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Digital System

Fundamental

Review of Computer

Fundamental to UnderstandSystem as Business Unit

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Organization of Computer

INPUT OUTPUTMEMORY

PROCESSING

UNIT

Input unit is providedto read data &

instructions

emory unit storesalgorit!m and computedresult"

Output unit displaysor prints computedresult"

#rocessing unit interprets t!einstructions and carries t!emout" $!is unit performs%rit!metical 'ogical andString operations"

Central #rocessing Unit (C#U) * Control Unit (CU) + %rit!metic & 'ogical

Unit (%'U)

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emory easurement Units

• 1 Bit = Binary Digit

• 8 Bits = 1 Byte

• 1024 Bytes = 1 KB

(Kilo Byte)

• 1024 KB = 1 MB

(Mega Byte)

• 1024 MB = 1 GB(Giga Byte)

• 1024 GB = 1 TB

(Terra Byte)

• 1024 TB = 1 PB(Peta Byte)

• 1024 PB = 1 EB

(Exa Byte)

• 1024 EB = 1 ZB(Zetta Byte)

• 1024 ZB = 1 YB

( Yotta Byte)

• 1024 YB = 1 BB

(Bronto Byte)

• 1024 BB = 1 GOB

(Geop Byte)

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#urc!asing Considerations

• #urpose

• Cost

• #rocessor• Ram

• ,ard dis-

• #erip!erals

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What is Operating System

OS is system software, which may be viewed ascollection of software consisting of procedures for

operating the computer.

It provides an environment for execution of programs (application software).

It’s an interface between user computer.

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Computer Machine

(Hardware)

User / Programmer

Operating System

,uman Understanda3le'anguage (,ig! 'evel

'anguage)

ac!ine 'anguage('ow 'evel 'anguage)

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Functions of OS

Fie Management

Memory Management

Process Management

!e"ice Management

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Di4erences Between ,ig! & 'ow'evel 'anguages

High Level

0" %ll used to solvepro3lems

5" 6asily understood 3y

!umans1" Uses 6nglis! li-e words

7" 6asy to locate andidentify errors

." ust 3e translated

3efore t!e computercan understand it

Low Level

0" Understood 3ycomputers wit!out t!e

need for translation5" Di8cult for !umans to

read and understand

1" $a-e up a lot of spaceto write down

7" Its di8cult to spoterrors in t!e code

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9!at:s %I; (to me)Computers ma-ing decisions in real?

world pro3lems

apply

formulate solve

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Snipping $ool

•  $!en select t!e area of your screent!at you want to capture" It@sautomatically copied to t!e

Clip3oard and t!e Snipping $oolmar-?up window" From t!e mar-?up window you can write on draw

on !ig!lig!t save or e?mail t!esnip"

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Stic-y Aotes

• Stic-y Aotes are colorful reminder notes you canstic- on your des-top" $!ey are even !andier in9indows " ou can format t!e te

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A6$9ORES

• % networ- is a set of devices (oftenreferred to as nodes) connected 3ycommunication lin-s" % node can 3e

a computer printer or any ot!erdevice capa3le of sending and/orreceiving data generated 3y ot!er

nodes on t!e networ-"

0"01

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0"07

Categories of Aetwor-s

• 'ocal %rea Aetwor- ('%A)

• 9ide %rea Aetwor- (9%A)

• etropolitan %rea Aetwor- (%A)• #ersonal %rea Aetwor- (#%A)

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Bandwidt!

• Data rate measured in 3its (not3ytes) per seconds

• E3ps (Eilo3its per seconds) – 05. c!ars/sec

• 3ps (ega3its per seconds) – 05. c!ars/sec

• G3ps (Giga3its per seconds) – 05. c!ars/sec

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,u3/Switc!/Router

•  $o connect multiple segments ofnetwor-s into a larger one

• ,u3

 – % multiport repeater to en!ance signalwit!in t!e same '%A

• Switc! – 'i-e !u3 3ut wit! intelligent

 – Better performance

• Router – Forward pac-ets from one '%A to anot!er

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,ome 9ireless Aetwor-

6t!ernetCa3le

DS'/Ca3le

odem

9all Hac-

,u3/Switc!/Router

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Simplied Communications odel ?

Diagram

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Simplied Communications odel ?

Diagram

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What is a domain name

• ,uman friendly form of an Internetaddress

• %ctual address is an Internet #rotocol(I#) num3er

• System glo3ally administered 3yIC%AA

• Generic top level domains (g$'Ds) – "com "org "net "edu "gov "3iz

• Country code top level domains(cc$'Ds)

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Juery Session

Its all a3out we discussed

earlier """OR

Somet!ing punc!ing you in

ind