Digital ManipulationDigital Manipulation

Jennifer BurrusJennifer Burrus

Bryce KeoghBryce Keogh

Carrie WuCarrie Wu

Hannah ChoeHannah Choe

The Technology Behind It AllThe Technology Behind It All

How pictures are storedHow pictures are stored

- Ones and Zeros- Ones and Zeros

ColorsColors

Body Image and Self Esteem Body Image and Self Esteem IssuesIssues

““Thinner is Better” ConceptThinner is Better” Concept Unrealistic BeautyUnrealistic Beauty

•Dove Commercial: Photo Manipulation Process

Increases Public SlanderIncreases Public Slander

Most at Risk: Public Figures and CelebritiesMost at Risk: Public Figures and Celebrities

COSTLYCOSTLY More time and labor costs goes into weeding out false More time and labor costs goes into weeding out false

information from factual information information from factual information

A new computer tool shows how it detects manipulation in photos

Gives Misleading or False MessagesGives Misleading or False Messages Causes people to question the authenticity of a Causes people to question the authenticity of a

photophoto Credible sources may no longer be trustedCredible sources may no longer be trusted

Photo Editing Throughout HistoryPhoto Editing Throughout History

Been around for a long time, why stop it Been around for a long time, why stop it now?now?

Not Lincoln’s Hot BodyNot Lincoln’s Hot Body

Photo EditingPhoto Editing

Photos are not pure realityPhotos are not pure reality

Code of ethics established by the Code of ethics established by the National Press Photographers National Press Photographers AssociationAssociation

Please Now Take a Look at Your Handout

Government RegulationGovernment Regulation

In 1996, the Child Pornography Prevention In 1996, the Child Pornography Prevention Act was extended to include virtual porn. Act was extended to include virtual porn. In 2002, the U.S. Supreme Court In 2002, the U.S. Supreme Court overturned that.overturned that.

Minimum regulation = government Minimum regulation = government should only step in when an issue should only step in when an issue needs legal attention. needs legal attention.

Artistic ExpressionArtistic Expression

Photographer Photographer “owns” the “owns” the picture and can picture and can do what he/she do what he/she wants wants

Artistic ValueArtistic Value

Increase in BusinessIncrease in Business

Digital manipulation allows magazines to Digital manipulation allows magazines to do harmless editorial alterationsdo harmless editorial alterations

Aesthetically pleasing images will Aesthetically pleasing images will sell bettersell better

Sometimes photos are altered to Sometimes photos are altered to seem more realistic (i.e. shading, seem more realistic (i.e. shading, lighting, contrast)lighting, contrast)

What We Can Do….What We Can Do….

Icons or SymbolsIcons or Symbols

-Variance in levels of alteration-Variance in levels of alteration Digital WatermarksDigital Watermarks Digital FingerprintsDigital Fingerprints

Water MarkWater Mark

Flaws in Marking ImagesFlaws in Marking Images

People may feel as though they no longer People may feel as though they no longer have freedom of expressionhave freedom of expression

An icon may ruin an image’s artistic valueAn icon may ruin an image’s artistic value Watermark may become unreadable when Watermark may become unreadable when

converting image typesconverting image types

ConclusionConclusion

Marking digitally altered images based on Marking digitally altered images based on a standard scale a standard scale

One of the most challenging issues that One of the most challenging issues that this policy will face is defining “art” in legal this policy will face is defining “art” in legal terms, and what types of digitally terms, and what types of digitally manipulated images will fall into this manipulated images will fall into this category.category.

Should the Government have the power Should the Government have the power to regulate digitally manipulated images?to regulate digitally manipulated images?

DiscussionDiscussion

Let’s apply the ethics we’ve learned to Let’s apply the ethics we’ve learned to the 2 video skits we played.the 2 video skits we played.