DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
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Transcript of DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
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Parts of the Digestive System
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Parts of the Digestive system Mouth
Functions○ mechanical digestion
Teethbreak up food
chemical digestion (saliva)○ amylase enzyme
digests starch○ mucus
protects soft lining of digestive system lubricates food for easier swallowing
○ buffers neutralizes acid to prevent tooth decay
○ anti-bacterial chemicals kill bacteria that enter mouth with food
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Parts of the Digestive System Epiglottis
flap of cartilagecloses trachea (windpipe) when
swallowingfood travels down esophagusPeristalsis
involuntary muscle contractions to move food along
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Parts of the Digestive System Stomach
Functions○ disinfect food
hydrochloric acid = pH 2kills bacteria
○ food storagecan stretch to fit food
○ digests proteinpepsin enzyme
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Part of the Digestive System Small Intestine
Functions○ digestion
digest carbohydrates- amylase from pancreas
digest proteins- trypsin & chymotrypsin from pancreas
digest lipids (fats)- bile from liver & lipase from pancreas
○ absorption
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Parts of the Digestive System Small Intestine
Made up of three parts○ Duodenum○ Jejunum○ Ileum
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Parts of the Digestive System Cecum
first part of the large intestineattached to the appendix Its purpose is to absorb excess fluids and
lubricate food with mucus to allow it to pass along the remainder of the digestive tract with ease.
Also act as storage
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Parts of the Digestive System Large Intestine functions:
Water absorption> 90% of water re-absorbednot enough water re-absorbed
- diarrhea too much water re-absorbed
- ConstipationAdd mucus to undigested feed
Inside your large intestine are millions of helpful bacteria
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Parts of the Digestive System Pancreas
Produces different enzymes for digestionNeutralizes stomach acid in small intestine
DIABETES!!
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Parts of the Digestive System Liver
Production of Bile○ Dark green to yellow fluid that digests lipids
GallbladderStores the bile
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Taurine
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POULTRY
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Poultry Chickens Turkeys Ducks Geese
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Poultry Digestive Systems Mouth or beak
Can not chew food Esophagus
Connects mouth to crop Crop
Stores feed
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Poultry Digestive Systems
GizzardCrushes feed
○ Contains grit and gravelMixes feed with digestive juices
Liver Small and Large Intestine Vent
Removes solid and liquid waste
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GIBLETS!!
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NON-RUMINANTSMono-gastric Stomachs
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Non-ruminants Animals that only have one stomach
(mono-gastric). Dogs, cats, horses, bears, humans, etc. They can either be herbivores, omnivores,
or carnivores.
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Mouth Teeth
All teeth are made up of incisors, canines, pre-molars, and molars.
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Mouth Animals have three different types of
salivary glands (parotid, mandibular, sublingual)
They moisten the food They lubricate the mouth Add enzymes and bicarbonate salts
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Tongue A mass of muscle covered by mucous
membranes. Divided into three parts:
Apex (rostral end)BodyRoot (near the throat)
The muscles are oriented longitudinal, perpendicular, and transverse.
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Stomach The simple stomach is made up of 4
parts:FundusCardia (near the esophagus)Body (largest)Pylorus
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Carnivore Very Well developed stomach Uncomplicated intestine Limited fiber digestion
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Omnivore More complicated GIT than carnivores Colonic digesters
Pigs, humans Cecal digesters
rat
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Herbivore Cow- ruminant Horse- simple stomach, large cecum,
large sacculated LI Rabbit- larger stomach, very large
sacculated cecum, unsacculated LI
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THE RUMINANT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
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Ruminant Digestive Systems Functions of the digestive system of
animals include:eating (ingestion)chewing (mastication)swallowing (deglutition)absorption of nutrientselimination of solid wastes (defecation)
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Ruminant Digestive Systems
The digestive system of ruminant animals includes the :Mouth - grasps the foodTeeth - grind the food
○ Ruminants have only one set of teeth in the front of the mouth (incisors), and two sets in the back (molars).
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Reticulum - full
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Reticulum - cleaned
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Ruminant Digestive Systems While the animal is “chewing its cud” foreign
particles that are heavy are allowed to “sink” in the reticulum, preventing many foreign particles from entering the rest of the digestive system.
Once foreign material enters the reticulum, it stays there for the life of the animal.
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Telephone Cord
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Wire
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Sponge taken from digestive system of an animal
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Ruminant Digestive Systems
Rumen - the organ that allows for bacterial and chemical breakdown of fiber.○ 25 to 50 billion bacteria○ The rumen has a very thick, muscular
wall.○ It fills most of the left-side of the
abdomen○ Largest compartment holding 50
gallons.
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Ruminant Digestive Systems
○ The walls of the rumen contain papillae (that can be up to 1 cm. in length), where the bacteria that are used to breakdown fiber live.
○ In some ruminants (dairy cattle) the rumen can have a capacity of 55-65 gallons!
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Papillae in Rumen
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Papillae in Rumen
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Ruminant Digestive Systems
Omasum - section that is round and muscular.○ “Grinds” the food material and prepares
the food material for chemical breakdown.
○ Compartment known as the filter
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Omasum - full
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Ruminant Digestive Systems
Abomasum - very similar to the stomach of non-ruminants.○ this is where the majority of chemical
breakdown of food material occurs.○ mixes in digestive enzymes (pepsin,
rennin, bile, etc.).
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Abomasum – inside view
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