Digital Control System.pdf
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Downloaded from www .bhawesh.com.np Date: 2070/4/20 Digital control system: The rapid increase in the use of digital controller in the controlled system is due to its achievement in the optimum performance. Digital control system provides optimal performance in the form of maximum productivity, maximum profit, minimum cost or minimum energy use etc. The application of computer control has made possible the intelligent motion in industrial robots, the optimization of the fuel economy in automobiles and refinement in the operations of house hold appliances and machines such as microwave ovens, washing machine, Air-conditioning. Decision making capability and flexibility in the control programs are major advantages of digital control system. The current trend towards rather then analog control system is mainly due do the availability of low cost digital computers and the advantages found in working with digital signals rather then c ontinuous time signals. Basic Blocks of Digital control s ystem: S/H Digital Hold Plant or + and Control DAC Actuator Process - Circuit ADC System Digital Clock Control Transducer Figure 1 shows the basic block diagram or principle of DCS . The controller operation is performed or controlled by the clock. In such a DCS points of the systems pass signals of varying amplitude either in continuous time or discrete time or in numerical code. 1. Sample and Hold ( S/H) : It is the circuit that receives an analog input signal and holds this signals at a constant value for a specified period of time. Usually the signal is electrical but it may be optical or mechanical. 2. ADC: ADC also called an encoder is a device that converts an analog signal into a digital signal, usually a numerically coded signal in binary form. Such a converter is need as an interface between an analog component and the digital component. Basically ADC involves sampling , quantizing and encoding. 3. Digital Computer: The digital computer processes the sequences of numbers by mean of an algorithm an produces an new sequences of numbers. 4. DAC: DAC also called an decoder is a device that converts a digital signal ( Numerically coded data) into an analog signal. It acts as an the interfacing device between the digital component and an analog component. The real time clock in the computer synchronizes the events. The output of the hold circuit which is continuous time signal is fed the plant either directly or through the actuator which controls the dynamics of the system ( i.e it smoothens the slope of the signal) 5. Plant or process: A plant is a physical object to be controlled. The examples are a furnace, chemical reactors and a set of machine parts functioning together to perform a particular operations such as servo system etc. 6. Transducer/sensor: A transducer is a device that converts an input signal into an output signal of a another form such as device that converts a temperature into a voltage output ( thermistor or thermocouple ), an optical signal into voltage ( phototransistor ) Downloaded from ww w.bhawesh.com.np / - 1
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