DigestiveDigestive

الهضمي الهضمي الجهاز الجهاز

Systems

A RUMINANT IS :A RUMINANT IS :• An animal with four

distinct compartments in its stomach, which swallows its food essentially unchewed, regurgitates it, chews it thoroughly and reswallows it.

Examples Include :Examples Include :

• Cattle• Sheep• Goats• Deer• Elk

44STOMACH COMPARTMENTSSTOMACH COMPARTMENTSReticulum- honeycomb (5% of capacity)Rumen- paunch (80% of capacity) Omasum-manyplies (7% of capacity)Abomasum- true stomach (8% of capacity)

ReticulumReticulum• AKA: “The hardware stomach”

• The reticulum furnishes additional storage space and holds foreign materials such as nails and wire which may cause serious damage to the other body organs if they pass through the system. Often a magnet is fed to ruminants to catch and hold this foreign material in the reticulum.

RumenRumen• The largest compartment with a capacity of

40 to 60 gallons in mature cattle.• Serves as a storage area for feed.• Millions of bacteria and protozoa break

down the feed in the rumen.

Bacteria:Bacteria:• Enable ruminants to digest large quantities

of roughage• Multiply by feeding on material in the

rumen• Are digested later in the stomach and

intestines

• The rumen does not develop in the young until they are weaned and begin to

eat solid feed

Omasum:Omasum:• A muscular section that squeezes

out the water from the feed before it enters the abomasum

Abomasum:Abomasum:• Digestive juices cause chemical changes to

break down the proteins, carbohydrates, and fats into simpler substances.

• These simpler substances can now pass into the small intestine for further digestion and absorption into the blood stream.

Regurgitation:Regurgitation:• Ruminants chew their food just enough to

make swallowing possible• After they are done eating, the food is

brought back up from the rumen and rechewed

A NONRUMINANT IS:A NONRUMINANT IS:

• An animal having a single compartment in its stomach, which swallows its food after chewing and does not regurgitate.

• Also known as a monogastric

Examples Include :Examples Include :

• Pigs• Humans• Bears • Dogs

Monogastrics:Monogastrics:• Swallow food directly into the

single compartment stomach, where it is mixed with digestive juice

• Are unable to digest large quantities of fiber unless they have an enlarged cecum (horses, rabbits and guinea pigs)

CecumCecum• A blind pouch at the first

portion of the large intestine• While the rumen is the main

place for bacterial breakdown in ruminants, it happens in the large intestine and cecum of the horse and rabbit

The EndThe End