Diffraction methods and electron microscopy FYS 4340 and FYS 9340 University of Oslo
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Transcript of Diffraction methods and electron microscopy FYS 4340 and FYS 9340 University of Oslo
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Diffraction methods and electron microscopy
FYS 4340 and FYS 9340
University of Oslo
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FYS4340 and FYS9340
FYS4340– Theory based on ”Transmission electron microscopy” by D. B.
Williams and C.B. Carter– Part 1, 2 and standard imaging techniques (part 3)– Practical training on the TEM
FYS9340– Theory same as FYS4340 + additional papers related to TEM and
diffraction.– Teaching training.– Perform practical demonstrations on the TEM for the master
students.
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Additional web resources
http://nanohub.org/resources/3777– Eric Stach (2008), ”MSE 528 Lecture 4: The
instrument, Part 1, http://nanohub.org/resources/3907
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Permanent academicClas Person, ProfessorArne Olsen, Professor
Anette E. Gunnæs, Ass. Prof.Øystein Prytz, Ass. Prof.
PhD studentsGirma Gardew
Song XinMartin Fleissner Sunding
Fredrik Sydow Hage Per Harald Ninive, HiG
Jørn Erik Olsen, IFE
Adjunct academic staffSabrina Sartori, IFEBjørn Hauback, IFEVidar Hansen, UiS
Ole Martin Løvvik, SINTEFAnnett Thøgersen, SINTEF
ResearchersKjetil Valset
Espen Flage-Larsen, SINTEFPhuong Dan Nguyen
Master students Helle Berg BjørsomAndrey Kosinskiy
Kenneth Kjeverud StrandMartin Normann
Raluca TofanHan Xi
Roger Wold
Professor emeritusJohan TaftøJon Gjønnes
Tore Amundsen
TechnicalOle Bjørn Karlsen, senior
Stefano Rubino, head David Wormald, senior
Members of the Structure Physics Group
August, 2013
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Permanent and adjunct scientific staff 2013
Synthesis
Theory
Experimental
Vidar UiS
Ole MartinSINTEF
Bjørn IFE
Arne
Anette
Clas
Ole Bjørn
Stefano
David
Øystein
Sabrina IFE
Annett SINTEF
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Struktur
FASEHalvleder
fysikk
SINTEFIFE
UiS KTH
2013
NTNU
Katalyse
Internationale samarbeidspartnere
Industri
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Funksjonelleenergi-relatertematerialer iOslo.
Forskningsparken
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VISION OF NORTEMA world-class TEM centre providing access to expertise and state-of-the-art infrastructure for fundamental and applied research within the physical sciences in Norway.
LOOKED
LOOKX X
X X X X
NORTEMThe Norwegian Centre for Transmission Electron
Microscopy
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Department of Physics
Oslo
Trondheim
Department of Materials Science and Engineering
SINTEF Synthesis and Properties
NTNU
UiOSINTEF
TEM Gemini Centre
SMN
Physics Department
Department of Physics
Oslo
Trondheim
Department of Materials Science and Engineering
SINTEF Synthesis and Properties
NTNU
UiOSINTEF
TEM Gemini Centre
SMN
Physics Department
The NorTEM consortium
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NORTEMFinancial investment
Oslo
Trondheim
Granted 58 MNOK from the NRC October 2011, the partners contribute with 25 MNOK own share.
BudgetEquipment incl. rebuilding: 71 MNOKRunning costs (next 5 years): 12 MNOKTotal 83 MNOKWith in-kind contributions the project is 116 MNOK
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Level 1: State-of-the-art instrumentProjects owned or planned by NORTEM research groups, include competence and technique development. External users will not generally operate these instruments.
Level 2: Advanced instrument Operators with agreed needs get access after sufficient training and skills. Formalized training maintains quality and ensures effective use.
Level 3: Standardized and routine TEMMany users require hands-on access to perform simple tasks, where analysis is routine or TEM is a minor activity in a project. Once a specific task is approved, users can be trained.
NORTEMInstrumentation
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NORTEMInstrumentation- level 1 and 2
TITAN G2 60-300 kVWith probe corrector and monochromator
JEM ARM200FCold FEG and double corrected
UHR pole pieceNew, latest generation GIFNORAN detectorHolography
HR pole pieceMoving GIF, US CCD, ASTAR, tomography and Oxford EDS from 2010F
JEM 2100F(trade in JEM 2010F) JEM 2100F
(trade in JEM 2010F)
Oslo-node Trondheim-node
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The importance of imaging:
1)Information transfer
2)Spatial relations
3)Relates to mental images
Imaging
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A picture is worth a thousand words…What is this?
xxxx are spring-blooming perennials that grow from bulbs. Depending on the species, xxxx plants can grow as short as 4 inches (10 cm) or as high as 28 inches (71 cm). The xxxx's large flowers usually bloom on scapes or
subscapose stems that lack bracts. Most xxxx produce only one flower per stem, but a few species bear multiple flowers on their scapes (e.g. xxxx turkestanica). The showy, generally cup- or star-shaped xxxx flower has three
petals and three sepals, which are often termed tepals because they are nearly identical. These six tepals are often marked near the bases with darker colorings. xxxx flowers come in a wide variety of colors, except pure blue
(several xxxx with "blue" in the name have a faint violet hue).
The flowers have six distinct, basifixed stamens with filaments shorter than the tepals. Each stigma of the flower has
three distinct lobes, and the ovaries are superior, with three chambers. The xxxx fruit is a capsule with a leathery covering and an ellipsoid to subglobose shape. Each capsule contains numerous flat, disc-shaped seeds in two rows per chamber. These light to dark brown seeds have very thin seed coats and endosperm that does not normally fill
the entire seed.
xxxx stems have few leaves, with larger species tending to have multiple leaves. Plants typically have 2 to 6 leaves, with some species having up to 12. The xxxx leaf is strap-shaped, with a waxy coating, and leaves are alternately
arranged on the stem. These fleshy blades are often bluish green in color.
Retrieved from wikipedia on 12.03.12
Imaging
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Imaging is very important in research and in everyday’s life:
How many households do not have a TV?Can you imagine an ID without a picture?
How many papers are published without a figure?How many fields were born when new instruments could
”look” into new things?
Microscopes, telescopes, CAT, NMR, infrared cameras, etc.
Imaging
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Resolution: the size of the smallest object we can detect
Resolution
Resolution: the smallest distance between two objects so that we can detect them as separate
Resolution of the human eye: ~2 mm at a distance of 6 mLimits: wavelenght, aberrations of lenses, S/N, stability
lvisible: 400-700 nm l200keV: 2.5 pm Bohr radius: 53 pm
The problem with this definition:Atoms are too small to be detected by the naked eye.
Matter is made of atoms.We cannot see matter.
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Light Optical Microscope
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19
e-
detector
In a Scanning Electron Microscope a very small electron beam is used to probe the sample and create an image
pixel by pixel
Some regions interact more than others with the electron beam and produce a stronger signal
(brighter)
Yeast
Bone
Scanning Electron Microscope
What determines the resolution?
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20
Aunanoparticle
TiN coatingGun
EM lens
Transmission Electron Microscope
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Transmission Electron Microscope
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E0=100~400 keV
Electron-matter interactions
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E
1s
2s
2p {
3s
Continuum (vacuum)
K
n, l, (j=l+s)
L1
L2,3
3p {3d {
EF
0
{K shell (2)
L shell (8)
M shell (18) {Valence/conduction band
Empty states
Density of States (DoS)
KAB Ka2 Ka1
0
Energy levels
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Stability
Air pressure variations (from air conditioning, acoustics): < 5 PaRoom temperature fluctuations: <0.1°C/30min and <0.05 °C/min
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The Titan room today
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The NorTEM Blog
http://www.mn.uio.no/fysikk/english/research/groups/structure/blog-and-news/