Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a...
Transcript of Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a...
![Page 1: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Differential cohomology and applications
Daniel Grady
New York University, Abu Dhabi
April 20 2018
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 2: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is it?
Roughly, a differential cohomology theory hn is a geometricrefinement of a cohomology theory hn.
hn detects refined geometric information which cannot becaptured by a topological cohomology theory.
Every differential cohomology theory comes equipped with a”forgetful” map
I : hn → hn ,
which forgets the geometric information and recovers theunderlying topological information.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 3: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What is it?
Roughly, a differential cohomology theory hn is a geometricrefinement of a cohomology theory hn.
hn detects refined geometric information which cannot becaptured by a topological cohomology theory.
Every differential cohomology theory comes equipped with a”forgetful” map
I : hn → hn ,
which forgets the geometric information and recovers theunderlying topological information.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 4: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
What is it?
Roughly, a differential cohomology theory hn is a geometricrefinement of a cohomology theory hn.
hn detects refined geometric information which cannot becaptured by a topological cohomology theory.
Every differential cohomology theory comes equipped with a”forgetful” map
I : hn → hn ,
which forgets the geometric information and recovers theunderlying topological information.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 5: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
What is it?
Roughly, a differential cohomology theory hn is a geometricrefinement of a cohomology theory hn.
hn detects refined geometric information which cannot becaptured by a topological cohomology theory.
Every differential cohomology theory comes equipped with a”forgetful” map
I : hn → hn ,
which forgets the geometric information and recovers theunderlying topological information.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 6: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Why study it?
Let G be a Lie group with finitely many connectedcomponents. Recall the universal Chern-Weil homomorphism
W : I k(g)→ H2k(BG ;R) ,
where I k(g) is the vector space of Adg invariant polynomialsp (of homogeneous degree k). In more detail
Let P → M be a principal G -bundle with connection θ. Thecurvature Ω of the connection θ is a g valued 2-form.
For an invariant polynomial p ∈ I k(g), we can define thedifferential form p(Ω) by setting
p(Ω1⊗t1,Ω2⊗t2, . . .Ωk⊗tk) = Ω1∧Ω2∧. . .∧Ωkp(t1, t2, . . . , tk) ,
where ti ∈ g and Ωi are 2-forms.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 7: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Why study it?
Let G be a Lie group with finitely many connectedcomponents. Recall the universal Chern-Weil homomorphism
W : I k(g)→ H2k(BG ;R) ,
where I k(g) is the vector space of Adg invariant polynomialsp (of homogeneous degree k).
In more detail
Let P → M be a principal G -bundle with connection θ. Thecurvature Ω of the connection θ is a g valued 2-form.
For an invariant polynomial p ∈ I k(g), we can define thedifferential form p(Ω) by setting
p(Ω1⊗t1,Ω2⊗t2, . . .Ωk⊗tk) = Ω1∧Ω2∧. . .∧Ωkp(t1, t2, . . . , tk) ,
where ti ∈ g and Ωi are 2-forms.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 8: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Why study it?
Let G be a Lie group with finitely many connectedcomponents. Recall the universal Chern-Weil homomorphism
W : I k(g)→ H2k(BG ;R) ,
where I k(g) is the vector space of Adg invariant polynomialsp (of homogeneous degree k). In more detail
Let P → M be a principal G -bundle with connection θ. Thecurvature Ω of the connection θ is a g valued 2-form.
For an invariant polynomial p ∈ I k(g), we can define thedifferential form p(Ω) by setting
p(Ω1⊗t1,Ω2⊗t2, . . .Ωk⊗tk) = Ω1∧Ω2∧. . .∧Ωkp(t1, t2, . . . , tk) ,
where ti ∈ g and Ωi are 2-forms.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 9: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Why study it?
Let G be a Lie group with finitely many connectedcomponents. Recall the universal Chern-Weil homomorphism
W : I k(g)→ H2k(BG ;R) ,
where I k(g) is the vector space of Adg invariant polynomialsp (of homogeneous degree k). In more detail
Let P → M be a principal G -bundle with connection θ. Thecurvature Ω of the connection θ is a g valued 2-form.
For an invariant polynomial p ∈ I k(g), we can define thedifferential form p(Ω) by setting
p(Ω1⊗t1,Ω2⊗t2, . . .Ωk⊗tk) = Ω1∧Ω2∧. . .∧Ωkp(t1, t2, . . . , tk) ,
where ti ∈ g and Ωi are 2-forms.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 10: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Why study it?
Let G be a Lie group with finitely many connectedcomponents. Recall the universal Chern-Weil homomorphism
W : I k(g)→ H2k(BG ;R) ,
where I k(g) is the vector space of Adg invariant polynomialsp (of homogeneous degree k). In more detail
Let P → M be a principal G -bundle with connection θ. Thecurvature Ω of the connection θ is a g valued 2-form.
For an invariant polynomial p ∈ I k(g), we can define thedifferential form p(Ω) by setting
p(Ω1⊗t1,Ω2⊗t2, . . .Ωk⊗tk) = Ω1∧Ω2∧. . .∧Ωkp(t1, t2, . . . , tk) ,
where ti ∈ g and Ωi are 2-forms.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 11: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
One can show p(Ω) is closed. Let f : M → BG be the mapclassifying the principal bundle P → M.
With some care, onecan do this construction for BG to obtain W . Then thetheorem of Chern and Weil asserts that
[p(Ω)] = f ∗(W (p))
in H2k(M;R).Information is lost in this identity! We forgot the connection θwhich gave the representative p(Ω) of the above class. Chernand Simons observed the following.Define the form φ = tΩ + 1
2 (t2− t)[θ, θ]. The differential form
Tp(θ) :=
∫ 1
0p(θ ∧ φ)dt ,
satisfies dTp(θ) = p(Ω) on P.Taking G = SO(3), M an oriented 3-dimensional, and p = p1
to be the first Pontryagin polynomial. Then p1(Ω) = 0.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 12: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
One can show p(Ω) is closed. Let f : M → BG be the mapclassifying the principal bundle P → M. With some care, onecan do this construction for BG to obtain W . Then thetheorem of Chern and Weil asserts that
[p(Ω)] = f ∗(W (p))
in H2k(M;R).
Information is lost in this identity! We forgot the connection θwhich gave the representative p(Ω) of the above class. Chernand Simons observed the following.Define the form φ = tΩ + 1
2 (t2− t)[θ, θ]. The differential form
Tp(θ) :=
∫ 1
0p(θ ∧ φ)dt ,
satisfies dTp(θ) = p(Ω) on P.Taking G = SO(3), M an oriented 3-dimensional, and p = p1
to be the first Pontryagin polynomial. Then p1(Ω) = 0.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 13: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
One can show p(Ω) is closed. Let f : M → BG be the mapclassifying the principal bundle P → M. With some care, onecan do this construction for BG to obtain W . Then thetheorem of Chern and Weil asserts that
[p(Ω)] = f ∗(W (p))
in H2k(M;R).Information is lost in this identity!
We forgot the connection θwhich gave the representative p(Ω) of the above class. Chernand Simons observed the following.Define the form φ = tΩ + 1
2 (t2− t)[θ, θ]. The differential form
Tp(θ) :=
∫ 1
0p(θ ∧ φ)dt ,
satisfies dTp(θ) = p(Ω) on P.Taking G = SO(3), M an oriented 3-dimensional, and p = p1
to be the first Pontryagin polynomial. Then p1(Ω) = 0.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 14: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
One can show p(Ω) is closed. Let f : M → BG be the mapclassifying the principal bundle P → M. With some care, onecan do this construction for BG to obtain W . Then thetheorem of Chern and Weil asserts that
[p(Ω)] = f ∗(W (p))
in H2k(M;R).Information is lost in this identity! We forgot the connection θwhich gave the representative p(Ω) of the above class.
Chernand Simons observed the following.Define the form φ = tΩ + 1
2 (t2− t)[θ, θ]. The differential form
Tp(θ) :=
∫ 1
0p(θ ∧ φ)dt ,
satisfies dTp(θ) = p(Ω) on P.Taking G = SO(3), M an oriented 3-dimensional, and p = p1
to be the first Pontryagin polynomial. Then p1(Ω) = 0.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 15: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
One can show p(Ω) is closed. Let f : M → BG be the mapclassifying the principal bundle P → M. With some care, onecan do this construction for BG to obtain W . Then thetheorem of Chern and Weil asserts that
[p(Ω)] = f ∗(W (p))
in H2k(M;R).Information is lost in this identity! We forgot the connection θwhich gave the representative p(Ω) of the above class. Chernand Simons observed the following.
Define the form φ = tΩ + 12 (t2− t)[θ, θ]. The differential form
Tp(θ) :=
∫ 1
0p(θ ∧ φ)dt ,
satisfies dTp(θ) = p(Ω) on P.Taking G = SO(3), M an oriented 3-dimensional, and p = p1
to be the first Pontryagin polynomial. Then p1(Ω) = 0.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 16: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
One can show p(Ω) is closed. Let f : M → BG be the mapclassifying the principal bundle P → M. With some care, onecan do this construction for BG to obtain W . Then thetheorem of Chern and Weil asserts that
[p(Ω)] = f ∗(W (p))
in H2k(M;R).Information is lost in this identity! We forgot the connection θwhich gave the representative p(Ω) of the above class. Chernand Simons observed the following.Define the form φ = tΩ + 1
2 (t2− t)[θ, θ]. The differential form
Tp(θ) :=
∫ 1
0p(θ ∧ φ)dt ,
satisfies dTp(θ) = p(Ω) on P.
Taking G = SO(3), M an oriented 3-dimensional, and p = p1
to be the first Pontryagin polynomial. Then p1(Ω) = 0.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 17: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
One can show p(Ω) is closed. Let f : M → BG be the mapclassifying the principal bundle P → M. With some care, onecan do this construction for BG to obtain W . Then thetheorem of Chern and Weil asserts that
[p(Ω)] = f ∗(W (p))
in H2k(M;R).Information is lost in this identity! We forgot the connection θwhich gave the representative p(Ω) of the above class. Chernand Simons observed the following.Define the form φ = tΩ + 1
2 (t2− t)[θ, θ]. The differential form
Tp(θ) :=
∫ 1
0p(θ ∧ φ)dt ,
satisfies dTp(θ) = p(Ω) on P.Taking G = SO(3), M an oriented 3-dimensional, and p = p1
to be the first Pontryagin polynomial. Then p1(Ω) = 0.Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 18: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
In this case, Tp1(θ) is closed. Since M is oriented 3-d, itsframe bundle trivializes. Fix a global section s : M → F (M).The integral
1
2
∫Ms∗Tp1(θ) mod Z =: CS(M)
is a conformal invariant of the manifold called theChern-Simons invariant.
Cheeger and Simons defined a differential refinementH2k(M;Z) of the ordinary integral cohomology groupsH2k(M;Z) which fit into the following commutative diagram.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 19: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
In this case, Tp1(θ) is closed. Since M is oriented 3-d, itsframe bundle trivializes. Fix a global section s : M → F (M).The integral
1
2
∫Ms∗Tp1(θ) mod Z =: CS(M)
is a conformal invariant of the manifold called theChern-Simons invariant.
Cheeger and Simons defined a differential refinementH2k(M;Z) of the ordinary integral cohomology groupsH2k(M;Z) which fit into the following commutative diagram.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 20: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
The diamond diagram
Tp(θ) p(Ω)
Ω2k−1(M)/im(d)d //
a))
Ω2k(M)cl
((
[p(Ω)]
H2k−1(M;R)
55
))
CS(θ)
H2k(M;Z)I((
R 66
f ∗(α)
H2k(M;R)
H2k−1(M;R/Z)
55
β// H2k(M;Z)
i 66
The Chern-Weil homomorphism naturally factors throughH∗(M;Z). α ∈ H∗(BG ;Z) is such that i(α) = W (p).
When p(Ω) = 0, we have a secondary characteristic class
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 21: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The diamond diagram
Tp(θ) d //
∈
p(Ω)
((∈
Ω2k−1(M)/im(d)d //
a))
Ω2k(M)cl
((
[p(Ω)]
∈
H2k−1(M;R)
55
))
CS(θ)
H2k(M;Z)I((
R 66
f ∗(α)
66
∈
H2k(M;R)
H2k−1(M;R/Z)
55
β// H2k(M;Z)
i 66
The Chern-Weil homomorphism naturally factors throughH∗(M;Z). α ∈ H∗(BG ;Z) is such that i(α) = W (p).
When p(Ω) = 0, we have a secondary characteristic class
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 22: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The diamond diagram
Tp(θ) d //
∈
p(Ω)
((∈
Ω2k−1(M)/im(d)d //
a))
Ω2k(M)cl
((
[p(Ω)]
∈
H2k−1(M;R)
55
))
CS(θ)
H2k(M;Z)I((
R 66
f ∗(α)
66
∈
H2k(M;R)
H2k−1(M;R/Z)
55
β// H2k(M;Z)
i 66
The Chern-Weil homomorphism naturally factors throughH∗(M;Z). α ∈ H∗(BG ;Z) is such that i(α) = W (p).
When p(Ω) = 0, we have a secondary characteristic class
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 23: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The diamond diagram
Tp(θ) d //
∈
p(Ω)
((∈
Ω2k−1(M)/im(d)d //
a))
Ω2k(M)cl
((
[p(Ω)]
∈
H2k−1(M;R)
55
))
CS(θ)
∈
H2k(M;Z)I((
R 66
f ∗(α)
66
∈
H2k(M;R)
H2k−1(M;R/Z)
55
β// H2k(M;Z)
i 66
The Chern-Weil homomorphism naturally factors throughH∗(M;Z). α ∈ H∗(BG ;Z) is such that i(α) = W (p).
When p(Ω) = 0, we have a secondary characteristic class
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 24: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Generalizations
The need for the differential refinement Hn(M;Z) came fromthe specific differential from representative p(Ω) for thecohomology class [p(Ω)].
The form Tp(θ) was defined so that(locally) dTp(θ) = p(Ω).
In physics applications, a variety of differential forms appearand these forms are organized in various ways.
For example, in type II string theory, the Ramond-Ramondfields arise as differential forms. They are usually combinedtogether in a way that mixes the degrees. In type IIA oneconsiders the formal expression
F = F0 + F2 + F4 + . . . ,
where F2i has degree 2i .
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 25: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Generalizations
The need for the differential refinement Hn(M;Z) came fromthe specific differential from representative p(Ω) for thecohomology class [p(Ω)]. The form Tp(θ) was defined so that(locally) dTp(θ) = p(Ω).
In physics applications, a variety of differential forms appearand these forms are organized in various ways.
For example, in type II string theory, the Ramond-Ramondfields arise as differential forms. They are usually combinedtogether in a way that mixes the degrees. In type IIA oneconsiders the formal expression
F = F0 + F2 + F4 + . . . ,
where F2i has degree 2i .
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 26: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Generalizations
The need for the differential refinement Hn(M;Z) came fromthe specific differential from representative p(Ω) for thecohomology class [p(Ω)]. The form Tp(θ) was defined so that(locally) dTp(θ) = p(Ω).
In physics applications, a variety of differential forms appearand these forms are organized in various ways.
For example, in type II string theory, the Ramond-Ramondfields arise as differential forms. They are usually combinedtogether in a way that mixes the degrees. In type IIA oneconsiders the formal expression
F = F0 + F2 + F4 + . . . ,
where F2i has degree 2i .
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 27: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Generalizations
The need for the differential refinement Hn(M;Z) came fromthe specific differential from representative p(Ω) for thecohomology class [p(Ω)]. The form Tp(θ) was defined so that(locally) dTp(θ) = p(Ω).
In physics applications, a variety of differential forms appearand these forms are organized in various ways.
For example, in type II string theory, the Ramond-Ramondfields arise as differential forms.
They are usually combinedtogether in a way that mixes the degrees. In type IIA oneconsiders the formal expression
F = F0 + F2 + F4 + . . . ,
where F2i has degree 2i .
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 28: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Generalizations
The need for the differential refinement Hn(M;Z) came fromthe specific differential from representative p(Ω) for thecohomology class [p(Ω)]. The form Tp(θ) was defined so that(locally) dTp(θ) = p(Ω).
In physics applications, a variety of differential forms appearand these forms are organized in various ways.
For example, in type II string theory, the Ramond-Ramondfields arise as differential forms. They are usually combinedtogether in a way that mixes the degrees. In type IIA oneconsiders the formal expression
F = F0 + F2 + F4 + . . . ,
where F2i has degree 2i .
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 29: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
In type IIB, one considers the similar expression
F = F1 + F3 + F5 + . . . .
Our current refinement only works for a single form of fixeddegree. We can find other cohomology theories which recoverthese types of expressions as the ”underlying” differential formrepresentative.
For example, complex K -theory admits a differentialrefinement K . This theory fits into the diagram
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 30: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
In type IIB, one considers the similar expression
F = F1 + F3 + F5 + . . . .
Our current refinement only works for a single form of fixeddegree. We can find other cohomology theories which recoverthese types of expressions as the ”underlying” differential formrepresentative.
For example, complex K -theory admits a differentialrefinement K . This theory fits into the diagram
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 31: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
In type IIB, one considers the similar expression
F = F1 + F3 + F5 + . . . .
Our current refinement only works for a single form of fixeddegree. We can find other cohomology theories which recoverthese types of expressions as the ”underlying” differential formrepresentative.
For example, complex K -theory admits a differentialrefinement K . This theory fits into the diagram
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 32: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Ωodd(M)/im(d) //
&&
Ωev (M)cl
&&
Hodd(M;R)
77
''
K (M)
I
$$
R::
Hev (M;R)
K−1R/Z(M)
88
β// K (M)
ch
99
Since this refines even forms, one can consider applications totype IIA string theory.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 33: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Axiomatizing differential cohomology
Recall that by the Brown representability theorem, ordinarycohomology theories are represented by spectra (we will comeback to this in a moment).
A key feature of differential cohomology is the existence of thediamond diagram.
If we take the existence of the diamond diagram as an axiomfor differential refinements, we can ask for an analogue ofBrown representability in this setting.
Let’s first recall the classical statement of Brownrepresentability.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 34: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Axiomatizing differential cohomology
Recall that by the Brown representability theorem, ordinarycohomology theories are represented by spectra (we will comeback to this in a moment).
A key feature of differential cohomology is the existence of thediamond diagram.
If we take the existence of the diamond diagram as an axiomfor differential refinements, we can ask for an analogue ofBrown representability in this setting.
Let’s first recall the classical statement of Brownrepresentability.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 35: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Axiomatizing differential cohomology
Recall that by the Brown representability theorem, ordinarycohomology theories are represented by spectra (we will comeback to this in a moment).
A key feature of differential cohomology is the existence of thediamond diagram.
If we take the existence of the diamond diagram as an axiomfor differential refinements, we can ask for an analogue ofBrown representability in this setting.
Let’s first recall the classical statement of Brownrepresentability.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 36: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Axiomatizing differential cohomology
Recall that by the Brown representability theorem, ordinarycohomology theories are represented by spectra (we will comeback to this in a moment).
A key feature of differential cohomology is the existence of thediamond diagram.
If we take the existence of the diamond diagram as an axiomfor differential refinements, we can ask for an analogue ofBrown representability in this setting.
Let’s first recall the classical statement of Brownrepresentability.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 37: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Axiomatizing differential cohomology
Recall that by the Brown representability theorem, ordinarycohomology theories are represented by spectra (we will comeback to this in a moment).
A key feature of differential cohomology is the existence of thediamond diagram.
If we take the existence of the diamond diagram as an axiomfor differential refinements, we can ask for an analogue ofBrown representability in this setting.
Let’s first recall the classical statement of Brownrepresentability.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 38: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Let’s take a step back
What is a topological cohomology theory? These are characterizedby the Eilenberg-Steenrod axioms.
Definition
A (reduced) cohomology theory h∗ is a functor T op+ → GrAbsatisfying the following
Homotopy: For f : X → Y a basepoint preserving homotopyequivalence, the induced map f ∗ : h∗(Y )→ h∗(X ) is anisomorphism.
Suspension: For the based suspension ΣX , we have acanonical isomorphism
σ∗ : h∗+1(ΣX ) ∼= h∗(X )
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 39: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Let’s take a step back
What is a topological cohomology theory?
These are characterizedby the Eilenberg-Steenrod axioms.
Definition
A (reduced) cohomology theory h∗ is a functor T op+ → GrAbsatisfying the following
Homotopy: For f : X → Y a basepoint preserving homotopyequivalence, the induced map f ∗ : h∗(Y )→ h∗(X ) is anisomorphism.
Suspension: For the based suspension ΣX , we have acanonical isomorphism
σ∗ : h∗+1(ΣX ) ∼= h∗(X )
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 40: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Let’s take a step back
What is a topological cohomology theory? These are characterizedby the Eilenberg-Steenrod axioms.
Definition
A (reduced) cohomology theory h∗ is a functor T op+ → GrAbsatisfying the following
Homotopy: For f : X → Y a basepoint preserving homotopyequivalence, the induced map f ∗ : h∗(Y )→ h∗(X ) is anisomorphism.
Suspension: For the based suspension ΣX , we have acanonical isomorphism
σ∗ : h∗+1(ΣX ) ∼= h∗(X )
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 41: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Definition (Cont.)
Exactness: For the sequence of based spacesf : X → Y → cone(f ), with cone(f ) the mapping cone, wehave an induced long exact sequence
. . .→ h∗(cone(f ))→ h∗(Y )→ h∗(X )σ∗→ h∗+1(cone(f ))→ . . .
Additivity: For a Wedge product X =∨
i Xi , we have anisomorphism
h∗(X ) ∼=⊕i
h∗(Xi ) .
It turns out that all cohomology theories are representable byobjects called spectra
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 42: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
A (pre)spectrum E is a sequence En, n ∈ Z, of basedCW-complexes, equipped with maps
σ : ΣEn → En+1 .
E is called a spectrum (or Ω-spectrum) if the adjoint of σ(under the bijection hom(ΣEn,En+1) ∼= hom(En,ΩEn+1)) isan equivalence. That is,
σ : En'→ ΩEn+1 .
It is relatively easy to show that the functors defined by
hn(X ) := π0Map(X ,En)
satisfy the Eilenberg-Steenrod axioms. Surprisingly, theconverse is also true!
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 43: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
A (pre)spectrum E is a sequence En, n ∈ Z, of basedCW-complexes, equipped with maps
σ : ΣEn → En+1 .
E is called a spectrum (or Ω-spectrum) if the adjoint of σ(under the bijection hom(ΣEn,En+1) ∼= hom(En,ΩEn+1)) isan equivalence. That is,
σ : En'→ ΩEn+1 .
It is relatively easy to show that the functors defined by
hn(X ) := π0Map(X ,En)
satisfy the Eilenberg-Steenrod axioms. Surprisingly, theconverse is also true!
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 44: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
A (pre)spectrum E is a sequence En, n ∈ Z, of basedCW-complexes, equipped with maps
σ : ΣEn → En+1 .
E is called a spectrum (or Ω-spectrum) if the adjoint of σ(under the bijection hom(ΣEn,En+1) ∼= hom(En,ΩEn+1)) isan equivalence. That is,
σ : En'→ ΩEn+1 .
It is relatively easy to show that the functors defined by
hn(X ) := π0Map(X ,En)
satisfy the Eilenberg-Steenrod axioms.
Surprisingly, theconverse is also true!
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 45: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
A (pre)spectrum E is a sequence En, n ∈ Z, of basedCW-complexes, equipped with maps
σ : ΣEn → En+1 .
E is called a spectrum (or Ω-spectrum) if the adjoint of σ(under the bijection hom(ΣEn,En+1) ∼= hom(En,ΩEn+1)) isan equivalence. That is,
σ : En'→ ΩEn+1 .
It is relatively easy to show that the functors defined by
hn(X ) := π0Map(X ,En)
satisfy the Eilenberg-Steenrod axioms. Surprisingly, theconverse is also true!
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 46: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Theorem (Brown)
For every cohomology theory h∗, there is a spectrum E such that
hn(X ) := π0Map(X ,En) .
Spectra can be organized into a category Sp. The objects arespectra and the morphisms are levelwise maps fn : En → Gn
which commute with the suspension σ.
The morphisms can be organized into a topological spaceMap(E ,G ). Even better, Map(E ,G ) is an infinite loop spaceand there is a spectrum of maps F (E ,G ) whose infinite loopspace is Map(E ,G ).
The existence of the mapping spaces allows us to talk aboutthe homotopy theory of spectra.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 47: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Theorem (Brown)
For every cohomology theory h∗, there is a spectrum E such that
hn(X ) := π0Map(X ,En) .
Spectra can be organized into a category Sp. The objects arespectra and the morphisms are levelwise maps fn : En → Gn
which commute with the suspension σ.
The morphisms can be organized into a topological spaceMap(E ,G ).
Even better, Map(E ,G ) is an infinite loop spaceand there is a spectrum of maps F (E ,G ) whose infinite loopspace is Map(E ,G ).
The existence of the mapping spaces allows us to talk aboutthe homotopy theory of spectra.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 48: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Theorem (Brown)
For every cohomology theory h∗, there is a spectrum E such that
hn(X ) := π0Map(X ,En) .
Spectra can be organized into a category Sp. The objects arespectra and the morphisms are levelwise maps fn : En → Gn
which commute with the suspension σ.
The morphisms can be organized into a topological spaceMap(E ,G ). Even better, Map(E ,G ) is an infinite loop spaceand there is a spectrum of maps F (E ,G ) whose infinite loopspace is Map(E ,G ).
The existence of the mapping spaces allows us to talk aboutthe homotopy theory of spectra.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 49: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Theorem (Brown)
For every cohomology theory h∗, there is a spectrum E such that
hn(X ) := π0Map(X ,En) .
Spectra can be organized into a category Sp. The objects arespectra and the morphisms are levelwise maps fn : En → Gn
which commute with the suspension σ.
The morphisms can be organized into a topological spaceMap(E ,G ). Even better, Map(E ,G ) is an infinite loop spaceand there is a spectrum of maps F (E ,G ) whose infinite loopspace is Map(E ,G ).
The existence of the mapping spaces allows us to talk aboutthe homotopy theory of spectra.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 50: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
The differential version of Brown
To arrive at a differential version of Brown representability, weneed to somehow combine differential geometry and stablehomotopy theory.
Since we’re not yet sure what the correct generalization is, wetake a cue from Grothendieck. Any good notion of ”smoothspectra” should come from the ”functor of points”perspective.
More specifically, we should consider sheaves of spectra on thesite of smooth manifolds (which encodes our differentialgeometry). We then look for a convenient subcategory whichcharacterizes differential refinements.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 51: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
The differential version of Brown
To arrive at a differential version of Brown representability, weneed to somehow combine differential geometry and stablehomotopy theory.
Since we’re not yet sure what the correct generalization is, wetake a cue from Grothendieck.
Any good notion of ”smoothspectra” should come from the ”functor of points”perspective.
More specifically, we should consider sheaves of spectra on thesite of smooth manifolds (which encodes our differentialgeometry). We then look for a convenient subcategory whichcharacterizes differential refinements.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 52: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
The differential version of Brown
To arrive at a differential version of Brown representability, weneed to somehow combine differential geometry and stablehomotopy theory.
Since we’re not yet sure what the correct generalization is, wetake a cue from Grothendieck. Any good notion of ”smoothspectra” should come from the ”functor of points”perspective.
More specifically, we should consider sheaves of spectra on thesite of smooth manifolds (which encodes our differentialgeometry). We then look for a convenient subcategory whichcharacterizes differential refinements.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 53: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
The differential version of Brown
To arrive at a differential version of Brown representability, weneed to somehow combine differential geometry and stablehomotopy theory.
Since we’re not yet sure what the correct generalization is, wetake a cue from Grothendieck. Any good notion of ”smoothspectra” should come from the ”functor of points”perspective.
More specifically, we should consider sheaves of spectra on thesite of smooth manifolds (which encodes our differentialgeometry). We then look for a convenient subcategory whichcharacterizes differential refinements.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 54: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Definition
A sheaf of spectra is a functor
E :Manop → Sp
which satisfies descent with respect to good open covers ofmanifolds – i.e. it glues up to higher homotopy coherence on suchcovers.
We write Sh∞(Man;Sp) for the category of sheaves ofspectra.
For any two sheaves of spectra E and G, we havemapping spaces Map(E ,G) inherited from Sp. We have agood notion of homotopy theory of sheaves of spectra.
We can now state the ”representability theorem” fordifferential cohomology theories. This is due to Bunke,Nikolaus and Volkl.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 55: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Definition
A sheaf of spectra is a functor
E :Manop → Sp
which satisfies descent with respect to good open covers ofmanifolds – i.e. it glues up to higher homotopy coherence on suchcovers.
We write Sh∞(Man;Sp) for the category of sheaves ofspectra. For any two sheaves of spectra E and G, we havemapping spaces Map(E ,G) inherited from Sp.
We have agood notion of homotopy theory of sheaves of spectra.
We can now state the ”representability theorem” fordifferential cohomology theories. This is due to Bunke,Nikolaus and Volkl.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 56: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Definition
A sheaf of spectra is a functor
E :Manop → Sp
which satisfies descent with respect to good open covers ofmanifolds – i.e. it glues up to higher homotopy coherence on suchcovers.
We write Sh∞(Man;Sp) for the category of sheaves ofspectra. For any two sheaves of spectra E and G, we havemapping spaces Map(E ,G) inherited from Sp. We have agood notion of homotopy theory of sheaves of spectra.
We can now state the ”representability theorem” fordifferential cohomology theories. This is due to Bunke,Nikolaus and Volkl.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 57: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Definition
A sheaf of spectra is a functor
E :Manop → Sp
which satisfies descent with respect to good open covers ofmanifolds – i.e. it glues up to higher homotopy coherence on suchcovers.
We write Sh∞(Man;Sp) for the category of sheaves ofspectra. For any two sheaves of spectra E and G, we havemapping spaces Map(E ,G) inherited from Sp. We have agood notion of homotopy theory of sheaves of spectra.
We can now state the ”representability theorem” fordifferential cohomology theories. This is due to Bunke,Nikolaus and Volkl.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 58: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
”Theorem” (Bunke,Nikolaus,Volkl):Every differential cohomology theory is representable by a sheaf ofspectra.
Let’s make this more precise. Starting from a sheaf of spectra,we want to somehow recover the differential cohomologydiamond diagram.
The homotopy theory of Sh∞(Man;Sp) is related to that ofSp in several ways.
For each sheaf of spectra E , we can evaluate on the pointmanifold ∗ ∈ Man to obtain an ordinary spectrum E . Thisoperation is functorial and so we get a functor
Γ : Sh∞(Man;Sp)→ Sp
called the global sections functor.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 59: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
”Theorem” (Bunke,Nikolaus,Volkl):Every differential cohomology theory is representable by a sheaf ofspectra.
Let’s make this more precise.
Starting from a sheaf of spectra,we want to somehow recover the differential cohomologydiamond diagram.
The homotopy theory of Sh∞(Man;Sp) is related to that ofSp in several ways.
For each sheaf of spectra E , we can evaluate on the pointmanifold ∗ ∈ Man to obtain an ordinary spectrum E . Thisoperation is functorial and so we get a functor
Γ : Sh∞(Man;Sp)→ Sp
called the global sections functor.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 60: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
”Theorem” (Bunke,Nikolaus,Volkl):Every differential cohomology theory is representable by a sheaf ofspectra.
Let’s make this more precise. Starting from a sheaf of spectra,we want to somehow recover the differential cohomologydiamond diagram.
The homotopy theory of Sh∞(Man;Sp) is related to that ofSp in several ways.
For each sheaf of spectra E , we can evaluate on the pointmanifold ∗ ∈ Man to obtain an ordinary spectrum E . Thisoperation is functorial and so we get a functor
Γ : Sh∞(Man;Sp)→ Sp
called the global sections functor.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 61: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
”Theorem” (Bunke,Nikolaus,Volkl):Every differential cohomology theory is representable by a sheaf ofspectra.
Let’s make this more precise. Starting from a sheaf of spectra,we want to somehow recover the differential cohomologydiamond diagram.
The homotopy theory of Sh∞(Man;Sp) is related to that ofSp in several ways.
For each sheaf of spectra E , we can evaluate on the pointmanifold ∗ ∈ Man to obtain an ordinary spectrum E . Thisoperation is functorial and so we get a functor
Γ : Sh∞(Man;Sp)→ Sp
called the global sections functor.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 62: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
”Theorem” (Bunke,Nikolaus,Volkl):Every differential cohomology theory is representable by a sheaf ofspectra.
Let’s make this more precise. Starting from a sheaf of spectra,we want to somehow recover the differential cohomologydiamond diagram.
The homotopy theory of Sh∞(Man;Sp) is related to that ofSp in several ways.
For each sheaf of spectra E , we can evaluate on the pointmanifold ∗ ∈ Man to obtain an ordinary spectrum E . Thisoperation is functorial and so we get a functor
Γ : Sh∞(Man;Sp)→ Sp
called the global sections functor.
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Differential cohomology and applications
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”Theorem” (Bunke,Nikolaus,Volkl):Every differential cohomology theory is representable by a sheaf ofspectra.
Let’s make this more precise. Starting from a sheaf of spectra,we want to somehow recover the differential cohomologydiamond diagram.
The homotopy theory of Sh∞(Man;Sp) is related to that ofSp in several ways.
For each sheaf of spectra E , we can evaluate on the pointmanifold ∗ ∈ Man to obtain an ordinary spectrum E . Thisoperation is functorial and so we get a functor
Γ : Sh∞(Man;Sp)→ Sp
called the global sections functor.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 64: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
We also have a functor δ : Sp → Sh∞(Man;Sp), whichsends each ordinary spectrum E to the the sheafification ofthe constant presheaf M 7→ E for all M ∈Man.More interestingly, we have a functor
Π : Sp∞(Man;Sp)→ Sp ,which associates to each sheaf of spectra E , the spectrumwhich is the homotopy colimit over the diagram
. . . E(∆2)oooooooo E(∆1)oooo
oo E(∆0)oooo
These functors can be organized into a (homotopy) quadrupleadjunction
Sp∞(Man;Sp)Π //
Γ // Sp? _δoo
oo
This structure is called cohesion and was introduced by UrsSchreiber.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 65: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
We also have a functor δ : Sp → Sh∞(Man;Sp), whichsends each ordinary spectrum E to the the sheafification ofthe constant presheaf M 7→ E for all M ∈Man.
More interestingly, we have a functor
Π : Sp∞(Man;Sp)→ Sp ,which associates to each sheaf of spectra E , the spectrumwhich is the homotopy colimit over the diagram
. . . E(∆2)oooooooo E(∆1)oooo
oo E(∆0)oooo
These functors can be organized into a (homotopy) quadrupleadjunction
Sp∞(Man;Sp)Π //
Γ // Sp? _δoo
oo
This structure is called cohesion and was introduced by UrsSchreiber.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 66: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
We also have a functor δ : Sp → Sh∞(Man;Sp), whichsends each ordinary spectrum E to the the sheafification ofthe constant presheaf M 7→ E for all M ∈Man.More interestingly, we have a functor
Π : Sp∞(Man;Sp)→ Sp ,which associates to each sheaf of spectra E , the spectrumwhich is the homotopy colimit over the diagram
. . . E(∆2)oo oooooo E(∆1)oo oo
oo E(∆0)oooo
These functors can be organized into a (homotopy) quadrupleadjunction
Sp∞(Man;Sp)Π //
Γ // Sp? _δoo
oo
This structure is called cohesion and was introduced by UrsSchreiber.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 67: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
We also have a functor δ : Sp → Sh∞(Man;Sp), whichsends each ordinary spectrum E to the the sheafification ofthe constant presheaf M 7→ E for all M ∈Man.More interestingly, we have a functor
Π : Sp∞(Man;Sp)→ Sp ,which associates to each sheaf of spectra E , the spectrumwhich is the homotopy colimit over the diagram
. . . E(∆2)oo oooooo E(∆1)oo oo
oo E(∆0)oooo
These functors can be organized into a (homotopy) quadrupleadjunction
Sp∞(Man;Sp)Π //
Γ // Sp? _δoo
oo
This structure is called cohesion and was introduced by UrsSchreiber.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 68: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
By composing the adjoints Π a δ a Γ, we recover the diamonddiagram
Σ−1cone(I) //
$$
cone(η)
%%
Σ−1δΠcone(η)
77
((
EI
""
R<<
δΠcone(η)
δΓ(E)
η
::
// δΠ(E)
88
This is a homotopy commutative diagram in Sh∞(Man;Sp).The left and right squares are homotopy pullback squares.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
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By composing the adjoints Π a δ a Γ, we recover the diamonddiagram
Σ−1cone(I) //
$$
cone(η)
%%
Σ−1δΠcone(η)
77
((
EI
""
R<<
δΠcone(η)
δΓ(E)
η
::
// δΠ(E)
88
This is a homotopy commutative diagram in Sh∞(Man;Sp).The left and right squares are homotopy pullback squares.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
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Setting hn(M) := π0Map(M; En) gives a differentialcohomology theory fitting into a diamond diagram.
Here is sheaf of spectra which recovers the differential K -theorydiagram. Example:
Let Ωe/o be the sheaf of chain complexes which associates toeach smooth manifold M the chain complex
. . . // Ωeven(M)d // Ωodd(M)
d // Ωeven(M) // . . . .
Consider the truncated complex τ≥0Ωe/o
deg zero
. . . // Ωodd(M)d // Ωeven(M) // 0 // .
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
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Setting hn(M) := π0Map(M; En) gives a differentialcohomology theory fitting into a diamond diagram.
Here is sheaf of spectra which recovers the differential K -theorydiagram. Example:
Let Ωe/o be the sheaf of chain complexes which associates toeach smooth manifold M the chain complex
. . . // Ωeven(M)d // Ωodd(M)
d // Ωeven(M) // . . . .
Consider the truncated complex τ≥0Ωe/o
deg zero
. . . // Ωodd(M)d // Ωeven(M) // 0 // .
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 72: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Setting hn(M) := π0Map(M; En) gives a differentialcohomology theory fitting into a diamond diagram.
Here is sheaf of spectra which recovers the differential K -theorydiagram. Example:
Let Ωe/o be the sheaf of chain complexes which associates toeach smooth manifold M the chain complex
. . . // Ωeven(M)d // Ωodd(M)
d // Ωeven(M) // . . . .
Consider the truncated complex τ≥0Ωe/o
deg zero
. . . // Ωodd(M)d // Ωeven(M) // 0 // .
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 73: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Setting hn(M) := π0Map(M; En) gives a differentialcohomology theory fitting into a diamond diagram.
Here is sheaf of spectra which recovers the differential K -theorydiagram. Example:
Let Ωe/o be the sheaf of chain complexes which associates toeach smooth manifold M the chain complex
. . . // Ωeven(M)d // Ωodd(M)
d // Ωeven(M) // . . . .
Consider the truncated complex τ≥0Ωe/o
deg zero
. . . // Ωodd(M)d // Ωeven(M) // 0 // .
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 74: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
There is a functor H : Ch→ Sp which assigns everyunbounded chain complex to a spectrum. This functor iscalled the Eilenberg-Maclane functor.
The name comes fromthe example
H(. . . // 0 // A // 0 // . . .
)' HA
Applying H to both Ωe/o and τ≥0Ωe/o gives two sheaves ofspectra H(τ≥0Ωe/o) and H(Ωe/o).We also have the constant sheaf of spectra δ(K ).Recall the Chern character map
ch : K → H(R[u, u−1]) .
The graded ring R[u, u−1] gives rise to a complex(0 // R // 0 // R // 0 // . . .
)
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 75: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
There is a functor H : Ch→ Sp which assigns everyunbounded chain complex to a spectrum. This functor iscalled the Eilenberg-Maclane functor. The name comes fromthe example
H(. . . // 0 // A // 0 // . . .
)' HA
Applying H to both Ωe/o and τ≥0Ωe/o gives two sheaves ofspectra H(τ≥0Ωe/o) and H(Ωe/o).We also have the constant sheaf of spectra δ(K ).Recall the Chern character map
ch : K → H(R[u, u−1]) .
The graded ring R[u, u−1] gives rise to a complex(0 // R // 0 // R // 0 // . . .
)
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 76: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
There is a functor H : Ch→ Sp which assigns everyunbounded chain complex to a spectrum. This functor iscalled the Eilenberg-Maclane functor. The name comes fromthe example
H(. . . // 0 // A // 0 // . . .
)' HA
Applying H to both Ωe/o and τ≥0Ωe/o gives two sheaves ofspectra H(τ≥0Ωe/o) and H(Ωe/o).
We also have the constant sheaf of spectra δ(K ).Recall the Chern character map
ch : K → H(R[u, u−1]) .
The graded ring R[u, u−1] gives rise to a complex(0 // R // 0 // R // 0 // . . .
)
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 77: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
There is a functor H : Ch→ Sp which assigns everyunbounded chain complex to a spectrum. This functor iscalled the Eilenberg-Maclane functor. The name comes fromthe example
H(. . . // 0 // A // 0 // . . .
)' HA
Applying H to both Ωe/o and τ≥0Ωe/o gives two sheaves ofspectra H(τ≥0Ωe/o) and H(Ωe/o).We also have the constant sheaf of spectra δ(K ).
Recall the Chern character map
ch : K → H(R[u, u−1]) .
The graded ring R[u, u−1] gives rise to a complex(0 // R // 0 // R // 0 // . . .
)
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 78: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
There is a functor H : Ch→ Sp which assigns everyunbounded chain complex to a spectrum. This functor iscalled the Eilenberg-Maclane functor. The name comes fromthe example
H(. . . // 0 // A // 0 // . . .
)' HA
Applying H to both Ωe/o and τ≥0Ωe/o gives two sheaves ofspectra H(τ≥0Ωe/o) and H(Ωe/o).We also have the constant sheaf of spectra δ(K ).Recall the Chern character map
ch : K → H(R[u, u−1]) .
The graded ring R[u, u−1] gives rise to a complex(0 // R // 0 // R // 0 // . . .
)
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 79: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
There is a functor H : Ch→ Sp which assigns everyunbounded chain complex to a spectrum. This functor iscalled the Eilenberg-Maclane functor. The name comes fromthe example
H(. . . // 0 // A // 0 // . . .
)' HA
Applying H to both Ωe/o and τ≥0Ωe/o gives two sheaves ofspectra H(τ≥0Ωe/o) and H(Ωe/o).We also have the constant sheaf of spectra δ(K ).Recall the Chern character map
ch : K → H(R[u, u−1]) .
The graded ring R[u, u−1] gives rise to a complex(0 // R // 0 // R // 0 // . . .
)Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 80: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
It follows from the Poincare lemma that the chain mapi : δ(R[u, u−1])→ Ωe/o , defined levelwise by
. . . // R
// 0
// R
// . . .
. . . // Ωeven d // Ωodd d // Ωeven // . . .
is a quasi-isomorphism of sheaves of complexes.
We then consider the composite map
c : δ(K )δ(ch)−→ H(δ(R[u, u−1]))
H(i) '−→ H(Ωe/o) .
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
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Define the sheaf of spectra K as the homotopy pullback inSh∞(Man;Sp)
K //
H(τ≥0Ωe/o)
δ(K )c // H(Ωe/o)
Then K (M) = π0Map(M; K0).
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
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The Atiyah-Hirzebruch spectral sequence and apps
For an topological cohomology theory h∗, Atiyah andHirzebruch constructed a spectral sequence of the form
Hp(X ; hq(∗))⇒ hp+q(X ) .
In joint work with Hisham Sati, we constructed a spectralsequence that works for any differential cohomology theoryand reduces to the usual Atiyah-Hirzebruch for topologicaltheories.
Let’s first recall the classical construction by Atiyah andHirzebruch.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
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The Atiyah-Hirzebruch spectral sequence and apps
For an topological cohomology theory h∗, Atiyah andHirzebruch constructed a spectral sequence of the form
Hp(X ; hq(∗))⇒ hp+q(X ) .
In joint work with Hisham Sati, we constructed a spectralsequence that works for any differential cohomology theoryand reduces to the usual Atiyah-Hirzebruch for topologicaltheories.
Let’s first recall the classical construction by Atiyah andHirzebruch.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 84: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
The Atiyah-Hirzebruch spectral sequence and apps
For an topological cohomology theory h∗, Atiyah andHirzebruch constructed a spectral sequence of the form
Hp(X ; hq(∗))⇒ hp+q(X ) .
In joint work with Hisham Sati, we constructed a spectralsequence that works for any differential cohomology theoryand reduces to the usual Atiyah-Hirzebruch for topologicaltheories.
Let’s first recall the classical construction by Atiyah andHirzebruch.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 85: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
The Atiyah-Hirzebruch spectral sequence
Suppose X is a finite dimensional CW-complex. Then we have aCW-filtration on X
X = limF0
// F1// F2
// . . ..
The successive quotients are given as the wedge products ofspheres
Fn/Fn−1 '∨
σ∈C(n)
Sn .
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 86: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
The Atiyah-Hirzebruch spectral sequence
Suppose X is a finite dimensional CW-complex. Then we have aCW-filtration on X
X = limF0
// F1// F2
// . . ..
The successive quotients are given as the wedge products ofspheres
Fn/Fn−1 '∨
σ∈C(n)
Sn .
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 87: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
The filtration gives rise to an exact couple∏p,q h
p+q(Fp) //∏
p,q hp+q(Fp)
∂
vv∏p,q h
p+q(Fp,Fp−1)
hh
Ep,q1 = hp+q(Fp,Fp−1)
∼=⊕
σ∈C(n)
hp+q(Sp)
∼=⊕
σ∈C(p)
hq(S0) ∼= Cp(X ; hq(∗))
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Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 88: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
The filtration gives rise to an exact couple∏p,q h
p+q(Fp) //∏
p,q hp+q(Fp)
∂
vv∏p,q h
p+q(Fp,Fp−1)
hh
Ep,q1 = hp+q(Fp,Fp−1)
∼=⊕
σ∈C(n)
hp+q(Sp)
∼=⊕
σ∈C(p)
hq(S0) ∼= Cp(X ; hq(∗))
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 89: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
Ep,q2 = Hp(X ; hq(∗))
Considering the case for complex K -theory, we haveKq(∗) ∼= Z, q even and Kq(∗) ∼= 0 if q odd. So in this case,
Ep,2q2 = Hp(X ;Z), Ep,2q+1
2 = 0 .
Question: given a cohomology class, when can you lift toK -theory?
Obstructions are in the differentials of the spectral sequence,for example on the E3-page, Atiyah showed that
d3 = Sq3Z : Hp(X ;Z)→ Hp+3(X ;Z)
If η ∈ Hp(X ;Z) is such that Sq3Z(η) 6= 0, then η cannot
represent a K -theory class.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 90: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Ep,q2 = Hp(X ; hq(∗))
Considering the case for complex K -theory, we haveKq(∗) ∼= Z, q even and Kq(∗) ∼= 0 if q odd. So in this case,
Ep,2q2 = Hp(X ;Z), Ep,2q+1
2 = 0 .
Question: given a cohomology class, when can you lift toK -theory?
Obstructions are in the differentials of the spectral sequence,for example on the E3-page, Atiyah showed that
d3 = Sq3Z : Hp(X ;Z)→ Hp+3(X ;Z)
If η ∈ Hp(X ;Z) is such that Sq3Z(η) 6= 0, then η cannot
represent a K -theory class.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 91: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Ep,q2 = Hp(X ; hq(∗))
Considering the case for complex K -theory, we haveKq(∗) ∼= Z, q even and Kq(∗) ∼= 0 if q odd. So in this case,
Ep,2q2 = Hp(X ;Z), Ep,2q+1
2 = 0 .
Question: given a cohomology class, when can you lift toK -theory?
Obstructions are in the differentials of the spectral sequence,for example on the E3-page, Atiyah showed that
d3 = Sq3Z : Hp(X ;Z)→ Hp+3(X ;Z)
If η ∈ Hp(X ;Z) is such that Sq3Z(η) 6= 0, then η cannot
represent a K -theory class.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 92: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Ep,q2 = Hp(X ; hq(∗))
Considering the case for complex K -theory, we haveKq(∗) ∼= Z, q even and Kq(∗) ∼= 0 if q odd. So in this case,
Ep,2q2 = Hp(X ;Z), Ep,2q+1
2 = 0 .
Question: given a cohomology class, when can you lift toK -theory?
Obstructions are in the differentials of the spectral sequence,for example on the E3-page, Atiyah showed that
d3 = Sq3Z : Hp(X ;Z)→ Hp+3(X ;Z)
If η ∈ Hp(X ;Z) is such that Sq3Z(η) 6= 0, then η cannot
represent a K -theory class.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 93: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Ep,q2 = Hp(X ; hq(∗))
Considering the case for complex K -theory, we haveKq(∗) ∼= Z, q even and Kq(∗) ∼= 0 if q odd. So in this case,
Ep,2q2 = Hp(X ;Z), Ep,2q+1
2 = 0 .
Question: given a cohomology class, when can you lift toK -theory?
Obstructions are in the differentials of the spectral sequence,for example on the E3-page, Atiyah showed that
d3 = Sq3Z : Hp(X ;Z)→ Hp+3(X ;Z)
If η ∈ Hp(X ;Z) is such that Sq3Z(η) 6= 0, then η cannot
represent a K -theory class.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 94: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Ep,q2 = Hp(X ; hq(∗))
Considering the case for complex K -theory, we haveKq(∗) ∼= Z, q even and Kq(∗) ∼= 0 if q odd. So in this case,
Ep,2q2 = Hp(X ;Z), Ep,2q+1
2 = 0 .
Question: given a cohomology class, when can you lift toK -theory?
Obstructions are in the differentials of the spectral sequence,for example on the E3-page, Atiyah showed that
d3 = Sq3Z : Hp(X ;Z)→ Hp+3(X ;Z)
If η ∈ Hp(X ;Z) is such that Sq3Z(η) 6= 0, then η cannot
represent a K -theory class.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 95: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
The differential refinement
Key idea:
Replace the CW-filtration by the Cech nervefiltration.
More precisely, we consider the simplicial object
C (Uα) =. . .
//////∐αβ Uαβ
////∐α Uα ,
in Sh∞(Man)
We can filter the realization of the simplicial object C (Uα)(again taken in Sh∞(Man)) by skeleta and take
Fn = |skkC (Uα)|
so that limFn ' M (by descent).
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 96: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
The differential refinement
Key idea: Replace the CW-filtration by the Cech nervefiltration.
More precisely, we consider the simplicial object
C (Uα) =. . .
//////∐αβ Uαβ
////∐α Uα ,
in Sh∞(Man)
We can filter the realization of the simplicial object C (Uα)(again taken in Sh∞(Man)) by skeleta and take
Fn = |skkC (Uα)|
so that limFn ' M (by descent).
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 97: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
The differential refinement
Key idea: Replace the CW-filtration by the Cech nervefiltration.
More precisely, we consider the simplicial object
C (Uα) =. . .
//////∐αβ Uαβ
////∐α Uα ,
in Sh∞(Man)
We can filter the realization of the simplicial object C (Uα)(again taken in Sh∞(Man)) by skeleta and take
Fn = |skkC (Uα)|
so that limFn ' M (by descent).
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 98: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
The differential refinement
Key idea: Replace the CW-filtration by the Cech nervefiltration.
More precisely, we consider the simplicial object
C (Uα) =. . .
//////∐αβ Uαβ
////∐α Uα ,
in Sh∞(Man)
We can filter the realization of the simplicial object C (Uα)(again taken in Sh∞(Man)) by skeleta and take
Fn = |skkC (Uα)|
so that limFn ' M (by descent).
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 99: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
Note that in spaces, this filtration gives rise to a CW-filtrationof M!
This follows from a folk theorem (going back at leastto Borsuk in 1948), which states that the CW-complex givenby contracting out the various intersections of the cover andgeometrically realizing is equivalent to M.
In the case of K -theory we have the following.
(Grady, Sati). This gives a spectral sequence with E2-page
Ep,q2 = Hp(X ;U(1)), q < 0, q odd
E 0,02 = Ωev
cl (X )
Ep,q2 = Hp(X ;Z), q > 0, q even
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 100: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
Note that in spaces, this filtration gives rise to a CW-filtrationof M! This follows from a folk theorem (going back at leastto Borsuk in 1948), which states that the CW-complex givenby contracting out the various intersections of the cover andgeometrically realizing is equivalent to M.
In the case of K -theory we have the following.
(Grady, Sati). This gives a spectral sequence with E2-page
Ep,q2 = Hp(X ;U(1)), q < 0, q odd
E 0,02 = Ωev
cl (X )
Ep,q2 = Hp(X ;Z), q > 0, q even
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 101: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
Note that in spaces, this filtration gives rise to a CW-filtrationof M! This follows from a folk theorem (going back at leastto Borsuk in 1948), which states that the CW-complex givenby contracting out the various intersections of the cover andgeometrically realizing is equivalent to M.
In the case of K -theory we have the following.
(Grady, Sati). This gives a spectral sequence with E2-page
Ep,q2 = Hp(X ;U(1)), q < 0, q odd
E 0,02 = Ωev
cl (X )
Ep,q2 = Hp(X ;Z), q > 0, q even
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 102: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
Note that in spaces, this filtration gives rise to a CW-filtrationof M! This follows from a folk theorem (going back at leastto Borsuk in 1948), which states that the CW-complex givenby contracting out the various intersections of the cover andgeometrically realizing is equivalent to M.
In the case of K -theory we have the following.
(Grady, Sati). This gives a spectral sequence with E2-page
Ep,q2 = Hp(X ;U(1)), q < 0, q odd
E 0,02 = Ωev
cl (X )
Ep,q2 = Hp(X ;Z), q > 0, q even
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 103: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
Theorem (Grady, Sati)
The differential on the E3-page of the spectral sequence is given by
d3 = Sq3
: Hp(M;U(1))→ Hp+3(M;U(1)) .
This gives an obstruction to lifting a class inU(1)-cohomology to a flat class in differential K -theory
There are differentials
d2k : Ωev(M)cl → H2k(X ,U(1)) .
Conjecture: For M admitting Spinc -structure, we have
d2k(ω) = n2k
[A(M) ∧ ec1/2 ∧ ω
]2k
,
where n2k is an integer related to solving Steenrod’s problem forrepresentability of a cycle c : ∆2k → M by a smooth manifold.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 104: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
Theorem (Grady, Sati)
The differential on the E3-page of the spectral sequence is given by
d3 = Sq3
: Hp(M;U(1))→ Hp+3(M;U(1)) .
This gives an obstruction to lifting a class inU(1)-cohomology to a flat class in differential K -theory
There are differentials
d2k : Ωev(M)cl → H2k(X ,U(1)) .
Conjecture: For M admitting Spinc -structure, we have
d2k(ω) = n2k
[A(M) ∧ ec1/2 ∧ ω
]2k
,
where n2k is an integer related to solving Steenrod’s problem forrepresentability of a cycle c : ∆2k → M by a smooth manifold.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 105: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
Theorem (Grady, Sati)
The differential on the E3-page of the spectral sequence is given by
d3 = Sq3
: Hp(M;U(1))→ Hp+3(M;U(1)) .
This gives an obstruction to lifting a class inU(1)-cohomology to a flat class in differential K -theory
There are differentials
d2k : Ωev(M)cl → H2k(X ,U(1)) .
Conjecture: For M admitting Spinc -structure, we have
d2k(ω) = n2k
[A(M) ∧ ec1/2 ∧ ω
]2k
,
where n2k is an integer related to solving Steenrod’s problem forrepresentability of a cycle c : ∆2k → M by a smooth manifold.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 106: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
Theorem (Grady, Sati)
The differential on the E3-page of the spectral sequence is given by
d3 = Sq3
: Hp(M;U(1))→ Hp+3(M;U(1)) .
This gives an obstruction to lifting a class inU(1)-cohomology to a flat class in differential K -theory
There are differentials
d2k : Ωev(M)cl → H2k(X ,U(1)) .
Conjecture: For M admitting Spinc -structure, we have
d2k(ω) = n2k
[A(M) ∧ ec1/2 ∧ ω
]2k
,
where n2k is an integer related to solving Steenrod’s problem forrepresentability of a cycle c : ∆2k → M by a smooth manifold.
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications
![Page 107: Differential cohomology and applications · Roughly, a di erential cohomology theory ^hn is a geometric re nement of a cohomology theory hn. ^hn detects re ned geometric information](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f6ffaee4a1e776eb52edc66/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
Thank you!
Daniel Grady NYU Abu Dhabi
Differential cohomology and applications