Digitisation: Costs and Sustainability
description
Transcript of Digitisation: Costs and Sustainability
![Page 1: Digitisation: Costs and Sustainability](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042815/55856ef8d8b42a472c8b497c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Digitisation DoctorWellcome Trust, 13 April 2013
Ed Fay, Digital Library [email protected] | @digitalfay
Digitisation: Costs and Sustainability
![Page 2: Digitisation: Costs and Sustainability](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042815/55856ef8d8b42a472c8b497c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Costs of Digitisation
what will it cost you?nature of the originalstypes of contentpurpose and user needs
…it depends!
![Page 3: Digitisation: Costs and Sustainability](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042815/55856ef8d8b42a472c8b497c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Costs of Digitisation
Managementplanning, fundraising, procurement, user studies, copyright
Content creationhandling, preparation, scanning, metadata, workflows
Access provisionuser studies, system maintenance
Preservationstorage replacement, format management
![Page 4: Digitisation: Costs and Sustainability](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042815/55856ef8d8b42a472c8b497c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Costs of Digitisation
Main questions:
Who funds what.Short-term vs long-term.In-house vs out-source.
![Page 5: Digitisation: Costs and Sustainability](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042815/55856ef8d8b42a472c8b497c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Who funds what?
Be explicit.“Many projects draw some form of host support, but it is not budgeted or guaranteed.”
(Ithaka, 2013)
![Page 6: Digitisation: Costs and Sustainability](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042815/55856ef8d8b42a472c8b497c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Who funds what?GrantsContributions from partner organisationsCore budget from your institutionIn-kind supportEarned income (revenue from sponsorship, advertising, subscriptions)Donations or individual philanthropy
(Ithaka, 2013)
![Page 7: Digitisation: Costs and Sustainability](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042815/55856ef8d8b42a472c8b497c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Short-term vs long-term
What happens after the project?Budget spent.Skilled staff leave.No money, thousands of images.
![Page 8: Digitisation: Costs and Sustainability](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042815/55856ef8d8b42a472c8b497c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Sustainability
(Ithaka, 2013)
![Page 9: Digitisation: Costs and Sustainability](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042815/55856ef8d8b42a472c8b497c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
SustainabilityProject managementMarketing and outreachContent selectionLegal servicesContent production (eg scanning, metadata creation)Financial and accounting servicesInformation technology and support services (eg server space, tech support, upgrades, etc)Indirect costs (eg office space, supplies)Digital preservationOther (please describe)
![Page 10: Digitisation: Costs and Sustainability](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042815/55856ef8d8b42a472c8b497c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Sustainability
= impactUnderstand your users.Demonstrate value.
![Page 11: Digitisation: Costs and Sustainability](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042815/55856ef8d8b42a472c8b497c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Sustainability
is about how far you are willing to integrate
digital attitudes into your organisation
![Page 12: Digitisation: Costs and Sustainability](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042815/55856ef8d8b42a472c8b497c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
In-house vs out-source
Reasons for in-house:Skills retention.Few format types.Long timescales.Very small or high volume.Research and development.Can fund staff and/or equipment.
![Page 13: Digitisation: Costs and Sustainability](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042815/55856ef8d8b42a472c8b497c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
In-house vs out-source
Things to think about:Equipment purchase and maintenance.Skills development (training).Diversity of content.Capacity and throughput.Future demand (or lack of it).
![Page 14: Digitisation: Costs and Sustainability](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042815/55856ef8d8b42a472c8b497c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
In-house vs out-source
Reasons for out-source:Skills recruitment.Variety of format types.Short or long timescales.Low or high volume.Known specification.Can fund capital spend.
![Page 15: Digitisation: Costs and Sustainability](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042815/55856ef8d8b42a472c8b497c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
In-house vs out-source
Things to think about:In-house support.Spec writing.Tendering or procurement.Quality criteria.Recurrence.Diversity of format types.
![Page 16: Digitisation: Costs and Sustainability](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042815/55856ef8d8b42a472c8b497c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
In-house vs out-source
Last few years at LSE:19thC and 20thC bound volumes. 19thC manuscripts (loose leaf and bound). 20thC newspapers. Glass plate negatives. Nitrate/acetate/35mm negatives. Photographic prints and albums. Large format maps. Posters. Pamphlets. Badges and postcards. 3D objects (plates, purses, boxes).
Worked with around a dozen different suppliers, each bringing the right equipment and experience.
![Page 17: Digitisation: Costs and Sustainability](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042815/55856ef8d8b42a472c8b497c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Quick pause.
![Page 18: Digitisation: Costs and Sustainability](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042815/55856ef8d8b42a472c8b497c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
(LSE)Funding Function Skills
Project Content creation Out-source
Library
Systems/UX
In-house
CurationServers/Storage
InstitutionNetwork
Estates/Electricity
![Page 19: Digitisation: Costs and Sustainability](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042815/55856ef8d8b42a472c8b497c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
(Wellcome)Funding Function Skills
Library
Content creationOut-source
Systems/UXCuration
In-houseInstitution
Servers/Storage
NetworkEstates/Electricity
![Page 20: Digitisation: Costs and Sustainability](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042815/55856ef8d8b42a472c8b497c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Short-term Long-term
User studies Requirements gathering On-going engagement
Copyright None NoneRights clearance
Metadata Description Technical/Preservation
Image capture Scanning (+ conservation?) None (rescan)
Workflow Automated (e.g. batch OCR) None (reprocess)Manual (e.g. transcription)
Storage Initial capacity (incl backups)Maintenance/cloud access
Capacity increaseReplacement cycle
Online access Commercial or open-source UX updatesSystem replacement
Digital preservation Planning (e.g. standards) Actions (interventions) ???
Costs of digitisation
Low Medium High
![Page 21: Digitisation: Costs and Sustainability](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042815/55856ef8d8b42a472c8b497c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Cost models17 different cost models for digital preservation
http://wiki.opf-labs.org/display/CDP/Home
“We worked hard to tackle this particular challenge in LIFE3, and based on the evaluation project that followed, we almost completely failed.”
(Wheatley, 2012)
![Page 22: Digitisation: Costs and Sustainability](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042815/55856ef8d8b42a472c8b497c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Costs of Digitisation
The golden rule for cost reduction is to look at every stage that requires human intervention and either remove it, reduce it or make it as efficient as possible.
(Minerva, 2006)
![Page 23: Digitisation: Costs and Sustainability](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042815/55856ef8d8b42a472c8b497c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Costs of DigitisationMethods to reduce cost:1) Reduce the cost of labour;2) Automate to reduce levels of human intervention in digital conversion and metadata creation;3) Select and prepare originals to enable higher volumes and reduce variation in the workflow;4) Increase overall performance and throughput to make the most efficient use of capital expenditure; and5) Continuous improvement and optimisation through rigorous quality assurance.
(Minerva, 2006)
![Page 24: Digitisation: Costs and Sustainability](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042815/55856ef8d8b42a472c8b497c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
“Stewardship is easy and inexpensive to claim; it is expensive and difficult to honor, and perhaps it will prove to be all too easy to later abdicate.”
(Lynch, 2003)
![Page 25: Digitisation: Costs and Sustainability](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042815/55856ef8d8b42a472c8b497c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Cost everything.Even if you don’t have to cash fund it now, you may have to make the case in the future.
Plan for the long-term.Think about what happens after the project. At the extreme, this is about repositioning the organisation to make digital part of your business-as-usual.
Final thoughts
![Page 26: Digitisation: Costs and Sustainability](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042815/55856ef8d8b42a472c8b497c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
ReferencesSustaining our Digital Future: Institutional Strategies for Digital Content
(Ithaka, 2013)
Handbook on Cost Reduction in Digitisation(Minerva, 2006)
Rapid Capture: Faster Throughput in Digitization of Special Collections(OCLC, 2011)
Toolkit for the Impact of Digitised Scholarly Resources (TIDSR)(Oxford Internet Institute, 2011)
Balanced Value Impact Model(Tanner, Kings College Digital, 2013)