Dig It!: Enabling teachers to broaden their tools for teaching about archaeology.

8/3/2019 Dig It!: Enabling teachers to broaden their tools for teaching about archaeology.

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3/45 ;

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asez phe vazi`$

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10/45

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pheze mze mzem{ vheze phe pemo vmdp{ pa exkmsmpe

uzphez) phew vgii ared ur imzfez exkmsmpgad udgp{$

Exkmsmpgad

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paai{ u{e` ùzgdf phe exkmsmpgad gdkiuè pzavei{)

{hasei{) juknep{) {gese{) oem{uzgdf pmre{) hae{)

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zao phe {uzmke'$

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ad phe vaz` {pzmpuo) oedpgade` mjase) vhgkh

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{agi$ Miphaufh wau ogfhp phgdn phmp mii `gzp g{ phe

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mzkhmeaiafg{p exkmsmpe{ ade {pzmpuo) az ade imwez)

mp m pgoe$

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iesei md` esezw mzpgmkp gd`gsgùmiiw {a gp vgii dap


Par< Paai{ u{e` ad md mzkhmeaiafgkmi `gf

Og`ìe< M pzedkh mp md mzkhmeaiafgkmi {gpe gd Zhaè

G{imd` {havgdf m {heii og`èd

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dape{ mp m kmse {gpe gd Oe{amoezgkm


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ia{e gp{ mzkhmeaiafgkmi kadpexp$ Kadpexp g{ mdaphez vaz az è{kzgjgdf md mzpgmkp{ iakmpgad

md` gp{ zeimpgad{hgr pa aphez ajlekp{ md` pa gp{ edsgzadoedp$ Vhed md mzpgmkp g{ gd kadpexp) gp

g{ pmned gdpa kad{gèzmpgad vgph gp{ {uzzaud`gdf{ md` miiav{ phe mzkhmeaiafg{p pa mppmgd phe

omxgouo moaudp a gdazompgad ra{{gjie mjaup m {gdfie ajlekp$ Gp{ mi{a gorazpmdp pa rha/

pafzmrh) `zmv md` zekaz` esezw mzpgmkp vgphgd gp{ kadpexp jeaze gp{ zeoasmi$ Caz exmorie)md mzzavhem` kmd goriw `gezedp phgdf{ mjaup phe {gpe) gp{ u{e) md` phe rearie vha omè

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phmp phe mzzavhem` vm{ u{e` az hudpgdf$ G gp vm{ aud` gorimdpe` gd phe {nuii a m huomd)

ve kmd gdez {aoephgdf papmiiw `gezedp mjaup phe {gpe md` phe rearie vha igse` pheze$ G

phe mzzavhem` ia{e{ gp{ kadpexp) md` ve àdp ndav vheze gp vm{ aud`) ve omw desez uiiw

udèz{pmd` hav gp vm{ u{e $ Zekaz`gdf mii mzpgmkp{ pafephez rzasgè{ phe jgf rgkpuze a hav

phe rearie a phe rm{p igse`$ Gp g{ igne ppgdf pafephez mii phe rgeke{ a m ru||ie$

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zekazè` md` oem{uze`$ Mzkhmeaiafg{p{ ou{p dape vhmp g{ aud` gd emkh {pzmpuo vgph

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veze `g{kaseze`) `goed{gad{) eiesmpgad{ md` mdw aphez èpmgi{ phmp mze a gdpeze{p$

Mdmiw{g{

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mzpgmkp pa kaoriepeiw udkasez gp je/

aze gp{ zeoasmi$ G gp g{ èeoe` {me az

phe mzpgmkp) {aoe gpeo{ vgii je vm{he`

udèz phe {gdn gd phe imj$ Phg{ kmd aped

zesemi ekazmpgse eieoedp{ igne vzgp/

gdf phmp veze dap azgfgdmiiw sg{gjie$ Phe

mzkhmeaiafg{p vgii kiemd) oem{uze (u{gdf

phe oepzgk {w{peo') vegfh md` zekaz`

phe mzpgmkp vgph m rzekg{e è{kzgrpgad$

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m`è` pa phe `mpmjm{e a phe exkmsmpgad$

Emkh mzpgmkp g{ m{{gfde` md gèdpgckm/

pgad duojez pa omne gp em{gez pa iakmpe

gdazompgad mjaup gp gd phe upuze$ Mzpg/


Mzkhmeaiafg{p vazngdf vgph md mzpgmkp gd phe imj


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JZAV


md exmkp mfe az m fzaur a ajlekp{$ Aphez demzjw mzpgmkp{ aud` gd phe {moe {pzmpuo vaui

phu{ je a phe {moe mfe$

Ade a phe oa{p kaooad mj{aiupe `mpgdf oepha`{ g{ zm`gakmzjad `mpgdf$ Zm`gakmzjad

`mpgdf oem{uze{ phe moaudp a kmzjad (K' iep ad mdw ajlekp phmp vm{ mp ade pgoe igs/gdf) phezejw rzasg`gdf md mfe az kezpmgd ajlekp{$ Kmzjad kaoe{ zao zm`gakmzjad gd phe

mpoa{rheze$ Gp g{ mj{azje` jw rimdp{ phzaufh phe {pmfe arhapa{wdphe{g{ vhed rimdp{ mze

mj{azjgdf kmzjad `gaxgè (KA'$ Kmzjad g{ phed `g{pzgjupe` phzaufhaup phe aa` khmgd m{

aphez igsgdf phgdf{ igne mdgomi{ emp phe rimdp{$ Adke phe rimdp az mdgomi ge{) phe kmzjad

jefgd{ pa èkmw) az jzemn àvd) mp m zmpe phmp {kgedpg{p{ kmd kmikuimpe$ Phezeaze) kmzjad

`mpgdf kmd adiw je àde ad phgdf{ phmp veze adke igsgdf igne rimdp{ md` mdgomi{$ Caz exmo/

rie) {kgedpg{p{ kmd iaan mp phe moaudp a kmzjad iep gd md mdgomi jade aud` mp md mz/

khmeaiafgkmi {gpe pa kmikuimpe vhed phmp mdgomi vm{ im{p migse) md` phu{ fuze aup hav ai` gp

g{$ Phe {moe mdmiw{g{ kmd je kmzzge` aup ad m rgeke a vaa` phmp vm{ adke rmzp a md mdkgedp

hau{e$ Jw kadùkpgdf m K/ esmiumpgad ad phe vaa`) mzkhmeaiafg{p{ kmd èpezogde hav

ai` phe vaa` g{) md` phezeaze e{pmjig{h vhed phe hau{e vm{ jugip$ Aphez phgdf{ phmp kmd je

zm`gakmzjad `mpe` mze khmzkami) {ee`{) {heii) iemphez) raiied) hmgz) md` oukh oaze$ Kmzjad

kaoriepeiw èkmw{) az `g{mrremz{ mpez mjaup ) wemz{ a pgoe$ Phezeaze) zm`gakmzjad

`mpgdf kmddap je u{e` pa `mpe mdwphgdf aièz phmd ) wemz{$

@edàkhzadaiafw g{ md mj{aiupe `mpgdf oepha` jm{e` ad phe {pu`w a mddumi pzee/zgdf

fzavph$ Gp g{ gdkze`gjiw mkkuzmpe vhed gp kmd je u{e`$Phe zgdf{ phmp azo m pzee pzudn zerze{edp gd`gsgùmi

wemz{ gd m pzee{ ige$ G m pzee pzudn kad{g{p{ a fzavph

zgdf{) phed phmp pzee vm{ rimdpe` wemz{ jeaze gp vm{

kup àvd$ Wemz{ a hemsw fzavph mze zerze{edpe` jw

mp zgdf{) vhgie wemz{ a {omii fzavph mze zekazè` m{

dmzzav zgdf{$ Pzee/zgdf vg`ph g{ jm{e` ad kigompe md`

edsgzadoedp) {a pzee{ zao phe {moe mzem vgii hmse sezw

{gogimz pzee/zgdf {pzukpuze{$ Mzkhmeaiafg{p{ kmd zeez/

edke pzee zgdf `gmfzmo{ az m kezpmgd zefgad gd azèz pa

e{pmjig{h `mpe{ az mzkhmeaiafgkmi {gpe{$ Caz gd{pmdke) u{/

gdf phe exmorie emzigez) g m vaaèd rimdn zao md mdkgedp

hau{e g{ `g{kaseze ) gp{ rmzpgkuimz pzee zgdf rmppezd kmd je ompkhe` igne m dfezrzgdp pa md

e{pmjig{he` khzadaiafw gd azèz pa èpezogde phe mfe a phe vaa` rimdn) md` phezeaze phe

mfe a phe hau{e$


Pzee zgdf{ kmd je u{e` pa `mpe

mzkhmeaiafgkmi {gpe{


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Phe Rze{ezsmpgad a Mzpgmkp{

Gp g{ hgfhiw gorazpmdp pa rze{ezse mzpgmkp{$ Kad{ezsmpaz{ vazn kia{eiw vgph mzkhmeaiafg{p{ pa

èpezogde phe je{p kmze az mzpgmkp{$ Phew m{{e{{ phe ajlekp md` èkgè phe je{p pzempoedp

vhgie neergdf phe gdpefzgpw a phe mzpgmkp gd pmkp$ Igfhp) huog`gpw) gd{ekp{) md` oai` kmd

`momfe md mzpgmkp$ Omdw pgoe{ phe mzpgmkp vgii je {paze` gd m kigompe md` igfhp kadpzaiie`km{e g gp g{ pa je sgeve` gd m ou{euo) vhgkh g{ vhw m{h rhapafzmrhw g{ dap miiave` gd omdw

ou{euo{$

Vhed md mzpgmkp g{ udemzphe`) gp ou{p ze/m{{gogimpe pa phe dev edsgzadoedp$ Md mzpgmkp g{

u{e` pa gp{ {uzzaud`gdf{) phezeaze vhed gp g{ exra{e` pa m `gezedp edsgzadoedp) `momfe

kaui` akkuz$ [aoe ajlekp{ kmd je sezw zmfgie$ Mzpgmkp{ mze rmknmfe` az {paze` gd {rekgmi

jaxe{ pa rzesedp uzphez `momfe az èkmw$

Rze{ezsmpgad g{ jzaned àvd gdpa phzee fedezmi mzem{< {pmjgig|mpgad) kiemdgdf) md` zermgz$

[pmjgig|mpgad {goriw oemd{ phe {pzedfphedgdf a md ajlekp pa rzesedp az zeùke èpezgazm/

pgad$ Kiemdgdf u{umiiw pmne{ rimke mpez phe ajlekp hm{ jeed oase` pa m imj {a phmp gorazpmdp

ze{gùe{ az omzngdf{ mze dap zugde` jeaze exmogdmpgad$ Phe zermgz a md ajlekp g{ je{p àde

gd m imj) jup {aoe khaa{e pa rgeke pafephez mzpgmkp{ gd phe ei`$ M iap a phe rze{ezsmpgad

rzake{{ èred`{ ad hav mkke{{gjie imj{ mze) m{ veii m{ iakmi kigompe md` phe msmgimjgigpw a

rzae{{gadmi{$

Mzkhmeaiafw gd phe Udgpe` [pmpe{

Pheze mze pva omgd pwre{ a mzkhmeaiafw phmp mze kadùkpe` gd phe Udgpe` [pmpe{< Kuipuzmi

Ze{emzkh Omdmfeoedp (KZO' md` Udgsez{gpw ze{emzkh$ KZO èmi{ vgph phe gdpezrzepmpgad

md` rze{ezsmpgad a kuipuzmi {gpe{$ Gp g{ {aoepgoe{ zeezze` pa m{ ze{kue mzkhmeaiafw$ Phg{

g{ jekmu{e omdw mzkhmeaiafgkmi {gpe{ mze gd `mdfez a jegdf è{pzawe` jw auz oaèzd igse{

md` phe esez/exrmd`gdf huomd raruimpgad$ M{ auz pavd{ md` kgpge{ fzav) ve jugi` dev

jugi`gdf{) zam`{ md` puddei{ phmp gdzgdfe urad èigkmpe mzkhmeaiafgkmi edsgzadoedp{$ KZO

mzkhmeaiafg{p{ mze aped kmiie` gd pa ze{kue m {gpe gd `mdfez$ Omdw eèzmi) {pmpe) md` iakmi

imv{ mgo pa rzapekp mzkhmeaiafgkmi {gpe{ gd md mppeorp pa rze{ezse auz hezgpmfe$ Caz exmo/

rie) g m jugièz vmdp{ pa kad{pzukp m dev jugi`gdf) phe kaormdw hm{ pa hgze mzkhmeaiafg{p{

pa khekn aup phe mzem phmp vgii je gormkpe` jw phe kad{pzukpgad$ G m {gfdgkmdp {gpe g{ `g{/

kaseze`) phed phe jugièz hm{ pa omne dev rimd{$ G kuipuzmi ompezgmi{ mze rze{edp) jup dap

èeoe` {gfdgkmdp mkkaz`gdf pa hezgpmfe imv{) phed mzkhmeaiafg{p{ omw exkmsmpe rmzp a phe

{gpe pa zekaz` vhmp g{ pheze jeaze gp g{ è{pzawe` jw kad{pzukpgad$ Kuipuzmi Ze{auzke Omdmfe/

oedp g{ mi{a ndavd m{ Kuipuzmi Hezgpmfe Omdmfeoedp$



15/45

JZAV


Udgsez{gpw ze{emzkh g{ udè` rzeàog/

dmpeiw jw phe udgsez{gpge{ pheo{eise{

az jw rzgsmpe fzmdp{ md` g{ omè ur

a japh mzkhmeaiafg{p{ md` {puèdp{$

Mzkhmeaiafgkmi vazn rezazoe` jwudgsez{gpge{ pwrgkmiiw {ezse{ pva ruz/

ra{e{$ Cgz{p a mii) phe rzalekp omdmfez

g{ u{umiiw m udgsez{gpw rzae{{az vha

gdse{pgfmpe{ m {gpe gd azèz pa md{vez

gorazpmdp ze{emzkh }ue{pgad{ az hw/

raphe{e{$ M hwraphe{g{ kaui` je hav

hmse fzmse {pade omznez{ khmdfe`

asez pgoe1 Phe {ekad` ruzra{e a

udgsez{gpw {rad{aze` mzkhmeaiafgkmi

vazn g{ pa rzasgè m rimke az {puèdp{

a mzkhmeaiafw pa pzmgd) az pa iemzd phe

oepha`{ md` pekhdg}ue{ a exkmsmpgad

md` imj vazn$

Ephgk{ ac Mzkhmeaiafw

Igne mii rzae{{gad{) mzkhmeaiafg{p{ aiiav md ephgkmi kaè$ M{{akgmpgad{ {ukh m{ phe [akgepw

az Moezgkmd Mzkhmeaiafw) phe Mzkhmeaiafgkmi Gd{pgpupe a Moezgkm) md` phe Zefg{pzw a Rza/

e{{gadmi Mzkhmeaiafg{p{ rujig{h phegz kaè a ephgk{ md` rzae{{gadmi {pmd`mz`{ ad phegz vej

{gpe{$ Ephgkmi kaè{ gd mzkhmeaiafw eorhm{g|e {pevmz`{hgr) oemdgdf phe rzapekpgad a mz/

khmeaiafgkmi {gpe{ md` zekaz`{ az upuze fedezmpgad{> eùkmpgad md` aupzemkh) az gdazogdf

phe rujigk mjaup mzkhmeaiafw md` mzkhmeaiafgkmi g{kasezge{> vazngdf vgph mekpe` fzaur{)

igne iakmi Moezgkmd Gd`gmd pzgje{> md` savgdf dap pa rmzpgkgrmpe gd phe giiefmi {mie a mzpgmkp{$

Mzkhmeaiafg{p{ {haui` dap neer mzpgmkp{ phew d` m{ phew à dap hmse avdez{hgr asez pheo$

Mzkhmeaiafg{p{ {haui` dap neer phegz ze{emzkh pa pheo{eise{) miphaufh {aoepgoe{ {gpe iakm/

pgad{ mze dap omè rujigk gd azèz pa rzapekp pheo zao iaapez{$ Ade a phe fzempe{p phzemp{

pa auz mzkhmeaiafgkmi {gpe{ g{ phe phzemp a iaapgdf md` phe giiefmi pzmè a kuipuzmi ajlekp{$

Vhed iaapez{ zaj mzkhmeaiafgkmi {gpe{ az phegz mzpgmkp{) phew mze zeoasgdf pheo zao phegz

kadpexp) md` è{pzawgdf auz mjgigpw pa expzmkp oemdgdfui gdazompgad zao pheo$

Jzavd Udgsez{gpw {puèdp{ ad md mzkhmeaiafgkmi gf

gd Oe{amoezgkm$ Rhapafzmrh jw Km{{md`zm Oe{gkn$


JZAV


16/45 3

JZAV


Phe Dmpgadmi Hg{pazgk Rze{ezsmpgad Mkp (DHRM' vm{ rm{{e` gd 33 gd md eazp pa rzapekp md`

rze{ezse iakmpgad{ a hg{pazgkmi md` mzkhmeaiafgkmi {gfdgkmdke$ Phg{ mkp hm{ rmse` phe vmw

az phe Dmpgadmi Zefg{pez a Hg{pazgk Rimke{) [pmpe Hg{pazgk Rze{ezsmpgad Acke{ md` mi{a phe

ig{p a Dmpgadmi Hg{pazgk Imdòmzn{$ Phe M`sg{azw Kaudkgi ad Hg{pazgk Rze{ezsmpgad) omè

ur a pvedpw oeojez{) oeep{ auz pgoe{ m wemz pa m`sg{e phe fasezdoedp ad hav pa èmivgph {gpe{ a hg{pazgkmi gorazpmdke$ DHRM {pmpe{ phmp phe fasezdoedp hm{ pa esmiumpe mdw

rzalekp{ (eèzmiiw udè` az rzgsmpeiw' ad hg{pazgk az mzkhmeaiafgkmi iakmpgad{ jw oemd{

a m rzake{{ kmiie` [ekpgad 3 Zesgev$ Phg{ mkp mi{a kzempe` dev laj arrazpudgpge{ udèz

Kuipuzmi Ze{auzke Omdmfeoedp) oedpgade` mjase) gd md eazp pa heir rze{ezse gorazpmdp

mzkhmeaiafgkmi md` hg{pazgkmi iakmpgad{$

Gd phe rm{p) mzkhmeaiafg{p{ md` aphez {kgedpg{p{ ùf ur phe zeomgd{ a Moezgkmd Gd`gmd{

md` aphez ajlekp{ phmp mze {mkze` pa Moezgkmd Gd`gmd{$ Moezgkmd Gd`gmd{ pa`mw à dap

igne gp vhed rearie `g{puzj juzgmi fzaud`{> phew jeigese gp g{ igne {aoeade `gffgdf ur wauz

èkem{e` fzmdòaphez$ Pheze veze da imv{ gd phe rm{p pa rzapekp Dmpgse Moezgkmd {gpe{)

juzgmi{) md` {mkze` ajlekp{$ Phe Dmpgadmi Ou{euo a phe Moezgkmd Gd`gmd Mkp (DOMGM' vm{

phe z{p mkp gd phe Udgpe` [pmpe{ pa je rm{{e` gd zefmz`{ pa zermpzgmpgad) vhgkh g{ phe zepuzd

a Dmpgse Moezgkmd huomd zeomgd{ md` {mkze` ajlekp{$ Rm{{e` gd 8) gp ze}ugze` phe

[ogph{adgmd Gd{pgpupgad pa gdsedpazw mii gp{ kaiiekpgad{ md` pa àkuoedp mdw huomd zeomgd{

az udezmzw ajlekp{ gp hm`$ Phe [ogph{adgmd phed hm` pa zermpzgmpe) az zepuzd) phe zeomgd{

md` ajlekp{ pa kuipuzmiiw mcigmpe`) eèzmiiw zekafdg|e` Dmpgse Moezgkmd fzaur{$

Phe Dmpgse Moezgkmd Fzmse{ Rzapekpgad md` Zermpzgmpgad Mkp (DMFRZM' vm{ rm{{e` gd

Daseojez a $ Phg{ mkp g{ md exped{gad a phe DOMGM mkp) md` g{ m eèzmi imv phmp mrrige{

pa mii mzkhmeaiafg{p{) ou{euo{) md` gd{pgpupgad{ gd phe Udgpe` [pmpe{$ DMFRZM hm{ pva

rmzp{$ Lu{p igne phe DOMGM) gp ze}ugze` mii ou{euo{ md` kuipuzmi gd{pgpupgad{ pa gdsedpazw md`

àkuoedp huomd zeomgd{ md` udezmzw ajlekp{ zeimpe` pa huomd juzgmi) {mkze` ajlekp{)

md` ajlekp{ a kuipuzmi iefmkw gd phegz kaiiekpgad{$ Phed) phew ou{p kadpmkp phe pzgjmi kaudkgi

a phe è{ked`mdp{ az zermpzgmpgad az zepuzd$ Phe {ekad` rmzp a phe mkp zefuimpe{ upuze

mzkhmeaiafgkmi gdse{pgfmpgad{$ Mzkhmeaiafg{p{ kmddap exkmsmpe deviw `g{kaseze` huomd

zeomgd{ a Moezgkmd Gd gmd{$ G phew d` huomd zeomgd{ jw mkkgèdp) phew ou{p {par phegz

vazn md` kadpmkp phe kazadez md` demze{p Moezgkmd Gd`gmd pzgjmi kaudkgi$ Omdw Dmpgse

Moezgkmd fzaur{ hmse zerze{edpmpgse{ phmp vazn vgph md` oadgpaz mzkhmeaiafg{p{ uzgdf phe

exkmsmpgad$

Gp hm{ adiw jeed m{ zekedp m{ phe 8{ phmp mzkhmeaiafg{p{ jefmd pa èsg{e raigkge{ md`

ephgkmi fugèigde{ mjaup phegz ei` a vazn$ Udpgi phed) kad{gèzmpgad{ pavmz { Dmpgse



17/45

JZAV


Moezgkmd pzgje{ md` rearie{ hm` jeed) az phe oa{p rmzp) kaoriepeiw `g{zefmzè $ Gd phe

rm{p) omdw Dmpgse Moezgkmd{ eip phmp mzkhmeaiafg{p{ veze g{ze{rekpgdf phegz mdke{paz{>

DMFRZM rzasgè{ fugèigde{ pa èmi vgph phe g{{ue{ rezpmgdgdf pa phe exkmsmpgad a huomd

zeomgd{ md` miiav{ mzkhmeaiafg{p{ pa vazn vgph Dmpgse Moezgkmd pzgjmi kaudkgi{ gd m mgz

md` kaarezmpgse omddez$ Gp g{ sgpmi phmp mzkhmeaiafg{p{ ze{rekp Dmpgse Moezgkmd{ md` phegzkuipuze$ Jeaze `gffgdf) phew dee` pa ze{emzkh vhephez az dap phe iakmpgad g{ m{{akgmpe` vgph

mdw Dmpgse Moezgkmd fzaur{) md` g phmp g{ phe km{e) phew kadpmkp phe pzgjmi kaudkgi pa `g{ku{{

omppez{ a {rgzgpumi md` kuipuzmi gorazpmdke$



18/45 8

JZAV


SAKMJUIMZW

M$@$

Mezgmi [uzsew

Mzem

Mzpgmkp

M{{eojimfe

J$K az J$K$E$

K$E$

Kad{ezsmpaz{

Kadpexp

@e{kzgrpgse Esgèdke

@ed`zakhzedaiafw

Ekamkp

Exkmsmpgad

Cmudm

Mjjzesgmpgad az Mdda @aogdg) m Impgd rhzm{e oemdgdf Wemz a auz Iaz`$

Phe rzake{{ gd vhgkh md mzkhmeaiafgkmi {gpe g{ exmogde` zao hgfh mjase

phe emzph{ {uzmke$ Phg{ g{ aped gd phe azo a rhapafzmrh{ az gomfe{ phmp

mze pmned zao mgzrimde{ az {mpeiigpe{$

[omii `gffgdf {rmke) u{umiiw mjaup ade oepez jw ade oepez$

Md ajlekp omè az u{e` jw huomd{$

Mii phe ompezgmi{ (mzpgmkp{ md` ekamkp{' aud` pafephez mp md

mzkhmeaiafgkmi {gpe$

J$K$ [pmd`{ az jeaze Khzg{p) jup dav J$K$E g{ oaze kaooadiw u{e`)

oemdgdf Jeaze Kaooad Ezm$

Mjjzesgmpgad az Kaooad Ezm$

[rekgmig{p{ vha vazn ad mzkhmeaiafgkmi ajlekp{ mpez phew hmse jeed

zeoase` zao phe fzaud` pa pzw md` kad{ezse pheo md` rzapekp pheo zao

uzphez momfe$

Rez{rekpgse) edsgzadoedp$ Vhed md mzpgmkp g{ gd kadpexp) gp g{ pmned gdpa

kad{gèzmpgad vgph gp{ {uzzaud`gdf{$

M èpmgie` vzgpped zerazp è{kzgjgdf vhmp g{ aud` gd emkh imwez a

exkmsmpgad$

Md mj{aiupe `mpgdf pekhdg}ue gd vhgkh mzkhmeaiafgkmi ajlekp{ kmd je

`mpe` u{gdf ndavd pzee zgdf {e}uedke rmppezd{$

Jgaiafgkmi zeomgd{ aud` gd phe mzkhmeaiafgkmi zekaz`$ Jade) {ee`{)

khmzkami) epk$

[w{peompgk gffgdf md` zekaz`gdf a md mzkhmeaiafgkmi {gpe$

Impgd pezo zeezzgdf pa phe mdgomi{ a m rmzpgkuimz zefgad$

SAKMJUIMZW

(Sakmjuimzw g{ kadpgdue` ad aiiavgdf rmfe


19/45

JZAV


SAKMJUIMZW

Cempuze

Ciazm

Cudezmzw

Fearhw{gkmi [uzsew

Fzaud` Redepzmpgdf

Zm`mz (FRZ'

FR[

Fzg`

Hwraphe{g{

Gèdpgckmpgad duojez

Iesei

Iaapez

Og`èd

[aoephgdf omd/omè phmp kmddap je zeoase` zao phe `gf {gpe) {ukh m{

aaz{) mipmz{) ze hemzph{) epk$

Impgd pezo zeezzgdf pa phe rimdp{ a m rmzpgkuimz zefgad$

Zeimpgdf pa m udezmi az kaooeoazmpgad a phe èm`$

M rzake{{ gd vhgkh pekhdaiafgkmi e}ugroedp g{ u{e` pa exmogde vhmp

ogfhp je juzge` jedemph phe {uzmke a m {gpe$ Fearhw{gkmi oepha`{ mze

dadgdsm{gse) gd phmp phew à dap `g{puzj az è{pzaw md mzkhmeaiafgkmi {gpe$

M fearhw{gkmi oepha` gd vhgkh zm`mz {gfdmi{ mze {edp gdpa phe fzaud` gd

azèz pa kmpkh m figor{e a vhmp ogfhp je juzge` vgphgd m {gpe$

Md mkkuzmpe Fiajmi Ra{gpgadgdf [w{peo u{gdf {mpeiigpe{ pa pzgmdfuimpe wauz

ra{gpgad ad Emzph jw {ed`gdf md` zekegsgdf {gfdmi{ zao m èsgke u{e` azdmsgfmpgad az {uzsewgdf$

Depvazn a udgazoiw {rmke` md` {g|e` igde{ phmp `gsgè{ m {gpe gdpa udgp{>

u{e` pa zekaz` md` oem{uze md ajlekp{ ra{gpgad gd zeimpgad{hgr pa phe ze{p

a phe {gpe$

M ze{emzkh }ue{pgad$ Gd m {kgedke igne kheog{pzw) phe {kgedpg{p kadùkp{

exrezgoedp{ pa md{vez hez hwraphe{g{$ Gd mzkhmeaiafw) phe mzkhmeaiafg{p

{pu`ge{ phe esgèdke iep jehgd` jw huomd{ pa md{vez m hwraphe{g{$

Emkh gpeo aud` mp phe exkmsmpgad {gpe g{ fgsed m udg}ue duojez$ Phg{

duojez kazze{rad`{ pa phe Cgei`) Mzem gd vhgkh gp vm{ aud`) md` phe gpeo

duojez$

M imwez a exkmsmpgad$ Iesei{ mze duojeze` zao par pa jappao) vgph par

imwez jegdf duojez ade$

M rez{ad vha `gf{ az mzpgmkp{ vgphaup m rezogp az phe ruzra{e a {eiigdf

pheo$ Phg{ g{ giiefmi md` kmd ze{uip gd de{ md`!az lmgi pgoe$

M pzm{h rgp$ Mzkhmeiafg{p{ igne pzm{h rgp{ jekmu{e ade kmd d` aup m iap

mjaup rearie jw fagdf phzaufh phegz pzm{h$ M {heii og`èd {hav{ vhmp

ngd`{ a {heii{h rearie mpe$ Og`èd{ kmd mi{a gdkiuè mdgomi jade{)

rap{hez`{) rgre {peo{) epk$ [gogimziw) m iap a mzpgmkp{ kmd je aud` gd ai`

rzgsw{ az impzgde{$

(Sakmjuimzw g{ kadpgdue` ad aiiavgdf rmfe


20/45

JZAV


SAKMJUIMZW

Rhapa{wdphe{g{

Rap{hez`{

Zm`gakmzjad @mpgdf

Zeoape [ed{gdf

Zermpzgmpgad

Ze{emzkh @e{gfd

[ezgmpgad

[gpe

[pmjgig|mpgad

[pzmpgfzmrhgk

Exkmsmpgad

[pzmpm

[uzmke [uzsew

Pzedkh

Phe rzake{{ jw vhgkh fzeed rimdp{ md` aphez azfmdg{o{ u{e {udigfhp pa

rzaùke aa` zao kmzjad `gaxgè md` vmpez$

Rgeke{ a jzaned rappezw> sezw kaooad pa `gf {gpe{$

M rzake{{ phmp rzasgè{ mj{aiupe `mpe{ jw èpezogdgdf phe èkmw akmzjad gd phe zeomgd{ a mdwphgdf adke migse$

Dadgdsm{gse pekhdg}ue{ gd vhgkh md mzkhmeaiafgkmi {gpe g{ exmogde`

zao mjase phe emzph{ {uzmke$ Zeoape {ed{gdf rzasgè{ vmw{ gd vhgkh

mzkhmeaiafgkmi {gpe{ kmd je mdmiw|e` vgphaup g{puzjgdf az e{pzawgdf m

{gpe$

Gd mzkhmeaiafw) pa {ed` md ajlekp az fzaur a ajlekp{ jmkn pa phe kuipuzmi

az gd`gfedau{ fzaur zao vhgkh gp kmoe$

M èpmgie` rimd az mzkhmeaiafgkmi gdse{pgfmpgad$ Phg{ ogfhp gdkiuè

phe gdse{pgfmpaz{ hwraphe{g{) }ue{pgad{ az rzajieo{ mkgdf phe rzalekp)

pheazepgkmi mrrzamkhe{ md` md aupigde a phe oephaàiafw$

M zeimpgse mpgdf pekhdg}ue gd vhgkh mzkhmeaiafgkmi ajlekp{ mze mdmiw|e`

mkkaz`gdf pa phegz ze}uedkw az {pwie$ Gd phg{ vmw gp g{ ra{{gjie pa `mpe

ajlekp{ gd zeimpgad pa pheo{eise{ jw ruppgdf pheo gdpa m {e}uedpgmi azèz$

Mdw iakmpgad gd vhgkh huomd{ iep {aoe esgèdke a rm{p mkpgsgpgw$

Phe rzake{{ a {pzedfphedgdf md ajlekp pa rzesedp az zeùke

èpezgazmpgad$

Exkmsmpgad gd vhgkh wau kiemz aup emkh iesei jeaze gffgdf mdw uzphez$

Imwez{ a emzph az iesei{ gd md mzkhmeaiafgkmi {gpe) {gdfuimz jegdf {pzmpuo$

[w{peompgk exmogdmpgad a phe fzaud` {uzmke a {gpe{$ U{umiiw kad{g{p{ a

azfmdg|e` ei` vmingdf md` zekaz`gdf a mzpgmkp{ aud` ad phe {uzmke$

Md azfmdg|e` mzkhmeaiafgkmi vazn mzem phmp g{ rmzp a phe {gpe{ fzg`$


21/45

JZAV


Udèz{pmd`gdf Mzkheaiafgkmi Kadpexp

M dape pa pemkhez{ rmzpgkgrmpgdf gd phe @gf Gp-aupzemkh rzafzmo

EIR [pmd`mz` Vzgpgdf) E`gpgdf) iesei ;#$

Kadpedp Ajlekpgse{

Imdfumfe Ajlekpgse{

(az Edfig{h Imdfumfe

Iemzdez{'

Ompezgmi{

Eùkmpgadmi [pmd`mz`{

Zhaè G{imd`

@ermzpoedp a

Eùkmpgad [pmd`mz`{

Om{{mkhu{epp{

@ermzpoedp aEùkmpgad [pmd`mz`{

VG@M Kad{azpguo

{pmd`mz`{ az Edfig{h

Imdfumfe Iemzdez{

IE[[AD RIMD ADE


22/45

JZAV


[e{{gad Ade

Jecaze kim{{) èkgè hav omdw pemo{ wau vgii hmse md` m{{gfd m ru||ie pa emkh pemo$

Zeoase {aoe ac phe ru||ie rgeke{ czao emkh pemo{ jax$

Jzemn wauz {puèdp{ gdpa pemo{ ac pva pa cauz$

Emkh pemo z{p zekegse{ adiw ade rgeke ac phegz ru||ie$

Zem` phe }ue{pgad{ rzasgè` gdMkpgsgpw Ade< ]ue{pgad{ Mjaup phe Ru||ie Rgeke) fgsgdf

{puèdp{ pgoe pa zeekp md` vzgpe$

Emkh {puèdp vgii ze{rad` gd hg{!hez dapejaan az rmrez rzasgè`$

Mcpez kaoriepgdf phe }ue{pgad{ gdMkpgsgpw Ade< ]ue{pgad{ Mjaup phe Ru||ie Rgeke) hmse

{puèdp{ gd phe pemo{ `g{ku{{ phegz md{vez{$

Dav) rm{{ aup phe zeomgdgdf ru||ie rgeke{ pa emkh pemo$

Phe pemo vazn{ ad kaoriepgdf phe ru||ie pafephez (zeoeojez phmp {aoe rgeke{ mze

og{{gdf'$

Zem` phe }ue{pgad{ rzasgè` gdMkpgsgpw Pva< ]ue{pgad{ Mjaup phe Vhaie Ru||ie) fgsgdf

{puèdp{ pgoe pa zeekp md` vzgpe$

Emkh {puèdp vgii ze{rad` gd hg{!hez dapejaan az rmrez rzasgè $

[puèdp{ `g{ku{{ phegz md{vez{ vgph phegz pemo ompe{$

[e{{gad Pva

Zem` miau`Mkpgsgpw Phzee< Vhmp g{ Kadpexp1

Hmd` aup Zem`gdf< Phe Mzpgcmkp

[puèdp{ vazn gd`gsgùmiiw az vgph m rmzpdez pa zem` [kedmzga Ade md` [kedmzga Pva$

[puèdp{ g{ku{{ emkh {kedmzga vgph hg{!hez rmzpdez$

Emkh {puèdp vgii vzgpe md e{{mw u{gdf phe gd{pzukpgad{ rzasgè` gd phe {kedmzga{$

[puèdp{ kmd {vgpkh phegz rmrez{ vgph m rmzpdez pa hmse phegz e{{mw e`gpe`$

IE[[AD RIMD ADE PEMKHEZ GD[PZUKPGAD[


23/45 ;

JZAV


Mkpgsgpw Ade< Ig{pedgdf md` Vzgpgdf< ]ue{pgad{ mjaup ru||ie rgeke

Iaangdf mp wauz pemo{ ru||ie rgeke) riem{e md{vez phe aiiavgdf }ue{pgad{ gd wauz

dapejaan{$

=$ Vhmp àe{ wauz ru||ie rgeke iaan igne1

U{e è{kzgrpgse vaz`{ pa giiu{pzmpe phe kaiaz) {hmre) md` {g|e$

:$ Kmd wau peii vhmp phe imzfez ru||ie iaan{ igne jw lu{p {eegdf phg{ ade rgeke1

Vhw az vhw dap1

Mkpgsgpw Pva< Ig{pedgdf md` Vzgpgdf< ]ue{pgad{ mjaup phe vhaie ru||ie

=$ Vhmp àe{ wauz azgfgdmi ru||ie rgeke iaan igne dav1

:$ Vhmp àe{ phe imzfez ru||ie iaan igne1

Kmd wau {ee phg{ esed phaufh pheze mze {aoe rgeke{ og{{gdf1

Mkpgsgpw Phzee< Ig{pedgdf< Vhmp g{ Kadpexp1

Kadpexp g{ phe oa{p gorazpmdp rzgdkgrie pa md mzkhmeaiafg{p$ Vhed md mzpgmkp g{ aud`) gp g{

gorazpmdp pa dape exmkpiw vheze phe mzpgmkp vm{ aud`) md` pa gdse{pgfmpe phe mzem uzphez pa

{ee g pheze mze aphez mzpgmkp{$ Md mzpgmkp jw gp{ei ogfhp dap aez oukh gdazompgad mjaup

hav gp vm{ u{e` az hav phe rearie phmp u{e` gp igse`$ Jup iaangdf mp mii phe mzpgmkp{ mp m {gpe

pafephez ogfhp fgse phe mzkhmeaiafg{p m vhaie {pazw mjaup hav phe rearie vha veze adke

pheze igse`$

Caz exmorie) iep u{ rzeped` md mzkhmeaiafg{p d`{ md aw{pez {heii vgph {aoe igde{ epkhe`

gdpa gp$ Phe {heii kmd je {mg` pa je md mzpgmkp jekmu{e gp vm{ mipeze` jw m huomd> {aoeade

{kzmpkhe` igde{ gdpa gp$ Lu{p iaangdf mp phe {heii jw gp{ei) ve kmd peii gp vm{ md aw{pez) md`

{aoeade {kzmpkhe` igde{ gdpa gp$ Phmp g{ mii$

IE[[AD RIMD ADE PEMKHEZ GD[PZUKPGAD[ (kadpgdue`'


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Dav) iep u{ rzeped` phe mzkhmeaiafg{p gdse{pgfmpe{ uzphez$ [he exkmsmpe{) az `gf{) md` d`{

oaze {heii{> aw{pez) kimo) md` }umhaf$ [he mi{a d`{ {aoe puznew md` èez jade{$ [aoe

a phe èez jade{ mi{a hmse {kzmpkh omzn{$ Demzjw) {he `g{kasez{ m zgdf a {pade{ md` {aoe

khmzkami> m hemzph) az ze rgp$ Czao mii phe{e {uzzaud`gdf kiue{) {he kmd peii phmp mzem vm{

u{e` az kaangdf) md` phe rearie mpe aw{pez{) kimo{) }umhaf{) èez) md` puznew$ [he zemig|e`phe {kzmpkh omzn{ veze zao rearie kuppgdf phe oemp a phe jade{ vhgie empgdf$ [he kmd

mi{a pmne phe khmzkami pa phe imj pa d` aup hav ai` gp g{$ Phmp vmw) {he ndav{ hav iadf mfa

rearie veze u{gdf phmp {gpe$ Mii pha{e {uzzaud gdf kiue{ mze phe mzpgmkp{ kadpexp$ Vgphaup

phe kadpexp kiue{) dap oukh kmd je {mg` mjaup phe mzpgmkp$ Vgph kadpexp) phe mzkhmeaiafg{p

vm{ mjie pa iemzd oaze mjaup phe mzpgmkp md` phe rearie vha adke igse` mp phe {gpe$

Lu{p igne wauz ru||ie rgeke$ Wau `g` dap ndav oukh mjaup phe imzfez ru||ie udpgi wau hm`

oaze rgeke{ a phe ru||ie pafephez$ Lu{p igne wauz ru||ie) md mzkhmeaiafg{p ogfhp hmse m evrgeke{ og{{gdf) jup phe oaze rgeke{ he hm{) phe oaze kadpexp kiue{ pheze mze pa fuze aup

phe jgffez rgkpuze$

IE[[AD RIMD ADE PEMKHEZ GD[PZUKPGAD[ (kadpgdue`'


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IE[[AD RIMD ADE

Zem`gdf


26/45 3

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[kedmzga Pva


27/45


28/45 8

JZAV


[remngdf


29/45

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Zekaz`gdf Mzpgcmkp{ U{gdf phe Oepzgk [w{peo

[puèdp{ vgii je mjie pa zem` m oepzgk zuiez u{gdf phe èkgomi

{w{peo md` pmne oem{uzeoedp{ a `gezedp pwre{ a

mzpgmkp{$

[puèdp{ vgii kaddekp omph vgph {kgedke md` vgii je mjie pa mrriw

omph gd m zemi/ige {kgedpgk {gpumpgad$

[puèdp{ vgii udèz{pmd` phe pezo{ kedpgoepez md` ogiigoepez$

[puèdp{ vgii je mjie pa zem`) {remn) md` vzgpe oem{uzeoedp{ gdèkgomi{ pa phe pedph{ rimke$

[puèdp{ vgii je mjie pa azmiiw exrimgd hav pa oem{uze phe iedfph

md` vg`ph a mzpgmkp{!ajlekp{$

Oepzgk zuiez{) redkgi{) auz ajlekp{ az emkh {puèdp az pemo) karge{

a phe mppmkhe` vazn{heep{$

Ompheompgk{< O(D#A'/(/3'/;) O(D#A'(/3') O(D#A'(/8')

O(F#O'(/3'$

Ompheompgk{< Duojez [ed{e md` Arezmpgad< $D$) 3$D$>

Oem{uzeoedp< $O$) $O$) 8$O$

EIR [pmd`mz` [remngdf) [akgmi Gdpezmkpgad) iesei ;>EIR [pmd`mz` ; [remngdf) Oepzgk # {pmd`mz` udgp{ a

oem{uzeoedp) iesei ;#$

Kadpedp Ajlekpgse{

Imdfumfe Ajlekpgse{

(az Edfig{h ImdfumfeIemzdez{'

Ompezgmi{


Zhaè G{imd`

@ermzpoedp a

Eùkmpgad [pmd`mz`{

Om{{mkhu{epp{

@ermzpoedp a

Eùkmpgad [pmd`mz`{

VG@M Kad{azpguo{pmd`mz`{ az Edfig{h

Imdfumfe Iemzdez{

IE[[AD RIMD PVA


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[e{{gad Ade

@gsgè phe {puèdp{ gdpa pemo{ ac :/;$

Gdpzaùke phe oepzgk {w{peo pa phe vhaie kim{{$

Emkh pemo oem{uze{ phe igde{ gdMkpgsgpw Ade< Zem`gdf phe Oepzgk [w{peo md` {hmze{ vgph phe

kim{{$

Gdpzaùke èkgomi{ pa phe vhaie kim{{$

Phe pemo{ vazn pafephez pa ii aup phe khmzp gdMkpgsgpw Pva< Phe @ekgomi [w{peo$ [puèdp{

ou{p {mw phe duojez{ rzareziw pa emkh aphez m{ phew vazn ad phe khmzp$

[e{{gad Pva

Exrimgd hav pa d` phe iedfph md` vg`ph a mzkhmeaiafgkmi ajlekp{$

Pemo{ vazn pafephez pa oem{uze phe ajlekp{ gdMkpgsgpw Phzee) Rzmkpgke Ade$

[puèdp{ vazn gd`gsgùmiiw pa oem{uze phe ajlekp{ gd Mkpgsgpw Phzee) Rzmkpgke Pva$

Emkh {puèdp rgkn{ phegz msazgpe ajlekp md` peii{ phe kim{{ hav he!{he fuze` aup phe

iedfph md` vg`ph a phe ajlekp$

IE[[AD RIMD PVA PEMKHEZ GD[PZUKPGAD[


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Gd{pzukpgad{

Wau mze md mzkhmeaiafg{p) md` hmse lu{p kaoe jmkn zao `gffgdf mp md gorazpmdp {gpe$ Wau

mze jmkn mp phe imj) md` zem`w pa pmne gorazpmdp oem{uzeoedp{ a phe mzpgmkp{ wau hmse

aud`$ Jeaze wau kmd oem{uze phe mzpgmkp{) wau dee` pa iemzd hav pa zem` m oepzgk zuiez$ Mi

{kgedpg{p{ oem{uze phgdf{ u{gdf phe oepzgk {w{peo zmphez phmd oem{uzgdf phgdf{ vgph gdkhe{

md` eep$

Mkpgsgpw Ade


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J$ Phg{ igde g{ ko md` oo iadf$

K$ Phg{ igde g{ ko iadf$

Rzmkpgke


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Mkpgsgpw Pva


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35/45 ;

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Mkpgsgpw Phzee< Oem{uzgdf phe Iedfph md` Vg`ph a Ajlekp{

Dav) iep{ mrriw vhmp wau lu{p iemzde` pa oem{uzgdf mzpgmkp{$

Mzkhmeaiafg{p{ oem{uze phe iedfph md` phe vg`ph a md mzpgmkp$

Pa oem{uze phe iedfph a phe mzpgmkp{ jeiav) wau oem{uze pheo miadf phegz iadfe{p {gè{$

[pade paai Pezzm Kappm fuze Oepmi hem`

Pa oem{uze phe vg`ph a phe {moe mzpgmkp{) wau oem{uze pheo miadf phegz vgè{p {gè{$

Rzmkpgke Ade< U{gdf phe igde{ mjase m{ fugè{) oem{uze phe iedfph md` vg`ph a emkh

mzpgmkp$ Zerazp wauz oem{uzeoedp{ u{gdf èkgomi{$

[pade paai< iedfph QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ vg`ph QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ

Pezzm Kappm fuze< iedfph QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ vg`ph QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ

Oepmi Hem`< iedfph QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ vg`ph QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ

IE[[AD RIMD PVA [PU@EDP HMD@AUP (kadpgdue`'


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Rzmkpgke Pva


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Gd phe Imj) @e{kzgjgdf Mzpgcmkp{

[puèdp{ vgii iemzd phe `gezedke jepveed mkp md` argdgad) md`vgii je mjie pa ajlekpgseiw è{kzgje md ajlekp jm{e` ad mkp{

mjaup phmp ajlekp$

[puèdp{ vgii udèz{pmd` phe vaz` è{kzgje$

[puèdp{ vgii udèz{pmd` phe `gezedke jepveed mkp md` argdgad$

[puèdp{ vgii je mjie pa vzgpe md` sezjmiiw è{kzgje phegz m{{gfde`

ajlekp$

Md ajlekp az phe kim{{ pa vazn ad pafephez) md ajlekp az emkh{puèdp) redkgi{) rmrez az jiue/jaan az emkh {puèdp) imzfe {heep

a ra{pez rmrez hudf gd m rzaogdedp rimke gd phe kim{{zaao)

zuiez{) karge{ aGd phe Imj< Zekaz`gdf Mzpgcmkp{$ G kuipuzmi mzpgmkp{

mze dap msmgimjie pa wau) phg{ ie{{ad kmd je m`mrpe` u{gdf mdw

kim{{zaao az hau{ehai` ajlekp$

Ompheompgk{< O(D#A'(/8') O(F#O'(/3'$Zem`gdf< (/8' Z/) Z/;$

Vzgpgdf< (/8' V/) V/3) V/8) V/$

Azmi Kaooudgkmpgad< (/8' AK/) AK/$

Sg{umi Mzp{ # @e{gfd< SM@ (/8'/ m#k) SM@ (/3'/ j#k$

Mzp{< Sg{umi Mzp{< $

[kgedke md` Pekhdaiafw (;/'< Rhw{gkmi [kgedke{<

Edfig{h md` Imdfumfe Mzp{ (/3'< Fedezmi [pmd`mz`{ ) ) ;) ) )

;

EIR [pmd`mz` [remngdf) Gd{pzukpgad{!m{{gfdoedp{) iesei ;#>

EIR [pmd`mz` Vzgpgdf) E`gpgdf) iesei ;#$

Kadpedp Ajlekpgse{

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(az Edfig{h Imdfumfe

Iemzdez{'

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Zhaè G{imd`@ermzpoedp a

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IE[[AD RIMD PHZEE


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[e{{gad Ade

M{n {puèdp{ vhmp vaz`{ phew u{e pa è{kzgje phgdf{) az hav à phew exrimgd vhmp

{aoephgdf iaan{ igne pa {aoeade vha hm{ desez {eed gp$ G {puèdp{ mze hmsgdf pzaujie) wau

kmd m{n pheo pa è{kzgje wauz kim{{ ajlekp$

Vzgpe phegz ze{rad{e{ ad phe imzfe {heep ac ra{pez rmrez$ Omne {uze emkh {puèdp hm{

aeze` mp iem{p ade vaz`$

Dav m{n {puèdp{ vhgkh ac phe vaz`{ ad phe ra{pez rmrez zeekp cmkp md` vhgkh zeekp

argdgad) g$e$ mkp< ze`> argdgad< rzeppw$

@g{ku{{ vgph {puèdp{ vhw phew phgdn m vaz` pa je cmkp az argdgad$ Exrimgd phmp m vaz` igne

rzeppw g{ md argdgad jekmu{e mdaphez rez{ad ogfhp dap mfzee) jup m vaz` igne ze` g{ mkp$

Vhed phe kim{{ hm{ zemkhe` m kad{ed{u{ mjaup m vaz`) omzn md C az A dexp pa gp$

Dexp) `g{ku{{ vgph {puèdp{ phmp phe je{p vmw pa è{kzgje md ajlekp g{ pa u{e phe cmkpumi

vaz`{) g$e$ smdgiim gke kzemo g{ vhgpe md`) vhed G paukh gp) gp eei{ kai`> dap smdgiim gke kzemo

pm{pe{ faa` md` g{ wuoow$ Faa` è{kzgrpgse vaz`{ exrimgd {g|e) {hmre) kaiaz) pexpuze) epk$

M{n {puèdp{ vhgkh vaz`{ ad phegz ig{p {haui` dap je u{e` pa è{kzgje md ajlekp) (pha{e

omzne` A$' Kza{{ pha{e vaz`{ a$ Phg{ {heep {haui` je iep gd m rzaogdedp rimke gd phe

zaao phzaufhaup phe zeomgdèz a phe ie{{ad az {puèdp zeezedke$

Gc wau `g` dap u{e wauz kim{{ ajlekp) {hav phe {puèdp{ phe ajlekp) md` m{n vhmp mze faa`

è{kzgrpgse vaz`{ az phe ajlekp$ Phg{ g{ wauz arrazpudgpw pa esmiumpe vhephez {puèdp{

hmse udèz{paa`$ Exrimgd uzphez g deke{{mzw$

M{n {puèdp{ pa kaoe ur vgph faa` {edpedke{ pa è{kzgje phe ajlekp$ Phew vgii vzgpe phe

{edpedke{ ad phegz rmrez{ az jiue jaan{) g$e$ phe vmpez jappie g{ kiemz) zaud`) md` hm{ m imjei

vgph vzgpgdf ad gp$ Phe vmpez jappie g{ mi{a uii a vmpez$

IE[[AD RIMD PHZEE PEMKHEZ GD[PZUKPGAD[


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[e{{gad Pva

[puèdp{ mze fgsed phegz avd ajlekp md` phe mppmkhe` vazn{heep Gd phe Imj< Zekaz`gdf

Mzpgcmkp{$

Hmse {puèdp{ phgdn miau` phe {per{ deeè` pa kaoriepe phe m{{gfdoedp$

[puèdp{ mze pa vazn gd`gsgùmiiw ad phegz vazn{heep u{gdf phe ra{pez rmrez md` phegz dape{

zao [e{{gad Ade m{ m zeezedke$ [puèdp{ hmsgdf pzaujie omw je rmzpdeze`) az phe mkpgsgpw

kmd je àde gd fzaur{$

Riem{e dape phmp gc {puèdp{ mze udcmogigmz vgph pmngdf oem{uzeoedp{) wau {haui` kaoriepe

phe ie{{ad Zekaz`gdf Mzpgcmkp{ U{gdf phe Oepzgk [w{peo z{p$

[puèdp{ omw dee` heir vgph phe `zmvgdf {ekpgad$ Exrimgd pa {puèdp{ hav pa `zmv mdajlekp zao pva gezedp sgevragdp{$

[puèdp{ kmd {vgpkh phegz kaoriepe` vazn{heep{ vgph m rmzpdez caz rmzpdez e`gpgdf$

[puèdp{ phed {hav phegz ajlekp md` zerazp phegz è{kzgrpgad pa phe kim{{$

IE[[AD RIMD PHZEE PEMKHEZ GD[PZUKPGAD[ (kadpgdue`'


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DmoeQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ @mpeQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ

Gd phe Imj< Zekaz`gdf Mzpgcmkp{

Wau mze md mzkhmeaiafg{p) md` hmse lu{p kaoe jmkn zao `gffgdf mp md gorazpmdp {gpe$ Wau mze

jmkn mp phe imj) md` zem`w pa zekaz` phe mzpgmkp{ wau hmse udkaseze`$ Ad phg{ {heep a rmrez)

wau mze fagdf pa oem{uze) è{kzgje) md` `zmv wauz mzpgmkp$

=$ Gd wauz argdgad) vhmp à wau phgdn wauz mzpgmkp g{1 Hav à wau phgdn phe mzpgmkp

vm{ u{e`1

:$ U{gdf wauz zuiez) oem{uze phe iedfph md` vg`ph a wauz mzpgmkp$

Zeoeojez phmp {kgedpg{p{ oem{uze u{gdf phe oepzgk {w{peo$

@a dap azfep pa gdkiuè phe udgp a oem{uze$

Iedfph< QQQQQQQQQ Vg`ph< QQQQQQQQQ

IE[[AD RIMD PHZEE [PU@EDP HMD@AUP


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;$ @e{kzgje wauz mzpgmkp$

Zeoeojez pa u{e faa` `e{kzgrpgse pezo{ {ukh m{ kaiaz) {hmre) {g|e) pexpuze) epk$

Riem{e vzgpe gd kaoriepe {edpedke{$

0$ @zmv wauz mzpgmkp jeiav zao pva sgev{$

IE[[AD RIMD PHZEE [PU@EDP HMD@AUP (kadpgdue`'


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ZE[AUZKE[ MD@ [EIEKPE@ JGJIGAFZMRHW

Zeezedke{

Mzkhmeaiafw Exrezp

d$`$ Exped{gse Gdazompgad ad Mzkhmeaiafw md` Mzpemkp{ mp Mzkhmeaiafw Exrezp (UN'$ Eiekpzadgk @akuoedp)

hppr

Mzkhmeaiafgkmi Gd{pgpupe a Moezgkm

Ie{{ad Rimd{< [gouimpe` @gf{$ Eiekpzadgk @akuoedp) hppr

rhr1rmfe?;) mkke{{e` Mrzgi $

^_ MGM Kaè a Ephgk{$ Eiekpzadgk @akuoedp) hppr

Ephgk{M[$r`) mkke{{e` Luiw ) $

He{pez) Phaom{ Z$) Hmzzw L$ [hmez) md` Neddeph I$ Ceèz

Cgei` Oepha`{ gd Mzkhmeaiafw$ ph e`gpgad$ Oaudpmgd Sgev) KM< Omwei` Rujig{hgdf Kaormdw$

Ha`èz) Gmd

^_ Phe Mzkhmeaiafgkmi Rzake{{< Md Gdpzaùkpgad$ Axaz`< Jimknveii Rujig{hez{$

Phe New [khaai

Jmknfzaud` ad Mzkhmeaiafgkmi Oepha`{$ Eiekpzadgk @akuoedp) hppr

iadàdpavd!Rmfe{!Rmfe{!mzkhjf$hpoi) mkke{{e` Mrzgi $

Iwdapp) Omzn L$ md` Mig{ad Vwige) e`{

Ephgk{ gd Moezgkmd Mzkhmeaiafw< Khmiiedfe{ az phe {$ [akgepw az Moezgkmd Mzkhmeaiafw [rekgmi

Zerazp$

Rmdkhwn) Zgkhmz`

Mzkhmeaiafw az ng`{ udkasezgdf phe ow{pezge{ a auz rm{p < mkpgsgpge{$ Khgkmfa< Khgkmfa Zesgev$

Zm`gakmzjad VEJ/gda

d$`$ N/$ Eiekpzadgk @akuoedp) hppr

Zefg{pez a Rzae{{gadmi Mzkhmeaiafg{p{

d$`$ Kaè a Kadùkp md` [pmd`mz`{ a Ze{emzkh Rezazomdke$ Eiekpzadgk @akuoedp) mkke{{e` Luiw )

Zedzev) Kaigd) md` Rmui Jmhd3 Mzkhmeaiafw< Pheazge{) Oepha`{) md` Rzmkpgke$ d` E`gpgad$ Phmoe{ md` Hu`{ad$

[akgepw az Moezgkmd Mzkhmeaiafw

3 Rzgdkgrie{ a Mzkhmeaiafgkmi Ephgk{$ Eiekpzadgk @akuoedp) hppr

ie{aMzkhmeaiafgkmiEphgk{!pmjg !;!@emuip$m{rx) mkke{{e` Luiw ) $

[uppad) Omzn ]$) md` Jzaane [$ Mznu{h

8 Mzkhmeaiafgkmi Imjazmpazw oepha`{< Md Gdpzaùkpgad$ d` E`gpgad$ @uju}ue) Gavm< Ned`mii!Hudp$


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Puddmz ) Khzg{parhez

33 Imdòmzn{ a Jemupw$ Dev Wazn< Zmdàohau{e$

Sgpeiig) Nmzed @$) e`$

3 Mzkhmeaiafgkmi Ephgk{$ MipmOgzm Rze{{< Vmidup Kzeen$

Vmpngd{) Lae

Gd`gfedau{ Mzkhmeaiafw< Moezgkmd Gd`gmd Smiue{ md` [kgedpgk Rzmkpgke$ Dev Wazn< MipmOgzm Rze{{$

Gdpezdep Ze{auzke{ az Pemkhez{

Caz oaze gdazompgad mjaup omngdf omr{) sg{gp phe Dev Oexgka [rmke Fzmdp Kad{azpguo$ hppr

{rmkefzmdp$do{u$eù!iudmziefmkge{!mzkhmeaiafgkmiQomrrgdf$hpoi$

Phe [akgepw az Moezgkmd Mzkhmeaiafw$ Hm{ m ig{p a ie{{ad rimd{) ze{auzke{ az kim{{zaao{) md` gdazompgad

mjaup kmzeez{ gd mzkhmeaiafw mp hppr

aiiav phegz igdn{ az oaze gdazompgad mjaup phe [akgepw{ Kaè a Ephgk{$

Phe Mzkhmeaiafgkmi Gd{pgpupe a Moezgkm mi{a hm{ rujig{he` ie{{ad rimd{ ad mzkhmeaiafw md` mdkgedp

kgsgig|mpgad{ ad phegz vej{gpe mp hppr

Phe [md @gefa Ou{euo a Omd) mi{a m ou{euo a mdphzaraiafw) hm{ zee ie{{ad rimd{ mp hppr

ou{euoaomd$azf!hpoi!eùkmpgadQie{{adrimd{$hpoi vhgkh gdkiuè{ gdazompgad mjaup {eiekp mdkgedp

kgsgig|mpgad{ md` mzkhmeaiafw$

Sg{gp Mzkhmeaiafw Exrezp (UN' az exped{gse gdazompgad mjaup mzkhmeaiafw) paai{) moau{ mzkhmeaiafg{p{)

gdpeze{pgdf d`{) kmzeez{ gd mzkhmeaiafw) md` oaze mp hppr

paai{aphemzkhmeaiafg{p$hpoi$

Jaan{ az Pemkhez{

Phe Mzkhmeaiafw Eùkmpgad Hmd`jaan< [hmzgdf phe Rm{p vgph Ng`{$ Nmzaiwd [omz`| md` [heiiew L$ [ogph) e`{$

Dev Wazn< MipmOgzm Rze{{$

Pemkhgdf Mzkhmeaiafw< M [moriez caz Fzmè{ ; pa =:$ Cev) Lamd) md` NK [ogph) e`{$ Vm{hgdfpad) @K< [akgepw

az Moezgkmd Mzkhmeaiafw$

Rzalekp Mzkhmeaiafw Rzgoez< Phe Kaoriepe Fugè caz Kzempgdf m [pmpe az Zefgadmi Rzafzmo$ @aiaze{< Mdm{m|g

Hezgpmfe Kedpez$


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JZAV



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Oae) Neiiw M$ Iepp{) md` @mdgeiie O$ Rmpez{ad$ Vm{hgdfpad) @K< @ermzpoedp a phe Gdpezgaz) Juzemu a Imd`

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Mzkhmeaiafw md` Gdpezkuipuzmi Eùkmpgad gd phe Eieoedpmzw Fzmè{< Md Exmorie czao Ogdde{apm$ Vhgpgdf) Dmdkw

Kmzaiwd$ [akgmi [pu`ge{ Sai$ 8 G{{ue 3 Rmfe{ /3$

Gdpezdep Ze{auzke{ az [puèdp{

@gf< Phe Mzkhmeaiafw Omfm|gde az Ng`{ hm{ igdn{) fmoe{) m{n @z$ @gf) md` oaze mp hppr

kao!$

Phe Dmpgadmi Rmzn [ezsgke hm{ m {gpe kmiie` Mzkhmeaiafw az Ng`{ mp hppr

mzkheaiafw!rujigk!ng`{!gdèx$hpo$

Phe Zee` Cmzo Mzkhmeaiafgkmi [gpe {rad{az{ md gdpezdep exriazmpgad a phg{ mzo{pem`$ hppr

ng`{`gfzee`$kao! emuip$m{r$

Jaan{ az [puèdp{

Oapei ac phe Ow{pezge{ jw @msg` Omkmuimw$

Ewevgpde{{ Jaan{ hm{ m jaan adMzkhmeaiafwjw Lmde OkGdpa{h$

Mzkhmeaiafg{p{ @gf caz Kiue{ jw Nmpe @une$

Waudf Axaz` Jaan{ hm{ m jaan adMzkhmeaiafwjw Dazmh Oaiadew$

=22 Cmkp{ ad Mzkhmeaiafwjw Lahd Cmzdàd$


45/45

JZAV

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JZAV

Mkndavie`feoedp{

Rzalekp @gzekpaz Fezmiwd Haomd)

Kuzmpaz a Rzafzmo{ md` Eùkmpgad) Hmedzeez Ou{euo a Mdphzaraiafw

Phe{e ompezgmi{ veze vzgpped jw Fezmiwd Haomd)

Kmzm Jaw`) Eùkmpgad Gdpezd zao [khaai Ade)

md` Lm{ad Uzjmdu{) Eùkmpgad Gdpezd md` Rh$@ Kmd`g`mpe mp phe

Launav{nw Gd{pgpupe az Mzkhmeaiafw # Phe Mdkgedp Vazi ) Jzavd Udgsez{gpw

E`gpe` jw Nesgd R$ [ogph)

@erupw @gzekpaz) Hmedzeez Ou{euo a Mdphzaraiafw

Fzmrhgk @e{gfd md` Giiu{pzmpgad{ jw [mzmh Rhgijzgkn)

Fzmrhgk{ Kaaz`gdmpaz) Hmedzeez Ou{euo a Mdphzaraiafw

Rhapafzmrhw kaaz`gdmpgad jw Zgr Fezzw

Rhapa Mzkhgsg{p) Hmedzeez Ou{euo a Mdphzaraiafw

EsmiumpgadVe veikaoe }ue{pgad{ md` kaooedp{$ Pemkhez ee`jmkn ad phe u{e a phe{e ompezgmi{ gd phe kim{{

zaao g{ mrrzekgmpe`$ Riem{e eomgi u{ mp hmedzeezrzafzmo{Bjzavd$eù$

Kzempgse Kaooad{ MppzgjupgadPhg{ rujigkmpgad omw je karge` az zerzaùke` vgphaup rzgaz rezog{{gad vhed u{e` az eùkmpgadmi

ruzra{e{$ Riem{e mppzgjupe phe vazn pa phe Hmedzeez Ou{euo a Mdphzaraiafw$

Phg{ vazn g{ igked{e` udèz phe Kzempgse Kaooad{ Mppzgjupgad/DadKaooezkgmi/Da@ezgs{ ;$

Udrazpe` Igked{e$ Pa sgev m karw a phg{ igked{e) sg{gp hppr

d`!;$! az {ed` m ieppez pa Kzempgse Kaooad{) [ekad` [pzeep) [ugpe ;) [md Czmdkg{ka) Kmigazdgm)

) U[M$

Dig It!: Enabling teachers to broaden their tools for teaching about archaeology.

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