Differences in traffic judgments between young and old adult pedestrians Professor: Liu Student:...
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Transcript of Differences in traffic judgments between young and old adult pedestrians Professor: Liu Student:...
Differences in traffic judgments between young and old adult pedestrians
Professor: Liu
Student: Ruby
Motive & Purpose
• Motive– Older pedestrians’ crashes has a high
percentage than young pedestrians’.
• Purpose– The authors want to know the behavior between
younger and older pedestrians.
Reference
Authors Year Result
Alexander et al.Sheppard and Pattinson
19901986
Older pedestrians have a higher risk when they crossing the road than younger pedestrians.
Fildes et al. 1994 Pedestrians accounted for 19% dead and almost have 30% are older people (>65 years old).
Stelmach and NahomTrigs et al.
19921994
The older people’s perceptual, sensory and cognitive are reduced.
“Blackspot” Accident Analysis
• ‘Blackspots’ – Road sites which show high crash records.
– 4 crashes within a midblock section of 1 km, or six pedestrian crashes within 1 km in a local traffic area within a 3-year period is a ‘blackspot’ area.
Method
• Duration– 1987-mid-1995
• Total accident– 52
• Pedestrian– 19 older pedestrians (65 years old)– 33 younger pedestrians
Road location
• The older pedestrians are lacking of consideration for traffic in the far-side lane.
• Maybe we can say that higher crash rates in the far-side lane because the older pedestrians walk slowly.
First test• Location: shopping centers on arterial roads in
Melbourne.
• Set up two video cameras to observe the people who across the roads.
• 80 older and 80 younger pedestrians.
• 10 A.M and 1 P.M. on weekdays.
Results- Kerb delay • Kerb delay
– The duration in the back of the last car passed a waiting pedestrian to the first step forward onto the roadway.
• There was a significant difference between groups for kerb delay.
Results- Gap acceptance
• Gap acceptance– The distance of a near-side oncoming car from a
pedestrian at the first step forward to cross the road.
• The younger pedestrians significant shorter gaps than older pedestrians.
Results- Time-of-arrival of car and pedestrian crossing times
• Time-of-arrival of car and pedestrian crossing times– The closest near-side car were calculated from
the time when a pedestrian took the first step forward to cross at the time when the vehicle reached the crossing point.
Results- Crossing styles• Crossing styles
– The crossing times and the traffic distribution during the road cross fro all pedestrians in each groups.
• Non-interactive who adopted an ‘extra safe’.• Interactive crossers who adopted a less safe
strategy.– Near-side traffic– Far-side traffic– Both direction of traffic
Discussion
• The older pedestrians took longer to leave the kerb after a car passed their line of crossing.
• Older people behave in a less safe than younger adults when making judgments on gaps in the traffic.
• Many older people may have difficulties judging the nearness of a car when stepping off the kerb.
Discussion
• In a complex environment of two-way traffic, older people will think two problems, one is the directions of traffic and another is making decisions.
• Some older people will cross the far-side traffic, in this reason they will get crash very often because their walking speed is very slowly.
Second test• Location: shopping centers on arterial roads in
Melbourne.
• Set up two video cameras to observe the people who across the roads.
• 40 older and 40 younger pedestrians.
• In gap acceptance , time-of-arrival and crossing time measures were obtained for 33 younger people and 31 older people.
• 10 A.M and 1 P.M. on weekdays.
Discussion
• The older pedestrians behaved much more like younger and a little different from those in the first study.
• The older people in the first study over compensate than younger people.
General Discussion
• When age increases, the ability to cross the road becomes more difficult.
• The older people difficulties in judging the gaps in traffic.
• Older pedestrians are impaired compared to younger people because they take in less information and are less able to process the information to reach a decision.
General Discussion
• The older people hard to change their attention because their capacity reduce.
• Older people are hard to do the actively selecting or dividing attention between sources of information in order to make the right judgments.