Digestive and Circulatory Systems 9. a. Students know how the complementary activity of major body...
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Digestive and Circulatory Systems
9. a. Students know how the complementary activity of major body systems provides cells with oxygen and nutrients and removes toxic waste products such as carbon dioxide.
&9. f.* Students know the individual functions and sites of
secretion of digestive enzymes (amylases, proteases, nucleases, lipases), stomach acid, and bile salts.
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Oxygen molecules move from the air to the alveoli of the lungs and then to the circulatory system
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Circulatory System From the circulatory
system glucose and oxygen molecules move from the capillaries into the cells of the body where cellular respiration occurs.
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The Heart The heart is made up
mostly of cardiac muscle tissue, which contracts to pump blood.
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O2 and CO2 in the Blood The gas exchange
process is reversed for the removal of carbon dioxide from its higher concentration in the cells to the circulatory system and, finally, to its elimination by exhalation from the lungs.
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The Digestive System The digestive system
delivers nutrients (e.g., glucose) to the circulatory system.
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Source of Energy All of our energy
comes from the macromolecules in the food we eat. Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids
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Digestive Enzymes Food proceeds from
the mouth through the stomach and through the small intestines).
Salivary glands secrete amylase enzymes that change starch into sugar.
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Digestive System in the Human Body
Stomach acid and gastric enzymes begin the breakdown of protein
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Pancreas Secretes amylase
enzymes that change starch into sugar.
Secretes lipase enzymes to break down fat molecules (which contain 3 fatty acids) to free fatty acids plus diglycerides (which contain 2 fatty acids) and monoglycerides (which contain 1 fatty acid).
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Liver Bile secreted by the liver
furthers the process of digestion, emulsifying fats and facilitating digestion of lipids.
The liver removes toxic materials from the blood, stores them, and excretes them into the bile. The liver also regulates blood glucose.
The concentration of sugar in the blood is monitored, and sugar can be stored or pulled from reserves (glycogen) in the liver and muscles
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Cross Section of the Small Intestine
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Villi in the Small Intestine
•Digest carbohydrates, fats, proteins and nutrients
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Large Intestine Absorbs water and
ions
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Carbohydrate
DigestionProtein
DigestionNucleic Acid
DigestionFat
Digestion
Mo
ut
h Salivary Amylase(starches into sugars)
Stom
ach
Pepsin
(proteins into small
polypeptides)
Sm
all
Intestin
e
Pancreatic Amylase
(starches into sugars)
Pancreatic Pancreatic nucleases
Bile Salts
Pancreatic Lipase
Larg
e
Intestin
e
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Draw a concept map of the enzymes involved in digestion
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In case……… Amino acids contained in proteins can also
serve as an energy source, but first the amino acids must be deaminated, or chemically converted, in the liver, producing ammonia (a toxic product), which is converted to water-soluble urea and excreted by the kidneys.
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Kidneys The water, urea, and
salts that remain in the nephron are eliminated as urine.
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Kidneys Microscopic nephrons within the kidney filter out
body wastes, regulate water, and stabilize electrolyte levels in blood.
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The End