Digestive System
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Transcript of Digestive System
Nutrition: Is the process of acquiring and processing nutrients into a body usable form.
Nutrients: Substances that provide the body with its basic needs, including energy and raw materials to synthesize the molecules of life.
• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Lipids
• Vitamins
• Minerals
calorie: Amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gr of a substance 1 °C.
1Kcal= 1 food-Calorie
(Calorie)
NutrientsNutrient Function Calories/
gramFood that contain
themCarbohydrates Provide immediate
energy4 Kcal Cereals, fruits, flours
Lipids: - Phospholipids - Triglycerides - Cholesterol
-concentrated energy-Hormones -membranes
9 Kcal Milk, cheese, butter, cream, meat
Proteins Synthesize new cells: tissues, muscles, membranes
4 Kcal Meat, milk, eggs, nuts, soy
Vitamins Help to regulate body functions
Fruits and vegetables
Minerals Bone and teeth development
Fruits and vegetables
Lipids Molecules that contain long chain of carbon
atoms Insoluble in water PhospholipidsPhospholipids: components of all cellular
membranes Triglycerides (fats)Triglycerides (fats): used as a source of energy CholesterolCholesterol: used in the synthesis of cellular
membranes, sex hormones and bile
Carbohydrate: mostly sugars, pasta Protein: Group of amino acids used to
synthesize new cells Amino acid: subunit of which proteins are
made. Vitamin: should be in small amount in the
body. Not generated by the body, mostly gotten from food.
Mineral: also in small amount, taken from food, water.
Classwork: In your notebook do a chart including the
specific mineral, its function and the risk if not consuming it.
Calcium -Bone and tooth formation- Blood clotting- nerve impulse transmission
-Osteoporosis- stunted growth- convulsions
Phosphorus
Potassium
Ingestion
Digestion
Process of physically and chemically breaking down food.
Process of getting the food into the digestive system through the mouth
Digestive Process
Digestive Process
1. Ingestion2. Mechanical Breakdown3. Chemical Breakdown4. Absorption5. Elimination
Mechanical breakdown: The food is physically broken down into smaller pieces by the teeth.
Chemical breakdown: Enzymes and digestive fluids break down small pieces of food intro smaller subunits.
digestion
glucose
amino acids
lipids
Absorption: the small subunits are transported out of the digestive cavity into cells.
Elimination: indigestible materials are expelled from the body
Human Digestive System
Pharynx
esophagus
liver
gallbladder
ascending colon (large intestine)
Rectum
descending colon (large intestine)
pancreas
stomach
small intestine
Salivary glands
fill the following chart.
Organ FunctionPharynxEsophagusStomachSmall intestineLarge intestine (Colon)RectumLiverPancreasgallbladder