Digital Infrastructure in a Carbon-Constrained World
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Digital Infrastructure in a Carbon-Constrained World
Invited Presentation to the Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy (COSEPUP)
National Academy of Sciences
Irvine, CA
February 26, 2009
Dr. Larry Smarr
Director, California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology
Harry E. Gruber Professor,
Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering
Jacobs School of Engineering, UCSD
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The Planet is Already Committed to a Dangerous Level of Warming
Temperature Threshold Range that Initiates the Climate-Tipping
V. Ramanathan and Y. Feng, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD September 23, 2008
www.pnas.orgcgidoi10.1073pnas.0803838105
Additional Warming over 1750 Level
90% of the Additional 1.6 Degree Warming Will Occur in the 21st
Century
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Atmospheric Aerosols Cool Climate—Cleaning Air Pollution will Accelerate Warming!
NASA satellite image
Ramananthan & Feng www.pnas.orgcgidoi10.1073pnas.0803838105
Outside Beijing 11/9/2008
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The IPCC Recommends a 25-40% Reduction Below 1990 Levels by 2020
• On September 27, 2006, Governor Schwarzenegger signed California the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006– Assembly Bill 32 (AB32)
– Requires Reduction of GHG by 2020 to 1990 Levels– 15% Reduction from 2008 Levels
– 4 Tons of CO2-equiv. for Every Person in California
• The European Union Requires Reduction of GHG by 2020 to 20% Below 1990 Levels (12/12/2008)
• Australia has Pledged to Cut by 2020 its GHG Emissions 5% from 2000 Levels via the World's Broadest Cap &Trade Scheme (12/15/08) [~5% Below 1990 Levels]
• Neither the U.S. or Canada has an Official Target Yet– President Elect Obama Has Endorsed the AB32 2020 Goal
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ICT is a Critical Element in Achieving Countries Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Targets
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ICT is a Key Sector in the Fight Against Climate Change
Applications of ICT could enable emissions reductions
of 7.8 Gt CO2e in 2020, or 15% of business as usual emissions.
But it must keep its own growing footprint in check and overcome a number of hurdles
if it expects to deliver on this potential.
www.smart2020.org
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ICT Industry is Already Actingto Reduce Carbon Footprint
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Electricity Usage by U.S. Data Centers:Emission Reductions are Underway
Source: Silicon Valley Leadership Group Report July 29, 2008https://microsite.accenture.com/svlgreport/Documents/pdf/SVLG_Report.pdf
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The GreenLight Project: Instrumenting the Energy Cost of Computational Science
• Focus on 5 Communities with At-Scale Computing Needs:– Metagenomics– Ocean Observing– Microscopy – Bioinformatics– Digital Media
• Measure, Monitor, & Web Publish Real-Time Sensor Outputs– Via Service-oriented Architectures– Allow Researchers Anywhere To Study Computing Energy Cost
• Develop Middleware that Automates Optimal Choice of Compute/RAM Power Strategies for Desired Greenness
• Partnering With Minority-Serving Institutions Cyberinfrastructure Empowerment Coalition
Source: Tom DeFanti, Calit2; GreenLight PI
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UCSD is Installing Zero Carbon EmissionSolar and Fuel Cell DC Electricity Generators
San Diego’s Point Loma Wastewater Treatment Plant Produces Waste Methane
UCSD 2.8 Megawatt Fuel Cell Power Plant Uses Methane
2 Megawatts of Solar Power Cells
Being Installed
Available Late 2009
Makes Carbon Neutral
Data Center Possible!
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Consolidating Dispersed Faculty Clusters Over the Fiber Connected UCSD Campus Research CI
UCSD Storage
OptIPortalResearch Cluster
Digital Collections
Lifecycle Management
PetaScale Data
Analysis Facility
HPC SystemCluster Condo
UC Grid Pilot
Research Instrument
N x 10Gbe
DNA Arrays, Mass Spec.,
Microscopes, Genome
Sequencers
Source: Phil Papadopoulos, SDSC/Calit2
UCSD Triton Components
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Application of ICT Can Lead to a 5-Fold GreaterDecrease in GHGs Than its Own Carbon Footprint
Major Opportunities for the United States*– Smart Electrical Grids– Smart Transportation Systems– Smart Buildings– Virtual Meetings
* Smart 2020 United States Report Addendum
www.smart2020.org
While the sector plans to significantly step up the energy efficiency of its products and services,
ICT’s largest influence will be by enabling energy efficiencies in other sectors, an opportunity
that could deliver carbon savings five times larger than the total emissions from the entire ICT sector in 2020.
--Smart 2020 Report
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Calit2--A Systems Approach to the Future of the Internet and its Transformation of Our Society
www.calit2.net
Calit2 Has Assembled a Complex Social Network of Over 350 UC San Diego & UC Irvine Faculty
From Two Dozen DepartmentsWorking in Multidisciplinary Teams
With Staff, Students, Industry, and the Community
Integrating Technology Consumers and ProducersInto “Living Laboratories”
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Two Calit2 Buildings Provide Laboratories for “Living in the Future”
• “Convergence” Laboratory Facilities– Nanotech, BioMEMS, Chips, Radio, Photonics– Virtual Reality, Digital Cinema, HDTV, Gaming
• Over 1000 Researchers in Two Buildings– Linked via Dedicated Optical Networks
UC Irvinewww.calit2.net
Instrumented Smart Buildings
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Smart Electrical Grids:Interpenetrating the Internet and the Power Grid
“That means updating the way we get our electricity by starting to build a new smart grid that will save us money;
protect our power sources from blackout or attack; and deliver clean, alternative forms of energy to every corner of our nation.”
---President-Elect Obama
Source: ComputerWorld Government 1/9/09
University Campuses as “Living Labs of the Green Future”
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Making Cars Cleaner Requires Software Engineering-- Calit2 Established the Automotive Software Workshop
Source: Ingolf Krueger, Calit2
• Over 10 Million Lines of Code in Your Car!
• Sponsors: Calit2, NSF, EU, DFG
• 50:50 Participation Industry/Academia
• Next Instance Planned For 2009
• Industry Participants Include:
90 % of all Auto Innovations are Now
Software-Driven
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Reducing Traffic Congestion: Calit2 California Peer-to -Peer Wireless Traffic Report
• Citizen to Citizen Accident Reports• Real-Time Freeway Speeds• “Leave Now” Paging Services
San Diego(866) 500 0977
LA & OC(888) 9 CALIT2
Bay Area(888) 4 CALIT2
http://traffic.calit2.net
Source: Ganz Chockalingam, Calit2
20,000+ Users > 1000 Calls Per Day
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The Commercial Market for High Resolution Teleconference Systems in Rapidly Expanding
• 320 Cisco TelePresence major cities globally
• US/Canada: 101 CTS 3000, 79 CTS 1000, 3 CTS 3200, 13 CTS 500
• APAC: 24 CTS 3000, 20 CTS 1000, 3 CTS 500
• Japan: 5 CTS 3000, 2 CTS 1000, 1 CTS 500,1 CTS3200
• Europe: 30CTS 3000, 19 CTS 1000, 1 CTS3200, 5 CTS500
• Emerging: 13 CTS 3000, 1CTS1000
• 216K TelePresence meetings scheduled to date.
• 48% Average Utilization
• 279K hours (average meeting is 1.25 hrs)
• 22K+ meetings with customers to discuss Cisco Technology over TelePresence
• 31K+ meetings avoidedtravel
• Conservative estimate of cost savings:
•~$278M to date
• Cubic meters of emissionssaved: 90 million
• Equal to >15,500+ cars off the road
Changing the Way We Work, Live, Play and Learn
Source: Cisco-Updated January 5, 2009
Uses QoS Over Shared
Internet ~ 15 mbps
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Using High Definition to Link the Calit2 Buildings:Living Greener
June 2, 2008
LifeSize System
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HD Talk to Australia’s Monash University from Calit2:Reducing International Travel
July 31, 2008
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The OptIPuter Creates an OptIPlanet Collaboratory:Enabling Data-Intensive e-Research
www.evl.uic.edu/cavern/sage
“OptIPlanet: The OptIPuter Global Collaboratory” –
Special Section of Future Generations Computer Systems, Volume 25, Issue 2,
February 2009
Calit2 (UCSD, UCI), SDSC, and UIC Leads—Larry Smarr PIUniv. Partners: NCSA, USC, SDSU, NW, TA&M, UvA, SARA, KISTI, AIST
Industry: IBM, Sun, Telcordia, Chiaro, Calient, Glimmerglass, Lucent
Over 50 OptIPortals Worldwide
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Source: Maxine Brown, OptIPuter Project Manager
GreenInitiative:
Can Optical Fiber Replace Airline Travel
for Continuing Collaborations
?
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Just in Time OptIPlanet Collaboratory:Live Session Between NASA Ames and Calit2@UCSD
Source: Falko Kuester, Calit2; Michael Sims, NASA
View from NASA AmesLunar Science Institute
Mountain View, CA
Virtual Handshake
HD compressed 6:1
From Start to This Image in
Less Than 2 Weeks!
Visit Yesterday byJPL’s Firouz Naderi
Feb 19, 2009
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Room-to-Room Telepresence on a Global Scale
Covise, Phil Weber, Jurgen Schulze, Calit2CGLX, Kai-Uwe Doerr , Calit2
www.calit2.net/newsroom/release.php?id=1219
January 15, 2008No Calit2 Person Physically Flew to Australia to Bring This Up!
January 15, 2007 Melbourne, Australia
Calit2@San Diego
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Coupling AARNet - CENIC/PW - CANARIE Optical Nets:An Australian-U.S.-Canada Green ICT Testbed
Exploring “Zero Carbon” Data Centers and Telepresence Collaboration
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International Symposia on Green ICT
Calit2@UCSD
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“It Will Be the Biggest Single Peacetime Project Humankind Will Have Ever Undertaken”