Broomfield High School 2010Broomfield High School 2010

This is a collection of simple guides & tutorials created to be used in

conjunction with Eric Mickens Digital Art Classes copyright 2007.

Version 2.0 beta

ARTISTIC CREATION

LAYOUT

TOOLS

ADJUSTMENTS

BACKUP

TABLE

CONTENT

MEDIA

FXMASKS

02INSIDE02-71

GLOSSARY

ILLUSTRATOR

FREE SOFTWARE

SYMBOL key

ASSIGNMENTS

TOOLS

Symbol KeyNon destructive -

Destructive -Layers -

Canvas/ Starting (new project) -

Edge control -

Selection -

Layer styles -

Levels -

Color tools -

Clipping -

Transform tool -

Hyperlinks - Any word or phrase that looks like this

Layout -

Rulers -

ECFILTERS -

Symbols will appear on certain page to help guide you.

Back-up -

Masks -

Digital Art logo -

BACKUPBACKUP & STORAGESAVING FILES (FOR GRADING)

BACKUP CHECKLIST

FLASH DRIVES

SAVES AS

04INSIDE03-09

Type to enter text

BACK

SAVE ASAlways use (save as) instead of (save).

-If you use (save) you will loose the ability to (re-name) your file. You will save over any file that has the

same file name.

SAVING FILES for Grading

“USE ONLY MERGE VISIBLE”This merges all visible layers, so make sure this is only done when you are at the end of your project...

-Then save your file as (project nameFINAL.psd)

note: make sure your saved file name is accurate.

THIRD THING TO DO...(Project name Final.psd File)(This is your saved photoshop file with all VISIBLE LAYERS merged & with only one layer visible)

Remember these settings & set-up are not optional....

Your Turn-in Folder should be labeled like this...

Note: this file is what we use for printing

FOURTH THING TO DO...ADD Media that you have used to your turn-in Folder: ALL pictures used, scanned drawings used, Artist statements, andself-evaluation in .pdf form...

SECOND THING TO DO...(project nameWorking.psd File)(This is your saved photoshop file with all LAYERS intact & visible)

FIRST THING TO DO...CREATE a TURN-IN FOLDERAll files must be placed in a Turn-in Folder WITH YOUR LAST NAME then FIRST NAME as the title.

Your Turn-in Folder should contain...

1. Your working file labeled properly

2. Your Final file labeled (& merged) properly

3. ALL of your original Media (This includes your self-evaluation & all pictures used.

CD-R’SCD-R’s can be used as storage. Students can purchase blank CD-R’s using their “Art Cards”.

-note: CD-R’s are not re-writable. so once

they are finalized, no more data can be added.

IPOD DOCK CONNECTORIn order to use your ipod as a storage device, you will need to enable the disk use feature in the preferences & have a USB dock connected.

USB FLASH DRIVEAT LEAST 1GB OF STORAGE.

-note: try to look for a flash drives that is compatible with both Mac & Windows.

Backup/Storage

Knowing how to properly back-up is key to surviving that inevitable bad “technology” day...

BACK-UP CHECK LISTIf you have only one copy of a FILE then you have no copies!!!

BACK-UP CHECK LIST

Do I have multiple copies of my file(s) that are up-to-date?

Do I have multiple files saved in two completely different places? i.e. two different hard-drives.

ALWAYS BACK UP

Many devices such as USB flash drives, Solid State Drives (SSD), and memory cards (CF, SD, etc) use NAND memory to store data. NAND memory is inexpensive however it does have its faults. These are some interesting things i've learned while recovering data from bad USB flash drives:

1. Files ARE NOT deletedWhile NAND memory is solid state (no moving parts) individual sectors fail after 10K to 100K writes. To prevent failure each write operation stores data in a different location (wear leveling). If a file is deleted or overwritten numerous times using a “file shredder” application the original data will remain on the physical chip because each pass will write to a different physical sector. The only secure way to use flash devices is with an encryption layer such as TrueCrypt for USB drives and BitLocker for Solid State Drives (SSD).

2. Cheap ComponentsAs flash drives come down in price so have the quality of components. Many USB flash drive manufacturers are using untested NAND memory, choosing to rely upon the controller to handle bad blocks. Bad clock generators, faulty controllers, and buggy firmware are other common failures. While it’s no guarantee (*cough* PNY Anttache) I recommend buying flash drives from known manufacturers and staying away from inexpensive unbranded drives.

3. Flash Drives ARE NOT IndestructibleUSB Flash Drives are susceptible to wear and tear, static shock and power fluctuations. One frequent killer of USB Flash drives is removal during a write operation. This can cause corruption to the internal wear leveling tables that tell the controller where each sector is stored on the NAND flash chip. To prevent further corruption the drive will stop working resulting in errors like “Unknown Device” or “Unrecognized Device” and incorrect drive capacities (ie. Total Size: 0MB). Never unplug the drive while it’s in use. If possible, always use the “Safely Remove Hardware” applet.

4. Short LifetimeNewer high capacity NAND chips (MLC) have a shorter life time (~10K writes per sector) than older SLC chips (~100k writes per sector). Remapping bad blocks, wear leveling, and error correcting code (ECC) are used to prevent and identify failure. These technologies show their faults when there is no free space and a file is continually written to. For example premature failure can occur if the drive is full and the page file is actively used.

5. Very Difficult Data RecoveryWhile data recovery is usually possible if the NAND chip isn’t physically damaged, this often involves removing the NAND chip and reverse engineering the controller to decode the data. Unlike hard drive data recovery, NAND data recovery is a relatively new field. Besides us, there are very few small data recovery shops that specialize in it. Most NAND data recovery is performed by the government and big data recovery shops at a high price. As with any other storage medium,

Don’t rely on a flash drive to keep backups of your important data. Instead use a flash-drive to transfer data between computer hard-drives.

5 Truths About Flash Drivesby Jeremy Brock

LAYOUTPHOTOSHOP LAYOUT

CANVAS

TOOL BAR

MINI WINDOWS

LAYERSMINI WINDOW/

TOOLBAR

GROUPS

STARTING

NEW PROJECT

COLOR PICKER

RULERS/ GUIDES

10INSIDE10-22

FOREGROUND

BACKGROUNDBACK

CHANGING YOUR CANVAS AFTER YOU START A PROJECT MAY CAUSE SOME ISSUES.Note: It is better to know your dimensions at the beginning.

THE BIGGER THE IMAGE SIZE THE SLOWER PHOTOSHOP WILL RUN...

NEW “CANVAS” SCREENYour canvas size should not be bigger than 11 x 14. Your Resolution should always stay at 300 resolution.

Note: 18 x 14 is a big canvas, your canvas’s will

always be smaller than this...

Starting a New ProjectTo start a new project: Go to FILE and select NEW.

PHOTOSHOP LAYOUT

"THE SCIENCE OF HOW THINGS ARE KNOWN VIA THE SENSES."

How you arrange your desktop is up to you. But keep in mind that functionality is key to having an

enjoyable user experience when using software.

Your Tools(right side)

individual Tool: toolbar

Mini -Windows

Menu Bar: save,print, & other

Canvas

free space

free space

Document/Canvas size info

AESTHETICS

TRANSPARENT(you can see the Pixels)

This Indicates if the file has been saved

ZOOM % Document/File SIZEThis tells you how much or little you are zoomed in on the canvas.

This tells you how big or small your complete file is.

CANVASThe canvas is “where the magic of creation happens”.

CLICK AND HOLD (ARROW IN BOTTOM RIGHT CORNER) TO REVEAL MORE TOOLS. This will not only change the tool you are using, but it will change the individual tool, tool bar.

“KNOWING YOUR TOOLS

IS HALF THE BATTLE”.It is very important that you familiarize yourself with the types of tools PhotoShop has to offer.

Tool Bar

Tool Bar

Color PickerThe Visible-Color Spectrum Wheel

hex tripletIs a six-digit, three-byte hexadecimal number used in HTML, CSS, SVG, and other computing applications, to represent colors.

FOREGROUNDBACKGROUND&

Foreground (in front of)

Background (behind)

“DON’T OPEN TO MANY WINDOWS.”

Try to limit the number of mini-windows you open.

-Navigation

-Layers

-History

-Color

MENU BAREach category title will help you to determine what is located within the sub categories. (Editing tools are located under Edit, image tools are located under Image.

4

MINI-WINDOWS SELECTIONSimply click the mini-window you want to become visible. A check mark will appear by the visible mini-windows. To hide a window single click the checked item.

MIN-WINDOWS

MINI-WINDOWS

HISTORYThe history section of the mini window lets you go back to an earlier state of your project.

-NOTE: The History state is not unlimited, the default range is generally between 20-30 steps that you can go back to.

Go back to the future...

-Mini Window

Toolbar

Link Layers

-linking layers is helpful when you need to

moving or adjust more

than one layer

Add Layer Styles

-used to open Layer Styles

window

Add Layer Mask

-Adds a layer mask to the (selected) layer

Add new Group

-Adds a new group

-If you drag an existing layer onto this symbol it will (put that layer

New Fill or Adjustment Layer

-Adds a Fill layer orNew adjustment layer(i.e. Levels, Curves, color, etc)

Add new layer

-Adds a new (blank layer) to your project.-If you drag an existing layer onto this symbol it will (duplicate) that layer.

Trash

-click to delete selected layer orDrag onto this symbol to delete layer

Lock all combines the previous three items.

Lock position protects the layer from being moved.

Lock transparent pixels protects all transparent areas.

Lock image pixels protects all which is not transparent.

MINI-WINDOWSLOCKS

LAYERSNavigator View

*Top Layer

*Middle Layers

*Background

Understanding Layer order is essential to Photoshop.

*Layer Order: Top to Bottom

Background

Top Layer

Middle Layers

(similar to a print view)

GroupsGroups are fundamental to keeping your projects organized.

Using Groups as a powerful tool-

When layers are within a Group you can do things that effect all of the layers at once

(such as: moving, merging, transforming, copying, layer blending, etc...)

Right click on folder

Click on Folder icon to create a

First thing- make sure that (Rulers view) is checked.

TO GET GUIDES-simply (click on the ruler) and drag into position.

-Drag from the top ruler for (horizontal) guide lines

-Drag from the left ruler for (vertical) guide lines

goto the (view) section of the Menu bar and click on Clear Guides.

To clear a guide simply drag the guide back to the ruler from which it came

Or

Rulers/Guides

ELEMENTS &

PRINCIPLES OF ART

COMPOSITION

EDGE CONTROLCREATIVE PROCESSCREATIONARTISTIC

23INSIDE23-29

PAINTING

STRATEGIES

BACK

PRINCIPLES & ELEMENTS

ARTOF

Elements of art Line Shape Form Color Texture Space Value Principles of art Emphasis Balance Harmony Variety Movement Rhythm Proportion Unity

Elements of Art

Line is an element of art which refers to the continuos mark made on some surface by a moving point. It may be two dimensional, like a pencil mark on a p a p e r o r i t m a y b e t h r e e dimensional(wire) or implied( the edge of a shape or form) often it is a outline,contour or silhouette. Shape is an enclosed space defined by other elements of art. shapes may take on the appearance of two-d or three- objects.Form is an element of art that is three-dimensional and encloses volume. Cubes ,spheres,and cylinders are examples of various forms. Color Is an element of art with three properties 1) Hue, the name of the color, e.g. red, yellow, etc. 2) Intensity or the purity and strength of the color such as brightness or dullness. And 3) Value, or the lightness or darkness of the color. Texture refers to the surface quality or "feel" of an object, such as roughness, smoothness, or softness. Actual texture can be felt while simulated textures are implied by the way the artist renders areas of the picture. Space refers to the distance or area between, around, above or within things. It can be a description for both 2 and 3 dimensional portrayals. Value describes the lightness or darkness of a color. Value is needed to express Volume.

Principles of Art

Emphasis in a composition refers to developing points of interest to pull the viewer's eye to important parts of the body of the work. Balance is a sense of stability in the body of work. Balance can be created by repeating same shapes and by creating a feeling of equal weight. Harmony is achieved in a body of work by using similar elements throughout the work, harmony gives an uncomplicated look to your work. Variety refers to the differences in the work, You can achieve variety by using difference shapes, textures, colors and values in your work. Movement adds excitement to your work by showing action and directing the viewers eye throughout the picture plane. Rhythm is a type of movement in drawing and painting. It is seen in repeating of shapes and colors. Alternating lights and darks also give a sense of rhythm. Proportion or scale refers to the relationships of the size of objects in a body of work. Proportions gives a sense of size seen as a relat ionship of objects. such as smallness or largeness. Unity is seen in a painting or drawing when all the parts equal a whole. Your work should not appear dis jointed or confusing.

LINE + SHAPE = FORM

COMPOSITIONHow you arrange objects within your piece (canvas), is one of the most important decisions you will make about your art.

Original Image

Background

Foreground

Middle Ground

Artist Checklist

Do I throughly understand what my goal and/or what the (assignment) is about?

Do I understand the requirements to meet my goal?

Artistic requirements Technical requirements

What sketches or Layout designs do I need to do prior to creating my digital art?

Will another medium help to enhance my digital art?

THE CREATIVE My sketchbook holds my thoughts, ideas, & dreams

My Sketchbook

THE

THE MATRIXA Computer Generated Dream World ...

THE REAL WORLDThe world as we know it...

By William Irwin

What is real? How do you define real? If you're talking about what you can hear, what you can smell, taste and feel then real is simply electrical signals interpreted by your brain.

EDGE CONTROL!Creating Digital Art in Photoshop is all about blending image

elements together.

-Wether you are doing digitally painting or photo manipulating an

image.

“The key to your success is controlling the edges of the added elements”.

EC

Edge control Edge control Edge control

PAINTING

Work form Background to Foreground.

Work form Light to Dark

LINE + Shape = FormSTRATEGIES

Layering Painting “even digital painting” is about layering of colors to create depth & details.

OpacityOpacity is key to blending when digitally painting.

BlendingAll types of digital art require a knowledgeable understanding of blending techniques.

TOOLSLAYER BLENDINGBRUSH TOOLS

TRANSFORM TOOLS

PEN TOOL

GRADIENT TOOLDOGE & BURN TOOL

TEXT TOOL

SELECTION

TOOLS

CLONE TOOL

HEALING BRUSH

SHAPES30INSIDE30-47

BACK

MAGIC WAND TOOLUse the magic wand to select a certain area of an object based on the color or value of that object.

TOLERANCEThe Higher the Number (0-225) the more accurate the tool matches the color.

Check Anti-aliased to define a smooth edge to the selection.

Check Contiguous to select only areas which are joined together.

Check Use All Layers to select areas from all layers.

Magic WandSelection Tools

A good beginning tool for simple selections, but do not use this tool for precise detailed selections.

Instead use the Pin tool.

Selection Tools

Circular Text Tool: best used for selecting round objects/areas.

Square Selection Tool: best used for selecting big areas

Use the selection tool to select a whole or part of an object. (once selected you will see marching ants..) -The selected area can now be edited.

“Marching Ants”

“ALL GOOD PAINTERS NEED GOOD BRUSHES”

* Round: The long closely arranged bristles of these brushes make them useful for detail

* Flat: These are used for spreading paint quickly and evenly over a surface. They will have longer hairs than their Bright counterpart.

* Bright: These are flat brushes with short stiff bristles and can be useful driving paint into the weave of a canvas in

thinner paint applications, as well as thicker painting styles like impasto work.

* Filbert: Flat brushes with domed ends. They allow good coverage and the ability to perform some detail work.

* Fan: These are used for blending broad areas of paint.

* Angle: These, like the Filbert, are versatile and can be

applied in both general painting application as well as some detail work.

* Mop: A larger format brush with a rounded edge for broad soft paint application as well as for getting thinner glazes over existing drying layers of paint without damaging

lower layers.

* Rigger: Round brushes with longish hairs, traditionally used for painting the rigging in pictures of ships. They are useful for fine lines and are versatile for both oils and watercolors.

Foreground & Background Color selector: double click on color to expose color swatches.

The BRUSH ToolBrush quick access toolbar: Only visible when brush is selected from the side toolbar.

The Brush tool: hold bottom right corner for more tools i.e. pencil tool

Type, Diameter & Hardness selection box

Brush Creation 1. First import your picture into (photoshop), then go to EDIT. Select Define Brush Preset.

2. You will then see a labeling box. After you label your new brush click

1.

1.

2.

3. Open up the brush selection window. Make sure you see your newly created brush, then click on the little arrow in the top right corner.

Go to save Brushes....

3.

3.

Brush creation link

Overlay

Multiply

Screen

LAYER Blending

Modes

Imagine looking through a screen door. You can see through it, but images are filtered.-Screen mode tends to lighten an image.

Multiply blend mode makes the black values in a layer darker and the whites values transparent. Depending on the amount of values within a given color, that color will either become darker or more transparent.-Multiply tends to darken an image.

Overlay blend mode tries to blend the different colors within each layer together.

Click on the check mark to finalize the Transformation.

Transform (bounding Box)

TRANSFORMFREE WARP SCALE DISTORT ROTATE PERSPECTIVESKEW

The transform tool is able to change the size, shape, and look of an objects (pixels).

Free Transform

Allows you to (freely) or transform an object in different ways.

-You can scale, rotate,skew, and warp

The transform tool is able to change the size, shape, and look of an object.

Click on the Warp mode to switch between warp and free transform modes.

-Warp mode gives you a selectable guide w/ points & side handles and arm-bars.

By clicking & Dragging on the side handle will make arm-bars appear. This will let you warp more accurately).

Side Handles

Warp is a free form tool.

TRANSFORMFREE WARP SCALE DISTORT ROTATE PERSPECTIVESKEW

TRANSFORMFREE WARP SCALE DISTORT ROTATE PERSPECTIVESKEW

The transform tool is able to change the size, shape, and look of an objects (pixels).

Skew

Perspective

Skew - is a transform tool that is a orthogonal. Skew restrict movement to strictly vertical or strictly horizontal.

Perspective - is a transform tool that fallows the rules of perspective aligning with a vanishing point.

DON’T USE THESE SETTINGS!

+ Anchor points let you make a strait line curved.

To use: Click & (release) between the two points. Pull on arms to fine tune curves Note: Put points at the beginning and end of a curve.

Pen Tool

To Add points: (single)

The pen tool is like a vector based tool. Vector images are represented by geometric shapes such as lines, circles and curves ( & not pixels ).

Use the Convert point tool (to make points visible).

Make sure you see & use these settings!

-Once you have created the Work Path around your image.

-Select the Path tab and drag the (working Path) to the load selection icon: -this will load the path as a selection

-Now that the path is a selection you can edit the selected area.

Load selection

Pen Tool (continued)

(use this exercise to fine tune your pen tool skills)

-note: Try to use as few points as possible

This exercise is to be used with the pen tool exercise .PSD file you were

given.

Pen Tool Exercise

The Dodge & Burn mini toolbar is similar to the paintbrush mini toolbar.

DODGE & BURN

DODGE TOOL-USE this to LIGHTEN (shadows, midtones, & highlights).

BURN TOOL-USE this to DARKEN (shadows, midtones, & highlights).

Click & (hold) to see the tools that are not displayed.

Choose which area of the picture you want to (effect)

Shadows = Blacks (dark areas)

Midtones = Middle greys (in between areas)

Highlights = Whites (light areas)

Brush size Exposure can be treated like the (opacity) option of the paintbrush tool.

Gradient Tool“A rate of change with respect to distance of a variable quantity.”

The Gradient tool allows you to select different color patterns.

Click and Drag cursor across Layer to determine the length/size of the Gradient.

Radial Traditional

8

Hi-light these little images (by clicking on them) to change the type of Gradient.

A b BC d EF g HI j K

ONCE YOU HAVE YOUR TEXT IN IT’S OWN LAYER. TOOLS TO USE: TRANSFORM, GRADIENT & LAYER STYLES TO REALLY MAKE YOUR TEXT “POP”.

TEXT Tool

STEP # 1Select The (selection )text tool then type your font.

STEP # 2Once you have your selection, use the mini tool tool-bar to resize

STEP # 3Once you are finished (de-select) the text and COPY & PASTE to a new

-You will see a selection font that will allows you to put a picture into the font.

-Make sure you are on the layer that

STEP # 1 To clone the Sand Hold Down ALT key then click (w mouse the area you want to clone: The Clone SCOPE will appear.

Conclusion: up w/ CLONED SAND Here

Origin

Final

Close up

STEP # 2 You should now see What/Where you are going to clone (circle symbol).Note: This is the place where you are going to put the newly clone

STEP # 3 You will now see the (what’s being Cloned crosshairs)

note: Watch this symbol closely, because this is what is being clone.

Clone Stamp

USE THE HEALING BRUSH TO REMOVE AND ADD TEXTURE.The Healing brush tool is used like the clone stamp (hold down option key to get the “scope curser”). It removes text, spots and scratches while preserving the texture and values underneath or next to the text, scratch, or spot.

Healing Brush

Healing Brush Tool used to remove the Text

But(still preserving the skin texture).

-MORE CONTROL of your EDITING

go under the Edit menu, choose Fade Healing Brush

EXTRA

CUSTOM SHAPESCustom Shapes can be used & created very similar to (see: created brushes).

By clicking on this icon you will get a drop down menu were your custom shapes can be found

Once you have selected & made your shape you have created a work path (notice the skinny gray lines).

-This work path can be edited in the same way any Path can be edited.

Click on the load selection icon to make the path a selection

Make sure you see these settings.

LEVELS

COLOR ADJUSTMENTS

ADJUSTMENT

TOOLS

48INSIDE48-54

ADJUSTMENTS

BLACK

&WHITE

IMAGE MODES

ADJUSTMENTS

LAYERS

BLENDING MODE

GrayscaleGrayscale files consist of an image that only uses values. -In Photoshop are always either 8- or 16-bit images: Anything less than 8-bit gets converted to 8-bit.

RGBEvery color computer monitor and television in the world displays color using the RGB image mode, in which every color is produced with varying amounts of red, green, and blue light.

Index ColorWhile indexed color can save disk space (it requires only 8 bits per sample point, rather than the full 24 in RGB mode—see below), it gives you only 256 different colors. That's not a lot of colors, when you compare it to the 16.7 million different colors you can get in RGB.

CMYKTraditional full-color printing presses can print only four colors in a run: cyan, magenta, yellow, and black. Every other color in the spectrum is simulated using various combinations of those colors. When you open a file saved in CMYK mode, Photoshop has to convert the CMYK values to RGB values on the fly, in order to display the image on your computer screen. It's important to remember that when you look at the screen, you're looking at an RGB version of the data.

Lab ColorLab doesn't describe a color by the components that make it up (RGB or CMYK, for instance). Instead, it describes what a color looks like.

Photoshop uses Lab mode as a reference when switching between CMYK and RGB modes

Bit Map"flat" black-and-white images, in which each pixel is defined using one bit of data (a zero or a one), are bitmaps.limited in the sorts of image editing you can do. For instance, you can't use any filters

Multichannel mode This mode is the generic mode: like RGB or CMYK-Many scientific and astronomical images are made in "false color"—the channels may be a combination of radar, infrared, and ultraviolet, in addition to various colors of visible light.

extra colors aren't typically used to simulate colors in the image; rather, they're used to extend the dynamic range of the underlying grayscale image. Those expensive Ansel Adams books on your coffee table were very likely printed using three or four (or even five or six) different black and gray inks.

Duotone

IMAGE MODESIf you find that you cannot edit a file, and a lot of tools are grayed out, check the image mode.

Adjusting each slider will increase or decrease the input level of the Value.

LEVELSBlack White

MiddleGrey

A full range of Values can add a lot to a picture, such as depth, distance, and texture, to name a few...

Adjustments: can

dramatically effect your

piece with a click or a slide.

Output Levels effect all values at once.

Color AdjustmentsThe Visible-Color Spectrum Wheel

The Preserve Luminosity option prevents the brightness from being changed.

Adjust the sliders to change the color of the layer you are currently on.

It is best to start your adjustments with the Midtones, as they will have more of a global effect than either Shadows or Highlights. You will need to adjust all three Shadows Midtones and Highlights settings before you click OK.

Color Adjustments BLACK & WHITE

^

Red slider at -200 (red removed) Yellow slider at 300 (yellow maxed out) Tint checked

You need to have an understanding of what colors are in an image. -This will allow you to adjust the sliders to effect those colors when you turn your image black & white..

Adjustment LayersThe best thing about creating an adjustment layer is that it is non destructive (“no pixels are being harmed”).

Make sure you are selected on the image layer before clicking the adjustment layer icon.

The Adjustment Layer can be adjusted at anytime.

-And If you wish to delete the adjustment layer you will not effect your original image layer.

Click on the Adjustment Layer icon then select the desired adjustment option.

BlendingMODEThe blending mode: specified in the options bar the

blending mode controls how pixels in the image are affected by a painting or editing tool.

When you think of the blending mode you should always ask yourself simple questions:

How can I bring this piece/ Layers together?

How can I control my edges?

To see the Description of ALL the Blending Modes click the link below:

http://livedocs.adobe.com/en_US/Photoshop/10.0/help.html?content=WSfd1234e1c4b69f30ea53e41001031ab64-77e9.html

MEDIAGOOGLE IMAGES

COPYRIGHT

STOCK PHOTO SITES

FILE TYPES

54INSIDE54-62

.PDF’s

INPUT DEVISES

VectorAs opposed to the raster image formats (where the data describes the characteristics of each individual pixel), vector image formats contain a geometric description which can be rendered smoothly at any desired display size.

Raster If vector programs are usually "drawing" programs, then raster applications tend to be considered "painting" programs. Just as Van Gogh used to paint a brush point or dot at a time, raster applications create their images a pixel (based on "picture element") at a time.

.PSD - Adobe Photoshop The file format photoshop uses

.JPG or (jpeg)- Joint Photographic Expression Group

.PNG - Portable Network Graphics more potent and flexible than GIF, retaining all of GIF's latest improvements (such as GIF89a transparency) while adding features, such as full 8-bit and 24-bit color palette options.

.GIF - Graphics Interchange Format

.TIFF - Tagged Image File FormatThe Tagged Image File Format is, perhaps, the most cross-platform-friendly of file formats, at least for the printed world

.BMP- Bit MaP not unlike TIFF, but far less universal. Photoshop-friendly, and has some cross-platform virtue, albeit limited.

A format developed by the Joint Photographic Expression Group, it is popular for Web use with continuous-tone (read: photographic) images, -but is less appropriate for use in print, as it achieves its economic file sizing by being a "lossy" format

A Compuserve®-trademarked format for online transmission and display of pixel-based images. These files are generally small, and images best saved as GIFs are line art, those containing solid blocks of color, and lacking in continuous tone, gradient-type images.

.AI - Adobe illustrator

The File Format Illustrator uses

.FLV - Flash Video

.FILE TYPESVector Raster

.PSD .JPG .PNG .GIF .BMP .AI.TIFF .FLV .PDF

.PDF - Portable Document Format Not considered a graphic file format to purists, but the default "image distribution" format.

OTHER FILE FORMATSThese are other file formats that are important for digital artists.

“Your files are your art, you must know how and where they are saved at all times”

Flash Video is a file format used to deliver video over the Internet using Adobe Flash Player

.PDFPor

tabl

e

Doc

umen

t

Form

at

Format

Document

Portable

Use PDF’s to distribute graphical documents

You can store & also print large amounts of information from the web.

The content you want to add is a form you would like people to be able to print, fill out and send in to you.

If the content is a long document, it can be difficult to read on a computer screen. PDF’s can help make viewing long documents look more natural and easier to read.

Multimedia capable

Why use PDF’s?

COPYRIGHT

“IF YOU USE IT,

CHANGE IT”Always know where you are getting images from. -Only use stock photo sites that have pictures that are public domain and royalty free.

Respect & Understand what a watermark means. Read the License agreement

images

Your resolution should always be HD quality or above.

1080P: 1920×1080 (HD on TV)This is the best HD quality currently available on a TV. -Note: A computer monitors resolution is generally much higher than that of a TV.

IMAGE SIZE FILTER

Image Type Filter

Use the (Adv. Image Search) to get better results.

Small images become pixellated & loose detail when you make them

This image is 315 X 290 (it looks OK now?)THIS IS NOT A USABLE RESOLUTION IN THIS CLASS (REGARDLESS OF THE PROJECT)

STOCK PHOTO SITES1. Stock.Xchnghttp://www.sxc.hu/index.phtml 2. Public-Domain-Photos

http://www.public-domain-photos.com/

3. Everystockphotohttp://www.everystockphoto.com/

4. StockVaulthttp://www.stockvault.net/

5. Pixel Perfect Digitalhttp://www.pixelperfectdigital.com/free_stock_photos/

INPUT DEVISES(Human) Input devises: Eyes, nose, mouth, skin, hands & feet

Film cameras

1080p Digital Camera

Flatbed Scanner

The “Real World”

The “MATRIX”

The path between the The Real World & The Matrix.

INPUT DEVISESTABLETS & Multi Touch

Bamboo Fun Wacom Tablets ( The beginner tablet).

Cintiq (A tablet with a pen tough screen)

Augmented Reality

-A 3D (holographic) concept that allows you to physically interact w/ the “matrix”.

Micro-Soft Table Top PC w/ Multi-Touch.

Intuos 4

Tablets are (a must for a true graphic artist).

(Advanced tablet)

Cintiq (A tablet with a pen tough screen)

Bamboo Wacom Tablets ( The intermediate tablet).

iPhone(cellphone w/ multi-touch)

Apple’s touch screen tablet concept).

Apple’s touch screen tablet concept).

Palm Pre(cellphone w/ multi-touch)

More and more we want our interaction with computers to be more natural.

HTML 5Augmented Reality

Streisand effect

EULA

Fair U

sesocial networking

Cloud computing

TECHKNOWLEDGE

User interface

TrendsWhat’s new

Life Changing

productivity

Write a 1 page or 500 word paper on one of the subjects (below) to increase your tech knowledge.

Net Neutrality

FXCLIPPINGLAYER STYLES

FILTERS

SHADOWSDEPTH of FIELD

GAUSSIAN BLUR

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DEPTH of FIELD

LENS FLAIR

SMART FILTERS

Layer Styles/Effects used on that specific layer.note; click on the eye to turn style off/on double clicking the style to open up more options.

Double click blending options to open the:

(Layer Style Box)note: within the layer style box you can select individual effects.

“Layer Styles should be used to enhance an already solid piece...”

LAYER STYLESTake your piece to the next level...

These effects can add a lot to an already solid peace.

Click on the style word to get blending options.

Click on the check mark to activate the default style.

LAYER STYLESTo activate the Layer Styles menu (double click) on the layer or click the FX icon on the Mini-windows tool-bar.

Clipping

While holding down (ALT) move your mouse in between the (image layer: top layer) and the text layer.

You will see the clipping symbol

Then click

Clipping Masks let you easily put an images inside another image.

An example of this would be when you see an image inside text.

Because you are using a mask the layers are not (destroyed)

Step # 1 duplicate your image layer.

Step # 2 create a blank layer, then fill with desired color.

Step # 3 make a text layer (make the text color black)

Step # 4 Put your layers in this order.

Make sure the layer order looks like this...

Once you have clipped, you will see this symbol

ClippingContinued

What your image should look like with the the (black & background layers) turned off.

(Black & background) turned on.

FILTERSOnly use once

Filers are used to add effects to your piece.

Filters are very powerful tools that should be used with caution.

Normal Filters are DESTRUCTIVE to the layer(s) they are used on.

Generally filters should be used towards the end of your creative process.

Now that your layer is a (Smart Object)-You can add (non-destructive) filter

Note: you can always identify which layers are smart object when you see this ICON.

Selected (Original Layer) Go to the filters (menu) to convert the layer into a smart object.

FILTERSSMARTSmart Filters are Non destructive-They will allow you to edit the filter without permanently editing the original layer

Click on the (EYE) to (de)activate the filter

Click on the filters box to select it -you will see (Brackets) around the smart filters box -You can then delete the filter.

FILTERSSMARTSmart Filters are Non destructive-They will allow you to edit the filter without permanently editing the original layer

DEPTH of FIELDPerspective

Gaussian blur

*Note: gaussian function (named after Carl Friedrich Gauss) is a function of the form:

Blurring an image by a *Gaussian function.

Use the Gaussian blur filter to create a dynamic depth of field within an image.

STEP # 1 -Duplicate the layer that you want the Gaussian blur filter to be on.

-Make sure the (new) Blur layer is on top of the Original (non blur) layer.

STEP #2 -Then go to Filter in the menu bar (select blur, Gaussian Blur)

-A *Gaussian blur (radius) box will appear. (see next page)

STEP #4 -*Gaussian blur (radius) box

Zoom in or out of preview

Increasing the (Radius), will increase the area effected & the amount of the blur.

DEPTH of FIELDPerspective

Gaussian blurBlurring an image by a Gaussian function.

:continued

Use (LOW) opacity% to control your edges.

STEP #5 -Use the (ERASER TOOL) to erase the blur effect from the desired part of the image you want to become (in-focus).

BLUR AREA

ERASED AREA

SHADOWS

Click on the Drop shadow to (move) it

Adjust the Drop shadow settings to get a realistic shadow.

You must decide where your light is coming from to create realist a shadows.

SHADOWSOnce you are done creating the drop shadow right click on the FX symbol to get the drop down menu.

SHADOWS

Use the Transform (skew) tool to create a realistic shadows.

Use the Transform Tool to adjust your shadows.

Make sure you are on the drop shadow layer.

Lens blurDEPTH of FIELD

Perspective

Depth of Field is: the distance between the nearest and furthest object.

By understand the idea of Depth of Field you can guide the “viewers eye” around your piece.

-Make the viewer see what you want them to see,you are in control of your art.

Before adding (Lens blur) edit your image so each part of your piece is edited properly.

Car

ORIGINAL LAYERSFINAL LAYERS

Lens blurDEPTH of FIELD

Perspective

Try these settings the first time. Then adjust as needed.

This is the background duplicated layer (with some erasing) added to help with EDGE CONTOL.

Lens blurDEPTH of FIELD

Perspective

Lens Blur effect (creates) a dynamic depth of Field

Original picture without lens blur

“Large” Depth of Field

“Shallow” Depth of Field

Notice how the perspective has changed.

MASKSMASKS BASICS

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MASKSThe Basics A mask is a powerful non-destructive editing option. Your

ability to use masks will increase your edge control.

This diagram illustrates what a layer mask does to your photoshop document.In this example;

The Background layer is Green.

(layer 1) which is above the background layer is yellow.

The layer to the right of (layer 1) is the Layer Mask.

The black ellipse is hiding the the corresponding pixels in the yellow layer (Layer 1).

Note: What you see in a photoshop document window is always the result of looking down on the layers in the layers palette, starting at the top layer and in most cases ending with a background layer.

The yellow layer has a hole in where the black ellipse is. That' is why it's the only area where we can see the layer below or (green layer).

The result is a yellow canvas with a green ellipse.

black hides pixels (or hides the result of an adjustment layer). White reveals pixels (or reveals the result of an adjustment layer).

Layer Mask button: To create a layer mask single click the mask button at the bottom of the layers mini window.

Your eye view

Step # 3 - After you have made a (White reveal) layer mask. Select the Magic Wand Tool and select ALL of the white areas (or the background of your image). Note: You may have to adjust the tolerance of the magic wand tool to get better edge control.

RING

Step # 1 - Create a background layer (it can be anything, just not exactly like the original background).

Step # 2 Click on the add layer mask icon on the mini-window toolbar. (make sure you are on the Layer you want to mask ).

RING

MASKS

MASKSThe Basics A mask is a powerful non-destructive editing option. Your

ability to use masks will increase your edge control.

Step # 5 - For some images you may need to FILL multiple selections. Note: after you fill the selection w/ black you will see the underneath layer or in this case Transparent canvas.

Notice the mask layer now shows the black (hide pixels) and the white (reveal pixels) of the mask.

Step # 4 - After you have selected the background w/ the magic wand tool. FILL the selection with Black (to hide the white pixels and reveal the underneath layer). Note: Before filling make sure you are on the layer mask and not the image , You should see the brackets around the layer mask.

MASKSA mask is a powerful non-destructive editing option. Your ability to use masks will increase your edge control.

Final Layer Mask (all areas are masked)

-Remember that this image had a white simple background which is easy to select.

More complicated backgrounds will require the use of the Pin tool and advanced layer mask techniques to make a good Layer Mask.

Final selections that needs to be filled w/ black.

VECTOR ART

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LIVE TRACEAI

ILLUSTRATOR

VECTOR ARTILLUSTRATOR

LIVE TRACEILLUSTRATOR

FREE

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CREDIT

SOFTWARE

FRIDAYLinks

FREESOFTWARE FRI.

Evernote

Blender

Google Sketch-up

Floola

Augmented RealityMiya

www.LifeHacker.com

Podcasts

www.Audible.com

Graffiti Creator

Jungle Disk

And More...

“I started Free Software Friday With the sole purpose of helping you experience some of the great software that is available on the internet. Creating good software is an art form that is widely under-appreciated”.

Discuss and make suggestions about your favorite free software.

Firefox Extensions

Assignments

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Portrait

Expressionism

Logo Design

Movie Poster

Surrealism (Final)

Tee Shirt Design

Scanography

Landscape

A self-portrait is a portrait where the artist is also the subject. Usually it is in the form of a

painting, drawing, or similar graphic image; self-portraits occur in other media such as sculpture,

photography, cinema, literature, and digital art. A good portrait tries to let the viewer see into the soul

of a person….

AssignmentYour job is to paint a self portrait of yourself using your real life "Mug Shot" as a guide. You will need to use painting strategies to create your piece. Remember that your goal is to have a finished piece that looks like a painting of yourself.

Technical Stuff

-You can only use these Tools: Paintbrush/pencil, selection tool & eyedropper tool.-You will then import that picture into PhotoShop.-Canvas: needs to be: 8.5x11-The resolution: 300-Color Mode: RGB 8bit-Background: (Transparent) -Layers: You can only use three layers. (Not including the background layer) One layer is your "painting", the the next layer is your “Self-Portrait”, the last layer is “Background” blank & transparent.

Due Date:

Self-Portrait/ “Mug shot”

Digital Art Language: (you will be tested on your knowledge of these important technology terms).

1. Opacity:

2. Pixel:

3. Layers:

4. Selection:

LANDSCAPE PAINTING

Digital Art Language: (you will be tested on your knowledge of these important technology terms).

1. Composition

2. Feathering

3. Intensity

4. Line + Shape = Form

5. Resolution

The fine art term 'landscape' - deriving from the Dutch word 'landschap', a patch of ground - describes any fine art painting or drawing whose "principal subject" is the portrayal of a scenic view.Landscape art depicts scenery such as mountains, valleys, trees, rivers, and forests. Sky is almost always included in the view. However, it is difficult to paint a successful landscape as it is very hard to capture a 3D view in 2D. In the past, rules of perspective, use of colour and effective compositions were all things that had to be experimented with. Painting landscapes presented a great challenge to artists and many rose to that challenge making it an important genre in its own right.

AssignmentYour job is to create an “awesome” landscape painting using photoshop. You will need to use two different techniques to paint your landscape. One technique must be the technique of overlaying your painting layer over a photo layer. The second technique must be done “free hand” from a photo or a sketch. You will also need to create at least one brush that you use in your piece. It is up to you to determine how much of technique one or two that you will use. It will be important for you to understand proper painting strategies. You will also need to understand what composition is and how to use it. Lastly you will need to use color to create depth and mood.

Technical Stuff -You can only use these Tools: Paintbrush/pencil, brush creation, adjustment tools (levels/ color balance), eye dropper, Transform tools, brush creation, & selection tool.

-You will need to use and import 2 Hi-Res. pictures into PhotoShop.-Your Canvas needs to be: 11x14-The resolution: 300-Color Mode: RGB 8bit-Background: (Transparent) -You must only use six layers. (Not including the background layer)

One layer must be your sketch layer & two other layers need to be your hi-res. photos.

Due Date:

-Germany 1905 Expressionism is the tendency of an artist to distort reality for an emotional effect. Expressionism reflects the artists’ state of mind rather than the reality of the external world. Expressionism can be defined as the use of distortion and exaggeration for emotional effect. This art style first surfaced in the literature of the early twentieth century. Expressionism can be described as a stylistic art that uses intense color, agitated brushstrokes, and disjointed space. Unlike Impressionism, an Expressionistic artists’ goal is not to reproduce the impression suggested by the surrounding world, but instead to strongly impose the artist's own sensibility to the world's representation.

AssignmentYour job is to create a piece that represents an Expressionistic style. You will need to first plan out your picture using your sketchbook. (Ask yourself questions such as: what emotion/ mood am I going for, and what colors, pictures, and/or drawings will I use to create that emotion/ mood.)

Technical Stuff -You must use at least 3 Hi-Res. Pictures, but not more than 5 total Hi-Res. Pictures that you will import into PhotoShop.

You can only use these Tools: Paintbrush tool, Transform, Clone Stamp, Eraser Tool, Pen Tool, Selection Tools, Adjustment tools, Layer blending options, Layer style tools & Move Tools, and Vector

Mask.

-You must use Layer Styles (as many as you feel necessary)-You must use only 2 filters (one filter must be a smart filter.)-You must use at least 1 Vector Mask.-You must use at least 2 adjustment tools.-You must use at least 2 blending modes.

-Your Canvas needs to be: 11x14-The resolution: 300-Color Mode: RGB 8bit-Background Layer: white (untouched)

-You must use 12-layers not including the background layer. -Your layers need to be organized into groups. -Each student is required to write an Artist Statement (A paragraph describing your idea).

Due Date:

”Expressionism”

Digital Art Language: (you will be tested on your knowledge of these important technology terms).

1. Masking

2. Non-Destructive

3. Copyright Law

4. Adjustment levels

5. Sharpen edges

Hiring a professional logo designer is an important step in forming a business—“but being Digital Art and Design students you already know that”. What you may not realize is that the growth of logos from a simple craftsperson's signature to the basis for relationships between companies and customers is a new development. Before the Industrial Revolution, people purchased goods directly from the craftsperson, the grocer, and the farmer. Pottery, woodwork, stonework and even bread carried a stamp of the craftsperson—a signature of someone you could shake the hand of.

When designing a logo, it's important to think carefully about what it will convey to others. Every shape, line, and color in a logo will send a message to all who see it. Logos surround the world that we live in, they give us a visual representation of something that would not other wise be visual.

There are basically three kinds of logos. Font-based, literally illustration, abstract graphic. Font-based logos are primarily edited type/Font. Sony’s logo is an example of a font-based logo. Then there are logos that literally illustrate what a company does, such as when a house-painting company uses an illustration of a brush in its logo. And finally, there are abstract graphic symbols-such as Nike's swoosh.

Assignment You have been hired to design a new logo for your favorite company. The company wants to change their image. The CEO has stated that this new logo must be new and refreshing:“We must go in a new direction.”

Technical Stuff -You must do at least 5 different sketches of your design before you can use the computer. (I will check your sketches before I let you use the computer..)

-You will make 2 different logos for your favorite company. (They will both be printed)-Tools you must use: Paintbrush tool, Free Transform, Eraser Tool, Pen Tool, Selection Tools, Gradient Tool, Move Tool, & the Text tool.-You must use a Layer Style.-You must have at least 1 path.-Use must use only 2 Filters…-Your Canvas needs to be: 8 x 10-The resolution: 300-Color Mode: RGB 8bit-Background: (Transparent) -You must use between 5 & 10-layers not including the background layer.-Your logos must be clean and ready to be printed.

Due Date:

“Logo Design”

Digital Art Language: (you will be tested on your knowledge of these important technology terms).

1. Rasterization

2. Gradient

3. Vector graphic

4. PNG (file Type)

5. Text/ Fonts

Los Angeles is considered the “Entertainment Capital of the World”. So it should be no surprise that there are many artists in Hollywood CA. that are not actors. One of the most popular areas that many artists work in is film advertising and art directing. These artists are responsible for designing the movie poster we see all over America.

In order to design a movie poster an artist must understand the basics of design which consist of: Audience, layout, Typography, Image, and Color. They must also be well versed in traditional principal and elements of design. A movie poster is a representation of that specific feature film. In order to create a successful movie poster, you must capture the tone and emotion of the movie.

Assignment Design a new movie poster for a fictional movie. You will use traditional movie poster layout designs. -Use this web site to see how to do your layout design: http://bighugelabs.com/flickr/poster.php (You Must Create Your Own Layout using photoshop tools)Remember, the Typography of the poster is very important. Use the principles and elements of design to guide you.

Technical Stuff -You must do at least 3 different layout sketches of your movie poster. (These will be part of your total grade)-Tools and Editing you must use in your project: Pin Tool &/or Selection tools, Free Transform & Transform, Clone Stamp, Eraser, Selection Tools, Clipping Mask, Gradient Tool, Move Tool, Ruler/Guides, and Text tool.-You must use Layer Styles (as many as you feel necessary)-You must use only 3 filters (2 filter must be a smart filter.)-You must use at least 2 Masks (one must be a clipping mask).-You must use at least 3 adjustment tools.-You must use Layer Blending Mode.-Your layers need to be organized into groups.-Your Canvas needs to be: 11x14-The resolution: 300-Color Mode: RGB 8bit-Background: (Transparent) -You must use between 10- 12 layers including the background layer.-Your movie poster must be clean and ready to be printed.

Due Date:

“Movie Poster”

Digital Art Language: (you will be tested on your knowledge of these important technology terms).

1. Scale

2. Basics of Design

3. Copyright

4. Histogram

-What is real? How do you define real? If you're talking about what you can feel, what you can smell, what you can taste and see, then real is simply electrical signals interpreted by your brain. -Morpheus the Matrix

-Have you ever had a dream, that you were so sure was real. What if you were unable to wake from that dream? How would you know the difference between the dream world and the real world? -Morpheus the MatrixSurrealism is an artistic, cultural and intellectual movement oriented toward the liberation of the mind by emphasizing the critical and imaginative faculties of the "unconscious mind" and the attainment of a dream-like state different from, "more than", and ultimately "truer" than everyday reality: the "sur-real", or "more than real".

Assignment Create a surrealistic piece using the fundamental ideas of surrealism which are: size, shape, juxtaposition/space, and morphing. This piece will represent a dream-like state. Objects will be depicted realistically in unrealistic situations. Think outside the box, and let your creativity run wild.

Technical Stuff -Tools and Editing: Tools you must use in your project: Paintbrush tool, Free Transform & Transform, Clone Stamp, Eraser Tool, Pen Tool, Selection Tools, Move Tool, Text tool, and selection tools. -You must use Layer Styles -You must use filters-You must use a Mask-You must use adjustment tools.-You must use Layer Blending Modes.-Your layers need to be organized into groups.

-Your Canvas needs to be: 11x14-The resolution: 300-Color Mode: RGB 8bit-Background: any color or value (untouched) -Layers: You must use between 10-15 layers including the background layer.

-Extras:-Your surrealistic piece must be clean and ready to be printed.-You must (first) do paragraph # 1 of your two paragraph artist statement. This statement will explains your

thoughts and ideas in your piece. Do Paragraph 2 once you’ve finished your piece. (This will be a big part of your total grade)

Due Date:

“Surrealism”

Digital Art Language: (you will be tested on your knowledge of these important technology terms).

1. Emphasis, Space, Movement

2. Jaggies

3. Montage

4. RGB

Webster's Dictionary defines a scanner as a device that scans documents and converts them into

digital data. Scanography is a new type of art that requires the artist to use a scanner to create

Art. Just scanning something on the flatbed glass does not make it "art". Scanography requires

compositional decisions, and an understanding of the fundamental principles of art.

AssignmentYour job is to design an interesting piece using only a scanner and the (provided) materials. "You will only need to use photoshop to clean up your picture and possibly crop it". This is why it will be very important for you to arrange your composition using your knowledge of space, emphasis, balance, and unity.

Technical Stuff -You will import your scanned picture into PhotoShop.

-You will only use photoshop to fix you piece:

-You only need to use these Tools: Healing brush, Crop tool, and any Image Adjustment tools. -Your Canvas needs to be: ?-The resolution: 600-Color Mode: RGB 8 bit-Background: (Transparent) -You only need Two layers. (Not including the background layer) One layer is your "Original Scanned image", the other layer is your "improved picture".

Due Date:

"Scanography"

Most research mentions the idea of the T-shirt came to the United States during World War I when US soldiers noticed the light cotton undershirts European soldiers were using while the US soldiers were sweating in their wool uniforms. Since they were so much more comfortable they quickly became popular among the Americans, and because of their design they got the name T-shirt.

AssignmentYour job is to either use your original logo that you created for this class, or a new design that would look "cool" on a White T-shirt. You will only get one Iron-on Transferable sheet, so it is important that you fallow the Iron-on direction closely.

Technical Stuff -Use whatever Photoshop Tools you need: if needed -Your Canvas needs to be: 8.5 x 11 (same size as the Iron-on paper) note: You can also do multiple small logos for shirt sleeves, breast pockets, etc...

-The resolution: 300-Color Mode: RGB 8bit-Background: (Transparent)-You can use as many layers as possible.-IF YOU HAVE ANY WRITING ON YOUR T-SHIRT LOGO YOU WILL NEED TO REVERSE THE IMAGE. (The lettering should read backwards)

-You will have your design printed on Iron-on Transferable paper (supplied and printed by me)

You will need to bring your own White(cotton) T-shirt by:

Due Date:

"Tee Shirt Design”

LANGUAGE

DIGITAL ART

GLOSSARY

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CREDIT

DIGITALART

Glossary of Digital Art and Design by the Digital Art Practices & Terminology Task Force (DAPTTF)

© 2005 Digital Art Practices & Terminology Task Force (DAPTTF)

Use these links to go directly to Glossary letter sections:A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W

A

8-bit colorIn 8-bit color, each pixel has eight bits assigned to it, providing 256 colors or shades of gray, as in a grayscale image.

24-bit colorDigital color model that uses eight bits each for the three additive colors red, green, blue. It can reproduce 256 shades of each primary color. Same as true-color image. Generally refers to 24-bit or better images. In 24 bit color, each pixel has 24 bits assigned to it, representing 16.7 million colors. 8-bits - or one byte - is assigned to each of the red, green, and blue components of a pixel.

alpha channelAn image-editor channel used to contain a mask or partial picture element or color. Created by Alvy Ray Smith and Ed Catmull at N.Y.I.T. in 1997, the alpha channel is used to calculate the transparency of each color in an image. In a three color image, the alpha channel would be the fourth channel.

analogdata consisting of or systems employing continuously variable signals or data, as opposed to discreet steps or levels of digital data.

anti-aliasThe process of smoothing and removing of aliasing effects by electronic filtering and other techniques, such as blending of hard edges. Also, blending object-oriented art with bit-mapped art.

archivingRetention of images, often on CD-ROM. Information necessary to reproduce the print is also archived, including ink, tables, sizes, and media used.

artifactIn digital graphic applications, unwanted visual anomalies or defects generated by an input or output device, or by a software operation, that degrade image quality. (see also "aliasing" and "moiré pattern")

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B

bitmapA rasterized graphic image formed by a rectangular grid of pixels or dots.

BMP fileA Windows bitmap file, with the extension ".bmp," that defines an image (such as the image of a scanned page) as a pattern of dots (pixels). From Bit mapping, the process of addressing the pixels on the screen.

brightnessThe overall intensity of the image. The lower the brightness value, the darker the image; the higher the value, the lighter the image will be. (see "chroma")

BYTEA standard unit of digital measurement. 8 bits = 1 byte. Each 8-bit byte represents an alphanumeric character.

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C

calibrationThe act of setting or adjusting the color settings of one device relative to another, such as a monitor to a printer, or a scanner to a film recorder. Or, it may be the process of adjusting the color of one device to some established standard.

captureAcquiring information, such as an image, with a scanner or digital-camera device.

CD-R (CD-Recordable)A CD format that allows the users to record data to a disc when using the proper hardware. Recorded data is not erasable.

CD-RWA CD format that allows users to erase data.

Certificate of Authenticity1. A written or printed description of the multiple which is to be sold, exchanged, or consigned by an art dealer. [CALIF. CIVIL CODE] 2. A written statement by an art merchant confirming, approving, or attesting to the authority of a work of fine art or multiple, which is capable of being used to the advantage or disadvantage of some person. [IOWA CIVIL CODE] 3. A written statement disclosing certain key facts about a multiple print.

channelA component of a digital image that carries the data for a color component or a mask.

clippingThe grouping (usually unwanted) of all tones or colors above or below a certain value into one composite tone. The loss of visual information caused by too little contrast, in which certain gray scale values are lost or compressed either into the range of pure white or pure black.

CMY (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow)Three subtractive primary colors used in color printing. In theory, the combination of pure CMY inks produces black; in reality, black must be added to produce a full color gamut.

CMYKCyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black (or Key) are the four colors used in process-color printing. Also known as subtractive color, the color black is achieved by the presence of all inks.

color balanceThe ability to reproduce the colors of a scene to some acceptable standard.

compressionThe process of removing irrelevant information and reducing unneeded space from a file in order to make the file smaller. Compression can cause losses and distortion, depending on the method. Some types of compression can cause losses and distortion. In Run Length Encoding, rows of pixels of the same colors are stored as a number and color, reducing the file size while keeping the data in tact.

contrastTonal gradation between the highlights, midtones, and shadows in an image. High contrast implies dark black and bright white. Medium contrast implies a good spread from black to white, and Low contrast implies a narrow spread of values from black to white. Also, understood in terms of "Rate of Falloff." High contrast implies a rapid transition between black and white, whereas a slow "rate of falloff" produces gradual or smooth transition between light and dark.

copyrightLegal basis for the owner's control of the usage of his images or artworks.

cropTo remove part of an image.

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D

DPIDots per inch. A measure of the detail of a print. "Apparent dpi" refers to the fact that the eye perceives a giclée as having greater detail than in does in physical reality.

databaseAn organized collection of data or information.

density (optical density)The degree of opacity of an image; a measure of reflectance or transmittance equal to log10 (1/reflectance) of log10 or (1/transmittance); the ability of a material to absorb light; the darker it is, the higher the density. Density measurements of solid ink patches are used to control ink on paper.

digitalType of data consisting of (or systems employing) discreet steps or levels, as opposed to continuously variable analog data.

digital artArt created with one or more digital processes or technologies.

digitizeThe process of converting analog data to digital information.

dotDots make up an image in color separations or halftones. Halftone dots will have a fixed density but have variable size (amplitude modulation).

down-samplingThe process of receiving data from another computer, server or system. The reduction in resolution of an image, necessitating a loss in detail.

dynamic rangeThe measurable difference between the brightest highlight and the darkest value.

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E

editionThe aggregate of identical prints produced from a single matrix. (see also "open edition,""limited edition," and "variant edition")

effective resolutionThe final appearance of a scan that has been enhanced to produce more data than the scanner can record. This is done by interpolation.

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F

fadingA subjective term used to describe the lightening of the hue of a colorant following exposure to the effects of light, heat, time, temperature, chemicals, and so on.

featheringA technique in many image-editing programs that allows for the softening of the edge around a selection.

filtersSoftware or subprograms within image manipulation software that employ algorithms to control modifications to digital images by altering the values or arrangement of entire or selected areas of an image.

formatCharacteristic identifying size of printer, media, or graphic, according to width of media roll, printer's print area, or graphic. "Medium Format" is generally taken to be between 11-24" in width; "Large Format" (Wide Format), larger than 24" in width; and "Grand Format," larger than 72" in width.

fractalA mathematically generated pattern that is reproducible at any magnification or reduction, and repeats infinitely.

FTP (File Transfer Protocol)The method for uploading and downloading files to/from Internet server systems.

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G

gaussian blurAn image-softening effect used in digital imagery. Named after French Mathematician Carl Friedrich Gausse.

GIF (Graphic Interchange Format)An image format type generated specifically for computer use. Its resolution is usually very low (72 dpi, or that of your computer screen), making it undesirable for printing purposes.

graphicA non-text item (illustration or photograph) or non-text component of an image.

graphics tabletAn input device that uses a stylus or specialized mouse to write or draw on the tablet surface to communicate with the computer.

grayscaleAn image having no color hues but containing a range of gray levels as opposed to only pure black or white.

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H

hex tripleta six-digit, three-byte hexadecimal number used in HTML, CSS, SVG, and other computing applications, to represent colors.

high bit(see "8-bit""24-bit" etc.)

highlightThe lightest area within an image. Also called "specular reflection."

histogram

A graphical display that represents the distribution of tones within an image. The horizontal coordinate represents each pixel value possible from black to white. The vertical values indicate the number of pixels in the image that occur at each value level.

hueThe attribute of color by means of which a color is perceived to be red, yellow, green, blue, purple, etc.

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I

inkjet printerA type of printer that sprays tiny spurts of ink onto coated paper. (see "Digital Printing" analysis)

indexed colorA color system that defines a palate of colors to be used in a specific image. Often this makes images small and manageable.

intensityThe amount of light reflected or transmitted by an object with black as the lowest intensity and white as the highest intensity.

interpolationA technique for increasing the size of a graphic file by creating pixels. Also an extrapolation algorithm. There are two types, sequential and bi-cubic. Note: increasing the size of an image by interpolation does not increase or enhance the ability to resolve the detail in that image. It only makes the details that are already present larger.

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J

jaggiesThe effect caused by images or lines being rendered at too low a resolution. It can easily be defined as a stair-stepped effect giving the line or image a rough appearance.

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)Standardized image compression format developed by the Joint Photographic Experts Group. Usually used for compressing full-color or gray-scale images.

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K

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L

large-formatA printer, media, or print 24" or greater in width.

laser printerA laser printer uses a laser beam to write on a photoconductive revolving drum that is coated with toner, which is a fine, black powder. After the image is transferred to paper it passes through a pair of heated rollers or a fuser that melts the toner fusing it with the paper fibers.

layersLayers are used in digital image editing to separate different elements of an image.

lightfastResistant to the destructive action of light.

line art (or line drawing)1. Single color diagrams or drawings. 2. An image that requires sharp edges and high contrast between areas of the image that have ink and those areas that do not have ink. A drawing that consists only of black and white with no intermediate grayscale information. These images require a higher resolution to create the sharpness that is necessary.

LPI (Lines Per Inch)Measurement of resolution on a traditional printing press. The number of lines per inch on a halftone screen. As a general rule, the higher the lpi, the higher the printed resolution and quality.

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M

maskA special effect that can modify images so that only part of the image can be seen, or so that the image blends into the background.

matte finishA low-gloss finish with very little reflective quality.

mediaAnother term for substrate; the materials to be printed, such as watercolor papers, canvas, copper, wood veneer, cotton, or plastic. The common term used in digital printing.

midtonesTones in an image that are in the middle of the tonal range, halfway between the lightest and the darkest. Also called "middle values."

montageThe seamless combination of divergent images into a singular image.

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N

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O

OD (optical density)(see "print density")

opacityThe measure of the amount of light that can pass through a material. Also, the property of a film that prevents "show through" of dark printing or marks on a substrate (media). The degree to which a material obscures a substrate, as opposed to transparency, which is the degree to which a material does not obscure a substrate. Also "hiding power."

optical resolutionThe maximum physical resolution of a device. Optical resolution provides better quality than

orientationThe direction that the page is printed; horizontal = landscape, vertical = portrait.

outputIn digital printing technology, to translate information from the computer to an external device (e.g., a printer or monitor); to print. Also, the visual display of digital information, or that which is printed or displayed.

overlaminateA protective clear film that extends an image's durability and enhances its visual quality. Most often used in commercial signage.

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P

paletteThe number of colors a device is capable of displaying and producing. Also the tools used in paint programs.

PDF (Portable Document File)A proprietary format developed by Adobe Systems for the transfer of designs across multiple computer platforms.

Photo CDA proprietary format developed by Eastman Kodak for storing photographic images on a compact disc. Images can be easily accessed for use in professional printing.

photographAn image or picture made by photography, whether traditional or digital. (see "photography")

photographyThe art or process of capturing an image onto a recording medium (whether photographic film or image sensor/detector) by the action of light or other radiant energy with the aid of a camera or other device.

PICTA picture file format.

pigmentColorant consisting of particles made up of many synthetic dye molecules or carbon black. Generally more stable than dyes of the same color. Pigmented inkjet inks are credited with better longevity and may have a narrower color gamut. Finely ground insoluble dispersed particles that, when dispersed in a liquid vehicle, can be made into a paint or ink.

pixelTerm derived from pi(x)cture element. Refers to the simplest or smallest element of a digital image.

pixel depthThe amount of data used to describe each colored dot on the computer screen. Example: monochrome is 1 bit deep, grayscale is 8 bits deep, RGB is 24 bits deep. Images to be printed as CMYK separation should be 32 bits deep. (see also "bit depth")

plotterA term applied to a peripheral unit that, through computer control, prints data via the Cartesian (X/Y) coordinate system.

portrait, portrait modeThe orientation of an image that is taller than it is wide; a setting controlling an output device to properly fit a computer document to the print medium. Vertical.

posterizationAn effect created by having a limited number of levels or gradient steps within an image. This

may be a planned/desired effect, or it may be a mistake requiring correction.

PostScriptA page description programming language created by Adobe that is a device-independent. PostScript is an industry standard for outputting documents and graphics.

PPI (pixels per inch)A measure of resolution or density of pixels in a digital image.

print1. In the context of fine art, an original work of art (as a woodcut, lithograph, photograph, or digital print) where the art object or artwork does not exist until it is printed. The print is made directly from the matrix by the artist or pursuant to his/her directions. Also known as "fine print,""work on paper," and "original print." 2. A physical image, usually on paper, produced by, but not limited to, such processes as etching, lithography, serigraphy, relief printing, photography, or digital methods. Prints are usually, but not always, produced on paper and in multiples. Traditional, photographic, and digital processes can be used to produce prints.

print density or optical density (OD)The print density of an inkjet hardcopy is the visually perceivable and densitometrically measurable absorption of light on the surface due to the presence of a colorant. OD only measures the surface density of a dry hardcopy, not the density of the total amount of ink that was sprayed onto the medium.

printer driverPrinter-specific software that allows a computer to communicate with the printer. If available, provided by the printer manufacturer. (see also "RIP")

printingThe process of applying ink to a substrate.

printmakerA person producing actual prints from the artist's master file, under the artist's supervision.

process colorThe mechanical process of reproducing a full color image with the three primary subtractive color inks and black (CMYK: Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black or "K"). When viewed under a loupe, the individual color halftone dots can be seen in a process color image.

profileA file of data or values. In digital printing, generally used to refer to a color profile, especially of a specific piece of equipment (monitor, printer, scanner, etc.) that enables the user to correlate color consistently on various devices.

proofA preliminary print used to evaluate aspects of the image (color, density, resolution, etc.) prior to final printing.

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Q

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R

rasterA horizontal row of pixels on a screen. The process of rendering an image or page, pixel by pixel, in a sweeping horizontal motion, one line after another.

raster image

An image that is defined as a collection of pixels arranged in a rectangular array of lines of dots or pixels. (see "bitmap")

rasterizationChanging vector-type image information to raster image information.

reflective artArtwork that is neither digital nor transparent. Refers to artwork that is viewed with the light on the same side of the image as the viewer.

relief processIn printmaking, a process using printing plates that are incised, etched, or sand-blasted before the surface is inked. Lines or areas that have been cut away do not print. The ink is transferred from the surface of the plate to the paper either by hand-rubbing or with a press.

renderingApplying shading and lighting effects to a two dimensional image.

reproductionA copy of an original work of art. In the context of digital art, a copy of artwork that already exists in some other original form or material (painting, drawing, et al.) prior to the fixing of the image of that original work on the current printing matrix. (see also "giclée")

resamplingChanging the resolution of a bitmap file without altering its physical size.

resolutionA definition of resolution in terms of pixels per inch, or pixel density. Refers to the number of smallest discernable dots or pixels. A measurement of the "fineness" of detail reproduction given in line pairs per mm, or pixels per inch. (see "DPI" and "PPI")

retouchingRemoving imperfections or unwanted portions of an image.

RGBA color model using red, green, and blue; the additive primary colors. Video display systems use RGB data to create screen images.

RIFF (Raster Image File Format)A storage format used with grayscale images. In Corel Painter the RIFF format is used to save color image files that retain all of the Painter capabilities such as "wet canvas" and active layers. Saving in any other format disallows further modifications and interaction with these tools.

RIP (Raster Image Processor)"Bridge" software allowing the computer to give specific instructions to a printer. Often includes add-on features such as color-calibration routines and various tools.

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S

saturationA measure of purity of color. Saturated colors contain pure color only, colors desaturate to gray. Saturation is a measure of the degree of pureness or movement away from gray. The amount of gray in a color. More gray means lower saturation; less gray means higher saturation. If a color has no saturation, it is a shade of gray. Saturation is also the degree to which a color is undiluted by white light. (see "chroma")

scaleTo enlarge or reduce an image by increasing or decreasing the number of scanned pixels or the sampling rate, relative to the number of samples per inch needed by the printer or other output device. (see also "interpolation")

scan

The process of translating a picture from reflective art or transparency into digital information.

scannerA hardware peripheral that illuminates, reads, and then converts original text, artwork, or film into digital data. Types of scanners include flatbed, film, and drum.

selectionAny of several processes by which the digital artist can isolate a portion of a digital image in order to perform additional work or protect the selected area from manipulations applied to the remaining "unprotected" areas. Similar to frisket paper and masking tape in traditional painting.

shadow detailSubtle features in the darker part of an image.

shadow pointThe darkest tone printable in an image without being black. All tonal values below this threshold will print as black with no detail.

sharpen edgesAn image-editing technique to enhance the edges of an object.

sharpening1. A picture enhancement making the image have more distinct borders, areas, lines, or tones. 2. An option on some scanners that emphasizes detail by increasing the contrast of the boundaries between light and dark areas of an image.

silhouettingA masking or image blocking that isolates an image from the background.

silk screenAn archaic term for screen printing, since most screen printing is now done with synthetic-fabric screens.

signedCarrying an original signature of the artist. In law: 1. Autographed by the artist's own hand, and not by mechanical means of reproductions, and if a multiple, after the multiple was produced, whether or not the master was signed. [IOWA CIVIL CODE] [GEORGIA CODE SIMILAR] 2. The artist signed the print multiple by hand to signify the artist's examination and approval of the print. "Signed" does not mean the act of leaving an impression of the artist's name upon the print by any mechanical process. [HAWAII CIVIL CODE]

SLRSingle Lens Reflex, a form of small format (35mm or 6cm) camera that has a reflecting mirror that retracts when the shutter is released. An SLR allows the photographer to view the image exactly as it will be framed in the photo.

soft proofViewing a digital image with a monitor instead of generating a hard copy proof. Can be done from a remote location via the Internet.

sRGBOne of several standard RGB color working spaces. Best used for images on the Internet.

stylusA tool that is used on a graphic input tablet as a drawing instrument, or as a mouse.

subsamplingScanning at a less-than-optimum sampling rate.

substrateUltimately, the material that receives the printed image. Sometimes called "media" in digital printing. The single or multi-layered base material of the medium, which can have a very simple or complex structure and is a carrier for the coating, if present.

subtractive color / reflective colorThe color mixing system associated with pigments, as opposed to pure light. The term refers to

the CMYK color space used by conventional and digital printing devices to produce full-color printing. Theoretically, when all three subtractive primary colors are mixed together the resulting color is black. (see also "CMYK")

The three colors that are used to create all other colors in color photographic printing. (Cyan, Magenta, and Yellow)

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T

tablet (graphics tablet)thumbnailA small low-resolution version of an image.

TIFF (Tagged Image Format File)A file format for storage of digital images.

tilingThe process of breaking down an image or page into sections for editing or printing purposes.

transformA color-space exchange from one system (RGB or CMYK) to the other, or changing from one hue base to another.

translucentDiffuse transmission of light. No clear image can be seen.

transparentAdjective to describe a material that transmits light with minimal diffusion or scattering. (Clear, not opaque.)

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U

unsharp maskA sharpening process that first blurs the edges then subtracts the image from the blurred areas to yield an image of apparent enhanced sharpness.

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V

vectorA term given to a graphic drawing, specified as a color, start and end point, and applied to line segments, type, and tints.

vector graphicsDrawing software. Vector graphics files are usually stored in formats such as PICT or EPS. Any of a number of graphics formats including EPS(F) and DXF that describe objects on the screen not as colored pixels but as mathematically defined shapes. Vector graphics can be rescaled to any size without any effect to file size. Typically, vector graphics occupy less disk space than their bitmapped (rasterized) counterparts.

vector imageA computer image that uses mathematical descriptions of paths and fills to define the graphic, as opposed to individual pixels.

video cardAn add-on device that accelerates the digital screen refresh rate in order to display complex digital graphics and motion.

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W

watermarkA faint marking on the back of some photographic papers indicating that the picture was taken by a professional photographer. Also, term for a faint image superimposed on a digital image to protect rights of ownership. An identifying mark or symbol imbedded in the substrate on which the art is made, usually referring to the maker of the substrate.

whiteThe result of combining the additive primary colors (Red, Green, and Blue). In the subtractive color mixing system, "white" is the result of the absence of any color.

white balanceThe balancing of color components to create pure white when photographing or scanning a white object. A substitute for a color temperature setting.

white pointThe color and intensity of a device's brightest white. With printers, this is usually the white of the paper. With scanners, the color that when scanned produces values of 255, 255, 255 (RGB). Ideally, the white point is 100 percent neutral reflectance or transmittance. (see also "reflectance")

WYSIWYGWhat You See Is What You Get. Refers to the ability to output data from computers exactly as it appears on the screen.

CREDITCREDIT

This is a collection of simple guides & tutorials created to be used

in conjunction with Eric Mickens Digital Art Classes copyright

Jeremy Brock

Layers Magazine

Worth1000.com

psdfan.com

Corey Barker

Martin Evening

PSDTUTS

EVALUATION

DIGITAL ART GRADE

RUBRIC

112INSIDE112-116

SELF-

.PDFPor

tabl

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Format

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Portable

You will use Adobe Acrobat Professional to fill out your Self evaluation.

-After you have filled out the self evaluation (save as: Self eval. Assignment name) and put your edited .pdf file in your assignment folder which will also contain your completed photoshop documents and media.

Step # 1 - Open your self evaluation PDF file. Click on the Review & Comments icon. Then go to Comment & Markup Tools.

Step # 2 - Click on the Sticky Note icon. Your mouse curser will become a + . Then click on the area where you want the sticky note to appear. Then add text.

Step # 3 - For the highlight text tool (fallow step 2 instructions) note: your mouse will become a text icon . Then click & drag on the area you want to be highlighted.

.PDFPor

tabl

e

Doc

umen

t

Form

at

Format

Document

Portable

You will use Adobe Acrobat Professional to fill out your Self evaluation.

-After you have filled out the self evaluation (save as: Self eval. Assignment name) and put your edited .pdf file in your assignment folder which will also contain your completed photoshop documents and media.

(optional) Step # 3 - You can also add check marks by going here:-Comment & Markup Tools-Stamps-Sign Here

Step # 5 - (Save as) your newly created PDF. And put it into the assignment folder that you are turning in to me.

Remember to highlight and add comments in the appropriate areas of the self Evaluation.

Digital Art & Design 1 Self-EvaluationArtist: Period: Assignment:

Composition: 10 8 6 4 0 Are objects within your piece arranged interestingly? Does the piece use the space provided to it’s fullest?Are placement of object appropriate.

Technique/s used: 10 9 8 7 6 5 0Did you use the techniques, tools, filters, ect. required for the assignment?Did you show control of the techniques/tools?Did you “PLAY”!

Planning/ Sketches: 10 9 8 7 6 5 0

Did you plan out your piece by doing initial sketches or writings?

Finished Piece: 30 25 20 10 0Does the piece show understanding of the medium used?Is the piece a finished product?Is your piece consistent with your Artist Statement.

Ready to Print: 5 4 2 0Is the piece free of stray marks?Is the paper appropriately taken care of, not purposely rolled up or folded in anyway?If the picture is window mounted, is the piece well adhered to the window matte?

Principles & Elements of Art used in piece: 5 0 List at least three Principles of Art that you used in your piece, then List as least three Elements of Art that you

used in your piece.

Creativity: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 2 0 Give yourself a 6 or above if you think you have been especially creative and insightful. Circle 5 if your think you have simply fulfilled the assignment. Circle 4 or below if your piece is less than inspiring and misses the intent of the assignment.

Files & Folders: 5 0 Is your work saved/backed-up properly (three files saved at least: one with media, scans & pictures used, another with all layers intact

(visible), & lastly one with all layers merged.)

Tools, Filters, Layer Styles & Masks used: 10 5 0 List the tools, filters, & layers styles that you used for this assignment.

Tools Used:

Filters Used:

Layer Styles:

Masks Used:

Self Evaluation: 5 0 Is this form completely filled out? Were you honest and thoughtful with your evaluation?

Digital Art Language: (list & define the terms located on the assignment details paper work).

Back up:

Did you back up in another place (some where other than on your flash drive or on the school’s network) circle one: YES NO

“Remember, if you only have one copy, then you really don’t have any”

Student Total: Instructor Total:

(Note: If needed, add any comments that are appropriate and help to support your opinion/s.)