Digital Processing of Analog Television Lior Zimet EE392J Final Project Winter 2002
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Transcript of Digital Processing of Analog Television Lior Zimet EE392J Final Project Winter 2002
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Digital Processing of Analog Television
Lior ZimetEE392J Final Project
Winter 2002
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Project Goals
• Digitize an analog NTSC signal and decode it in software
• Use digital processing to perform– Luminance and Chrominance separation– Color demodulation– Interlace to progressive conversion
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CompositeVideo
DCRestoration
and AGCADC
10 bit SyncDetection
and ActiveVideo
Extraction
Resampler4XFsc
Y+C Y+CY/C
Separation+Motion
Detection
Y
C
ColorDe-
modulation
De-Interlacer
Motion
YUVto
RGBDisplay
RGB Y, U, VFields
Hardware Software
Y, U, VFrames
System Block Diagram
Display
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ONE LINE OF NTSC SIGNAL
HSYNC
COLOR BURST
ACTIVE VIDEO
SYNC LEVEL
BLANK LEVEL
PEAK WHITE
SIGNAL PEAK
NTSC – 1D Analog Signal
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0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.03.58
Amplitude
Frequency(MHz)
ChrominanceSub-carrier
Y UV
UV
F
Y U,V Y YU,V
15.734 KHz
29.97 HzSpacing
Composite Video Spectrum
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Y+U
Y-U
Y+U
Y-V
Y+V
Y-V
Y-U
Y+U
Y-U
Y+V
Y-V
Y+V
Y/C Separation – 1D Comb Filter
• Resampling at 4xFsc will take advantage of the alternate phase in the color modulation
• Y/C separation can be done within the field
Y =( (Ycenter+Ccenter) + (YupperCupper)) / 2C = ((Ycenter+Ccenter) (YupperCupper)) / 2
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Y/C Separation – 2D Adaptive Comb Filter
• 1D comb filter works perfectly only for vertically orientated structures in a picture
• 2D adaptive comb filter:– Weighs the upper line and lower line combing
according to horizontal edge detection– Uses notch filter in cases where 1D fails
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Y+C
Y-C
Y+C
Y-C
Y+C
Y-C
Y+C
Y-C
Y+C
Y-C
Y+C
Y-C
Y+C
Field n-2 Field n-1 Field n Field n+1 Field n+2
Y/C Separation – 3D Comb Filter
• In still image, pixels are identical from frame to frame• The Chrominance phase is alternating• Must be disabled when motion is present
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"CHEER LEADER" WITH 3D COMB AND NO MOTION DETECTION
MOTION ARTIFACTS
Motion Artifacts Example
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Notch Filter
3D CombFilter
Vertical 1DSeperator
Y
C
Vertical andHorizontal
Edge Detectorfor 2D
AdaptiveComb Filter
Y
C
MotionDetector
for 3DAdaptive
Comb filter
Y
C
Y
C
Y
C
Y+C
Y/C Separation – 3D Adaptive Comb Filter
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NOTCH FILTER Y/C SEPERATION
CROSS-LUMINANCE
CROSS-CHROMINANCE
2D ADAPTIVE COMB FILTER Y/C SEPERATION
HANGING DOTS ARTIFACT
3D adaptive Y/C separation
Y/C Separation
Example
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COLOR BURST INFORMATION
HORIZONTAL SYNC
PHASE
BACK PORCH
tVtUChroma cossin
Color Information
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ChrominanceFrom Y/CSeparator
2cos(2 F sc t)
2sin(2 F sc t)
LPF
LPF
V
U
tVtUUttVtU 2sin2cossin2cossin
tUtVVttVtU 2sin2coscos2cossin
Color Demodulation
tcos2
tsin2
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Motion?
InterpolateWithin theSame Field
Merge WithNeighbor
Field
No
Yes
ProgressiveYUV
InterlaceYUV
De-interlacing• Merge fields or interpolate in the pixel domain• Use motion detector to decide
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SNELL & WILCOX WITH ADAPTIVE 3D COMB FILTER
SNELL & WILCOX WITH NOTCH FILTER SNELL & WILCOX 2D ADAPTIVE COMB FILTER
Snell & Wilcox Pattern
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Sequence from “Cheer Leader”
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"CHEER LEADER" WITH 3D ADAPTIVE COMB FILTER
Decoded Frame from “Cheer Leader”
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Y+C
Y-C
Y+C
Y-C
Y+C
Y-C
Y+C
Y-C
Y+C
Y-C
Y+C
Y-C
Y+C
Field n-2 Field n-1 Field n Field n+1 Field n+2
Y+C
Y-C
Y+C
Y-C
Y+C
Y-C
Y+C
Y-C
Y+C
Y-C
Y+C
Y-C
Y+C
Field n-2 Field n-1 Field n Field n+1 Field n+2
Motion Detection• Apply small motion and large motion detection
using adjacent fields
Small Motion Large Motion