Digital Manuscript Interoperability Via Shared Canvas
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Digital Manuscript (DMS) Interoperability Via Shared Canvas
A Case Study in Open Annotation OA Rollout * Stanford * April 9, 2013
Tom Cramer Chief Technology Strategist Stanford University Libraries
Borrowing liberally from… and->
Rob Sanderson Los Alamos National Labs
Ben Albritton DMS Program Manager
Stanford University Libraries [email protected]
Parker on the Web
Roman de la Rose
E-‐Codices
Walled Gardens: Custom, Func<onal, Isolated
Consider …an art historian who would like to compare and annotate illustra<ons from manuscripts at two different repositories, available via two different interfaces …a codicologist who would like to study the original state of the Codex Sinai<cus, fragments of which are now dispersed across four different sites …a linguist who would like to cite the first wriIen use of old English words in manuscripts, referring to both digital images and transcrip<ons …a paleographer who would like to analyze scribal hands using a custom-‐built, image analysis tool
Digital Medieval Manuscripts Today: A World of Silos & Duplica<on
• Dis<nct applica<on func<onality • Separate data stores • Unique data models • Different (or no) API’s
Parker Data Store
Parker App
Rose Data Store
Rose App
BnF Data Store
Gallica
St. Gall Data Store
St. Gall App
X Data Store
App X
Dis<nct Concerns
Find, Use, Analyze, Annotate Want: Mix & Match, Best of Breed
Scholars Tool
Makers
Repositories
Build useful tools and apps Want: Users &
resources
Host, Preserve (and Enrich) Resources Want: Use of Resources, Enriching services, Enriched content
API’s Enable Reuse
Dictionary of Old English
ImageDelivery
Parker Data
Images MD Annot.
RepositoryCanonical Data Store for Images, Description,and TechMD
ApplicationsUser interfaces present DMS datawith specialized tools and contexts
Des-cription
Parker App
ImageDelivery Search
Des-cription
TPENTranscription Tool
ImageDelivery
Trans-criptions
API's
Import & ExportDMS apps and tools can both consume and contribute data via common web services. E.g., transcriptions or annotations can be deposited in the source repository, enriching the corpus for future researchers.
API'sRESTful Web Services
API’s -‐> Framework -‐> Ecosystem
GallicaParker App
ImageDelivery Search
Des-cription
Annotation & Transcription Tools
ImageDelivery
Trans-criptions
Parker Data
Images MD Annot.
Oxford Data
Images MD Annot.
Rose Data
Images MD Annot.
BnF Data
Images MD Annot.
API's
API's
API's
API's
ImageDelivery Search
Des-cription
Cross Repository Search & Delivery Environments
ImageDelivery Search
Specific Use Cases for Interoperability
1. Drive a page turner with a sequence file (harder than you might think!)
2. Enable 3rd party transcrip<ons: Relate transcrip<ons to pages, and to regions of interest (ROI) on pages (text blocks)
3. Enable 3rd party annota<on: Relate annota<ons (scholarly commentary) to specific manuscript elements – pages, images, text, marginalia, etc.
Page Turner
DM – Image Annota<on Tool
T-‐PEN: Transcrip<on Tool
DMS Interop Par<cipants
with support from the Andrew J. Mellon Founda7on
Universi<es • Stanford * • Cambridge • Oxford * • Harvard • Yale * • Johns Hopkins * • St Louis * • Drew * • Ghent • Oregon
Libraries, Archives and Labs • Bri<sh Library * • BNF * • e-‐codices * • Los Alamos Na<onal Lab * * ac<vely building tools
Technical Approach to DMS Interop
Shared Canvas Data Model
IIIF Image Delivery
+
IIIF Image Delivery API
hIp://library.stanford.edu/iiif/image-‐api
IIIF Image Delivery API
hIp://library.stanford.edu/iiif/image-‐api
Requirements for Data Model
1. Reflect the physical and structural complexi<es of medieval manuscripts
– Enable ordered delivery of (page) images and associated (transcrip<on) texts
2. Relate mul<ple (and poten<ally overlapping) images, texts and other resources to a single page
3. Reliably relate addi<onal annota<ons (scholarly commentary) to the manuscripts (whole item, range of pages, page-‐level, or specific region)
4. Express via an easy transforma<on of exis<ng descrip<on & resources
CCC 26 f. iiiR
Naïve Approach: Annotate an Image
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
CCC 26 f. iiiR Fold A Open
Naïve Approach: Annotate which Image?
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
CCC 26 f. iiiR Fold A Open Fold A and B Open
Naïve Approach: Annotate which Images?
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
CCC 26 f. iiiR Fold A Open Fold A and B Open f. iiiV
Naïve Approach: …?!
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
Naïve Assumption: Everything is Square
Non-‐rectangular objects
• Fashionable heart shaped
manuscripts
• Fragments
• Pages with foldouts
Facsimile of BNF Rothschild 2973 hDp://www.omifacsimiles.com/brochures/montchen.html
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
Naïve Assumption: Image Equals Page Parts of Pages:
• Only illumina<ons digi<zed
• Fragments of page
• N.B. Informa<on about non-‐digi<zed parts may s<ll exist
Mul<ple Pages: • Open spread • Fragments from mul<ple
pages in single image Cod. Sang. 1394: 10.5076/e-‐codices-‐csg-‐1394
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
Naïve Assumption: Image Exists The page may not be digi<zed at
all
• Not "interes<ng" enough
• Digi<za<on destruc<ve
• Page no longer exists
• Page only hypothe<cal
• Lack of money, <me, …
This page inten<onally, but unfortunately, lej blank
Countless manuscripts, all around the world!
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
Naïve Assumption: Only One Image Alignment of mul<ple images
of same object
• Mul<-‐spectral imaging
• Mul<ple resolu<ons
• Mul<ple digi<za<ons
• Image <ling
Bonus naïvete:
• Page has one orienta<on
• Page has one text
Archimedes Palimpsest Mul7-‐Spectral Images hDp://www.archimedespalimpsest.org/
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
Canvas Paradigm • A Canvas is an empty space in which to build up a display • Well-‐known concept, eg HTML, PDF
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
Canvas Paradigm • A Canvas is an empty space in which to build up a display • A SharedCanvas's top lej and boIom right corners correspond to the equivalent corners of a [rectangular bounding box around a] page
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
Canvas Paradigm: Implementation
Empty space is not hard to implement!
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
Painting the Canvas? Requirements:
• Need to allow distributed associa<on of resources with the Canvas, or part of the Canvas • Any type of resource, or part of a resource, should be able to be painted • Need to allow users to comment about the Canvas, or part of it, or any of the resources
Solu<on:
• Associate resources and commentary using Open Annota<ons!
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
Annotations to Paint Images Open Annota<on with single Target (Canvas) and Body (Image)
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
Annotations to Paint Images An oa:Choice with a default and 1 or more op<ons for the image.
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
Annotations to Paint Images: Implementation
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
Annotations to Paint Text Specific Resource with Selector to define an area of the Canvas
And also need Text Selectors to describe the appropriate part of the text...
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
Annotations to Paint Text
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
Annotations to Paint Text: Implementation
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
Image Segments
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
Image Segments: Implementation
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
Audio Segments
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
Audio Segments: Implementation
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
[Scholarly] Commentary
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
[Scholarly] Commentary: Implementation
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
Ordering: Missing Pages
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
Ordering: Rebinding
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
Non Medieval Use Cases
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
Non Medieval Use Cases
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
SharedCanvas Data Model
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
In Summary
• DMS Interoperability requires common approaches to serving data and images
• Shared Canvas provides an open, extensible data model based on OAI-‐ORE and Open Annota<on constructs – Using the original, physical object as the absolute frame of reference
• New scholarly work produced in OA-‐compa<ble tools add to and enrich the scholarly record – Crea<ng a virtuous circle – And truly transcending silos!
Using OA Adds to the Ecosystem
GallicaParker App
ImageDelivery Search
Des-cription
Annotation & Transcription Tools
ImageDelivery
Trans-criptions
Parker Data
Images MD Annot.
Oxford Data
Images MD Annot.
Rose Data
Images MD Annot.
BnF Data
Images MD Annot.
API's
API's
API's
API's
ImageDelivery Search
Des-cription
Cross Repository Search & Delivery Environments
ImageDelivery Search
Digital Manuscript Interoperability hIp://lib.stanford.edu/dmm Shared Canvas hIp://shared-‐canvas.org IIIF (Int’l Image Interop Framework) hIp://lib.stanford.edu/iiif