Geodetic Control Network Lecture 1. The purpose of Geodetic Control Networks,
DIGITAL GEODETIC DATA, BASIS FOR SUCCESSFUL DISASTER MANAGEMENT
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Transcript of DIGITAL GEODETIC DATA, BASIS FOR SUCCESSFUL DISASTER MANAGEMENT
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DIGITAL GEODETIC DATA, BASIS FOR SUCCESSFUL DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
Sonja Dimova, PhD
Agency for Real Estate Cadastre
May 04-06 2009, Skopje
7th international Workshop on the "Cross-border Disaster eResponse in the eRegion:
Interoperability of Information Systems of the Organizations Involved"
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DISASTER CLASSIFICATION
1.Natural disasters are events caused by uncontrolled acts of natural forces endangering the life and health of the people and animals and cause damage to property, cultural heritage and damage to the environment.
Disasters generated from dynamic processes which occur under the surface (earthquakes, tsunami, volcano, eruptions)
Disasters caused by meteorological and hydro meteorological phenomenon (floods, fires, strong
winds, drought, avalanches…)
2.Technological disasters are: explosions, chemical leakage, contamination, biological disasters - epidemics..
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DISASTER/CRISIS MANAGEMENT
(1)How to define? The disaster management is a discipline in which the involved parties are preparing for the disaster before it happens, during the disaster and the reconstruction after the disaster.
(2)Successful management of the disasters highly depends from the availability , the dissemination and the effective use of the information.
-Mechanism for providing services monitoring, warning and decrease of damages-adequate access to information avoiding overlap
of different levels of users(3)Economic support adequate attention to risk from the
disasters, protection as well as disaster management reducing the human and economic losses
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STAGES OF THE DISASTER MANAGEMENT
PARTICIPANTS: public and private sector, voluntary organizations, municipal organizations
and individual citizens
2. ReadinessModels and simulations
1. Protection planningIdentificationZoning
3. Reaction/solutionEvacuation routes
4. ReconstructionEstimates of damages and sheltering
Pri
or
dis
aste
r
After
disaster
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GEODESY AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT
The establishment of safety measures which use advanced geodetic technologies contribute to the protection of the citizen, the land and the property, as well as minimizing the losses.
-Technology for remote detection, meteorological satellites, communication systems and satellite navigation play a significant role in the support of the disaster management, provide accurate and on-time information and communication support.-Geo-positioned information from : satellites, topographic maps, cadastre maps, combined with other relevant data into one information system have the objective to evaluate and decrease the disaster risk, -Monitoring the movement of the earth’s surface by
geodetic surveys (example: damns, artificial accumulations)
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POSITIONING OF GEODETIC DATA IN AN INFORMATION CELL
READINESS
Evaluation of damagesHelp planning
Infrastructure/logistics
Population data
Satellite and/or aero
photo images
Topographic maps/cadastre maps with
Information for potentially
critical zones
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Ortho-photo
DTM
Geodetic points
Borderlines
Hydro graphics
Traffic roads
Use of land. /ownership
Gas network
Water supply network
Electrical network
Critical zones(earthquake)
Population
Critical zones(floods)
Basic cartographic data Theme data
MULTI-PURPOSE USE OF CARTOGRAPHIC DATA
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PROVIDING BASIC INFORMATION DURING PROTECTION PLANNING
Disaster Protection Data collection Planning/
warning
Earthquake Geological maps and Maps for land use
Geodynamic surveys Identification of potential zones,Production of map for the possible disaster
Eruptions Topographic maps(land use)
Measuring of gas emissions Mapping of the lava and the measurements,Production of map for the possible disaster
Land slide Topographic maps(land use)
Measuring rains and surface stability
Mapping of surveyed data and analysis
Floods Topographic maps(land use) andMaps of flooding zones
Measuring: rains, water surfacesand evaporation
Mapping of data and supplementing with zone predictions
Rains/Storms
Topographic maps(land use)
Measuring of rains Supplementing the map with the measurements and the predictions
Droughts Topographic maps(land use)
Measuring of temperature,
Climate models
Supplementing the map with the measurements and vegetation monitoring
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EARLY DETECTION OF FIRESGNSS, satellite/aero images
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Identification of the consequences caused by eruptions/ visualization of earthquakes
Satellite images of a volcano before and after eruption
Anticipation and simulation of earthquakes/monitoring (performing seismic measurements, simulations and plan for prevention)
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Visualization of a flooding zone in function of successful flood management
Basis for visualization - ortophoto map and DTM
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Anticipation method - characteristics
Anticipation of flooding zones in function of the time
SafetyMeasures
Simulated time
perspective
Level of watermark - per zones
SafetyMeasures
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Map for preventive protection Potentially risky zone
Map of zones to be potentially flooded
Map for management of the disaster- the flood
Supplementing with evacuation routes, etc
hill
Evacuation zone
Evacuation routes
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Quality of the geo-positioned information
Data quality:Source - the data source;Positional accuracy - accuracy of X,Y i.e. X,Y,Z
location (geometric)Attribute accuracy – is accuracy in a thematic,
descriptive or numeral value assigned to the event Completeness – is the assessment of the level of data
completeness - lack/excessLogical consistency – topology building – data
synchronization Semantic accuracy – is the data description
quality/the text accuracy Update – time when the data is collected
Weaknesses: lack of data, inadequate scale and type, updateness ....Role of the surveyors: survey and mapping expertise to obtain quality data necessary for the successfull disaster managment
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Geodetic data as GIS component
GIS development: Geodetic data (cadastre maps, topog.maps, ortophoto,
aero/satellite images...) Functional organization of the data into a data base and
data maintenance/updating
Strengths of the GIS Mechanism for integration of data from various sources analyses, planning and safety On-time decision-making Services to all involved subjects Data distribution-WEB solutions
Software
Geodetic data base
Hardware
GIS
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Phases of the disasters
GIS solutions Benefits
Planning GIS maps for disasters, damage assessment by using GIS
Easy maintenance, different formats, online access, tool for improving the capability, description of the risky zones and consequences
Mitigation Municipal zoning and defining safety zones
Preparedness for a short time and putting efforts for standard development
Readiness Development of a scenario, models and simulations
Anticipating and planning, development per zones and risk reduction, preparation and training
Solutions Evacuation routes and safety management
Fast identification of the routes, alternative routes, data related to safety
Reconstruction Damage assessment and help for the population
Accurate data base, geo-referenced information
GIS benefits
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Integration of a GIS on a national level NSDI (National Spatial Data Infrastructure)
Types of spatial data in the NSDI Survey, cadastre and cartography Protected zones, national parks, historic monuments Statistical data Spatial planning Environmental protection
Scope of the NSDI electronic spatial data from the bodies of central government, the
local self-government units, the public services and legal advisors entrusted with the spatial data management
policy
Standards*
Networkaccess*
Spatial data
users
NSDI-basic model
NSDI FunctionalityEstablishment of meta data, spatial data maintenance,Networking technology*, access, sharing and use of the spatial data* and mechanism for coordination steps and procedures
*link
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Relation: NSDI - disaster management
AREC is obliged to establish and maintain the public access to metadata via internet (accessibility of easy and a secure method, time saving and finance for data development and maintenance)
Internet communication
Analyses planning
REGIONALDATA
WEB GISusers
GEOPORTAL
NSDICENTRAL GIS
GIS applications
GIS FOR DISASTERMANAGEMENT
AREC
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Public Campaign
Institutions - defining a clear role and the connection to the successful collecting, processing, archiving, integration and sharing of spatial data
Tasks and Responsibilities Trainings for: use of maps for disaster management,
development of new maps for evacuation together with the local population and other representatives
Training and education program - workshops where the evacuation plan will be discussed
Using the media and the school centers Pamphlets, brochuresCapacity building at a local and a regional level
(awareness raising)
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Participants in the workshop
Example for a workshop
LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT -Chair-
Urban planners
Engineers
Trainers
Citizens
Fire protection
Medicalinstitution
Local tourists
Encouraging the local population to participate in drafting the evacuation plan and discussion for its use
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Conclusion
The successful crises management mostly depends from the accessibility, the dissemination and the effective use of the spatial data
Establishment of mechanisms for on-line access to geodetic data which will be the basis for: monitoring, warning, damage assessment as well as reduction of the disaster consequences
Use of standards, interoperability systems and techniques during the collecting, processing, archiving, integration and sharing of the digital geodetic data
On-time delivery/providing with updated and accurate digital geodetic data on a local, national and global level
Communication support which is made via the systems for communication, navigation and positioning
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Thank you for the attention !
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Additional Information
• http://www.gsi.go.jp• http://www.gdrc.org/uem/disasters• http://www.gisdevelopment.net• http://www.jma.go.jp• http://www.ocdi.or.jp• http://www.inmh.ro/images/Floods• http://earth.esa.int/ew/volcanoes