,graphs, statistical analysis, what if analysis and also to provide with linkagewith other MS OFFICE product. Using Ms-Excel you can create a Data file& analysis data.What is Spreadsheets?

Row and column arrangements of data and formula


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Used to perform complex data analysis Used to generate graphs Also known as worksheets Can be used for a variety of applications like: Business forecasts Inventory control Accounting Complex scientific applications Have automatic recalculation features

Introduction to Excel

Excel is:- A Windows-based spreadsheet package Used for all standard spreadsheet applications

Features of Excel are:- Auditing Data entry forms Large data management capacity

Powerful data analysis featuresBefore using Ms-Excel we have to familiar with certain technical termswhich will be used later on. Those are given below.

Work SheetWork BookCell

Work Sheet :Work Sheet is nothing but grid of rows and columns. Itlooks like a table. A work sheet can contain 256 column and 65536 rows.

We can enter data and formula into work sheet . All sort of calculation canbe done on this work Sheet.Work Book : Work Book is nothing but a collection of work sheet. Aworkbook can have 255 work Sheet.Cell :Cell is the intersection of a row and a column.

We will discussed following Topics in MS-Excel

Opening MS EXCEL Opening a Work Book Entering Data, Opening and Saving files.


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Working with formulas Formatting data Preparing Graphs and Chart Printing Work Sheet, charts, graphs Using functions Linking Data.

Shut Cut Ways for MS-EXCEL

1. To start MS-EXCEL :StartProgramsMicrosoft Excel

2. To Enter the Data :Select cellStart Typing

3. To Prepare the Salary Table :Enter the DetailsWrite the formulas in the Respective Cells THIS WILL EXPLAINED BY ME BY TAKING A PROBLEM INTO

CONSIDEARATION.4. To Prepare the Chart for the Salary Table :

Prepare the Table

Select the Table

Insert

Chart

Selectthe Chart Type Select the Chart Subtype Next Selecteither Rows or ColumnsNext Enter the Chart Title Enterthe name of X axis in Category(X) axis box Enter the name of Yaxis in Category(Y) box Finish.

5. To Change the Text Settings:Select the text Format Cells Click on the Font tab Select the Font Style Select the font Size

Select the Type of Underline Select the color OK.6. To Set the Border and Shadings:

Select the text Go to Format Menu Cells Click on theBorder Tab Select the Style Select the Color Select thePattern OK.

7. To find the Subtotals and Grand Totals of the Data :Prepare the Details Select the Data Go to Data Menu Sort Select the category based on which you want to sort in sort by


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Box OK Data Subtotals YES Select the Categorybased on

which you want to Calculate in the At Each Change inboxSelect the sum in used function box Select the

Category which you want to add subtotal to box OK.8. To Create a Form :

Type the headings of the form in each of the column cell Selectthose cells Data Form OK Enter the data Click on Newbutton if you want to add more details After completing all the

data, click on OK.9. To print the Sheet :

Select the data area then go to File Print From Print Whatbox click on the Selection radio buttons OK.

10. To Give Security to the Excel FileGiving Security means nobody can open your file. To do that Go toTools Option menu choose Security tab On password to openbox give a password Then again re-enter the password to

conform OK. Now Go to File Save.Now if will open the file again it will ask for the password. Give thepassword and enter into your file, if it is yours.

MICROSOFT POWERPOINT 2003

Is a component of Microsoft Office Is used to create professional-quality presentations on:Transparencies

Paper

35mm slides Photo print

Has the following improvements: Powerful new wizards that simplify and speed up complex and time-

consuming processes Increased multimedia support, including a new Animation Toolbar

Starting PowerPoint

The steps to activate PowerPoint are:


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Click on the Start button in the taskbar Select the Programs option from the Start menu Click on the Microsoft PowerPoint option

This invokes MS PowerPointCreating a Blank Presentation

The steps to create a blank presentation are: Select the New option from the File menu

The New Presentation dialog box is displayed Select the General tab and double-click on the Blank Presentation

iconThe New Slide dialog box is displayed

Select a suitable layout and click on the OK buttonOpening an Existing Presentation

The steps to open an existing presentation are: Select the Open option from the File menu

The Open dialog box will displayed Select the appropriate drive and folder

Type the name of the file to be opened in the File name text box orselect the file from the list Click on the Open button

Saving a Presentation

The steps to save a presentation are: Select Save option from the File menu

The Save dialog box will display

Enter the file nameAs you enter the file name, the Save button gets activated Click on the Save button

To close a presentation, select the Close option from the File menuExiting PowerPoint

The steps to exit from PowerPoint are: Select Exit option from the File menu

Shut cut to Power Point


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1.To Start MS-PowerPoint :Start Programs Click on Microsoft PowerPoint.

2. To Create a Presentation :After Starting MS-PowerPoint, Click on Blank Presentation OK Choosea slide from auto layout OK.3. To Insert another Slide :

Go to Insert MenuNew SlideSelect the Slide from the AutoLayout OK4. To Change the Text Setting :

Select the Text Format Font Select the Font Name Select thefont Style Select the Font Size Select the Color OK.5. To select the Design in the Background :

Format Apply design Temples Select the design Apply.6. To change the Background Color :

Format Background Click on Color Fill Effects Texture Choose One StyleOk.7.To set the Animation for the Text :

Go to Slide Show Menu

Custom Animation

Click on No Effect Box

Choose the effectOK.8. To set the Slide Animation & Timings :

Slide Show Slide transaction Select the Effect from No TransactionBox Click on either Slow, Medium or Fast Click on Mouse click Box orAutomatically After Enter the Seconds in Second Box Select soundfrom the Sound box Apply.9.To view the Show, Two Methods :

Go to View Menu Slide ShowGo to Slide Show menu View Show.

************************************************************************************************************************************Database Management Using

MS-ACCESS 2003

Introduction to DBMS

Database:


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Is a computer term for a collection of informationconcerning a:

Topic Business application

Helps you to organize related information in a logical manner for easyaccess and retrieval

Can store information as: Lines of text Picture Sound

Data management involves: Creating Data files Adding Data Modifying Data Deleting Data

Software that allows you to perform these functions is known asDatabase Management System (DBMS)

DBMS: Is the collection of data and the programs that: Helps you to retrieve the data Perform operations on the data

Database:

Is the container for the data and associated objects Includes:

Tables Queries Forms Reports

A Table:

Stores data in a row-and-column format Every table focuses on one subject Fields in a table are the columns of information A record is a single row of information about a particular entity, like a

book or a customer


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A value is a specific piece of information in a tableCreating of a Database :-

Creation of Database is very simple 1st Open the MS-ACCESSapplication & click on the Blanks Database radio button from theWindow Display & OK.

Now Give a name of the Database and click on Create button.Now the Database Window will Display with all the Database Objects

as Table, Queries, Forms, Report.Now you can close the Database.

Opening the Database :-

To open the Database 1st open the MS-ACCESS application then fromthe window Display click on the Existing File choose your databasename and OK.

Now your Database window will open. Other wise you can cancel this window and Click on File Menu and

choose Open.

Now a Dialog Box will Display. From the Dialog box choose yourDatabase file and Click on Open.Creating a Table Using Design View :-

On the Database Window you will able to see the Table OptionBelow the Object Button.

You will also able to see Open, Design, New Buttons on the Upper line. Now to Create a Table by Double Click on the Create Table on Design

View Option on the Right Side.

Now you will able to see 2 Columns Field Name & Data Type. Enter the Field name as Sl. No, Name, EMPID, DOB( Date of Birth),

Address, Salary, TYS( Total Year of Service) at the Same timechoose the Data Type for the Respective Fields as Auto Number,Text, Date/Time, Text, Currency.

Now Go to File Menu and Click on Save option. Now he will ask forgiving a Table Name. Give the table name as EMPLOYEE and Click onOK then from the Next Box Displayed NO. Now You will able to See

the Table on your Database Window.


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Opening The Table for Data Entry :-

To Enter data on the Table Click on the Table you have Created thenClick on the Open Button. Now you can Enter Data Directly by usingthe Tab key for Going from one field to another.

After entering data click on the save Button. Alternatively you can Double click on the table on the Database

window to Open it Directly. You can Create any number of Tables on your Database.

Creating a Form for Entering Data into the Table :-

From is nothing but a user friendly screen through which you canenter data to the table you have already create.

To create a Form Double Click on the Create Form by using Wizard. Now from the wizard display choose your table name if you have

multiple table on your database. Now Click on >> Button to add all the Fields now click on Next. Now Choose the layouts as Tabular or Columnar and Style also as

anything.

Now Choose the Style as you like after that give a Name For yourform and click on Finish button to finish the Process. Now a Form will created and you can enter data to the Table using

that Form. Youcan also navigate through the Data using the navigateButtons Below.

Creating Query For asking any Questions to the Tables :-

A Query is nothing but through which you can ask a Question to theData you have stored on the Table. Otherwise it is defined as the

Conditional Selection of Data.On the Database Window you will able to see the Query option. Click

on that. Now double click on the Create Query on Design View option. Now Click on the table on which you want to create a Query if you

have multiple Tables. Then click on the add then Close. Now Click on 1st cell on the the Field row and choose the Field from

the table you want to Display just take the field as name and from

the the 2nd cell choose the Salary field. Now in the Criteria cell of


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Salary Field give the condition as > 10000, this will only display onlythose employees who are getting More than 10000 salary.

Now click on the Save option & give a name for your Query. Now aQuery Object you will able to see on the Database Window.

You can Double click on the Query to Open it.Creating a Report using Report Wizard :-

A Report is nothing to present the Data From the table or a QueriesI a meaningful and organized manner.

1st Click on the Report option on the object menu. Now To create a Report Double Click on the Create Report by using

Wizard option Now from the wizard display choose your table name if you have

multiple table on your database. Now Click on >> Button to add all the Fields now click on Next. Now Choose the layouts as Tabular or Columnar and Style also as

anything. Now Choose the Style as you like after that give a Name For your

form and click on Finish button to finish the Process. Now a Report will created and you will able to see the Report name on

your Database Window.

Internet & E-Mails

INTRODUCTION

The Internet is the network of thousands of computer networks. Thenetworks making up the Internet consist of million of computer systems.

These computers and networks communicate by exchanging data accordingto the same rule (protocol) even though the networks and computersystems individually use different technologies.

The Internet has a vast collection of information that can be searched,retrieved & downloaded electronically. This collection includes, data, text,govt. information, company profiles, images, art, medical information,sports, newspapers, journals, study materials, software, advice on all sorts

of topics etc.


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HOW THE INTERNET WORKS

The Internet is a network connecting thousands of other computernetworks. Each network on the Internet has a unique address called IPaddress. The IP addresses are unique; a sequence of four numbers eachbetween 0 to 255 separated by periods.

E.g. 164.100.140.2The Internet is designed so that the computer systems within one

network can exchange information with computers on other networks. Thesets of rules that govern this form of communication are called protocols.

Using the same protocol, different types of networks & computer systemscommunicate with each other. Each computer network & the computersystem need to have the necessary H/W and S/W to deal with theinformation in the form specified by the protocol. Two protocols used forworking with the Internet are Internet Protocol (IP) and TransmissionControl Protocol (TCP).

The Internet is a packet-switched network. The data/information istransmitted from one computer system to another as packets. Packet of

characters (bytes) carries information on the Internet. Each packet hasthe address of the sender and the address of the destination. Theseaddresses are called IP addresses. Using the TCP protocol, a single largemessage is divided into a sequence of packets and each is put into an IPpacket. The packets are passed from one network to another until theyreach their destination. At the destination, the TCP software reassemblesthe packets into a complete message. If packets are lost or damaged, arequest is sent to resend them.

Many of the Internet services operate according to a scheme calledclient/server. A user on one computer system starts a program thatcontacts another remote computer system. The client is the program theuser is running & the server is running on the remote system. The usergives commands to the client, which passes the information to the server.The server interprets those commands and returns information to theclient as requested.


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The networks on the Internet use H/W or a device called router tocommunicate with other networks. The router accepts packets addressed

to it and passes on packets addressed to other networks.DOMAIN NAMES AND ADDRESSES

Networks and computer systems on the Internet exchange data andcommunicate with each other. An address is assigned to each network andeach computer system within a network gets an address based on thenetworks address. These addresses are made up of a sequence of fournumbers separated by periods. E.g. 164.100.140.2. Each number is in the

range of 0 to 255. Starting from the left, the numbers in the addressidentify a network and the numbers in the right identify a specifichost/computer system. E.g. The network portion of the address164.100.140.2 is 164.100.140 and the host computer is 2. In this case thenetwork can have 256 computer systems (0-255) connected. This type ofaddress is called IP address.

This numeric scheme of IP addresses works well for computersystems, but it is difficult for people to remember and type correctly for

every Internet site they need to contact. Therefore, Internet sites alsohave names associated with them. E.g. ori.nic.in. The name is called a domainname. Like the IP addresses, domain names are a sequence of wordsseparated by periods. There are at least two words and can have three orfour or more. The name of the computer system is on the left and thenetwork on the right. This is just opposite of the numeric address system.

The collection of networks making up the Internet is divided intogroups called domains. The domains represent either a type of organization

or a geographical location. E.g. a site in the domain edu would be aneducational institution and a site in the domain tx.us would be in Texas inUS. Each IP address (numeric address) is associated with one or moredomain names. An address specified as a domain name is automaticallyconverted to the IP address.

e.g. ori.nic.in IPaddress 164.100.140.2


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Computer Network

Name NameShort cut to Internet

Is a Network.Is a network of networks.Is a source of information.Is an information super high way that compressed the world in to one

cyber colony.

Is a global collection of computer networks that people used toexchange and locate information?

NETWORKIs a nothing but communication between sender and receiver.A computer network can be established by connecting some

computers through cables.Examples of some network are :

1. Telephone network.2. Cable TV network.

TYPES OF NETWORK

1. LAN (Local Area Network)It can be established within a office or a building.It used cables for connectivity.

2. MAN ( Metro Politan Network)It can be established within a city.Best example is local Cable TV .

3. WAN( Wide Area Network)It is available throughout the world.It uses satellite for the communication.Internet is a best example for this.ISD also.

ADVANTAGES OF NETWORK

Sharing of resources like software and hardwareCommunication


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Security.So Internet is a Network of computers throughout the world.

Informations are stored in different Servers available in different part ofworld.SERVER is nothing but a Computer in which data and informations arestored that can be access by any person has a Internet connection withhim or a connection to the Computer.REQUEREMENTS FOR INTERNET

A PC WITH MULTIMEDIA READYA NO PROBLEM TELEPHONE LINEA MODEMA ISP CONNECTION

ISP : Internet Service provider.Is a company that provides access to the Internet.

Examples : AIRTEL, TATA DOCOMOBSNL ( Bharrat Sanchar Nigam LTD.)ORTEL (SKYVIEW)

AIRCEL, VODAFONE MODEMIf you are browsing the Internet then you have to use telephone line ascommunication media. But in telephone line only ANALOG signal cantransferred. But computer sends DIGITAL signals. So a contradiction iscoming. To avoid this we have to use MODEM. MODEM will convert yourdata into ANALOG form that can be transmit through Telephone line.

MODEM is a device, which will convert the digital signal toanalog and reverse.

MODE OF EXPENCESS IF ( DIAL UP SYSTEM )Here the speed is up to 156 KBPS. If you are browsing Internet

then in 2 mode you have to pay. Ist if you are accessing Net for5 hours then these 5 hrs will cut from your account which youhad taken from any ISP by Paying some amount for 100,200,500 hours like this.


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2nd one you are using the Telephone line for browsing theInternet. So for any nos of hours you are browsing the local

telephone charges will come in your telephone bill for therespective hours..

SOFTWARE REQUREMENT

Windows XP/7 as OS S/WBrowsing S/W through which you can Access Internet.

Internet Explorer(IE)Netscape CommunicatorGoogle ChromeOpera

STEPS TO BROWSE INTERNET

If you have an Internet connection in your PC then a doublecomputer picture will be blinking on your right button corner of

your Task bar you will able to see. In Cyber Caf you will not ableto see this symbols. It will only available on the server.

Then you can double click or open any one of the browsing s/wavailable on your desktop to Browse Internet.

Then on the address bar write any one address of a web site( Acollection of Web-Pages) like

1. www.odishagov.nic.in ( A Govt. of Orissa web-site)2. www.rediff.com ( A commercial web-site)3. www.zeenews.com ( A News giving web site )4. www.manipalit.com ( A University on the Web)5. www.deathclock.com ( It will tell your personal day of Death)6. www.orissakhabar.com ( A web-site on Orissa )7. www.shekhargurera.com ( Go for comedy )

Some Job Portals

1.www.naukri.com2.www.timesjob.com3.www.clickjobs.com4.www.hotjobs.com


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Some News Giving Web-Sites

1. www.ddinews.com (Live Video)2.www.allindiaradio.com3.www.zeenews.com4.www.cnn.com5.www.ndtv.com6.www.ajjtak.com7.www.foxnews.com8.www.bbcworld.org

Do you want to know any results :-

1. http://orissaresults.nic.in2.http://chseorissa.nic.in

Want to know about water in INDIA

www.everythingaboutwater.com

Dr. H2O will give Answer to your Question

Then press the enter key. Now you will able to see some test, pictures,animations. This is known as a web page. And this web page is developed

by HTML language.HTML : Hypertext Mark-up language, A language Used for

developing the Web page that u r able to see When u rbrowsing the Internet.

Another Important thing if you will take your mouse pointer to a particulartest and you will able to see a hand symbol instead of the pointer, that isknown as hyperlink . if you will click here then you will get more informationon that topic, like this you can go to deep and deep and get more

information that you like. AndThat text on which you will click for getting more information is known asHypertext.

In the IE screen u will able to see Back and ForwardToolbar through which u can back to the previous pages uhave already visited and in the same manner also theforwarding.

You can also Print, Save the pages u r visited by going to theFile Menu of IE.


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You can click on the Stop button for stopping visit of the

current page. Then on the address bar write another addressthen press enter key for going to another site.

You can ask one query what are www, .com and .org and .net OK here isthe answer for you.www : World Wide Web ( Is a world wide servers interconnectedthrough out the world).com : Site of a commercial Organization.

.org : A non-profit Govt. organization.

.net : A network.

.edu : Educational Institutions

.co.in : For registered commercial organizations

.gov.in : For govt. organization.

.net.in : For network service provider.These are known as domain names.Are you a Horticulturist ? Go for the following Portals

www.gardenguides.com www.thegardenhelper.com www.plantcare.com www.bgh.com www.hort.net www.garden.org www.gargenweb.com

Broad band Internet Connection

In these type of Internet connection the same telephone line can be usedfor telephone as well as net browsing. There will be no telephone bill forInternet browsing and no need to pay to the Internet Service provider.Only you have to pay a certain amount for certain amount of data. InBhubaneswar BSNL and Ortel is giving Broad Band Services. For Ortel noTelephone line required.E-MAIL DETAILS

E-mail stands for Electronic mails. Through Internet you can sendmessages to a distance place within a minute, For that you have to


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create an e-mail account in any one of the site that provide the e-mail services.

Open www.rediff.com and click on Sign-up for creating a newaccount. Then fill up a form supplied by the site then click onsubmit button.

If your details is accepted then you will get a congratulation msg.with your account details.

e-mail addresses

An e-mail address on the Internet usually has the

form

Local_address@domain _nameThe local address is the users log-in name. That

is followed by the character @ and to its right

is the domain name of the computer system of

the user.

e.g. [email protected]

username domain name

The e-mail has three main parts.

Now you are the existing user.


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Just go to the rediffmal.com and supplied the username andpassword and click on GO or sign in.

Then you will able to go your INBOX where you will able to see theincoming MSGs and you will able to send a MSG to others.

If you want to send a new msg. then click on Compose then you willget the To, CC, BCC and area Box to write the msg. . After writingclick on the Send Button. On To Box write the address of theperson you want to send the msg. CC a copy to another addressand BCC a copy in self-address.

Then you will get the confirmation msg. whether your msg. has goneor failure. If 2nd one then send again and check the address.

For coming out or closing the secession click on the LOGOUTButton.

Some of the sites where you can open your e-mail ID.1. www.sify.com2. www.yahoo.com3. www.zeenext.com4. www.indiatimes.com5. www.hotmail.com6. www.usa.net7.

www.37.comSearch Engines

Search engines are the programs through which you can search informationon a particular word throughout the world. in many of the commercialwebsites you will get a search engine.


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Apart from this we will also get some separate website through which wecan search the world exclusively.

Some popular search engines1.www.goto.com2.www.khoj.com3.www.google.com

WEB DESIGNING USING HTML & MS-FRONTPAGEWeb Designing using HTML

HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. A Platform independenceText formatting language used for designing the Web-Page. The WorldWide Web uses HTML documents for communication. A Web-Page isnothing but a page that will come when you will visit any website. ThatWebsite contain some Web-pages. These WebPages are designed using theHTML language. When you are designing a web page you have to see theFont size, color, style, Body Background, Hyperlinks, Moving Objects &Texts.

Lets discussed the procedure for writing and interpreting a page containingthe HTML code. This is very simple. At first create a Folder under C: (Hard Disk) by giving any name like webdesign.Now open Notepad application and write the HTML code there. Then savethis file under your Folder that you have created by giving a name likexx.htm or xx.html.Now Open the Internet Explorer and on the address bar write the path of

your HTML file. Like C:\webdesign\xx.htm and press the Enter key. Now

you will able to see the page you have designed using html codes.

Lets discussed what a html code or Tag a HTML file contain :-

This is a Sample Web page

Welcome to My Web page


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Remember this code will only written in a Notepad file. A html file willstart with a html tag and end with a html tag also. Title tag means in the

Internet Explore title bar this is a Sample Web page will display. Thenstart the body tag. Inside the body you can write any tag like h1 this isnothing but one size of Font Size. The output of the above code file givenbelow.

Lets discussed some other HTML tags and its effect. One thing Iwant to clear that for writing the HTML tag you can useuppercase letters or lowercase letters.

1. To give the Body background color the Syntax is :

2. To give the body Text color

3. To bring a picture in the Body


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Your text Here

9. To place the Text in the Middle of the page

Your text here

10. If you want to write some thing in the html file but that will not displayon the web-page thenYour Text Here

11. If you want to scroll the Text through the document thenYour Text Here

12. If you want to put a horizontal line in the page then

You can give align right, center also.13. Heading tags, HTML support six levels of Headings.Your Text here

Your Text here

Your Text here

Your Text here

Your Text here

Your Text here14. To make a Hyperlink means if you will click on any word or sentence onthe page then another page will open. To do that :Another PageHere bb.htm is another page that will open if you will click on the wordsAnother Page

15. To Give the Body margin

16. Setting the BGPROPERTIESWhen the bgproperties element is set to fixed, it allows the fixing of thebackground image so that it doesnt scroll as a normal background image.The syntax is :bgproperties=fixed

16. Graphics in the HTML Documents:The image element is used to incorporate in-line graphics into an HTML

Document. The Syntax is :


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17. To write a Sub Script element Example Log10100

Here the base 10 is the Sub script.This part

18. To write the Supper Script element like 53 here 3 is the super script.this part

MS-FRONTPAGE 2000

MS FrontPage is basically a Web Designing Package. It is some whatsimilar to MS Word application with additional designing techniques ascompatible to Web. Here we dont have to write the HTML tags fordesigning. We will just design the page as we are normally working in theMS WORD application. The FrontPage will automatically generate the code.If you want then can view the HTML codes that FrontPage generateinternally.To Start with FrontPage Just go to Start menu in the Taskbar & fromthere Open the Microsoft FrontPage as you are opening the other MSOffice applications.

You will able to see the above screen when you will open the MSFrontPage 2000 Software. Here you will able to see three views Normal,

HTML, Preview. You can use the Normal view to designed the page. You can


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see how the page will looks in the Browser( Internet Explorer).You can usethe HTML view to see what code Front Page is Generating. Now start

typing in Normal view. You can type or design anything you like to makeyour page attractive. For that you can use the Formatting toolbar as well asthe Standard toolbar for putting a Table and Picture on your Web Page.

I will not discuss how to format the page because that is you knowvery well in MS Word application. For that you can refer to MS-Wordmaterial in MS-OFFICE kits. Just type anything then select the Text usingmouse then click on Bold, Italic, etc. Buttons to apply the functions. Afterdesigning the page save the page under one Folder under C: Now you canclose the FrontPage application and directly go to your Folder and open

your file. That will open in Internet Explorer Window.Paragraph Setting :

In FrontPage software the paragraph setting is somewhat importantbecause you can not type Normally as you are doing in the MS-WORDapplication. You can see the difference while working.To set the Paragraph :

Go to Format => Paragraph => From here you can specify the alignment,indentation, Spacing (After, Before, Word), Line Spacing. While choosingyou can see the Preview also how it will looks.Table :

Table play a important role in a Web Page. You can put a verity ofinformation in form of tables.To do this :Go to Table Menu => Insert => Then Specify the No of Rows, Columns,

Alignment, Border Size, Cell padding, Cell Spacing then OK. Now you canwrite any Information in these cells in the table and Format it also.Hyperlink :

Hyperlink is nothing but when you will take your pointer to a particularword or sentence in the Web Page, It will converted into a hand symbol thisis known as Hyperlink. If you will click there you will get furtherinformation about that topic.Lets discussed how to do this.


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Just think that you are designing a Web Site for representingAgriculture. You design your 1st page by giving the heading as Exploring

Agriculture. This will your Home Page ( 1st page that will display when anybody will visit your web Site.) From that page you can give link to differentpage like Horticulture, Animal Husbandry, Fishery, Sericulture. So by givingbullets write these terms. Then design the separate Web pages fordifferent branches and save them under the same Folder.

Now Select the 1st one go to Insert menu choose Hyperlink now youwill able to see you Web Pages that you have designed for differentbranches. Click on one then OK. Now you will able to see the color of thatword has been changed. That means that word has been linked to on page.Similarly you can link the other words to there related pages.Marquee:

This is a Technique if you will apply to any Sentence then that willscroll through the page. To do this selects the Sentence of Text on which

you want to apply marquee.Goto Insert => Component => Marquee => Now select the appropriate option

like Direction, Speed, Behavior ,Align with Text, Size, back ground color.Then OK. To see the effect click on the Preview.

Background:

You can give a suitable Background color to your page. To do this Goto=> Format => Background => Choose a Color from Background option. ThenOK.Page Transaction:

This is a Technique using which you can get a attractive openingTransaction in your page like Box in, Box out, Circle in, Circle out ect. To dothis :

Goto Format => Page Transaction => Now from Even Combo Box ChoosePage Enter => Now select suitable Transaction then OK.Inserting a Picture :

You can insert a picture to your web page and you can move itappropriate place.


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To do this Go to Insert Menu => Picture => Clipart = Click on anyCategory => A Group of picture will Display => Now Click on one then right

click and choose insert.Now you will able to see the picture in your page.

But if you want to move this picture click on the Position absolutelyToolbar below in the Picture Toolbar. Now click on the picture and dragit to any position.

Dynamic HTML effect :Now we will discuss how to give Dynamic effect to the Web page like

animation to the Text.You will able to see the Dynamic effect Toolbar on your FrontPage

Screen. If not then go to View => Toolbar => Click on Dynamic HTMLtoolbar.To do this Select your Word or Sentence from the page. Now from the OnBox on the Dynamic HTML toolbar choose Page load. Then from the ApplyBox choose the appropriate effect like Hop, Spiral, Wipe, Wave, etc. Thento see the actual effect click on the Preview.

Frames :Frames allows you to divide the Page into different regions. Each

regions can be locate to different pages. Lets see how it looks.

As you are watching the main area is divided into 3 sub regions. You can

design different pages and give link to different frames.


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To do this designed 3 pages give name as Frame1, frame2, Frame3 and savethem under the same Folder in which you are doing everything.

Now click on the Set initial page and from the displayed dialog box selectthe page to which you want to link. Then Ok. You can repeat the sameprocess for all three frames. Now click on the Preview to see how it willlooks.You can try more options with your own.

Hardware SettingsTroubleshooting

System Unit (CPU)Problem Possible Causes Remedies

The Computerdoesnt get powered

Bad power supply Use another point and checkif it works

Non-System Disk ordisk error

Non-bootable floppyin the Drive

Remove the Floppy and bootagain

Keyboard

Keyboard doesntrespond at all orprints wrongcharacter

1. Bad or loosecable

2. Bad circuitry1. Re-Connect the cable

2. Call engineer

Keyboard allows youto enter eitheruppercase orlowercase character

only.

The shift or capslock key may bestuck

Loosen Key

Mouse

Moving the Mousedoesnt producecorrespondingmovement in the on-screen cursor

Ball is coated withdirt

Extract the ball by the coverunderneath the mouse andwash in warm water withsoap; dry and replace

The movement of

the onscreen cursor

The mouse cable is

knotted/twisted

Straighten the cable


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is erraticThe mouse is notresponding at all toany movement

The mouse cablemay be broken

Replace the cable

Printer

Printer neither diesnor power on.

Power supply notconnected orswitched on Badcable or loose

connection

Connect or switch on supply

Check connection or changecable and test

Change power point and getsupply checked

Monitor(Visual Display Unit)

First line of thedisplay not on thetop line of the

screen

Alignment problems Use the V-shirt to adjust thedisplay

Display not coveringthe whole screenbut is compressed inthe center of thescreen

Alignment problem Use H-shirt control to adjustthe display

Display not stable Power supplyfluctuation

Interference fromother devices, suchas an electricheater, vacuumcleaner, etc.

Change power supply point

Shut off these devices orshirt the computer location

Display suddenlyvanishes and

reappears

Loose contact inVDU socket

Check and replace ifnecessary


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Bad connectionwithin the system

Call engineer

No display Bad cableBrightnessmaladjustment

Bad monitor orsystem problem

Change cableAdjust brightness tomaximum

Call engineer

Bad or no color Monitormaladjustment

Color signals are notproper

Adjust monitor controls

Call engineer

IT in small Business:-Common Business Applications:-

Financial Accounting Inventory System Payroll System Production Planning & Control Sales and Marketing

Financial Accounting :-

Every Business needs to systematically maintain records of allbusiness transactions that take place.

The management needs reports to apprise them the financialperformance of the company.

Financial accounting is the process of recording, classifying andreporting of the financial data of a business and preparation offinancial reports.

For Maintaining & Preparing these repots IT applications can play amajor role, resulting a bookless or paperless accounting system in theoffice with speed, accuracy, less manpower utilization.


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Large Companies have their own accounting packages, but manypackages are available for the PC. Which you can purchase and install

in your PC. They are often modular, so that you can computerize those parts of

your accounts where time can be saved. An accounts Package could do any or all of these things.

1. Payroll2. Tax Returns3.Check Production4. General ledger5. Accounts Payable6.Account receivable7. Profit & Loss Account8. Balance Sheet

Inventory System :-

Inventory refers to all materials within an organization that don'tconstitute a part of the capital goods, equipment or buildings.

An Inventory Control system is crucial for any organization. It is required to maintain the Optimum level of Inventory. Maintaining Inventory System properly is important because excess

or under inventory causes losses to the organization. Inventory Control means controlling the amount of Inventory we

store so as to minimize the cost.

A Simple Computerized Inventory Control System should do the followingTasks : Prepare Purchase Order for Items. Generate Inventory Status Report Overdue Delivery Report Goods Received Note Material Requisition Slip Maintained Inventory Master File Supplier Item file.

Some Popular Accounting

Packages are :-

1. Tally2. MS MONEY3. WINCA4. Ex-Next Generation5. FOCUS

You can use:-

MS-EXCEL

MS-ACCESS

Lotus 1-2-3

Lotus Approach

Or Generate Specific

pkgs for those Purpose.


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Item Transaction FilePayroll System :-

Pay is key to work. It is very important from the Organizations aswell as employees point of view. This important calculation cannot beerror-prone or mis-timed. So, speeder and accurate maintenance ofthe payroll becomes a mater of importance.

Payroll may be calculated on weekly, bimonthly or monthly basis. The System should be able to handle permanent and non-permanent

employees. Payroll data file should contain information on :

1. Each employee's pay history2. Loan Details3. Deductions4. Total Earning5. Net Earning

A Payroll System Computerized Application can be Generated by using anyComputer language like C, C++, Visual C++.

Otherwise MS-EXCEL, MS-ACCESS, DBASE, FOXPRO, FOXBASE are thebest Packages for this purpose. Among them MS-EXCEL is very popular one.Sales & Marketing :-

As you know sales and marketing is the vital part of the business, it isagreed that planning is good to begin. But if it is not coupled withfrequent evaluation of progress, it may not yield the desired results.Reporting is the method of evaluation of the progress against theplans.

There are three basic component of Business function. These arematerial, Money and manpower. All the three have to managedeffectively to maximize profit.

Daily Sales Report, Monthly Sales( Product-Wise) Report, monthlySales(Salesperson-Wise) Report, Target variance Report,Outstanding Payments Report.

The basic data required which is required by almost all sales reportsis about products, salespersons, departments, customers and


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transactions that take place between Selling Organization and theCustomer.

It is therefore ideal to maintain information on all of them indifferent Computer files like Item file, Customer file, Salespersonfile, Sales file.

For maintaining all these details you can choose MS-Excel, MS-Access, FoxPro, FoxBASE, Dbase, Lotus Approach

Production Planning & Control :-

Production Planning & Control applications utilize Computers for processing,storage and reporting of information associated with various operations.Data regarding products, Production schedules and production expenses canbe maintained in the Computer.File maintained under PPC

Item master file Master Production Schedule file Bill of material file Raw material Requirement File

Finished Good File Production Expenses File

Other areas where IT applications are used in small Organizations:-

On Documentation On Advertising On Communication On Making Business Presentations On Data Keeping & AnalyzingDocumentation:-Every Organization that may be small or big, Documentation work ismust. Taking from normal letter writing to Preparing Report you can takehelp of Word Processing pkgs for effective Documentation.Some popular Word processing packages are : WORD STAR(OLD) WORD PERFECT(OLD) MS-Write(OLD) MS-WORD

DBMS( Database ManagementSystem & RDBMS ( Relational

Database Management System)

can be used for this purpose.

MS-ACCESS & MS-SQL

SERVER are the DBMS &

RDBMS Packages.


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LOTUS WODPROIn these pkgs you will able to see many built in techniques like Spell,

Grammar Check, Cut, Copy, Paste, ect using which you can makeeffective Documentation Work.Advertising :-

Advertising is the most essential part of the business without whichBusiness will Shut Down now a days. But for effective advertising youneed attractive Leaflets, Banners, Visiting Card ect. These requirements

you can full fill if you have a PC with your office. All these you candesigned yourself using Some DTP( Desktop Publishing Packages)according to your requirement.Some Popular DTP Packages are :

1. Adobe Page Maker2. Corel Draw3. Adobe PhotoShop4. MS-Word

Now a days advertising is also coming in Local Cable TV and other private

TV Channels. In which they are showing some attractive Text Plus StillGraphics and Animated Clippings also.All those you can create yourself in your Personal Computer with the useof some Graphics & Animation Pkgs. These pkgs are all Graphical and nothard to learn.Some Animation Packages are :

1. Macromedia Flash2. Dream weaver

3. Illusion4. Paint Shop

In that way you can save your money because advertising is a continuesprocess every time it has to be changed and more features oriented asthere is a competition in the market.Apart from this you can choose INTERNET as the latest platform foradvertising. Now a days every organization has a Website of his Own. Inwhich he is advertising his Product details to attract his customer. It is

also a cheapest platform for advertising.


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Web-Designing Pkgs :1. HTML, DHTML2.MS-FRONTPAGE

Communication:-

As you know Communication is a vital part of a business in this regard PostalMail, Speed Post, Currier, Telephone, FAX all may time consuming & costlyfor your small business on the changing Business Scenario.E-Mail may be the most cheapest and reliable media for effectiveCommunication Now a Days. You can send Text(100 Pages or more),Voice,Graphics, to a distance place, which is interactive one and that can beedited at the other end, which is not possible in other Traditionalcommunication system.Now without a e-mail address your address is not a complete one for yourOrganization.

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Diploma in Computer(A Excellent Beginners Guide)

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