DR: NAJEEB MEMON

Asst: Professor

COMMUNITY MEDICINE & P.H.S

LUMHS, JAMSHORO

Sind, PAKISTAN

e mail mnajeeb80@gmail.com

DROPLET INFECTION

DROPLET INFECTION

Direct projection of spray of droplets of

Saliva

Nasopharyngeal secretionsduring

coughing

sneezing

speaking

& spitting

talking in to surrounding atmosphere

DROPLET INFECTIONDiseases transmitted:-

Meningitis

Common cold

Diphtheria

Pertusis (Whooping cough)

TB

RTIs

Pertusis(Whooping Cough)

Diphtheria

Pertusis(Whooping Cough)

Diphtheria

highly contagious disease, cause classic spasm (paroxyms) of uncontrollable coughing, high pitched intake of air which create characteristic “WHOOP” sound.

Infectious disease caused by the Corynebacteriumspecies of bacteria and is most often associated with a sore throat, fever, & the development of an adherent membrane on the tonsils and/or nasopharynx.

Definition

PertusisDiphtheria

Causative Agent Corny bacterium

Diphtheria B. Pertusis

PertusisDiphtheria

Sources (cases and carriers)nasopharyngeal

secretions, skin lesion discharge, contaminated fomites and infected dust

(Cases)Nasopharyng: Sec: Bronchial Sec: Objects by discharge.

PertusisDiphtheria

Host Fact:Age: Children 1-5 Ys:Sex: Both SexesImmunity: First few wks or Months

Age: Infants & PreschoolSex: Female > MaleImmunity: No Maternal bodies to Infant.

ByDroplet InfectionInf: Cutaneous Lesion

PertusisDiphtheria

Mode of Transmission

DirectIndirect

PertusisDiphtheria

Incub: Period

Clinical Feat:

2-6 Days

1. Pharyngeal2. Laryngeal3. Nasal4. Cutaneous

7-21 Days

1. Catarrhal Stage (1-2 wks)2. Paroxysmal stage (4-6 wks)

3. Convalescent Stage

PertusisDiphtheria

Diagnosis Throat swab

Schick Test

1. CBC (Lymphocytosis)2. CXR (Perihilar

infiltration, atelectasis,emphysema)

3. ELISA (To detect IgM, IgG, IgA)

4. Nasopharyngeal swab (Mainly in stage-I)

PertusisDiphtheria

Control Measures

Early detection of cases & carriers

IsolationTreatment

(a) Cases(i) Diphtheria Antitoxin I/M or I/V

(depend upon severity)(ii) Benzyl Pencil: 2 lac u x 6 hrlyOR Erythromycin 250 mg x 6 hrs

for 5-6 days

(b) CarriersErythromycin 250 mg x 6 hrs for 10

days

R/Antibiotics

(Erythr, Ampicillin, Septran)

Antitussive,Sedatives,Steam inhal:

Avoid cough provoking Factors(Dust, smoke, excitement)

Preventive MeasuresVaccinationErythromycin (< 2 Ys for 10 days)

Birth BCG+OPV6 weeks 1st PENTAVALENT+OPV+ Pn10 weeks 2nd PENTAVALENT+OPV+ Pn14 weeks 3rd PENTAVALENT+OPV+ Pn9 months 1st Measles2nd year (15 months) 2nd Measles

PENTAVALENT = (DPT + Hep B + HIB)

EPI Vaccination Schedule

THANX