Dihybrid crosses and Patterns of inheritance (pedigrees) Lesson 5.
Dihybrid Crosses Dihybrid crosses are those where we consider the inheritance of two characteristics...
-
Upload
britney-haynes -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
1
Transcript of Dihybrid Crosses Dihybrid crosses are those where we consider the inheritance of two characteristics...
Dihybrid Crosses
• Dihybrid crosses are those where we consider the inheritance of two characteristics at the same time.
Mendel’s Peas (again!)Mendel had observed that the seeds of his pea plants varied in several ways – among them, whether the peas were round or wrinkled and whether they were green or yellow.
He did monohybrid crosses on both characteristics, but then decided to look at how they were inherited together….
• There are four possible combinations of the two characteristics. Peas can be:
• 1) round and yellow
• 2) round and green
• 3) wrinkled and yellow
• 4) wrinkled and green
• From his monohybrid trials, Mendel had discovered that the allele for yellow color was dominant to that for green.
• He had also found that the allele for round peas was dominant to the allele for wrinkled peas.
• Starting with individuals that were homozygous, either for both dominant characteristics or both recessive characteristics, he set off breeding again…
Phenotype Round, yellow Wrinkled, green
Genotype RRYY rryy
Gametes all RY all ry
F1 all RrYy
All of the F1 generation would be heterozygous for both characteristics, round and yellow. As with monohybrid crosses, he then crossed two of the F1 generation together…
X
Phenotype Round, yellow
Genotype RrYy
Gametes RY, Ry, rY, ry
F2We really need a punnet square for this…
X Round, yellow
RrYy
RY, Ry, rY, ry
RY Ry rY ry
RY RRYY RRYy RrYY RrYy
Ry RRYy RRyy RrYy Rryy
rY RrYY RrYy rrYY rrYy
ry RrYy Rryy rrYy rryy
F2
9 3 3 1: : :Round
Yellow
Round
Green
Wrinkled
Yellow
Wrinkled
Green
This is the phenotypic ratio expected in a dihybrid cross.
• There are four possible combinations of the two characteristics. Peas can be:
• 1) round and yellow
• 2) round and green
• 3) wrinkled and yellow
• 4) wrinkled and green