Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics ...
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Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses
1971
Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Differences in the attitudes of church-attending
Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and
practices correlated with age and education practices correlated with age and education
Cletus Michael Kirkpatrick Portland State University
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AN ABSTRACT Of THE THESIS Of Cletus Michael Kirkpatrick for the
Master of Science in Psychology presented May 3 1971
Title Differences in the Attitudes of Church-attending Catholics
toward Changes in Religious Beliefs and Practices Correlated
with Age and Education
APPROVED BY MEMBERS Of THE THESIS COmmITTEE
A field survey was conducted to investigate differences in
attitudee toward religious changes in a population of church-going
Roman Catholics An attitude scale comprising twenty items referring
to changes in the Catholic Church was prepared during pilot studies
Half of the items referred to changes already occurring and half
to proposed or possible future changes The attitude scale was
adminietered to a sample of parishes in the Roman Catholic diocese of
Baker Oregon It was administered during regular Sunday services to
take advantage of the saliency affect of group membership
A responee to an item of the scale indicating the subjects
agreement with the change was operationally defined as a liberal
2
response A response indicating disagreement with change was
considered a conservative response It was hypothesized that churchshy
going Catholics would be more liberal or accepting of changes already
instituted in the Church than they would be of merely possible changes
The results supported this hypothesis
Total scores on the scale were correlated with the age and
education of the respondents The results support the hypothesis that
attitudes toward religious changes covary with age and education much
like other social attitudes as the younger and more educated
respondents showed more liberalism or acceptance of change than did
older and less educated respondents
A detailed analysis of several items shows a wide divergence
between parishoners attitudes and ecclesiastical dogma The results
of the research also indicate that in the population surveyed there
was a great deal of intragroup variation in attitudes toward religious
changes
DIFPUDCU II 1lC ATTI18O OF Qtatm CATItOLICI TOU atbullbull_ II KLIIUUI IILII AID
MAeTlca CGMIUTD WI1M AlE AID EDUCATJ
tIy
CLETUS ICUlL IIIIMTlICK
bull ut 1n ua1 u111~ Ute ~_ oe v at
ltuiand Uft1venlty 1111
bull rIel or IUDUAlt 111
be n t the c-s_ the ___i bull
C1e- Illttaeal Kllkpatl_ 1bullbull- y I 11bull
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TABLE or CONTENTS
AaclOlL[IIiI[ITS middot 111
LIST or TAIL[S
LIST OF ncLlft[s
middot middot
bull bull bull bull
bull bull middot
vll
atAPT[R
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ll111u Attltwdbullbull end General Attltud Rbullbullbullbullrch bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull middot
Soclal Rl1g1ou Atltud middot middot 6
A nd Eduction 1ft Socl1 nd Rlilau Attltud bull bull bull bull middot middot I
G-nl ChanctrlUce or the Pftftt Study bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 12
Sallancy 15
II PROCEDURE bullbullbull bull
-thod -Pal
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bull bull bull
bull bull
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17
Scal eontructloft rl1 Flld Tbullbullt
_thode - Part II middot S_JctpoundlMntA nd tduatlona1 Lvel
bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull
v
QlAPTER PAGE
III RESULTS bull bull bull bull bull 26
Csnsrl Rsult bull 26
Sa Individual It bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 31
IV DISCUSSION AND IIPLICATION5 bull bull bull 38
Canerl Dicusion 38
Discubullbullion or Saa Individual It bull 41
Furthr Rbullbullbullbullrch Pobullbullibiliti bull bull 47
REFERENCES APPtIOIX S2
LIST Of TABLES
TABLE PAGE
I Nuber or Reepondent in Each Age end EdUcational
Group and Group Ian an Attitude Scale bull bull bull bull bull 27
LIST or FlClIIES
fIGURE PAGE
1
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13
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age nd duction
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and i bull ci11y lIPP~opdtbullbullinc HUg10n i l1y conid~d
10
a conaarativa oc1al forc aut thi 1 not ly true and religiau
backing 1 otten g1 to libeNl and rad1cal c_d 01 udl chWlO
It bullbullbull conaldarad of pnctieal nd theoretical intet to dtlII1 if
hatarogenalty 0 ttltuda toward elliou obJact exlted in ordinay
0DnOrtion corying IIlth ag and aducation If 0 thi would
relat ralilau attitud to thobullbull ound In other ar Of nuan 11a
n i thue the nl pua 0 hibullbulltucly to clIPitaU tha
preat crl1bullbull c~a -thln tha ~n Clic Church and data~e
i l1011U attituda do ind vary in ralation to a MCI acIuoaUon
It cana1drecl d bullbulllr~a to hold tha dr 0 raliiaue
ailiation and Uta Ie actor abullbullttlltl _ pbullbulllItl to teat I htl that th i ariatl wi thl -snaU_l popu1aU
Thi 1 accaplihad ~y bullbull1otlng a population or retUlarly churchmiddot
ttandlng Catholic Peopl 0- labal t~lea a Catholic --Ply
baaauaa c1a pau or ~cauaa 0 tradltiGMl aaeealaUo
thll aa11y with the Cathollc Church IUGh aUlatiM eM haldly ~
acceptllCl aa a I_t or tlUlt Church rattl 1 aac-Rc or
Cathollc bal1e and pneUo To 1M IU chaol a ehch l
population cannot takn pr 0 the Ject t or
MIL llut it at l_t ur that lUI 1 are 1ft touch
wi th the c occurring 1ft the Cahl1c Church and hat Utaa e
have _ io OIl ir liv d hence ar 1 u tIt_ at l bullbullt
In aft aanae 0 the te
statiUoaUy lJlllti the populatlon tie chWoh-attandera do
rave or tII vari_l11y that would ~ lUnd it he papulation
1 del a oiU 0 anyone who Oh the lallNtl 0 Catholic lut thibullbullWely 1 not ifttareatad ln rl1iy t attitud_
11
that lie u 11middot lIIIIk 1M
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IIau _11 VII1yent11 al n
__ UM fill bullbullbullbullbull
the of bullbullbull __ a_ _ _VtI u 1a _ _
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aW
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1 bullbull11 _ IIIIB leU (I)
bull tuIIy 1 thU Cdtu_
thtIl ~ 1UaUea _ 1 __ de u_ bull cw (1 lis n_tat_ bull _ ~I
11 bullbull_tIbull N lieU __ t ad_ ia
U _ of the - cathu 1
-al t -u vI -1c1aI
t I bullbull 111 Itt cau poundMacIft lleDt tItle
~ d t h1e a1_
16
-- 1 __ lIeUa tha bullbullbullbullbull will lie
ale __ _ ____
Iel and 1~eto (1965) elM PDIt that Ute gnup lp
or the ilMnt Mould be ken lA_ 1ft _~tude ah
They ehawed tha JMta ~ to lawft ~ bullbullPI bull
(bullbulltal deairab111ty) and L (Ua) _1_ heR ttlbullbullI1-nt_ a
cauouc 1t traquo MAtIld ~lt bullbull IMotOh then he
la Accen1ng It thia tudy - adaln1aU 0 h tna~t
by a 11_t -ould both helIt iM thbullbullaUaldl1ty h
8IIIt CllDUiINt______in U u_ IIh1I1
CMAmlll
I Il1MODI - HIT 1
ml f It shyThe ~ 11 aU lie ounlRM 1
~ bullbull ___ ~ 1 -la 1ft the pu 111 nMlv _ Me
tutu bullu _ an1 will he
at h _ Al1_ Ml (1161) __ tn
u lilt nUU __ 1_ bull
a1 _ uu u - _v - - The pUM n bullbullbull _ PllMI11
s- 1 __ 1eWM _we ca
wI Uu_ _
at bullbullbullbullbullbull
lle bullbullbullntt bullbull W leW bull _ _ _
1___Uwa1 bullbullbullbullbullbull 1 he 1eahtaJ Uta __~
-Uuel bullbull_1 1 All 1 bull
111bullbull1 an MIa In ie
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1ft to W
_ t at u_ _ at u
11
mal tN _a AU tile
1 1ft thla e bull u bullt - tba or the
u __ fit 1Mt At Ut U the lUI t JuI n - hit dl__ ( lN1) 1111_
tnIlllllllJe _ alAe _tIl tWI 1ft dIdIIt
Ill 1 hi
W m they fit _t ~
u-au_ TN_ _ 101
I 1INUMd ampb _Ill II pel _U
_111 ~_ -1 _ In
he u- __ 1 ampII
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- aa he
1 bPl _ u
lftIIIII fA ple
V cal __ - tutu 01
1IIdamp rtan tie bullbull or CltNl_ 1ft
bullbullbullbullM MUM --_
It _ bullbullbullbullbull ta _ 1Ile ull 1111
_til the 1 11 1ft eteh
U tMIlftIII Illcuit 81th
IIltly U lhatl bull ___ IIJ he r
I bull
a hen tid u tNnr
1- - dun __ _
-
Cathllll or al 1tIheIt 11 II -r shy_111M lap _ne
Oft hi 1 _1M _
1M 18 - _t __ lI1ruu
IIlll-Mlr nNaU h Md _ bullbullbull round to be _
(eo ~ ta _ NUl) eh
bull -Ill - - - r --t thin 1- 1111 rtl1 r he _
to 0 wil Nt U uat11
_ Ie ~ th_ hln _ _ u-I tdth bull WhIt to ttl l _ iii
1Ml 1 Chunh 18tV111 hbullbullbull_ All he 1_ eleaed -s Iftla In V h cU eW
Oft bull - II1Iu1al r
bullUIIy or -- 1_ (1 3 I _ 20T I lI 1bullbull 16 17 II
I nrua) ntUhIIII u bIlinl ~ - CUMll
Chunh The IIhu (It 1 It 6bullbullt 10 U U II I)
to ttl I bullbull tal cell
Chi_ hi 1-middot plaeed -l8JIea w tbu
10
_ - tiN
11bullbull1 a _ _ _- n () -1 tie _ bull 11
______hi bullbullbullbullbull _hi all__ JaI bull
_ nt (au tNII C
__ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullat _ taIIlil
I eu nbullbull Ml ___
a - Ilut - _ tMN JM1 _ and
-1 til ~ - bull I shy
abullbull IIM UIIt til h
rbullbull bullbull IIbullbull
I ___ 1II1et WIIl _ it_ -l nI
IIu 11 III - tN 11
_ al W I ilia Nt SIal M
ltI -d 1D Ud at au _
-111 s UIuIl _ lie autleWl 1M MUM
bull bullbullbull 1_ - _
_ at AU 1ft 1 of -
U _ ~ _tal petntSamp1 _
_ W ~bullbulld plPi_ in
tN Nel fit ~ he caubullbull n bullbullbull11 the 1M th _
t21 L ~ fMM - w_ fit (1) bullbullau _
21
itbout chng to p~t good dicrilnatlon alone the liberalshy
conervativ continuua ror pl In the rea or clrical dieiplinbull
ny Catholic ar eoncrnd with the prbullbullbullnt harta9 or clr9Y In
Catholic prih Thi uaually ratbullbullbull the quatian at clarical
clibcy Three it (2 11 and 15) perltt the rbullbullpondant to
diacrilnate bull 11ttle In 111 attitude toward hi tutUI ching Ite
11 bullbullrly ak it the chang to rrid clrlY 1bullbullIreable to the
rbullbullpendant It 2 bullbullk ir bull r bullbullpondnt thinka thi chang would rbullbullu1t
in lood bullbullrvic to peepl It 15 ineerpotbullbull the bullbullt rrquant
oent in the rirt two pilot tudibullbull whioh iapUbullbull tht thi chang
to nld clrgy llight raul t in battr bullbullrvic baerried
clrgy would hv bttr inaight into rly lir It i rbl to
ua tht bull preon ight ccapt bull chang to bull nid olrlY van
though bdobullbull not rbullbullbullbullbull it bullbull rbullbullu1ting in _d or bttr bullbullrvic but
bullbullrly beubullbull h d It noy to the bullbullitanc or the Churoh bullbull
h k it Hbullbullilht 10 think _nid clrgy auld 11v bttbullbull
bullbullbullvic or llight nat H could 10 think bullbullrried clrgy would liv
ltettr bullbullrvio but prrr the clibat olrlY h hebull awn cautDaad to
Thue 11 thr it hlp dicrillit bullbull r~ntmiddotbullbullttitud taad
thi chantbullbull
Th caaaant or dir r antbullbull180 indicted _ canebullbulln
over the poalUon cr woan in the Chuch T_ itbullbull tap thibullbull1bullbull cr
change It 1 chck the pandentmiddot tUtude to_rd bull intbullbulll
paUcipaUon by _en in worhlp nd it 15 chck hibullbulltUtUde toward
bull rl clrgy
It 16 and 18 both chok the bullbullbullpendant attitude t 1d the
ua_ of uthorlty in the Churoh Itaa 9 10 and 12 are all concrned
22
wi In hip U_ in he ChINh 1- 4 If 14
en bull __ _th he 1IffId1dU_ r the _ 111
Ute w ubullbullr u Ctweh all ani u hM
_ tile da 11bull CetMllM
th- tit~ _tdtIen W bull -Ia _
_ 1ft CNIlJ Ua ha en a _ I he
CltNIUL
f1M1 n lfI 1M Thl lnal _all _ leld Me lay -1At 11_ to 6U Calhal1M
~ vial 1A _1 parllh in I -n aagon au
DOIIPlated U 111 the allot tJu __1tIg tohl
II1ddla or tttl 111bullbull and _ __ -kad for a
~rr or tl rtlilU1ta
A epllt-halr nllelAlUbullbullaJG1ant Gtd tor the de
obtaineG nil heM tiO ta and _ tllUftd to be A co~relaU_
an thl uwn and t hal the 1Dampl __MIt
_ampI ou_ t bl ill
II IETMIDI NIT 11
Th Catall adahop ~I 1 tact
_1_ ta thl ftMa to any ar $tsa palJt 0 hI ____
the Itudy The filioo_ t lMIIJcI _ 0 catam 0
-J bull t 32 auINRlta _ parun ar he pa-__ Ira _U
1- than 20 tU ut ttbullbull fa bull la1 peJah_ and the
lan1 deAlcted that bull tnUfia_Una lan would orbullbull
23
bettr bull 1 or the population Th parihs wer dlvided into thr
group (1 - 200 rtltbullbull 201 - 00 r-111bullbull and 401 - 600 raillbullbull )
Dna parih each rroa the two larger group and our aall pariaha wr
randoaly bullbulllactad a the pl or par1h to bbullbullurv~ad Thue tha
ubJect contitut a randaa stretirid ple or the church-going
population or the R Catholic D10c of BIIcr Sinc thre 1 only
one Catholic paih in the bullbull1 town and ciUbullbull or E_tern OnIOn all
church10ing Catholic or th1 ara ar OlOad to worhip together thus
abullbulluring the bullbuller1llntr t t the vadablbullbull or 1Ig and ducation will
b rairly rprntativ or the entir Catholic population or the ar
The experientr a Cathol1c pribullbullt orrioiated at the regular
Sunday erv1cbullbull or the padshbullbull included in the ple During the tibullbull
in tha service regularly devoted to a eran he aked the u~r to pa
out copis or the attitude acale and pencil to bar or the
congregation Arter thbullbullbull -d been distributed the Eucpedantar read
the introductory paragraph or the quUonnair to the congregation H
requeted thelr cooplation in coapltiO the it and orr8led to
anwer any quetion when the elvice over Tanty ainut war
allotad to the subject ror coaplation of ttle attitude cal The
bullbullrvice _ concluded in the usual annel and the ePerinter anred
any quetion that c up
A and EdypaUal Lbullbulll bull
for the purpo anal ying the data or the tudy the ubJectbull
bullbullre dividd into thrbullbull aoe IIOUP and rour ducation 11OUP thus
living a _trix 0 t_lv call The age IIOUPbullbullbullr (1) Jct
24
btn IS-30 yar 0 ao (2) eubJaot btn 31-50 yar (3)
ubJct 51 yn 0 or oldr Thi dlvllon baed uan bullbullvnI
conidration ThbullbullubJeot in the irt ege group have lived aot or
thair livbullbull in a changing Catholic Church It i bullbull~acted that they
will be Muoh more accpting 0 change then the other groupbullbullince changa
1 1bullbullbull unuual to th Tha ubJact In the bullbullcand group havs pant
01 or their live in bull Church that did little changing end hence are
expected to b 1bullbullbull accepting Dr chang The third group Ul hava
pnt Much ora t1bullbull than ither 0 tha other group in an unchanging
rligiou atbullbullpher It i bullbull~ected that thy wiU b the t
conervativ group
The division 0 ducation into our lvelbullbullbullbullbullbulld the 8Ot
p~tical ro tha tandpoint at the gneral population to bbullbullurvayd
Gradbullbullchool high chaol __ ooUaobullbull Md a caplatad tour yaar
oollg education bullbullra oanaidred tha aibullbullt diviion to k in our
population aina they ak undratandable diviiona 01 the rapandania
lind each lavl oanUtutbullbull an appreciabl aducational dierenca Ya
at chool caplstad thue conatitutesour oparational dtinitian or
education
III PREOICTIONS
In the lioht 0 tha previous diacu ion and tha r bullbullult at tha
pilot tucUbullbull the allowing pred1ctiona bullbullre _dbullbull
1 Scarbullbull an the prbullbullant hal a the acale will b highr than
acorbullbull on the utuw halt Thi prdiction t bullbullted ith a tet
ror correlated data
2 Younger Catholic bullbullUl tend to be 01 liberal or accepting
25
tit _ A rtAun MIl ttl caul
latlaa _ ~ toe teet 1 ypo
J eav11bullbullbull111 Ie -_ r _
to u will with 1_ renal A _rn1eUon _
t w hy~bullbull
DtAPTII 111
TIIIIIle 1 vee the __ bull bullhe tUIIa Mample
bull bullbull1 lPtti A tnIl
lQM hi aW- II lO1S
_ ubullbullIe n leta _ bull
TM _ _ the -1 21
to iIIplrl _ the ~ _ bullbull _- p1Me
NI ten h
TIIIJ1e 1 v t 14 iD tile bull AVi tnI UlnaIbullbulldbullbull
aIl TNwe a I
hiIhl ~ tie Thi moa - cauu u ~
__u VIan U Ie The
bull _ MI a lea _
u- tee __ tqb
TM _ 1A TIIIIla 1 II at t _ u Uta _ 1M U ten_
- -
27
TAamppound J
bullbullEI or II POt DUCATl IIOUP
IIAI bull ntl anl1l8r 8CampI
Old ~ (a bull raquoa)(ft bull 113) (bullbull m)
middot ~~--~~~ - r---~~~ 2-l i I
~ i ~ ~ I )~--middot~---iimiddotmiddot---~~~middot~_~_~middotn i
I j II UI I bull III I n 11- i bull 124 I bull 111bull bull 84 I
~ 1
_-------middot4---middotmiddotmiddot_middot+------1
~ bull-1 n
bull bull 111 bull bull 116bull 10
-bull bull 121
1
(n bull UI)
shy
1
(a bull 3-)
cu (bullbull 2U)
bull mmiddot CoU
(a bull 17)
In fig 1 the mean IIOOfeamp or eech educUonal grC1lp 18 plotld
c)gd not dye Lowr scures middotIe indio gtl1vn of conE1rvatislII 8nll h bull gher
soor~s of 11b8ld eta Of groilolr cceptfnc1 of ot) nge Hmiddot~ d t et(JW b
tlf900 tOWfO mo EG libel 1 tti tUt19sin youngt respondentG 19
mi((UfII-gIH t~iQr 9croo1 gredudtas were just eligrtly more LblSral t n
tc younger ligl school QridIJt~S The corrsltion btlDaan 8core8 on
tilm dtitude 8cle finc -g9 was 51 Ulhich is atntist~cll) signifLclnt
t ttlpound bull 11 lsvsl TrG corrailttion between accres on tre attitud~3 scel~
1)nd age wlth educaration prtialled aut was 36 TNa younglill pelOjlla sro
SEHn to bs signlficanU) more accepting 01 change ttln older people
In fig 1 tt-a tH8n COrliS or each gloup ale plott td Il9Ilnet
th~ four Qduc~1tionEll 18113 Thli trend toward l1Il rEt liberal attitiJdo6
wi t ncroiJsnr F1iJCation is slimn in thfll graph Tta eorriltloUon butween
scar on tI~ GCelA ana echoicbull tion 118$ bull ti wlch is 8ignifiCtlnt (tt the
Jl lEtllel n~ corrsl~t1on betwgon scor on ttt~ IICel ~nd f4duQtton
lIIitt ugo pltrtiall~d out lIIes 3amp Thue edUcation is e~n to bil
signifiesntly relatQd to aecfgtptftMC8 at cr~ngo more aduc tad rlJsjJondpnts
tanding to ecclpt ctangua molS r9i11dil) th~in lee oducated 0098
Ttfl date Indice ted t~ilt tlere was no CIOfInlEltion bt~ttl1m1n )gc QItd
sducation (I -db) t Impling no overlap 1n the variance aoountilc for
by the two voriablas 80 a multiple R was computed The ~ultiple R
between 8cores on the acale and E)ge and education was bullbulla About 16
of the variance on ttese 8cores is trus predictablo from age and
education
A 1 test using the formula for carrelatad observations I UlliS done
on t9 deta from the future nd present t1Bllles of tg sc-ale T-e
bullbull
29
-~---------=l GJ8d Schaal bull 6 High School 0- __0
S COlla amiddotmiddotmiddota i
4 yra Collage bull ibull
G_ Amiddot 7- 0
bull bull - - 0 JI bullbull bull N
a
laquo
Old 1l1ddla
AGE
riquE 1 Ian acorbullbull on the attitude Bcele or the foul lIducaUone1 lavl plotted againet eg The highsr ths cors on the aeale the are liberal 01 accepting or change are the reapondenta
lJ
Did Jj a dIIle 0 0 Yatal Il- --D
11
bull
1 2 3
poundDUCATIObullbullL~V[LS
1M a bull _ne the ttltwde elbullbullr th thne poupe plt1M11 lwl The hlp Uw _ on the ele the _n 111 01 --URe or h nepond_e
31
1 - oMbullbullbull 36~)l (p lt 111) 1ndl0U auort tor th hypol
that Cthollcbullbullre _rbullbullcoepting or chabullbull alrdy lMt1 tutad than
they 1 of future hypothlzd chang
U lOR IlOllDUAL nos
S ot the 1t_ in the ttltudbullbullcalbullbullr8 ot bullbulldl Intt
btlcauae thf rtl~ot tUtudU r bull IMt iltpartnett in th
Cetllo110 Churgt todey Itbullbull 6 11 13 end 16 hev be n anAlyzlld
IIDrtl ull y than thtt othr And 1 preted 1n th U1 our
fgur to how th ulte In tr d taU ttaaa 6 11 and 13
wre ~ the uture pert 0 the 8cal and it 16 1 the prt
pert 0 th ace1
lba t
f lIUr8 3 the pnta or Meh I Ihel 111 th 1t_
bull (Dlvo-rrr1d Ctho1icbullbullhou1d b p~tted to raciv the
bullbullonu illy C-uon van though thlr bullbullaond urlbullbullbull
1 inval1d according to na~al tndard) Ovral 61 ot the
r bullbullpond t bullbullbullreed that 01 involved ln invalld 111hould
bbullbull11_0 to rbullbulliv the aat rlgur 3 that ln ach
group at l t ~a~ ot the repond ahaI thl preibullbulliv attltudbullbull
In the youngr ana _1 educatd lrouP _lIIOt 7b~ or ttl raepondant bull
bull xpl dlt with pnnt polley Svnty-toUl IGent or th
rnat wlth a 0011 eduoat1an agreed to bull changbullbullbull d1d 68)11 0 th r8apondant undr thirty y or bullbullbullbull
32
Old Yaung
I~-- -gt- bullbullbull
56~ 5~
- 1
7t~ ~ ~
f
_IDIUJ fiayenr 3 Thl pen_tag 1n ROh II 1-inI _th It 6 J_ 6 Dlvolc- llbd Catha110bull bull haul It t Icl n aact ( otal1r -Uftlon) bull theulh nll bullbull cencI_1 1 bull lavU aoollldl to --
Gbullbull SohaDl
Call
33
DIIl1 rl 4 vee theu1t 0 the VllY itbull U (PII
ehould _t U ta _fty) OvU 57j or the ehUloh
Cthollbullbull 1ft 1 bullbulltud) Ind1oat that th dl with the Cethol1
ChulGhf poUe) 0 bullbull1J_ 0 h al St __ 0 th IIhUlGh _th bull 1tecI DOn aU_ 111 w1~
t pall SJn 1M 0 h young - dl
with t polla) ~ the yaur Cathctll0 wih bull DOll
eduoatlon ~ dlred wlh th 01011 polle
Hau (leuI 5 tivu Ue peentege 1ft -h tIlI wUh
It_ 13 (__ t VI all__ 0 I bullbullU) A t
mt dl wlth hi U 1 eu t be yl that h would
1n evo 0 heving _1 aly Jn the Cthta1la Chunn uno to 81_
wlth th Ita bullbull p 1 to vo the prt peltAl i al
th data thet the bullbullt _Jult 0 to accept prlbullbull at hI U OwaU 16 C d with the
lOhl~ltlon 0 1 al) Thl t-wo proan or hdeft with a eoU eductaU 1I1d with he plOhUalUan 0 _11ft pl bullbull
EducaUan bull- to IIbullbull Ill to In eooep 0 __ pllbullbull
heft
ll a (1 6 V hlta D th MI_ on 1- 11 (To a
catholl0 It 1 ft to ta1n an ye 0 U elel nh
cantHI dvlo end the W th aontnl pill) Th data h at
34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
- Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and practices correlated with age and education
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AN ABSTRACT Of THE THESIS Of Cletus Michael Kirkpatrick for the
Master of Science in Psychology presented May 3 1971
Title Differences in the Attitudes of Church-attending Catholics
toward Changes in Religious Beliefs and Practices Correlated
with Age and Education
APPROVED BY MEMBERS Of THE THESIS COmmITTEE
A field survey was conducted to investigate differences in
attitudee toward religious changes in a population of church-going
Roman Catholics An attitude scale comprising twenty items referring
to changes in the Catholic Church was prepared during pilot studies
Half of the items referred to changes already occurring and half
to proposed or possible future changes The attitude scale was
adminietered to a sample of parishes in the Roman Catholic diocese of
Baker Oregon It was administered during regular Sunday services to
take advantage of the saliency affect of group membership
A responee to an item of the scale indicating the subjects
agreement with the change was operationally defined as a liberal
2
response A response indicating disagreement with change was
considered a conservative response It was hypothesized that churchshy
going Catholics would be more liberal or accepting of changes already
instituted in the Church than they would be of merely possible changes
The results supported this hypothesis
Total scores on the scale were correlated with the age and
education of the respondents The results support the hypothesis that
attitudes toward religious changes covary with age and education much
like other social attitudes as the younger and more educated
respondents showed more liberalism or acceptance of change than did
older and less educated respondents
A detailed analysis of several items shows a wide divergence
between parishoners attitudes and ecclesiastical dogma The results
of the research also indicate that in the population surveyed there
was a great deal of intragroup variation in attitudes toward religious
changes
DIFPUDCU II 1lC ATTI18O OF Qtatm CATItOLICI TOU atbullbull_ II KLIIUUI IILII AID
MAeTlca CGMIUTD WI1M AlE AID EDUCATJ
tIy
CLETUS ICUlL IIIIMTlICK
bull ut 1n ua1 u111~ Ute ~_ oe v at
ltuiand Uft1venlty 1111
bull rIel or IUDUAlt 111
be n t the c-s_ the ___i bull
C1e- Illttaeal Kllkpatl_ 1bullbull- y I 11bull
y S 11
I IIIa ItJR
I _ bull wi u I bullbullbullbullbull 1111
11 at 1
1_ tda aw at til
I ~ bull 1 lIRa 0 aIIMl
lat r Itd _ JII lr UWt1 _ the
111bullbull11 _ h I bullbullbullbull IAi I bullbull _ -
1Itampa or 1- _ bullIU __I
M __ U_ _s _ ~ I
s_
er a 1 u
TABLE or CONTENTS
AaclOlL[IIiI[ITS middot 111
LIST or TAIL[S
LIST OF ncLlft[s
middot middot
bull bull bull bull
bull bull middot
vll
atAPT[R
J IlTftOOUCTIOI bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull middot 1
ll111u Attltwdbullbull end General Attltud Rbullbullbullbullrch bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull middot
Soclal Rl1g1ou Atltud middot middot 6
A nd Eduction 1ft Socl1 nd Rlilau Attltud bull bull bull bull middot middot I
G-nl ChanctrlUce or the Pftftt Study bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 12
Sallancy 15
II PROCEDURE bullbullbull bull
-thod -Pal
bull
I
bull bull bull
bull bull
17
17
Scal eontructloft rl1 Flld Tbullbullt
_thode - Part II middot S_JctpoundlMntA nd tduatlona1 Lvel
bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull
v
QlAPTER PAGE
III RESULTS bull bull bull bull bull 26
Csnsrl Rsult bull 26
Sa Individual It bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 31
IV DISCUSSION AND IIPLICATION5 bull bull bull 38
Canerl Dicusion 38
Discubullbullion or Saa Individual It bull 41
Furthr Rbullbullbullbullrch Pobullbullibiliti bull bull 47
REFERENCES APPtIOIX S2
LIST Of TABLES
TABLE PAGE
I Nuber or Reepondent in Each Age end EdUcational
Group and Group Ian an Attitude Scale bull bull bull bull bull 27
LIST or FlClIIES
fIGURE PAGE
1
2
bull So an the ttl~ eaal or the rou eIItIatlone1 1 bullbullbulll plotd nat Th hilhel the 0 the 8Oal the 1111 0 bull 0cU 0 c 1 the Int bull bull bull bull bull bull
bull eaol_ 8ft the tUtudbullbullaal 0 the thlH lnup plotted _lnat duoaUOMl 1 Th hilhel the eoOI the eaal the _1 111bullbull181 1 colng 0 ohang 1 the Ieepondent bull bull bull bull bull bull
2
middot3
bullbull
Th PIC_tag In eh llOUP 1 wlh itbullbull 6 It_ 6 D1ve~lllad Catholl0 ahauld II peao1tad to eelbullbull thbullbullbulleent (01811) C-n1an) bullbullbull though thleoond _ITI 1 lalld oconll to ftOaal Und Th plo In eaoh IOUII dl_l with It_ 11 It_ 11 P l bullbulltbullbullhauld t all g ~y bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull
32
I Th pn 1ft MOh lroup di_l_l1 wi th It_ 13 It_ 13 I t It all_ad to bec_ l bullbullt bull bull 35
6 Th pen In HOh I d111 with It 16 It 16 To be bull CathoUc l 1 neee) to lft M) 0 MUlel81 b1 th a8ftt~l d10 and the IIllth GontlDl pill 36
ItmlllUCflM
In tIttt middoteWbull _ bullbullbull bullbull1
u _ __
a Itt bullbullW _ 11 __
_ the 1 ton
_ tUmiddot _ aM Je _
_ - ut aamp1 MUt le 1 bull _ _ or th_
lIIIUbullbullbulllate lit 1 101) (Aun lnt)
_to at Itud I __a _tal bull
at to 11 1_ 1 t p2ftt bullbull flW ~_
-tin tt a in tet _t -1Wt __ bullbull__ ttte rat w 1 aftu_ ttl
bull tuel tIuIt de _ bullbullbull1 IalUty _tltllly
Al_1NIh l ~ed ltodbullbullUy bullbullbull 80M _ -
11111_1 Mil 0 rUn the i
11y i Itbull wo UftUl pnt tMN 11
Id u ptibullbull 1_
etu -1_tl 1_
bull albullbullbullbulll t lIeU Irw UtIbull
bullbullbulltlll __ U 111 th
bull WIll_ tU-
1tda w UIIII ln cal __ ttl _
lalU_ at u _ t I I All (1m) Ja _ u -u ~ or t taed
11uaebull dllUI dbull tftflvtrMe
he iMl_JAIlUaltbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull til u e1Uu_ 11th WdOh
It 11 18 bull Knoh tNnald (INa) lft Utat
bull _ 11MaUM r _UU_l --1 1 1M tilt
t lIIIU~ ~1tt lau MIl lteut (lftl) 1111
UuIita iMSVSlbullbullbullbull _ 0 bullbull1
WU_ UQ _ 0- tueu_u_
tWe JIIIIn en stu to Id a
bull _ -ta _ ial ~ bullbullbullbullbullbull tifta bullbulla_
_to 1 ua1e dla1IIIU1ahad an attltuda tJb111h la bull hbull uul _to to
_ bullbull _ a w __ a el III n t _ ~
U 1e lie _ n -i__u at V
1amplJIII (K-a JIIWa ampaU 1n3)
he ~ 111 _
-1 __ atut at
I
11 bullbullbull I fet nbullbull_
II
u -lbullbullbullM r -J wltIlt
elf tda llUtat fila Ie IIIIlI
t_ at tU 1IIVal err 1Ml
JllllaUt lit fit
til u s lie JupUr _ IIOUDM (C aM 1) bull
11 eM bullbullbullbull _Wi ubull alIA fI Ju u a-l_ shy
ilr aM _
-u A _ bullbullbullbull1_ It __ bullbullbull1amp811 wetul ampIt
VltaU MIl lte at
bullbull1_ 1bullbull11
bull IIllAl a (I 111 1110)
1 Ie aW tile
1 ia at I 1_ f1da u 1 nl bullbull
_- til __
0IIIIIlIInalIbullbull MIl s 1ha __ _ _ tie
u _ nbullbull Ia -1_ ubullbull A 11 or nu 9IPbullbullbullbullbull (1amp
CIIIII_ IIIUbullbull lMt) Ia _ __
_deaau __-1M tile
U The ---11bullbull (Iaa tetlllnd lilt) tMt
at tievttlIIp - 1tha1
gaala 1bullbullbullUtudu 1~ 1ft the rarnie 4M1wWual __bull Ttda II ~ u of
__ _ tUw eM _ U of
at Uudee 1 11) tha eft ri 1e
___ iftdlvll ___a at tNt
TIMt _ttude en Uta iMlitIual
1 U ellbull tie the bull of etU 18
1 Ut lMtpl a ana ( 1
15) The _1ft th_ -1 bullbull
aA _ bull -__1tue- u 1
bullbullUw reI thw l
n an 1 ~ Ia lead1lll
U_ A _1 0 a-U- Me
aM _ftllld _t ubullbull 0 la pmubullbull -IY Inall the ea_ I
pp t01 I itt ~
__ by _ ttovlMd hi _n_ ( bull 1M - albullbull
lt53r CaU 1915) at the -JR liN of ttt1
vi Jt 1bullbullt1ault ti oonolta_ the le
-bull bull t 1bullbulltlan t __iII_ VI pnMl_bullbull and
explaMt1_ ft 11 olotJ 0 lD1l1ft1111
1111 bullbull 1 heIa1 r__18a UtI Ift 0 lat
to 1eIII1d
the WId or -111bullbullbullu __ 1 ptIItl_
111 the tude rbullbull 1fIIIk bull III a_ aeo1a1 _au hlJtl-~= 111
_ 1 bull the flbullbullr nJJt1-
_ MU 1au ~ ( 1)
-- aitua __
bullbullbull -r alettbullbull II -lJt1- va bullbullbullbullbull __ Dr u u uuaa1l ~d-eltllale _ 1a 11 -e 1 bullbull11 the ala or u u _lta bullbull_J IIM _la pa___ or __ foaaula bull-__ v ___ bull lIMn tIItlr at _1ftIau aUl I the ar a or u bullbullUll _ft 1l1libull -uu at _ _-1 -1 bull hytHlttt or -l _upI (P 1M)bull
ttl-- _ to
~ Ute _ or ttta tete _ bullbull to J_ hie 1J1IeIt _
_al fJI 1Ih1lta 1An__ tAl
IU v 1aM_ IIUIIIh _ 1111- _all _
1 ~ 1 - bull Ja r _douD 1i1i1_ Iheu1II
bullbullbull__ v_ ta 1 nlJtiauebull t
lWllaa __ un_u U eualr bullbullbull lie
an W ft uuu 1 _Jaw 1
6
It IICIM _ ani
ltw _lal u 111 bull _hibull
1Una n -1 in --
an 11 _Uett __ __tIht_ help in
bull 1 bullbullbull- ll _til la
II) 1 _ wl tit - n toIMJ -lC _
w lad _ u_ 1 alwaUaa
HI __1 _ II aU Ut1e _lt1l -uti- tIM __ Ult
~ (1dI_ al HIO)
A f _ ttlw
bull bullbull11 __ _ bullbull1
_ __ Itl I ttthl bullbull laW
) Ie bullbull -Jitle-
__1 te_ bull til -11tshy
sa re aU 1M n IIAe
u _ IRI y1_ 1 dt
_ u uaa la 1Id
- fit _
_ til at all u 8 _ 1 om - altieal or N _ bullbullbullbull
1a te t u dI ult1thlR
1
Chdau ehunh _1 Ja u III a
1 bullbullbullbull-iftI tU 1M _t-iaUu 1IIel11111-- U_ aN lautt
trr the 11111 1 - n Aibullbull1 I _ aM
___ Ie tit _ ua ~ u pea
_11fbullbullbull bull __ 111 al 111 at bull
auv It 1e aU- _111
~ _ aw (1M2) bullbullad
-1 ~pat 11-_ _ 1ft ill tuIIy
__Ill
1MIebullbull_ wi _ -181 __ ~
Ie - 1IlUtl shy
Ute 1bull a __ I bullbullbull __ at au_ TIlle Itt_ ul us -
ua _ 11111 ur a lipid -_ 1 _ at I ~ 1
1 _ _~ __0 I aM 11bullbull 1ft
_ly Qdha110 a UICt1y 1a Utleal
bull -uu vUt1aJ I 170 _ Ute
or -l U bullbulllee Ud
LE bullbull1_ _ U rabull
bull U-1 1II8llUea1 er ct _
UU_ the _ t _ -urbull the _ -111 tit 1aU_ C1 U _
_ t~ ia bull hiuU
bull
bull Dull (1169) bullbullbull_ - _
_ _ the -l canebullbull - 1IIdel ~ JaIl
Slshy Uv _ cut_
I Ia bullbullbull VI2I1 _W N ___ bullbullPAI II 1IItJ_1 11_ IUln Iot _ the 1 tINt IIbull rat bullt _u-l 4SU bull _ bull bullbullbullbullbullft41 fII ~ bullbullbull1 bull _ill bullbullrlbullbullbull _tAlA hili III 1amp vbulla C _ra _ cu II h tide al ello bullbull bull bullbullbull jteUMI 1etIlM r I - _ul1 ad cttU 1 _ _ lJaI lUAlMll C_ (p 1ft)bull
__ _ fit ff1Au1 Alll
u t _ _ _ _al_
lIa It cttUa _ ~
efl bull cl ttlbull bull u _ fII _ __ It in the Ill CI IDlnR cau _ II __ _ __ ea __ -- 1lIeU WtHU P _ 1 of llllUat Ute III _ tile - _ u u bullbullbullbull1__ u tIIua la of u _ _Ie itt aubull u bull bullbullUb tltSe bullbull w M I11 _ _ el__U rashyt cbullbull)
- t 01 cau or wth ell tIltII tit -tal
u I ___ ampeIl- bullbullbullbullbull bull ft _ _ Ute bullbullbullIal ttI
(ItO) _It_ tit _ r bull u-
_ cata1kl_ r ial MI l _ __
the rena or ur 1tl-1 _
T UftCu_ lflaftUFlU etMlf can atullito -1) tIMlla ttt _Dla _ by ttta 11bull 1M cUrt t 1a DaU ft _atoleMl au_ II bU _tbu athbull a at middotU _ Ubullbullbull 111-1 til I bull-1tva ta hn 1_- t bull aun do __tuft fII Cetttel181aabull _ tlly 0middot the ctftaU Ctt la 1M 1ft bullbull ftde ot ita U1_ fillbull ua n Cabullbulllie Qwnb _ _Ub peUUal JIIln _ Will ___ CeHmiddot _ teI laUMII aybull pl 1 U ashy Ja ur ianbullbullbullIf rau w the ne lob -Uti- I bull oul ala _ uu lewd_ Ie raew De tha btalp Uu Cathell Jtlursu_ t _ __
__ Catllelt8 cma UIceU
ttw_ rabullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull 1Me 1 _
Ie tlOftll Jaftmiddot the at-Ullft ( 101) bull
1lU ca1 a the 11 U IIIIlAIW
ala1ll alUlauF _ _I-a ) 1Ml1Md lWI
III MD dUCATI lit IICIIL AlIt) 1EUtIIbullbull A1fmtlll
a t __ 1 - --Uta- bullbull nlaUaattip t at
_ law_uaa _th nU 1a
ta ~ wiUl It I -JHUve aeoid lie
raquo -It _ MtatRl W _ at __
~ or 11111- leU 1
lIeUs- -- nUt1- - shy
1dta1 bullbull Ue MIl _tal 11
tftalel1ll - F title ___ 111 laWaet w ~_ tile ulllltlbull U_ till _
eU ~t u _ bullbullbullbullt __ _lal
-- -~
_a u _ 1Iut lute aU_ a _ U_
la _ bullbullbullbull181 _deIaIa fa Ute ~ __
Ie aU fit - Uta AU 111 til
u u _ bullm aM _
ampII II UtI
y Ie lNIl-a
wiU _ It 1 _uti 1111)
Cl1 (UII) t __ ta ll I li11
thH 11111 lie middotmiddot1Atl__d to bullbullbullbull tl1a poUUl
11 01_ he II III tIda Ie
bull u bullbullbullbull II c (INI)
tIIebull -J ~
11
tlaat sa iM W II
-a ampttl- JIl eWebull
- 1_ 1 Ja U 11 aItI
pbullbullle de 1 s err _ 1_ ~bullbull 1913)
11debullbull __ bullbullbullbull t bull u at 11 ca lSI)bull
1 (1111) bullbullbullbullbullbull 11_ t -
bullbullbullbulld _ JJItInl Ja nI bull U _ fI 7bulla
t -1 1a W
1lt III8UtI a thbull bullbullbullbullbull_ l Utbullbull la tile
_ ell_ a bull
-1 u aU_ 1 ltIUeillue WIr u- Ja catM1te
CItunIl
Sa d_ eampwlUaau __ lit u 1 lie 81-1 a1 -leu or VI_ bull ill Ul It all
u un _ --_ at peUUea1 aal shy
_ It __bull tun eM W tilbullbullbullbullbull1111
(It11) -- 1At 1
tha _ dl_ h ru~
tel - I bullbullW fit __
u wa pauJa _ It hie _ til
ISbullbull M- IeIIa_ lila
u III _ titbullbull I __ lIIdllen __Us 1M
Uu uftly
n Ie __ t bull ve _taU_
~ Uu Jft _ UIl-- tll_ staa-k
(12) ntlltl-- tU wan tvu at u ft bull _ b (1_) MIl
n ttl II Clatholad u _ bullbull t-- II -u-1 lawIl u_ Uvel
I 1a t tha 0 nllp_ nU
u1 dlffteu1U te A 11 ft th (0_ 1) bullbullu 111 Ie __
briefl til ~ lda flit ___bull leUtlshy
1 na _11bull lite -lUUet r NI1t1_ bull
to dudI dt18u1t ~
(1161) u _DUlti Ita atudl_ w tile bull -l1 _u lIIdr
- tudy ill _tit nil tIel1i the eue__
tlltIII he t IP hi theeI) atItJ1_ liIIDe
tn 1e bull _ CIIthell pleat 11a
_ cathoU___ 11 a teHt ta _ bull
tatuUbullbullshy tl the dbullbulld bull 11_
-tdaI It 1n the __ poundIIhU Ounh hila
13
Th v~iabl 0 age nd duction w~ chobullbulln bullbull th 0 pa~ticulu int~bullbullt Th popultion ra whioh the bullbullpl in the
p~bullbulllIftt tudy i dnwn oonit 0 -11 parthbullbull d bullbulloh paih
contin popl 0 11 age and ductional lvlbullbullinc the~ i only
on p~ih in ach loction Thue th~ i no pobullbullibi1ity 0 peop1
g on duotional 1vl o~ ag lvl wo~hipp1ng and int~acting bullbull
bull bullbullprat ~l1g1au group The popultiDn thu to bbullbull auitabl
on in which to t bullbullt the hypathbullbulli that ligioubullbullttitudbullbull v~y w1th
age nd duction
sbullbullbulltudibullbullbull~ piW only t givn ta Stau~middot (1955)
tudy 0 cCa~thyi_ and r ting~ Rick and Sohchw (156)
tudy 0 ~ligiou c~ii could only b dona t tibullbullbull when the ph_
to b invbullbullt1gtd o~ed t~bullbulllvaa to the ob~v Today tu~o11
ov~ changbullbull in the II Ctho1ic C~ch to o~ thi typo
oppo~tun1ty to the pnt ~bullbullbullbull~ch~ Chang i the tt~ 0 g~t bullbullt
concm in the Catholic Chu~ch t pnt Ctwt will b optionally
dfined ro~ the pu~_ 0 thi invbullbulltigtion bullbull any a1t~1ng or beli
o~ practic aong catholic that ha takn p1c 1n the pbullbullt t ty
ybullbull~ o~ i bullbullted o~ the o~bullbullabl utu~bullbull
Sinc the ch taking plac CDv~ Mfty pha bullbullbull 0 Ctho1ic li
it bullbull conaided pobullbulliIl1 to contNct bullbullcal 0 it ~latd to
thbullbullbull changbullbull and uabullbull p~aanbullbullco~ on thibullbullca1 indicto~
0 hibullbullttitudbullbull t ~ thbullbullbull chang ro~ the pu~pobullbullbull 0 thibullbulltudy
bull 1ib1 w optiona11y dined on who avo~bullbull chang and bull
contrvat1vbullbullbull on who oppobullbullbull chang The 1ib~-conbullbullrvativ
continuUII i otn on wed in rligioubullbullttitud r~ch (Ii 1965)
and i bull ci11y lIPP~opdtbullbullinc HUg10n i l1y conid~d
10
a conaarativa oc1al forc aut thi 1 not ly true and religiau
backing 1 otten g1 to libeNl and rad1cal c_d 01 udl chWlO
It bullbullbull conaldarad of pnctieal nd theoretical intet to dtlII1 if
hatarogenalty 0 ttltuda toward elliou obJact exlted in ordinay
0DnOrtion corying IIlth ag and aducation If 0 thi would
relat ralilau attitud to thobullbull ound In other ar Of nuan 11a
n i thue the nl pua 0 hibullbulltucly to clIPitaU tha
preat crl1bullbull c~a -thln tha ~n Clic Church and data~e
i l1011U attituda do ind vary in ralation to a MCI acIuoaUon
It cana1drecl d bullbulllr~a to hold tha dr 0 raliiaue
ailiation and Uta Ie actor abullbullttlltl _ pbullbulllItl to teat I htl that th i ariatl wi thl -snaU_l popu1aU
Thi 1 accaplihad ~y bullbull1otlng a population or retUlarly churchmiddot
ttandlng Catholic Peopl 0- labal t~lea a Catholic --Ply
baaauaa c1a pau or ~cauaa 0 tradltiGMl aaeealaUo
thll aa11y with the Cathollc Church IUGh aUlatiM eM haldly ~
acceptllCl aa a I_t or tlUlt Church rattl 1 aac-Rc or
Cathollc bal1e and pneUo To 1M IU chaol a ehch l
population cannot takn pr 0 the Ject t or
MIL llut it at l_t ur that lUI 1 are 1ft touch
wi th the c occurring 1ft the Cahl1c Church and hat Utaa e
have _ io OIl ir liv d hence ar 1 u tIt_ at l bullbullt
In aft aanae 0 the te
statiUoaUy lJlllti the populatlon tie chWoh-attandera do
rave or tII vari_l11y that would ~ lUnd it he papulation
1 del a oiU 0 anyone who Oh the lallNtl 0 Catholic lut thibullbullWely 1 not ifttareatad ln rl1iy t attitud_
11
that lie u 11middot lIIIIk 1M
th4I It _ 1t1a M
IIau _11 VII1yent11 al n
__ UM fill bullbullbullbullbull
the of bullbullbull __ a_ _ _VtI u 1a _ _
_ catMUe JU1l1 till _ t_
aW
I MLlIICf
uu ta tuIIy abe r_ fit
at _II bull lell Ill It e
_u leila (1_)bull
bull Ii bullbullbullbull -- e __ IIUl 1bullbulltI iAtt bullbullbull __ (II Ia) ruu I Ill bullbullbull JMiwitlual _1 IdbullbullIt _ (p_
bull tud1 ell _ fill
1 bullbull11 _ IIIIB leU (I)
bull tuIIy 1 thU Cdtu_
thtIl ~ 1UaUea _ 1 __ de u_ bull cw (1 lis n_tat_ bull _ ~I
11 bullbull_tIbull N lieU __ t ad_ ia
U _ of the - cathu 1
-al t -u vI -1c1aI
t I bullbull 111 Itt cau poundMacIft lleDt tItle
~ d t h1e a1_
16
-- 1 __ lIeUa tha bullbullbullbullbull will lie
ale __ _ ____
Iel and 1~eto (1965) elM PDIt that Ute gnup lp
or the ilMnt Mould be ken lA_ 1ft _~tude ah
They ehawed tha JMta ~ to lawft ~ bullbullPI bull
(bullbulltal deairab111ty) and L (Ua) _1_ heR ttlbullbullI1-nt_ a
cauouc 1t traquo MAtIld ~lt bullbull IMotOh then he
la Accen1ng It thia tudy - adaln1aU 0 h tna~t
by a 11_t -ould both helIt iM thbullbullaUaldl1ty h
8IIIt CllDUiINt______in U u_ IIh1I1
CMAmlll
I Il1MODI - HIT 1
ml f It shyThe ~ 11 aU lie ounlRM 1
~ bullbull ___ ~ 1 -la 1ft the pu 111 nMlv _ Me
tutu bullu _ an1 will he
at h _ Al1_ Ml (1161) __ tn
u lilt nUU __ 1_ bull
a1 _ uu u - _v - - The pUM n bullbullbull _ PllMI11
s- 1 __ 1eWM _we ca
wI Uu_ _
at bullbullbullbullbullbull
lle bullbullbullntt bullbull W leW bull _ _ _
1___Uwa1 bullbullbullbullbullbull 1 he 1eahtaJ Uta __~
-Uuel bullbull_1 1 All 1 bull
111bullbull1 an MIa In ie
- Catlu cane 1ft U
1ft to W
_ t at u_ _ at u
11
mal tN _a AU tile
1 1ft thla e bull u bullt - tba or the
u __ fit 1Mt At Ut U the lUI t JuI n - hit dl__ ( lN1) 1111_
tnIlllllllJe _ alAe _tIl tWI 1ft dIdIIt
Ill 1 hi
W m they fit _t ~
u-au_ TN_ _ 101
I 1INUMd ampb _Ill II pel _U
_111 ~_ -1 _ In
he u- __ 1 ampII
- A 11_ the - _ 1 11 III _ h
- aa he
1 bPl _ u
lftIIIII fA ple
V cal __ - tutu 01
1IIdamp rtan tie bullbull or CltNl_ 1ft
bullbullbullbullM MUM --_
It _ bullbullbullbullbull ta _ 1Ile ull 1111
_til the 1 11 1ft eteh
U tMIlftIII Illcuit 81th
IIltly U lhatl bull ___ IIJ he r
I bull
a hen tid u tNnr
1- - dun __ _
-
Cathllll or al 1tIheIt 11 II -r shy_111M lap _ne
Oft hi 1 _1M _
1M 18 - _t __ lI1ruu
IIlll-Mlr nNaU h Md _ bullbullbull round to be _
(eo ~ ta _ NUl) eh
bull -Ill - - - r --t thin 1- 1111 rtl1 r he _
to 0 wil Nt U uat11
_ Ie ~ th_ hln _ _ u-I tdth bull WhIt to ttl l _ iii
1Ml 1 Chunh 18tV111 hbullbullbull_ All he 1_ eleaed -s Iftla In V h cU eW
Oft bull - II1Iu1al r
bullUIIy or -- 1_ (1 3 I _ 20T I lI 1bullbull 16 17 II
I nrua) ntUhIIII u bIlinl ~ - CUMll
Chunh The IIhu (It 1 It 6bullbullt 10 U U II I)
to ttl I bullbull tal cell
Chi_ hi 1-middot plaeed -l8JIea w tbu
10
_ - tiN
11bullbull1 a _ _ _- n () -1 tie _ bull 11
______hi bullbullbullbullbull _hi all__ JaI bull
_ nt (au tNII C
__ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullat _ taIIlil
I eu nbullbull Ml ___
a - Ilut - _ tMN JM1 _ and
-1 til ~ - bull I shy
abullbull IIM UIIt til h
rbullbull bullbull IIbullbull
I ___ 1II1et WIIl _ it_ -l nI
IIu 11 III - tN 11
_ al W I ilia Nt SIal M
ltI -d 1D Ud at au _
-111 s UIuIl _ lie autleWl 1M MUM
bull bullbullbull 1_ - _
_ at AU 1ft 1 of -
U _ ~ _tal petntSamp1 _
_ W ~bullbulld plPi_ in
tN Nel fit ~ he caubullbull n bullbullbull11 the 1M th _
t21 L ~ fMM - w_ fit (1) bullbullau _
21
itbout chng to p~t good dicrilnatlon alone the liberalshy
conervativ continuua ror pl In the rea or clrical dieiplinbull
ny Catholic ar eoncrnd with the prbullbullbullnt harta9 or clr9Y In
Catholic prih Thi uaually ratbullbullbull the quatian at clarical
clibcy Three it (2 11 and 15) perltt the rbullbullpondant to
diacrilnate bull 11ttle In 111 attitude toward hi tutUI ching Ite
11 bullbullrly ak it the chang to rrid clrlY 1bullbullIreable to the
rbullbullpendant It 2 bullbullk ir bull r bullbullpondnt thinka thi chang would rbullbullu1t
in lood bullbullrvic to peepl It 15 ineerpotbullbull the bullbullt rrquant
oent in the rirt two pilot tudibullbull whioh iapUbullbull tht thi chang
to nld clrgy llight raul t in battr bullbullrvic baerried
clrgy would hv bttr inaight into rly lir It i rbl to
ua tht bull preon ight ccapt bull chang to bull nid olrlY van
though bdobullbull not rbullbullbullbullbull it bullbull rbullbullu1ting in _d or bttr bullbullrvic but
bullbullrly beubullbull h d It noy to the bullbullitanc or the Churoh bullbull
h k it Hbullbullilht 10 think _nid clrgy auld 11v bttbullbull
bullbullbullvic or llight nat H could 10 think bullbullrried clrgy would liv
ltettr bullbullrvio but prrr the clibat olrlY h hebull awn cautDaad to
Thue 11 thr it hlp dicrillit bullbull r~ntmiddotbullbullttitud taad
thi chantbullbull
Th caaaant or dir r antbullbull180 indicted _ canebullbulln
over the poalUon cr woan in the Chuch T_ itbullbull tap thibullbull1bullbull cr
change It 1 chck the pandentmiddot tUtude to_rd bull intbullbulll
paUcipaUon by _en in worhlp nd it 15 chck hibullbulltUtUde toward
bull rl clrgy
It 16 and 18 both chok the bullbullbullpendant attitude t 1d the
ua_ of uthorlty in the Churoh Itaa 9 10 and 12 are all concrned
22
wi In hip U_ in he ChINh 1- 4 If 14
en bull __ _th he 1IffId1dU_ r the _ 111
Ute w ubullbullr u Ctweh all ani u hM
_ tile da 11bull CetMllM
th- tit~ _tdtIen W bull -Ia _
_ 1ft CNIlJ Ua ha en a _ I he
CltNIUL
f1M1 n lfI 1M Thl lnal _all _ leld Me lay -1At 11_ to 6U Calhal1M
~ vial 1A _1 parllh in I -n aagon au
DOIIPlated U 111 the allot tJu __1tIg tohl
II1ddla or tttl 111bullbull and _ __ -kad for a
~rr or tl rtlilU1ta
A epllt-halr nllelAlUbullbullaJG1ant Gtd tor the de
obtaineG nil heM tiO ta and _ tllUftd to be A co~relaU_
an thl uwn and t hal the 1Dampl __MIt
_ampI ou_ t bl ill
II IETMIDI NIT 11
Th Catall adahop ~I 1 tact
_1_ ta thl ftMa to any ar $tsa palJt 0 hI ____
the Itudy The filioo_ t lMIIJcI _ 0 catam 0
-J bull t 32 auINRlta _ parun ar he pa-__ Ira _U
1- than 20 tU ut ttbullbull fa bull la1 peJah_ and the
lan1 deAlcted that bull tnUfia_Una lan would orbullbull
23
bettr bull 1 or the population Th parihs wer dlvided into thr
group (1 - 200 rtltbullbull 201 - 00 r-111bullbull and 401 - 600 raillbullbull )
Dna parih each rroa the two larger group and our aall pariaha wr
randoaly bullbulllactad a the pl or par1h to bbullbullurv~ad Thue tha
ubJect contitut a randaa stretirid ple or the church-going
population or the R Catholic D10c of BIIcr Sinc thre 1 only
one Catholic paih in the bullbull1 town and ciUbullbull or E_tern OnIOn all
church10ing Catholic or th1 ara ar OlOad to worhip together thus
abullbulluring the bullbuller1llntr t t the vadablbullbull or 1Ig and ducation will
b rairly rprntativ or the entir Catholic population or the ar
The experientr a Cathol1c pribullbullt orrioiated at the regular
Sunday erv1cbullbull or the padshbullbull included in the ple During the tibullbull
in tha service regularly devoted to a eran he aked the u~r to pa
out copis or the attitude acale and pencil to bar or the
congregation Arter thbullbullbull -d been distributed the Eucpedantar read
the introductory paragraph or the quUonnair to the congregation H
requeted thelr cooplation in coapltiO the it and orr8led to
anwer any quetion when the elvice over Tanty ainut war
allotad to the subject ror coaplation of ttle attitude cal The
bullbullrvice _ concluded in the usual annel and the ePerinter anred
any quetion that c up
A and EdypaUal Lbullbulll bull
for the purpo anal ying the data or the tudy the ubJectbull
bullbullre dividd into thrbullbull aoe IIOUP and rour ducation 11OUP thus
living a _trix 0 t_lv call The age IIOUPbullbullbullr (1) Jct
24
btn IS-30 yar 0 ao (2) eubJaot btn 31-50 yar (3)
ubJct 51 yn 0 or oldr Thi dlvllon baed uan bullbullvnI
conidration ThbullbullubJeot in the irt ege group have lived aot or
thair livbullbull in a changing Catholic Church It i bullbull~acted that they
will be Muoh more accpting 0 change then the other groupbullbullince changa
1 1bullbullbull unuual to th Tha ubJact In the bullbullcand group havs pant
01 or their live in bull Church that did little changing end hence are
expected to b 1bullbullbull accepting Dr chang The third group Ul hava
pnt Much ora t1bullbull than ither 0 tha other group in an unchanging
rligiou atbullbullpher It i bullbull~ected that thy wiU b the t
conervativ group
The division 0 ducation into our lvelbullbullbullbullbullbulld the 8Ot
p~tical ro tha tandpoint at the gneral population to bbullbullurvayd
Gradbullbullchool high chaol __ ooUaobullbull Md a caplatad tour yaar
oollg education bullbullra oanaidred tha aibullbullt diviion to k in our
population aina they ak undratandable diviiona 01 the rapandania
lind each lavl oanUtutbullbull an appreciabl aducational dierenca Ya
at chool caplstad thue conatitutesour oparational dtinitian or
education
III PREOICTIONS
In the lioht 0 tha previous diacu ion and tha r bullbullult at tha
pilot tucUbullbull the allowing pred1ctiona bullbullre _dbullbull
1 Scarbullbull an the prbullbullant hal a the acale will b highr than
acorbullbull on the utuw halt Thi prdiction t bullbullted ith a tet
ror correlated data
2 Younger Catholic bullbullUl tend to be 01 liberal or accepting
25
tit _ A rtAun MIl ttl caul
latlaa _ ~ toe teet 1 ypo
J eav11bullbullbull111 Ie -_ r _
to u will with 1_ renal A _rn1eUon _
t w hy~bullbull
DtAPTII 111
TIIIIIle 1 vee the __ bull bullhe tUIIa Mample
bull bullbull1 lPtti A tnIl
lQM hi aW- II lO1S
_ ubullbullIe n leta _ bull
TM _ _ the -1 21
to iIIplrl _ the ~ _ bullbull _- p1Me
NI ten h
TIIIJ1e 1 v t 14 iD tile bull AVi tnI UlnaIbullbulldbullbull
aIl TNwe a I
hiIhl ~ tie Thi moa - cauu u ~
__u VIan U Ie The
bull _ MI a lea _
u- tee __ tqb
TM _ 1A TIIIIla 1 II at t _ u Uta _ 1M U ten_
- -
27
TAamppound J
bullbullEI or II POt DUCATl IIOUP
IIAI bull ntl anl1l8r 8CampI
Old ~ (a bull raquoa)(ft bull 113) (bullbull m)
middot ~~--~~~ - r---~~~ 2-l i I
~ i ~ ~ I )~--middot~---iimiddotmiddot---~~~middot~_~_~middotn i
I j II UI I bull III I n 11- i bull 124 I bull 111bull bull 84 I
~ 1
_-------middot4---middotmiddotmiddot_middot+------1
~ bull-1 n
bull bull 111 bull bull 116bull 10
-bull bull 121
1
(n bull UI)
shy
1
(a bull 3-)
cu (bullbull 2U)
bull mmiddot CoU
(a bull 17)
In fig 1 the mean IIOOfeamp or eech educUonal grC1lp 18 plotld
c)gd not dye Lowr scures middotIe indio gtl1vn of conE1rvatislII 8nll h bull gher
soor~s of 11b8ld eta Of groilolr cceptfnc1 of ot) nge Hmiddot~ d t et(JW b
tlf900 tOWfO mo EG libel 1 tti tUt19sin youngt respondentG 19
mi((UfII-gIH t~iQr 9croo1 gredudtas were just eligrtly more LblSral t n
tc younger ligl school QridIJt~S The corrsltion btlDaan 8core8 on
tilm dtitude 8cle finc -g9 was 51 Ulhich is atntist~cll) signifLclnt
t ttlpound bull 11 lsvsl TrG corrailttion between accres on tre attitud~3 scel~
1)nd age wlth educaration prtialled aut was 36 TNa younglill pelOjlla sro
SEHn to bs signlficanU) more accepting 01 change ttln older people
In fig 1 tt-a tH8n COrliS or each gloup ale plott td Il9Ilnet
th~ four Qduc~1tionEll 18113 Thli trend toward l1Il rEt liberal attitiJdo6
wi t ncroiJsnr F1iJCation is slimn in thfll graph Tta eorriltloUon butween
scar on tI~ GCelA ana echoicbull tion 118$ bull ti wlch is 8ignifiCtlnt (tt the
Jl lEtllel n~ corrsl~t1on betwgon scor on ttt~ IICel ~nd f4duQtton
lIIitt ugo pltrtiall~d out lIIes 3amp Thue edUcation is e~n to bil
signifiesntly relatQd to aecfgtptftMC8 at cr~ngo more aduc tad rlJsjJondpnts
tanding to ecclpt ctangua molS r9i11dil) th~in lee oducated 0098
Ttfl date Indice ted t~ilt tlere was no CIOfInlEltion bt~ttl1m1n )gc QItd
sducation (I -db) t Impling no overlap 1n the variance aoountilc for
by the two voriablas 80 a multiple R was computed The ~ultiple R
between 8cores on the acale and E)ge and education was bullbulla About 16
of the variance on ttese 8cores is trus predictablo from age and
education
A 1 test using the formula for carrelatad observations I UlliS done
on t9 deta from the future nd present t1Bllles of tg sc-ale T-e
bullbull
29
-~---------=l GJ8d Schaal bull 6 High School 0- __0
S COlla amiddotmiddotmiddota i
4 yra Collage bull ibull
G_ Amiddot 7- 0
bull bull - - 0 JI bullbull bull N
a
laquo
Old 1l1ddla
AGE
riquE 1 Ian acorbullbull on the attitude Bcele or the foul lIducaUone1 lavl plotted againet eg The highsr ths cors on the aeale the are liberal 01 accepting or change are the reapondenta
lJ
Did Jj a dIIle 0 0 Yatal Il- --D
11
bull
1 2 3
poundDUCATIObullbullL~V[LS
1M a bull _ne the ttltwde elbullbullr th thne poupe plt1M11 lwl The hlp Uw _ on the ele the _n 111 01 --URe or h nepond_e
31
1 - oMbullbullbull 36~)l (p lt 111) 1ndl0U auort tor th hypol
that Cthollcbullbullre _rbullbullcoepting or chabullbull alrdy lMt1 tutad than
they 1 of future hypothlzd chang
U lOR IlOllDUAL nos
S ot the 1t_ in the ttltudbullbullcalbullbullr8 ot bullbulldl Intt
btlcauae thf rtl~ot tUtudU r bull IMt iltpartnett in th
Cetllo110 Churgt todey Itbullbull 6 11 13 end 16 hev be n anAlyzlld
IIDrtl ull y than thtt othr And 1 preted 1n th U1 our
fgur to how th ulte In tr d taU ttaaa 6 11 and 13
wre ~ the uture pert 0 the 8cal and it 16 1 the prt
pert 0 th ace1
lba t
f lIUr8 3 the pnta or Meh I Ihel 111 th 1t_
bull (Dlvo-rrr1d Ctho1icbullbullhou1d b p~tted to raciv the
bullbullonu illy C-uon van though thlr bullbullaond urlbullbullbull
1 inval1d according to na~al tndard) Ovral 61 ot the
r bullbullpond t bullbullbullreed that 01 involved ln invalld 111hould
bbullbull11_0 to rbullbulliv the aat rlgur 3 that ln ach
group at l t ~a~ ot the repond ahaI thl preibullbulliv attltudbullbull
In the youngr ana _1 educatd lrouP _lIIOt 7b~ or ttl raepondant bull
bull xpl dlt with pnnt polley Svnty-toUl IGent or th
rnat wlth a 0011 eduoat1an agreed to bull changbullbullbull d1d 68)11 0 th r8apondant undr thirty y or bullbullbullbull
32
Old Yaung
I~-- -gt- bullbullbull
56~ 5~
- 1
7t~ ~ ~
f
_IDIUJ fiayenr 3 Thl pen_tag 1n ROh II 1-inI _th It 6 J_ 6 Dlvolc- llbd Catha110bull bull haul It t Icl n aact ( otal1r -Uftlon) bull theulh nll bullbull cencI_1 1 bull lavU aoollldl to --
Gbullbull SohaDl
Call
33
DIIl1 rl 4 vee theu1t 0 the VllY itbull U (PII
ehould _t U ta _fty) OvU 57j or the ehUloh
Cthollbullbull 1ft 1 bullbulltud) Ind1oat that th dl with the Cethol1
ChulGhf poUe) 0 bullbull1J_ 0 h al St __ 0 th IIhUlGh _th bull 1tecI DOn aU_ 111 w1~
t pall SJn 1M 0 h young - dl
with t polla) ~ the yaur Cathctll0 wih bull DOll
eduoatlon ~ dlred wlh th 01011 polle
Hau (leuI 5 tivu Ue peentege 1ft -h tIlI wUh
It_ 13 (__ t VI all__ 0 I bullbullU) A t
mt dl wlth hi U 1 eu t be yl that h would
1n evo 0 heving _1 aly Jn the Cthta1la Chunn uno to 81_
wlth th Ita bullbull p 1 to vo the prt peltAl i al
th data thet the bullbullt _Jult 0 to accept prlbullbull at hI U OwaU 16 C d with the
lOhl~ltlon 0 1 al) Thl t-wo proan or hdeft with a eoU eductaU 1I1d with he plOhUalUan 0 _11ft pl bullbull
EducaUan bull- to IIbullbull Ill to In eooep 0 __ pllbullbull
heft
ll a (1 6 V hlta D th MI_ on 1- 11 (To a
catholl0 It 1 ft to ta1n an ye 0 U elel nh
cantHI dvlo end the W th aontnl pill) Th data h at
34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
- Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and practices correlated with age and education
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2
response A response indicating disagreement with change was
considered a conservative response It was hypothesized that churchshy
going Catholics would be more liberal or accepting of changes already
instituted in the Church than they would be of merely possible changes
The results supported this hypothesis
Total scores on the scale were correlated with the age and
education of the respondents The results support the hypothesis that
attitudes toward religious changes covary with age and education much
like other social attitudes as the younger and more educated
respondents showed more liberalism or acceptance of change than did
older and less educated respondents
A detailed analysis of several items shows a wide divergence
between parishoners attitudes and ecclesiastical dogma The results
of the research also indicate that in the population surveyed there
was a great deal of intragroup variation in attitudes toward religious
changes
DIFPUDCU II 1lC ATTI18O OF Qtatm CATItOLICI TOU atbullbull_ II KLIIUUI IILII AID
MAeTlca CGMIUTD WI1M AlE AID EDUCATJ
tIy
CLETUS ICUlL IIIIMTlICK
bull ut 1n ua1 u111~ Ute ~_ oe v at
ltuiand Uft1venlty 1111
bull rIel or IUDUAlt 111
be n t the c-s_ the ___i bull
C1e- Illttaeal Kllkpatl_ 1bullbull- y I 11bull
y S 11
I IIIa ItJR
I _ bull wi u I bullbullbullbullbull 1111
11 at 1
1_ tda aw at til
I ~ bull 1 lIRa 0 aIIMl
lat r Itd _ JII lr UWt1 _ the
111bullbull11 _ h I bullbullbullbull IAi I bullbull _ -
1Itampa or 1- _ bullIU __I
M __ U_ _s _ ~ I
s_
er a 1 u
TABLE or CONTENTS
AaclOlL[IIiI[ITS middot 111
LIST or TAIL[S
LIST OF ncLlft[s
middot middot
bull bull bull bull
bull bull middot
vll
atAPT[R
J IlTftOOUCTIOI bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull middot 1
ll111u Attltwdbullbull end General Attltud Rbullbullbullbullrch bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull middot
Soclal Rl1g1ou Atltud middot middot 6
A nd Eduction 1ft Socl1 nd Rlilau Attltud bull bull bull bull middot middot I
G-nl ChanctrlUce or the Pftftt Study bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 12
Sallancy 15
II PROCEDURE bullbullbull bull
-thod -Pal
bull
I
bull bull bull
bull bull
17
17
Scal eontructloft rl1 Flld Tbullbullt
_thode - Part II middot S_JctpoundlMntA nd tduatlona1 Lvel
bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull
v
QlAPTER PAGE
III RESULTS bull bull bull bull bull 26
Csnsrl Rsult bull 26
Sa Individual It bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 31
IV DISCUSSION AND IIPLICATION5 bull bull bull 38
Canerl Dicusion 38
Discubullbullion or Saa Individual It bull 41
Furthr Rbullbullbullbullrch Pobullbullibiliti bull bull 47
REFERENCES APPtIOIX S2
LIST Of TABLES
TABLE PAGE
I Nuber or Reepondent in Each Age end EdUcational
Group and Group Ian an Attitude Scale bull bull bull bull bull 27
LIST or FlClIIES
fIGURE PAGE
1
2
bull So an the ttl~ eaal or the rou eIItIatlone1 1 bullbullbulll plotd nat Th hilhel the 0 the 8Oal the 1111 0 bull 0cU 0 c 1 the Int bull bull bull bull bull bull
bull eaol_ 8ft the tUtudbullbullaal 0 the thlH lnup plotted _lnat duoaUOMl 1 Th hilhel the eoOI the eaal the _1 111bullbull181 1 colng 0 ohang 1 the Ieepondent bull bull bull bull bull bull
2
middot3
bullbull
Th PIC_tag In eh llOUP 1 wlh itbullbull 6 It_ 6 D1ve~lllad Catholl0 ahauld II peao1tad to eelbullbull thbullbullbulleent (01811) C-n1an) bullbullbull though thleoond _ITI 1 lalld oconll to ftOaal Und Th plo In eaoh IOUII dl_l with It_ 11 It_ 11 P l bullbulltbullbullhauld t all g ~y bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull
32
I Th pn 1ft MOh lroup di_l_l1 wi th It_ 13 It_ 13 I t It all_ad to bec_ l bullbullt bull bull 35
6 Th pen In HOh I d111 with It 16 It 16 To be bull CathoUc l 1 neee) to lft M) 0 MUlel81 b1 th a8ftt~l d10 and the IIllth GontlDl pill 36
ItmlllUCflM
In tIttt middoteWbull _ bullbullbull bullbull1
u _ __
a Itt bullbullW _ 11 __
_ the 1 ton
_ tUmiddot _ aM Je _
_ - ut aamp1 MUt le 1 bull _ _ or th_
lIIIUbullbullbulllate lit 1 101) (Aun lnt)
_to at Itud I __a _tal bull
at to 11 1_ 1 t p2ftt bullbull flW ~_
-tin tt a in tet _t -1Wt __ bullbull__ ttte rat w 1 aftu_ ttl
bull tuel tIuIt de _ bullbullbull1 IalUty _tltllly
Al_1NIh l ~ed ltodbullbullUy bullbullbull 80M _ -
11111_1 Mil 0 rUn the i
11y i Itbull wo UftUl pnt tMN 11
Id u ptibullbull 1_
etu -1_tl 1_
bull albullbullbullbulll t lIeU Irw UtIbull
bullbullbulltlll __ U 111 th
bull WIll_ tU-
1tda w UIIII ln cal __ ttl _
lalU_ at u _ t I I All (1m) Ja _ u -u ~ or t taed
11uaebull dllUI dbull tftflvtrMe
he iMl_JAIlUaltbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull til u e1Uu_ 11th WdOh
It 11 18 bull Knoh tNnald (INa) lft Utat
bull _ 11MaUM r _UU_l --1 1 1M tilt
t lIIIU~ ~1tt lau MIl lteut (lftl) 1111
UuIita iMSVSlbullbullbullbull _ 0 bullbull1
WU_ UQ _ 0- tueu_u_
tWe JIIIIn en stu to Id a
bull _ -ta _ ial ~ bullbullbullbullbullbull tifta bullbulla_
_to 1 ua1e dla1IIIU1ahad an attltuda tJb111h la bull hbull uul _to to
_ bullbull _ a w __ a el III n t _ ~
U 1e lie _ n -i__u at V
1amplJIII (K-a JIIWa ampaU 1n3)
he ~ 111 _
-1 __ atut at
I
11 bullbullbull I fet nbullbull_
II
u -lbullbullbullM r -J wltIlt
elf tda llUtat fila Ie IIIIlI
t_ at tU 1IIVal err 1Ml
JllllaUt lit fit
til u s lie JupUr _ IIOUDM (C aM 1) bull
11 eM bullbullbullbull _Wi ubull alIA fI Ju u a-l_ shy
ilr aM _
-u A _ bullbullbullbull1_ It __ bullbullbull1amp811 wetul ampIt
VltaU MIl lte at
bullbull1_ 1bullbull11
bull IIllAl a (I 111 1110)
1 Ie aW tile
1 ia at I 1_ f1da u 1 nl bullbull
_- til __
0IIIIIlIInalIbullbull MIl s 1ha __ _ _ tie
u _ nbullbull Ia -1_ ubullbull A 11 or nu 9IPbullbullbullbullbull (1amp
CIIIII_ IIIUbullbull lMt) Ia _ __
_deaau __-1M tile
U The ---11bullbull (Iaa tetlllnd lilt) tMt
at tievttlIIp - 1tha1
gaala 1bullbullbullUtudu 1~ 1ft the rarnie 4M1wWual __bull Ttda II ~ u of
__ _ tUw eM _ U of
at Uudee 1 11) tha eft ri 1e
___ iftdlvll ___a at tNt
TIMt _ttude en Uta iMlitIual
1 U ellbull tie the bull of etU 18
1 Ut lMtpl a ana ( 1
15) The _1ft th_ -1 bullbull
aA _ bull -__1tue- u 1
bullbullUw reI thw l
n an 1 ~ Ia lead1lll
U_ A _1 0 a-U- Me
aM _ftllld _t ubullbull 0 la pmubullbull -IY Inall the ea_ I
pp t01 I itt ~
__ by _ ttovlMd hi _n_ ( bull 1M - albullbull
lt53r CaU 1915) at the -JR liN of ttt1
vi Jt 1bullbullt1ault ti oonolta_ the le
-bull bull t 1bullbulltlan t __iII_ VI pnMl_bullbull and
explaMt1_ ft 11 olotJ 0 lD1l1ft1111
1111 bullbull 1 heIa1 r__18a UtI Ift 0 lat
to 1eIII1d
the WId or -111bullbullbullu __ 1 ptIItl_
111 the tude rbullbull 1fIIIk bull III a_ aeo1a1 _au hlJtl-~= 111
_ 1 bull the flbullbullr nJJt1-
_ MU 1au ~ ( 1)
-- aitua __
bullbullbull -r alettbullbull II -lJt1- va bullbullbullbullbull __ Dr u u uuaa1l ~d-eltllale _ 1a 11 -e 1 bullbull11 the ala or u u _lta bullbull_J IIM _la pa___ or __ foaaula bull-__ v ___ bull lIMn tIItlr at _1ftIau aUl I the ar a or u bullbullUll _ft 1l1libull -uu at _ _-1 -1 bull hytHlttt or -l _upI (P 1M)bull
ttl-- _ to
~ Ute _ or ttta tete _ bullbull to J_ hie 1J1IeIt _
_al fJI 1Ih1lta 1An__ tAl
IU v 1aM_ IIUIIIh _ 1111- _all _
1 ~ 1 - bull Ja r _douD 1i1i1_ Iheu1II
bullbullbull__ v_ ta 1 nlJtiauebull t
lWllaa __ un_u U eualr bullbullbull lie
an W ft uuu 1 _Jaw 1
6
It IICIM _ ani
ltw _lal u 111 bull _hibull
1Una n -1 in --
an 11 _Uett __ __tIht_ help in
bull 1 bullbullbull- ll _til la
II) 1 _ wl tit - n toIMJ -lC _
w lad _ u_ 1 alwaUaa
HI __1 _ II aU Ut1e _lt1l -uti- tIM __ Ult
~ (1dI_ al HIO)
A f _ ttlw
bull bullbull11 __ _ bullbull1
_ __ Itl I ttthl bullbull laW
) Ie bullbull -Jitle-
__1 te_ bull til -11tshy
sa re aU 1M n IIAe
u _ IRI y1_ 1 dt
_ u uaa la 1Id
- fit _
_ til at all u 8 _ 1 om - altieal or N _ bullbullbullbull
1a te t u dI ult1thlR
1
Chdau ehunh _1 Ja u III a
1 bullbullbullbull-iftI tU 1M _t-iaUu 1IIel11111-- U_ aN lautt
trr the 11111 1 - n Aibullbull1 I _ aM
___ Ie tit _ ua ~ u pea
_11fbullbullbull bull __ 111 al 111 at bull
auv It 1e aU- _111
~ _ aw (1M2) bullbullad
-1 ~pat 11-_ _ 1ft ill tuIIy
__Ill
1MIebullbull_ wi _ -181 __ ~
Ie - 1IlUtl shy
Ute 1bull a __ I bullbullbull __ at au_ TIlle Itt_ ul us -
ua _ 11111 ur a lipid -_ 1 _ at I ~ 1
1 _ _~ __0 I aM 11bullbull 1ft
_ly Qdha110 a UICt1y 1a Utleal
bull -uu vUt1aJ I 170 _ Ute
or -l U bullbulllee Ud
LE bullbull1_ _ U rabull
bull U-1 1II8llUea1 er ct _
UU_ the _ t _ -urbull the _ -111 tit 1aU_ C1 U _
_ t~ ia bull hiuU
bull
bull Dull (1169) bullbullbull_ - _
_ _ the -l canebullbull - 1IIdel ~ JaIl
Slshy Uv _ cut_
I Ia bullbullbull VI2I1 _W N ___ bullbullPAI II 1IItJ_1 11_ IUln Iot _ the 1 tINt IIbull rat bullt _u-l 4SU bull _ bull bullbullbullbullbullft41 fII ~ bullbullbull1 bull _ill bullbullrlbullbullbull _tAlA hili III 1amp vbulla C _ra _ cu II h tide al ello bullbull bull bullbullbull jteUMI 1etIlM r I - _ul1 ad cttU 1 _ _ lJaI lUAlMll C_ (p 1ft)bull
__ _ fit ff1Au1 Alll
u t _ _ _ _al_
lIa It cttUa _ ~
efl bull cl ttlbull bull u _ fII _ __ It in the Ill CI IDlnR cau _ II __ _ __ ea __ -- 1lIeU WtHU P _ 1 of llllUat Ute III _ tile - _ u u bullbullbullbull1__ u tIIua la of u _ _Ie itt aubull u bull bullbullUb tltSe bullbull w M I11 _ _ el__U rashyt cbullbull)
- t 01 cau or wth ell tIltII tit -tal
u I ___ ampeIl- bullbullbullbullbull bull ft _ _ Ute bullbullbullIal ttI
(ItO) _It_ tit _ r bull u-
_ cata1kl_ r ial MI l _ __
the rena or ur 1tl-1 _
T UftCu_ lflaftUFlU etMlf can atullito -1) tIMlla ttt _Dla _ by ttta 11bull 1M cUrt t 1a DaU ft _atoleMl au_ II bU _tbu athbull a at middotU _ Ubullbullbull 111-1 til I bull-1tva ta hn 1_- t bull aun do __tuft fII Cetttel181aabull _ tlly 0middot the ctftaU Ctt la 1M 1ft bullbull ftde ot ita U1_ fillbull ua n Cabullbulllie Qwnb _ _Ub peUUal JIIln _ Will ___ CeHmiddot _ teI laUMII aybull pl 1 U ashy Ja ur ianbullbullbullIf rau w the ne lob -Uti- I bull oul ala _ uu lewd_ Ie raew De tha btalp Uu Cathell Jtlursu_ t _ __
__ Catllelt8 cma UIceU
ttw_ rabullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull 1Me 1 _
Ie tlOftll Jaftmiddot the at-Ullft ( 101) bull
1lU ca1 a the 11 U IIIIlAIW
ala1ll alUlauF _ _I-a ) 1Ml1Md lWI
III MD dUCATI lit IICIIL AlIt) 1EUtIIbullbull A1fmtlll
a t __ 1 - --Uta- bullbull nlaUaattip t at
_ law_uaa _th nU 1a
ta ~ wiUl It I -JHUve aeoid lie
raquo -It _ MtatRl W _ at __
~ or 11111- leU 1
lIeUs- -- nUt1- - shy
1dta1 bullbull Ue MIl _tal 11
tftalel1ll - F title ___ 111 laWaet w ~_ tile ulllltlbull U_ till _
eU ~t u _ bullbullbullbullt __ _lal
-- -~
_a u _ 1Iut lute aU_ a _ U_
la _ bullbullbullbull181 _deIaIa fa Ute ~ __
Ie aU fit - Uta AU 111 til
u u _ bullm aM _
ampII II UtI
y Ie lNIl-a
wiU _ It 1 _uti 1111)
Cl1 (UII) t __ ta ll I li11
thH 11111 lie middotmiddot1Atl__d to bullbullbullbull tl1a poUUl
11 01_ he II III tIda Ie
bull u bullbullbullbull II c (INI)
tIIebull -J ~
11
tlaat sa iM W II
-a ampttl- JIl eWebull
- 1_ 1 Ja U 11 aItI
pbullbullle de 1 s err _ 1_ ~bullbull 1913)
11debullbull __ bullbullbullbull t bull u at 11 ca lSI)bull
1 (1111) bullbullbullbullbullbull 11_ t -
bullbullbullbulld _ JJItInl Ja nI bull U _ fI 7bulla
t -1 1a W
1lt III8UtI a thbull bullbullbullbullbull_ l Utbullbull la tile
_ ell_ a bull
-1 u aU_ 1 ltIUeillue WIr u- Ja catM1te
CItunIl
Sa d_ eampwlUaau __ lit u 1 lie 81-1 a1 -leu or VI_ bull ill Ul It all
u un _ --_ at peUUea1 aal shy
_ It __bull tun eM W tilbullbullbullbullbull1111
(It11) -- 1At 1
tha _ dl_ h ru~
tel - I bullbullW fit __
u wa pauJa _ It hie _ til
ISbullbull M- IeIIa_ lila
u III _ titbullbull I __ lIIdllen __Us 1M
Uu uftly
n Ie __ t bull ve _taU_
~ Uu Jft _ UIl-- tll_ staa-k
(12) ntlltl-- tU wan tvu at u ft bull _ b (1_) MIl
n ttl II Clatholad u _ bullbull t-- II -u-1 lawIl u_ Uvel
I 1a t tha 0 nllp_ nU
u1 dlffteu1U te A 11 ft th (0_ 1) bullbullu 111 Ie __
briefl til ~ lda flit ___bull leUtlshy
1 na _11bull lite -lUUet r NI1t1_ bull
to dudI dt18u1t ~
(1161) u _DUlti Ita atudl_ w tile bull -l1 _u lIIdr
- tudy ill _tit nil tIel1i the eue__
tlltIII he t IP hi theeI) atItJ1_ liIIDe
tn 1e bull _ CIIthell pleat 11a
_ cathoU___ 11 a teHt ta _ bull
tatuUbullbullshy tl the dbullbulld bull 11_
-tdaI It 1n the __ poundIIhU Ounh hila
13
Th v~iabl 0 age nd duction w~ chobullbulln bullbull th 0 pa~ticulu int~bullbullt Th popultion ra whioh the bullbullpl in the
p~bullbulllIftt tudy i dnwn oonit 0 -11 parthbullbull d bullbulloh paih
contin popl 0 11 age and ductional lvlbullbullinc the~ i only
on p~ih in ach loction Thue th~ i no pobullbullibi1ity 0 peop1
g on duotional 1vl o~ ag lvl wo~hipp1ng and int~acting bullbull
bull bullbullprat ~l1g1au group The popultiDn thu to bbullbull auitabl
on in which to t bullbullt the hypathbullbulli that ligioubullbullttitudbullbull v~y w1th
age nd duction
sbullbullbulltudibullbullbull~ piW only t givn ta Stau~middot (1955)
tudy 0 cCa~thyi_ and r ting~ Rick and Sohchw (156)
tudy 0 ~ligiou c~ii could only b dona t tibullbullbull when the ph_
to b invbullbullt1gtd o~ed t~bullbulllvaa to the ob~v Today tu~o11
ov~ changbullbull in the II Ctho1ic C~ch to o~ thi typo
oppo~tun1ty to the pnt ~bullbullbullbull~ch~ Chang i the tt~ 0 g~t bullbullt
concm in the Catholic Chu~ch t pnt Ctwt will b optionally
dfined ro~ the pu~_ 0 thi invbullbulltigtion bullbull any a1t~1ng or beli
o~ practic aong catholic that ha takn p1c 1n the pbullbullt t ty
ybullbull~ o~ i bullbullted o~ the o~bullbullabl utu~bullbull
Sinc the ch taking plac CDv~ Mfty pha bullbullbull 0 Ctho1ic li
it bullbull conaided pobullbulliIl1 to contNct bullbullcal 0 it ~latd to
thbullbullbull changbullbull and uabullbull p~aanbullbullco~ on thibullbullca1 indicto~
0 hibullbullttitudbullbull t ~ thbullbullbull chang ro~ the pu~pobullbullbull 0 thibullbulltudy
bull 1ib1 w optiona11y dined on who avo~bullbull chang and bull
contrvat1vbullbullbull on who oppobullbullbull chang The 1ib~-conbullbullrvativ
continuUII i otn on wed in rligioubullbullttitud r~ch (Ii 1965)
and i bull ci11y lIPP~opdtbullbullinc HUg10n i l1y conid~d
10
a conaarativa oc1al forc aut thi 1 not ly true and religiau
backing 1 otten g1 to libeNl and rad1cal c_d 01 udl chWlO
It bullbullbull conaldarad of pnctieal nd theoretical intet to dtlII1 if
hatarogenalty 0 ttltuda toward elliou obJact exlted in ordinay
0DnOrtion corying IIlth ag and aducation If 0 thi would
relat ralilau attitud to thobullbull ound In other ar Of nuan 11a
n i thue the nl pua 0 hibullbulltucly to clIPitaU tha
preat crl1bullbull c~a -thln tha ~n Clic Church and data~e
i l1011U attituda do ind vary in ralation to a MCI acIuoaUon
It cana1drecl d bullbulllr~a to hold tha dr 0 raliiaue
ailiation and Uta Ie actor abullbullttlltl _ pbullbulllItl to teat I htl that th i ariatl wi thl -snaU_l popu1aU
Thi 1 accaplihad ~y bullbull1otlng a population or retUlarly churchmiddot
ttandlng Catholic Peopl 0- labal t~lea a Catholic --Ply
baaauaa c1a pau or ~cauaa 0 tradltiGMl aaeealaUo
thll aa11y with the Cathollc Church IUGh aUlatiM eM haldly ~
acceptllCl aa a I_t or tlUlt Church rattl 1 aac-Rc or
Cathollc bal1e and pneUo To 1M IU chaol a ehch l
population cannot takn pr 0 the Ject t or
MIL llut it at l_t ur that lUI 1 are 1ft touch
wi th the c occurring 1ft the Cahl1c Church and hat Utaa e
have _ io OIl ir liv d hence ar 1 u tIt_ at l bullbullt
In aft aanae 0 the te
statiUoaUy lJlllti the populatlon tie chWoh-attandera do
rave or tII vari_l11y that would ~ lUnd it he papulation
1 del a oiU 0 anyone who Oh the lallNtl 0 Catholic lut thibullbullWely 1 not ifttareatad ln rl1iy t attitud_
11
that lie u 11middot lIIIIk 1M
th4I It _ 1t1a M
IIau _11 VII1yent11 al n
__ UM fill bullbullbullbullbull
the of bullbullbull __ a_ _ _VtI u 1a _ _
_ catMUe JU1l1 till _ t_
aW
I MLlIICf
uu ta tuIIy abe r_ fit
at _II bull lell Ill It e
_u leila (1_)bull
bull Ii bullbullbullbull -- e __ IIUl 1bullbulltI iAtt bullbullbull __ (II Ia) ruu I Ill bullbullbull JMiwitlual _1 IdbullbullIt _ (p_
bull tud1 ell _ fill
1 bullbull11 _ IIIIB leU (I)
bull tuIIy 1 thU Cdtu_
thtIl ~ 1UaUea _ 1 __ de u_ bull cw (1 lis n_tat_ bull _ ~I
11 bullbull_tIbull N lieU __ t ad_ ia
U _ of the - cathu 1
-al t -u vI -1c1aI
t I bullbull 111 Itt cau poundMacIft lleDt tItle
~ d t h1e a1_
16
-- 1 __ lIeUa tha bullbullbullbullbull will lie
ale __ _ ____
Iel and 1~eto (1965) elM PDIt that Ute gnup lp
or the ilMnt Mould be ken lA_ 1ft _~tude ah
They ehawed tha JMta ~ to lawft ~ bullbullPI bull
(bullbulltal deairab111ty) and L (Ua) _1_ heR ttlbullbullI1-nt_ a
cauouc 1t traquo MAtIld ~lt bullbull IMotOh then he
la Accen1ng It thia tudy - adaln1aU 0 h tna~t
by a 11_t -ould both helIt iM thbullbullaUaldl1ty h
8IIIt CllDUiINt______in U u_ IIh1I1
CMAmlll
I Il1MODI - HIT 1
ml f It shyThe ~ 11 aU lie ounlRM 1
~ bullbull ___ ~ 1 -la 1ft the pu 111 nMlv _ Me
tutu bullu _ an1 will he
at h _ Al1_ Ml (1161) __ tn
u lilt nUU __ 1_ bull
a1 _ uu u - _v - - The pUM n bullbullbull _ PllMI11
s- 1 __ 1eWM _we ca
wI Uu_ _
at bullbullbullbullbullbull
lle bullbullbullntt bullbull W leW bull _ _ _
1___Uwa1 bullbullbullbullbullbull 1 he 1eahtaJ Uta __~
-Uuel bullbull_1 1 All 1 bull
111bullbull1 an MIa In ie
- Catlu cane 1ft U
1ft to W
_ t at u_ _ at u
11
mal tN _a AU tile
1 1ft thla e bull u bullt - tba or the
u __ fit 1Mt At Ut U the lUI t JuI n - hit dl__ ( lN1) 1111_
tnIlllllllJe _ alAe _tIl tWI 1ft dIdIIt
Ill 1 hi
W m they fit _t ~
u-au_ TN_ _ 101
I 1INUMd ampb _Ill II pel _U
_111 ~_ -1 _ In
he u- __ 1 ampII
- A 11_ the - _ 1 11 III _ h
- aa he
1 bPl _ u
lftIIIII fA ple
V cal __ - tutu 01
1IIdamp rtan tie bullbull or CltNl_ 1ft
bullbullbullbullM MUM --_
It _ bullbullbullbullbull ta _ 1Ile ull 1111
_til the 1 11 1ft eteh
U tMIlftIII Illcuit 81th
IIltly U lhatl bull ___ IIJ he r
I bull
a hen tid u tNnr
1- - dun __ _
-
Cathllll or al 1tIheIt 11 II -r shy_111M lap _ne
Oft hi 1 _1M _
1M 18 - _t __ lI1ruu
IIlll-Mlr nNaU h Md _ bullbullbull round to be _
(eo ~ ta _ NUl) eh
bull -Ill - - - r --t thin 1- 1111 rtl1 r he _
to 0 wil Nt U uat11
_ Ie ~ th_ hln _ _ u-I tdth bull WhIt to ttl l _ iii
1Ml 1 Chunh 18tV111 hbullbullbull_ All he 1_ eleaed -s Iftla In V h cU eW
Oft bull - II1Iu1al r
bullUIIy or -- 1_ (1 3 I _ 20T I lI 1bullbull 16 17 II
I nrua) ntUhIIII u bIlinl ~ - CUMll
Chunh The IIhu (It 1 It 6bullbullt 10 U U II I)
to ttl I bullbull tal cell
Chi_ hi 1-middot plaeed -l8JIea w tbu
10
_ - tiN
11bullbull1 a _ _ _- n () -1 tie _ bull 11
______hi bullbullbullbullbull _hi all__ JaI bull
_ nt (au tNII C
__ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullat _ taIIlil
I eu nbullbull Ml ___
a - Ilut - _ tMN JM1 _ and
-1 til ~ - bull I shy
abullbull IIM UIIt til h
rbullbull bullbull IIbullbull
I ___ 1II1et WIIl _ it_ -l nI
IIu 11 III - tN 11
_ al W I ilia Nt SIal M
ltI -d 1D Ud at au _
-111 s UIuIl _ lie autleWl 1M MUM
bull bullbullbull 1_ - _
_ at AU 1ft 1 of -
U _ ~ _tal petntSamp1 _
_ W ~bullbulld plPi_ in
tN Nel fit ~ he caubullbull n bullbullbull11 the 1M th _
t21 L ~ fMM - w_ fit (1) bullbullau _
21
itbout chng to p~t good dicrilnatlon alone the liberalshy
conervativ continuua ror pl In the rea or clrical dieiplinbull
ny Catholic ar eoncrnd with the prbullbullbullnt harta9 or clr9Y In
Catholic prih Thi uaually ratbullbullbull the quatian at clarical
clibcy Three it (2 11 and 15) perltt the rbullbullpondant to
diacrilnate bull 11ttle In 111 attitude toward hi tutUI ching Ite
11 bullbullrly ak it the chang to rrid clrlY 1bullbullIreable to the
rbullbullpendant It 2 bullbullk ir bull r bullbullpondnt thinka thi chang would rbullbullu1t
in lood bullbullrvic to peepl It 15 ineerpotbullbull the bullbullt rrquant
oent in the rirt two pilot tudibullbull whioh iapUbullbull tht thi chang
to nld clrgy llight raul t in battr bullbullrvic baerried
clrgy would hv bttr inaight into rly lir It i rbl to
ua tht bull preon ight ccapt bull chang to bull nid olrlY van
though bdobullbull not rbullbullbullbullbull it bullbull rbullbullu1ting in _d or bttr bullbullrvic but
bullbullrly beubullbull h d It noy to the bullbullitanc or the Churoh bullbull
h k it Hbullbullilht 10 think _nid clrgy auld 11v bttbullbull
bullbullbullvic or llight nat H could 10 think bullbullrried clrgy would liv
ltettr bullbullrvio but prrr the clibat olrlY h hebull awn cautDaad to
Thue 11 thr it hlp dicrillit bullbull r~ntmiddotbullbullttitud taad
thi chantbullbull
Th caaaant or dir r antbullbull180 indicted _ canebullbulln
over the poalUon cr woan in the Chuch T_ itbullbull tap thibullbull1bullbull cr
change It 1 chck the pandentmiddot tUtude to_rd bull intbullbulll
paUcipaUon by _en in worhlp nd it 15 chck hibullbulltUtUde toward
bull rl clrgy
It 16 and 18 both chok the bullbullbullpendant attitude t 1d the
ua_ of uthorlty in the Churoh Itaa 9 10 and 12 are all concrned
22
wi In hip U_ in he ChINh 1- 4 If 14
en bull __ _th he 1IffId1dU_ r the _ 111
Ute w ubullbullr u Ctweh all ani u hM
_ tile da 11bull CetMllM
th- tit~ _tdtIen W bull -Ia _
_ 1ft CNIlJ Ua ha en a _ I he
CltNIUL
f1M1 n lfI 1M Thl lnal _all _ leld Me lay -1At 11_ to 6U Calhal1M
~ vial 1A _1 parllh in I -n aagon au
DOIIPlated U 111 the allot tJu __1tIg tohl
II1ddla or tttl 111bullbull and _ __ -kad for a
~rr or tl rtlilU1ta
A epllt-halr nllelAlUbullbullaJG1ant Gtd tor the de
obtaineG nil heM tiO ta and _ tllUftd to be A co~relaU_
an thl uwn and t hal the 1Dampl __MIt
_ampI ou_ t bl ill
II IETMIDI NIT 11
Th Catall adahop ~I 1 tact
_1_ ta thl ftMa to any ar $tsa palJt 0 hI ____
the Itudy The filioo_ t lMIIJcI _ 0 catam 0
-J bull t 32 auINRlta _ parun ar he pa-__ Ira _U
1- than 20 tU ut ttbullbull fa bull la1 peJah_ and the
lan1 deAlcted that bull tnUfia_Una lan would orbullbull
23
bettr bull 1 or the population Th parihs wer dlvided into thr
group (1 - 200 rtltbullbull 201 - 00 r-111bullbull and 401 - 600 raillbullbull )
Dna parih each rroa the two larger group and our aall pariaha wr
randoaly bullbulllactad a the pl or par1h to bbullbullurv~ad Thue tha
ubJect contitut a randaa stretirid ple or the church-going
population or the R Catholic D10c of BIIcr Sinc thre 1 only
one Catholic paih in the bullbull1 town and ciUbullbull or E_tern OnIOn all
church10ing Catholic or th1 ara ar OlOad to worhip together thus
abullbulluring the bullbuller1llntr t t the vadablbullbull or 1Ig and ducation will
b rairly rprntativ or the entir Catholic population or the ar
The experientr a Cathol1c pribullbullt orrioiated at the regular
Sunday erv1cbullbull or the padshbullbull included in the ple During the tibullbull
in tha service regularly devoted to a eran he aked the u~r to pa
out copis or the attitude acale and pencil to bar or the
congregation Arter thbullbullbull -d been distributed the Eucpedantar read
the introductory paragraph or the quUonnair to the congregation H
requeted thelr cooplation in coapltiO the it and orr8led to
anwer any quetion when the elvice over Tanty ainut war
allotad to the subject ror coaplation of ttle attitude cal The
bullbullrvice _ concluded in the usual annel and the ePerinter anred
any quetion that c up
A and EdypaUal Lbullbulll bull
for the purpo anal ying the data or the tudy the ubJectbull
bullbullre dividd into thrbullbull aoe IIOUP and rour ducation 11OUP thus
living a _trix 0 t_lv call The age IIOUPbullbullbullr (1) Jct
24
btn IS-30 yar 0 ao (2) eubJaot btn 31-50 yar (3)
ubJct 51 yn 0 or oldr Thi dlvllon baed uan bullbullvnI
conidration ThbullbullubJeot in the irt ege group have lived aot or
thair livbullbull in a changing Catholic Church It i bullbull~acted that they
will be Muoh more accpting 0 change then the other groupbullbullince changa
1 1bullbullbull unuual to th Tha ubJact In the bullbullcand group havs pant
01 or their live in bull Church that did little changing end hence are
expected to b 1bullbullbull accepting Dr chang The third group Ul hava
pnt Much ora t1bullbull than ither 0 tha other group in an unchanging
rligiou atbullbullpher It i bullbull~ected that thy wiU b the t
conervativ group
The division 0 ducation into our lvelbullbullbullbullbullbulld the 8Ot
p~tical ro tha tandpoint at the gneral population to bbullbullurvayd
Gradbullbullchool high chaol __ ooUaobullbull Md a caplatad tour yaar
oollg education bullbullra oanaidred tha aibullbullt diviion to k in our
population aina they ak undratandable diviiona 01 the rapandania
lind each lavl oanUtutbullbull an appreciabl aducational dierenca Ya
at chool caplstad thue conatitutesour oparational dtinitian or
education
III PREOICTIONS
In the lioht 0 tha previous diacu ion and tha r bullbullult at tha
pilot tucUbullbull the allowing pred1ctiona bullbullre _dbullbull
1 Scarbullbull an the prbullbullant hal a the acale will b highr than
acorbullbull on the utuw halt Thi prdiction t bullbullted ith a tet
ror correlated data
2 Younger Catholic bullbullUl tend to be 01 liberal or accepting
25
tit _ A rtAun MIl ttl caul
latlaa _ ~ toe teet 1 ypo
J eav11bullbullbull111 Ie -_ r _
to u will with 1_ renal A _rn1eUon _
t w hy~bullbull
DtAPTII 111
TIIIIIle 1 vee the __ bull bullhe tUIIa Mample
bull bullbull1 lPtti A tnIl
lQM hi aW- II lO1S
_ ubullbullIe n leta _ bull
TM _ _ the -1 21
to iIIplrl _ the ~ _ bullbull _- p1Me
NI ten h
TIIIJ1e 1 v t 14 iD tile bull AVi tnI UlnaIbullbulldbullbull
aIl TNwe a I
hiIhl ~ tie Thi moa - cauu u ~
__u VIan U Ie The
bull _ MI a lea _
u- tee __ tqb
TM _ 1A TIIIIla 1 II at t _ u Uta _ 1M U ten_
- -
27
TAamppound J
bullbullEI or II POt DUCATl IIOUP
IIAI bull ntl anl1l8r 8CampI
Old ~ (a bull raquoa)(ft bull 113) (bullbull m)
middot ~~--~~~ - r---~~~ 2-l i I
~ i ~ ~ I )~--middot~---iimiddotmiddot---~~~middot~_~_~middotn i
I j II UI I bull III I n 11- i bull 124 I bull 111bull bull 84 I
~ 1
_-------middot4---middotmiddotmiddot_middot+------1
~ bull-1 n
bull bull 111 bull bull 116bull 10
-bull bull 121
1
(n bull UI)
shy
1
(a bull 3-)
cu (bullbull 2U)
bull mmiddot CoU
(a bull 17)
In fig 1 the mean IIOOfeamp or eech educUonal grC1lp 18 plotld
c)gd not dye Lowr scures middotIe indio gtl1vn of conE1rvatislII 8nll h bull gher
soor~s of 11b8ld eta Of groilolr cceptfnc1 of ot) nge Hmiddot~ d t et(JW b
tlf900 tOWfO mo EG libel 1 tti tUt19sin youngt respondentG 19
mi((UfII-gIH t~iQr 9croo1 gredudtas were just eligrtly more LblSral t n
tc younger ligl school QridIJt~S The corrsltion btlDaan 8core8 on
tilm dtitude 8cle finc -g9 was 51 Ulhich is atntist~cll) signifLclnt
t ttlpound bull 11 lsvsl TrG corrailttion between accres on tre attitud~3 scel~
1)nd age wlth educaration prtialled aut was 36 TNa younglill pelOjlla sro
SEHn to bs signlficanU) more accepting 01 change ttln older people
In fig 1 tt-a tH8n COrliS or each gloup ale plott td Il9Ilnet
th~ four Qduc~1tionEll 18113 Thli trend toward l1Il rEt liberal attitiJdo6
wi t ncroiJsnr F1iJCation is slimn in thfll graph Tta eorriltloUon butween
scar on tI~ GCelA ana echoicbull tion 118$ bull ti wlch is 8ignifiCtlnt (tt the
Jl lEtllel n~ corrsl~t1on betwgon scor on ttt~ IICel ~nd f4duQtton
lIIitt ugo pltrtiall~d out lIIes 3amp Thue edUcation is e~n to bil
signifiesntly relatQd to aecfgtptftMC8 at cr~ngo more aduc tad rlJsjJondpnts
tanding to ecclpt ctangua molS r9i11dil) th~in lee oducated 0098
Ttfl date Indice ted t~ilt tlere was no CIOfInlEltion bt~ttl1m1n )gc QItd
sducation (I -db) t Impling no overlap 1n the variance aoountilc for
by the two voriablas 80 a multiple R was computed The ~ultiple R
between 8cores on the acale and E)ge and education was bullbulla About 16
of the variance on ttese 8cores is trus predictablo from age and
education
A 1 test using the formula for carrelatad observations I UlliS done
on t9 deta from the future nd present t1Bllles of tg sc-ale T-e
bullbull
29
-~---------=l GJ8d Schaal bull 6 High School 0- __0
S COlla amiddotmiddotmiddota i
4 yra Collage bull ibull
G_ Amiddot 7- 0
bull bull - - 0 JI bullbull bull N
a
laquo
Old 1l1ddla
AGE
riquE 1 Ian acorbullbull on the attitude Bcele or the foul lIducaUone1 lavl plotted againet eg The highsr ths cors on the aeale the are liberal 01 accepting or change are the reapondenta
lJ
Did Jj a dIIle 0 0 Yatal Il- --D
11
bull
1 2 3
poundDUCATIObullbullL~V[LS
1M a bull _ne the ttltwde elbullbullr th thne poupe plt1M11 lwl The hlp Uw _ on the ele the _n 111 01 --URe or h nepond_e
31
1 - oMbullbullbull 36~)l (p lt 111) 1ndl0U auort tor th hypol
that Cthollcbullbullre _rbullbullcoepting or chabullbull alrdy lMt1 tutad than
they 1 of future hypothlzd chang
U lOR IlOllDUAL nos
S ot the 1t_ in the ttltudbullbullcalbullbullr8 ot bullbulldl Intt
btlcauae thf rtl~ot tUtudU r bull IMt iltpartnett in th
Cetllo110 Churgt todey Itbullbull 6 11 13 end 16 hev be n anAlyzlld
IIDrtl ull y than thtt othr And 1 preted 1n th U1 our
fgur to how th ulte In tr d taU ttaaa 6 11 and 13
wre ~ the uture pert 0 the 8cal and it 16 1 the prt
pert 0 th ace1
lba t
f lIUr8 3 the pnta or Meh I Ihel 111 th 1t_
bull (Dlvo-rrr1d Ctho1icbullbullhou1d b p~tted to raciv the
bullbullonu illy C-uon van though thlr bullbullaond urlbullbullbull
1 inval1d according to na~al tndard) Ovral 61 ot the
r bullbullpond t bullbullbullreed that 01 involved ln invalld 111hould
bbullbull11_0 to rbullbulliv the aat rlgur 3 that ln ach
group at l t ~a~ ot the repond ahaI thl preibullbulliv attltudbullbull
In the youngr ana _1 educatd lrouP _lIIOt 7b~ or ttl raepondant bull
bull xpl dlt with pnnt polley Svnty-toUl IGent or th
rnat wlth a 0011 eduoat1an agreed to bull changbullbullbull d1d 68)11 0 th r8apondant undr thirty y or bullbullbullbull
32
Old Yaung
I~-- -gt- bullbullbull
56~ 5~
- 1
7t~ ~ ~
f
_IDIUJ fiayenr 3 Thl pen_tag 1n ROh II 1-inI _th It 6 J_ 6 Dlvolc- llbd Catha110bull bull haul It t Icl n aact ( otal1r -Uftlon) bull theulh nll bullbull cencI_1 1 bull lavU aoollldl to --
Gbullbull SohaDl
Call
33
DIIl1 rl 4 vee theu1t 0 the VllY itbull U (PII
ehould _t U ta _fty) OvU 57j or the ehUloh
Cthollbullbull 1ft 1 bullbulltud) Ind1oat that th dl with the Cethol1
ChulGhf poUe) 0 bullbull1J_ 0 h al St __ 0 th IIhUlGh _th bull 1tecI DOn aU_ 111 w1~
t pall SJn 1M 0 h young - dl
with t polla) ~ the yaur Cathctll0 wih bull DOll
eduoatlon ~ dlred wlh th 01011 polle
Hau (leuI 5 tivu Ue peentege 1ft -h tIlI wUh
It_ 13 (__ t VI all__ 0 I bullbullU) A t
mt dl wlth hi U 1 eu t be yl that h would
1n evo 0 heving _1 aly Jn the Cthta1la Chunn uno to 81_
wlth th Ita bullbull p 1 to vo the prt peltAl i al
th data thet the bullbullt _Jult 0 to accept prlbullbull at hI U OwaU 16 C d with the
lOhl~ltlon 0 1 al) Thl t-wo proan or hdeft with a eoU eductaU 1I1d with he plOhUalUan 0 _11ft pl bullbull
EducaUan bull- to IIbullbull Ill to In eooep 0 __ pllbullbull
heft
ll a (1 6 V hlta D th MI_ on 1- 11 (To a
catholl0 It 1 ft to ta1n an ye 0 U elel nh
cantHI dvlo end the W th aontnl pill) Th data h at
34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
- Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and practices correlated with age and education
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-
DIFPUDCU II 1lC ATTI18O OF Qtatm CATItOLICI TOU atbullbull_ II KLIIUUI IILII AID
MAeTlca CGMIUTD WI1M AlE AID EDUCATJ
tIy
CLETUS ICUlL IIIIMTlICK
bull ut 1n ua1 u111~ Ute ~_ oe v at
ltuiand Uft1venlty 1111
bull rIel or IUDUAlt 111
be n t the c-s_ the ___i bull
C1e- Illttaeal Kllkpatl_ 1bullbull- y I 11bull
y S 11
I IIIa ItJR
I _ bull wi u I bullbullbullbullbull 1111
11 at 1
1_ tda aw at til
I ~ bull 1 lIRa 0 aIIMl
lat r Itd _ JII lr UWt1 _ the
111bullbull11 _ h I bullbullbullbull IAi I bullbull _ -
1Itampa or 1- _ bullIU __I
M __ U_ _s _ ~ I
s_
er a 1 u
TABLE or CONTENTS
AaclOlL[IIiI[ITS middot 111
LIST or TAIL[S
LIST OF ncLlft[s
middot middot
bull bull bull bull
bull bull middot
vll
atAPT[R
J IlTftOOUCTIOI bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull middot 1
ll111u Attltwdbullbull end General Attltud Rbullbullbullbullrch bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull middot
Soclal Rl1g1ou Atltud middot middot 6
A nd Eduction 1ft Socl1 nd Rlilau Attltud bull bull bull bull middot middot I
G-nl ChanctrlUce or the Pftftt Study bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 12
Sallancy 15
II PROCEDURE bullbullbull bull
-thod -Pal
bull
I
bull bull bull
bull bull
17
17
Scal eontructloft rl1 Flld Tbullbullt
_thode - Part II middot S_JctpoundlMntA nd tduatlona1 Lvel
bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull
v
QlAPTER PAGE
III RESULTS bull bull bull bull bull 26
Csnsrl Rsult bull 26
Sa Individual It bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 31
IV DISCUSSION AND IIPLICATION5 bull bull bull 38
Canerl Dicusion 38
Discubullbullion or Saa Individual It bull 41
Furthr Rbullbullbullbullrch Pobullbullibiliti bull bull 47
REFERENCES APPtIOIX S2
LIST Of TABLES
TABLE PAGE
I Nuber or Reepondent in Each Age end EdUcational
Group and Group Ian an Attitude Scale bull bull bull bull bull 27
LIST or FlClIIES
fIGURE PAGE
1
2
bull So an the ttl~ eaal or the rou eIItIatlone1 1 bullbullbulll plotd nat Th hilhel the 0 the 8Oal the 1111 0 bull 0cU 0 c 1 the Int bull bull bull bull bull bull
bull eaol_ 8ft the tUtudbullbullaal 0 the thlH lnup plotted _lnat duoaUOMl 1 Th hilhel the eoOI the eaal the _1 111bullbull181 1 colng 0 ohang 1 the Ieepondent bull bull bull bull bull bull
2
middot3
bullbull
Th PIC_tag In eh llOUP 1 wlh itbullbull 6 It_ 6 D1ve~lllad Catholl0 ahauld II peao1tad to eelbullbull thbullbullbulleent (01811) C-n1an) bullbullbull though thleoond _ITI 1 lalld oconll to ftOaal Und Th plo In eaoh IOUII dl_l with It_ 11 It_ 11 P l bullbulltbullbullhauld t all g ~y bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull
32
I Th pn 1ft MOh lroup di_l_l1 wi th It_ 13 It_ 13 I t It all_ad to bec_ l bullbullt bull bull 35
6 Th pen In HOh I d111 with It 16 It 16 To be bull CathoUc l 1 neee) to lft M) 0 MUlel81 b1 th a8ftt~l d10 and the IIllth GontlDl pill 36
ItmlllUCflM
In tIttt middoteWbull _ bullbullbull bullbull1
u _ __
a Itt bullbullW _ 11 __
_ the 1 ton
_ tUmiddot _ aM Je _
_ - ut aamp1 MUt le 1 bull _ _ or th_
lIIIUbullbullbulllate lit 1 101) (Aun lnt)
_to at Itud I __a _tal bull
at to 11 1_ 1 t p2ftt bullbull flW ~_
-tin tt a in tet _t -1Wt __ bullbull__ ttte rat w 1 aftu_ ttl
bull tuel tIuIt de _ bullbullbull1 IalUty _tltllly
Al_1NIh l ~ed ltodbullbullUy bullbullbull 80M _ -
11111_1 Mil 0 rUn the i
11y i Itbull wo UftUl pnt tMN 11
Id u ptibullbull 1_
etu -1_tl 1_
bull albullbullbullbulll t lIeU Irw UtIbull
bullbullbulltlll __ U 111 th
bull WIll_ tU-
1tda w UIIII ln cal __ ttl _
lalU_ at u _ t I I All (1m) Ja _ u -u ~ or t taed
11uaebull dllUI dbull tftflvtrMe
he iMl_JAIlUaltbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull til u e1Uu_ 11th WdOh
It 11 18 bull Knoh tNnald (INa) lft Utat
bull _ 11MaUM r _UU_l --1 1 1M tilt
t lIIIU~ ~1tt lau MIl lteut (lftl) 1111
UuIita iMSVSlbullbullbullbull _ 0 bullbull1
WU_ UQ _ 0- tueu_u_
tWe JIIIIn en stu to Id a
bull _ -ta _ ial ~ bullbullbullbullbullbull tifta bullbulla_
_to 1 ua1e dla1IIIU1ahad an attltuda tJb111h la bull hbull uul _to to
_ bullbull _ a w __ a el III n t _ ~
U 1e lie _ n -i__u at V
1amplJIII (K-a JIIWa ampaU 1n3)
he ~ 111 _
-1 __ atut at
I
11 bullbullbull I fet nbullbull_
II
u -lbullbullbullM r -J wltIlt
elf tda llUtat fila Ie IIIIlI
t_ at tU 1IIVal err 1Ml
JllllaUt lit fit
til u s lie JupUr _ IIOUDM (C aM 1) bull
11 eM bullbullbullbull _Wi ubull alIA fI Ju u a-l_ shy
ilr aM _
-u A _ bullbullbullbull1_ It __ bullbullbull1amp811 wetul ampIt
VltaU MIl lte at
bullbull1_ 1bullbull11
bull IIllAl a (I 111 1110)
1 Ie aW tile
1 ia at I 1_ f1da u 1 nl bullbull
_- til __
0IIIIIlIInalIbullbull MIl s 1ha __ _ _ tie
u _ nbullbull Ia -1_ ubullbull A 11 or nu 9IPbullbullbullbullbull (1amp
CIIIII_ IIIUbullbull lMt) Ia _ __
_deaau __-1M tile
U The ---11bullbull (Iaa tetlllnd lilt) tMt
at tievttlIIp - 1tha1
gaala 1bullbullbullUtudu 1~ 1ft the rarnie 4M1wWual __bull Ttda II ~ u of
__ _ tUw eM _ U of
at Uudee 1 11) tha eft ri 1e
___ iftdlvll ___a at tNt
TIMt _ttude en Uta iMlitIual
1 U ellbull tie the bull of etU 18
1 Ut lMtpl a ana ( 1
15) The _1ft th_ -1 bullbull
aA _ bull -__1tue- u 1
bullbullUw reI thw l
n an 1 ~ Ia lead1lll
U_ A _1 0 a-U- Me
aM _ftllld _t ubullbull 0 la pmubullbull -IY Inall the ea_ I
pp t01 I itt ~
__ by _ ttovlMd hi _n_ ( bull 1M - albullbull
lt53r CaU 1915) at the -JR liN of ttt1
vi Jt 1bullbullt1ault ti oonolta_ the le
-bull bull t 1bullbulltlan t __iII_ VI pnMl_bullbull and
explaMt1_ ft 11 olotJ 0 lD1l1ft1111
1111 bullbull 1 heIa1 r__18a UtI Ift 0 lat
to 1eIII1d
the WId or -111bullbullbullu __ 1 ptIItl_
111 the tude rbullbull 1fIIIk bull III a_ aeo1a1 _au hlJtl-~= 111
_ 1 bull the flbullbullr nJJt1-
_ MU 1au ~ ( 1)
-- aitua __
bullbullbull -r alettbullbull II -lJt1- va bullbullbullbullbull __ Dr u u uuaa1l ~d-eltllale _ 1a 11 -e 1 bullbull11 the ala or u u _lta bullbull_J IIM _la pa___ or __ foaaula bull-__ v ___ bull lIMn tIItlr at _1ftIau aUl I the ar a or u bullbullUll _ft 1l1libull -uu at _ _-1 -1 bull hytHlttt or -l _upI (P 1M)bull
ttl-- _ to
~ Ute _ or ttta tete _ bullbull to J_ hie 1J1IeIt _
_al fJI 1Ih1lta 1An__ tAl
IU v 1aM_ IIUIIIh _ 1111- _all _
1 ~ 1 - bull Ja r _douD 1i1i1_ Iheu1II
bullbullbull__ v_ ta 1 nlJtiauebull t
lWllaa __ un_u U eualr bullbullbull lie
an W ft uuu 1 _Jaw 1
6
It IICIM _ ani
ltw _lal u 111 bull _hibull
1Una n -1 in --
an 11 _Uett __ __tIht_ help in
bull 1 bullbullbull- ll _til la
II) 1 _ wl tit - n toIMJ -lC _
w lad _ u_ 1 alwaUaa
HI __1 _ II aU Ut1e _lt1l -uti- tIM __ Ult
~ (1dI_ al HIO)
A f _ ttlw
bull bullbull11 __ _ bullbull1
_ __ Itl I ttthl bullbull laW
) Ie bullbull -Jitle-
__1 te_ bull til -11tshy
sa re aU 1M n IIAe
u _ IRI y1_ 1 dt
_ u uaa la 1Id
- fit _
_ til at all u 8 _ 1 om - altieal or N _ bullbullbullbull
1a te t u dI ult1thlR
1
Chdau ehunh _1 Ja u III a
1 bullbullbullbull-iftI tU 1M _t-iaUu 1IIel11111-- U_ aN lautt
trr the 11111 1 - n Aibullbull1 I _ aM
___ Ie tit _ ua ~ u pea
_11fbullbullbull bull __ 111 al 111 at bull
auv It 1e aU- _111
~ _ aw (1M2) bullbullad
-1 ~pat 11-_ _ 1ft ill tuIIy
__Ill
1MIebullbull_ wi _ -181 __ ~
Ie - 1IlUtl shy
Ute 1bull a __ I bullbullbull __ at au_ TIlle Itt_ ul us -
ua _ 11111 ur a lipid -_ 1 _ at I ~ 1
1 _ _~ __0 I aM 11bullbull 1ft
_ly Qdha110 a UICt1y 1a Utleal
bull -uu vUt1aJ I 170 _ Ute
or -l U bullbulllee Ud
LE bullbull1_ _ U rabull
bull U-1 1II8llUea1 er ct _
UU_ the _ t _ -urbull the _ -111 tit 1aU_ C1 U _
_ t~ ia bull hiuU
bull
bull Dull (1169) bullbullbull_ - _
_ _ the -l canebullbull - 1IIdel ~ JaIl
Slshy Uv _ cut_
I Ia bullbullbull VI2I1 _W N ___ bullbullPAI II 1IItJ_1 11_ IUln Iot _ the 1 tINt IIbull rat bullt _u-l 4SU bull _ bull bullbullbullbullbullft41 fII ~ bullbullbull1 bull _ill bullbullrlbullbullbull _tAlA hili III 1amp vbulla C _ra _ cu II h tide al ello bullbull bull bullbullbull jteUMI 1etIlM r I - _ul1 ad cttU 1 _ _ lJaI lUAlMll C_ (p 1ft)bull
__ _ fit ff1Au1 Alll
u t _ _ _ _al_
lIa It cttUa _ ~
efl bull cl ttlbull bull u _ fII _ __ It in the Ill CI IDlnR cau _ II __ _ __ ea __ -- 1lIeU WtHU P _ 1 of llllUat Ute III _ tile - _ u u bullbullbullbull1__ u tIIua la of u _ _Ie itt aubull u bull bullbullUb tltSe bullbull w M I11 _ _ el__U rashyt cbullbull)
- t 01 cau or wth ell tIltII tit -tal
u I ___ ampeIl- bullbullbullbullbull bull ft _ _ Ute bullbullbullIal ttI
(ItO) _It_ tit _ r bull u-
_ cata1kl_ r ial MI l _ __
the rena or ur 1tl-1 _
T UftCu_ lflaftUFlU etMlf can atullito -1) tIMlla ttt _Dla _ by ttta 11bull 1M cUrt t 1a DaU ft _atoleMl au_ II bU _tbu athbull a at middotU _ Ubullbullbull 111-1 til I bull-1tva ta hn 1_- t bull aun do __tuft fII Cetttel181aabull _ tlly 0middot the ctftaU Ctt la 1M 1ft bullbull ftde ot ita U1_ fillbull ua n Cabullbulllie Qwnb _ _Ub peUUal JIIln _ Will ___ CeHmiddot _ teI laUMII aybull pl 1 U ashy Ja ur ianbullbullbullIf rau w the ne lob -Uti- I bull oul ala _ uu lewd_ Ie raew De tha btalp Uu Cathell Jtlursu_ t _ __
__ Catllelt8 cma UIceU
ttw_ rabullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull 1Me 1 _
Ie tlOftll Jaftmiddot the at-Ullft ( 101) bull
1lU ca1 a the 11 U IIIIlAIW
ala1ll alUlauF _ _I-a ) 1Ml1Md lWI
III MD dUCATI lit IICIIL AlIt) 1EUtIIbullbull A1fmtlll
a t __ 1 - --Uta- bullbull nlaUaattip t at
_ law_uaa _th nU 1a
ta ~ wiUl It I -JHUve aeoid lie
raquo -It _ MtatRl W _ at __
~ or 11111- leU 1
lIeUs- -- nUt1- - shy
1dta1 bullbull Ue MIl _tal 11
tftalel1ll - F title ___ 111 laWaet w ~_ tile ulllltlbull U_ till _
eU ~t u _ bullbullbullbullt __ _lal
-- -~
_a u _ 1Iut lute aU_ a _ U_
la _ bullbullbullbull181 _deIaIa fa Ute ~ __
Ie aU fit - Uta AU 111 til
u u _ bullm aM _
ampII II UtI
y Ie lNIl-a
wiU _ It 1 _uti 1111)
Cl1 (UII) t __ ta ll I li11
thH 11111 lie middotmiddot1Atl__d to bullbullbullbull tl1a poUUl
11 01_ he II III tIda Ie
bull u bullbullbullbull II c (INI)
tIIebull -J ~
11
tlaat sa iM W II
-a ampttl- JIl eWebull
- 1_ 1 Ja U 11 aItI
pbullbullle de 1 s err _ 1_ ~bullbull 1913)
11debullbull __ bullbullbullbull t bull u at 11 ca lSI)bull
1 (1111) bullbullbullbullbullbull 11_ t -
bullbullbullbulld _ JJItInl Ja nI bull U _ fI 7bulla
t -1 1a W
1lt III8UtI a thbull bullbullbullbullbull_ l Utbullbull la tile
_ ell_ a bull
-1 u aU_ 1 ltIUeillue WIr u- Ja catM1te
CItunIl
Sa d_ eampwlUaau __ lit u 1 lie 81-1 a1 -leu or VI_ bull ill Ul It all
u un _ --_ at peUUea1 aal shy
_ It __bull tun eM W tilbullbullbullbullbull1111
(It11) -- 1At 1
tha _ dl_ h ru~
tel - I bullbullW fit __
u wa pauJa _ It hie _ til
ISbullbull M- IeIIa_ lila
u III _ titbullbull I __ lIIdllen __Us 1M
Uu uftly
n Ie __ t bull ve _taU_
~ Uu Jft _ UIl-- tll_ staa-k
(12) ntlltl-- tU wan tvu at u ft bull _ b (1_) MIl
n ttl II Clatholad u _ bullbull t-- II -u-1 lawIl u_ Uvel
I 1a t tha 0 nllp_ nU
u1 dlffteu1U te A 11 ft th (0_ 1) bullbullu 111 Ie __
briefl til ~ lda flit ___bull leUtlshy
1 na _11bull lite -lUUet r NI1t1_ bull
to dudI dt18u1t ~
(1161) u _DUlti Ita atudl_ w tile bull -l1 _u lIIdr
- tudy ill _tit nil tIel1i the eue__
tlltIII he t IP hi theeI) atItJ1_ liIIDe
tn 1e bull _ CIIthell pleat 11a
_ cathoU___ 11 a teHt ta _ bull
tatuUbullbullshy tl the dbullbulld bull 11_
-tdaI It 1n the __ poundIIhU Ounh hila
13
Th v~iabl 0 age nd duction w~ chobullbulln bullbull th 0 pa~ticulu int~bullbullt Th popultion ra whioh the bullbullpl in the
p~bullbulllIftt tudy i dnwn oonit 0 -11 parthbullbull d bullbulloh paih
contin popl 0 11 age and ductional lvlbullbullinc the~ i only
on p~ih in ach loction Thue th~ i no pobullbullibi1ity 0 peop1
g on duotional 1vl o~ ag lvl wo~hipp1ng and int~acting bullbull
bull bullbullprat ~l1g1au group The popultiDn thu to bbullbull auitabl
on in which to t bullbullt the hypathbullbulli that ligioubullbullttitudbullbull v~y w1th
age nd duction
sbullbullbulltudibullbullbull~ piW only t givn ta Stau~middot (1955)
tudy 0 cCa~thyi_ and r ting~ Rick and Sohchw (156)
tudy 0 ~ligiou c~ii could only b dona t tibullbullbull when the ph_
to b invbullbullt1gtd o~ed t~bullbulllvaa to the ob~v Today tu~o11
ov~ changbullbull in the II Ctho1ic C~ch to o~ thi typo
oppo~tun1ty to the pnt ~bullbullbullbull~ch~ Chang i the tt~ 0 g~t bullbullt
concm in the Catholic Chu~ch t pnt Ctwt will b optionally
dfined ro~ the pu~_ 0 thi invbullbulltigtion bullbull any a1t~1ng or beli
o~ practic aong catholic that ha takn p1c 1n the pbullbullt t ty
ybullbull~ o~ i bullbullted o~ the o~bullbullabl utu~bullbull
Sinc the ch taking plac CDv~ Mfty pha bullbullbull 0 Ctho1ic li
it bullbull conaided pobullbulliIl1 to contNct bullbullcal 0 it ~latd to
thbullbullbull changbullbull and uabullbull p~aanbullbullco~ on thibullbullca1 indicto~
0 hibullbullttitudbullbull t ~ thbullbullbull chang ro~ the pu~pobullbullbull 0 thibullbulltudy
bull 1ib1 w optiona11y dined on who avo~bullbull chang and bull
contrvat1vbullbullbull on who oppobullbullbull chang The 1ib~-conbullbullrvativ
continuUII i otn on wed in rligioubullbullttitud r~ch (Ii 1965)
and i bull ci11y lIPP~opdtbullbullinc HUg10n i l1y conid~d
10
a conaarativa oc1al forc aut thi 1 not ly true and religiau
backing 1 otten g1 to libeNl and rad1cal c_d 01 udl chWlO
It bullbullbull conaldarad of pnctieal nd theoretical intet to dtlII1 if
hatarogenalty 0 ttltuda toward elliou obJact exlted in ordinay
0DnOrtion corying IIlth ag and aducation If 0 thi would
relat ralilau attitud to thobullbull ound In other ar Of nuan 11a
n i thue the nl pua 0 hibullbulltucly to clIPitaU tha
preat crl1bullbull c~a -thln tha ~n Clic Church and data~e
i l1011U attituda do ind vary in ralation to a MCI acIuoaUon
It cana1drecl d bullbulllr~a to hold tha dr 0 raliiaue
ailiation and Uta Ie actor abullbullttlltl _ pbullbulllItl to teat I htl that th i ariatl wi thl -snaU_l popu1aU
Thi 1 accaplihad ~y bullbull1otlng a population or retUlarly churchmiddot
ttandlng Catholic Peopl 0- labal t~lea a Catholic --Ply
baaauaa c1a pau or ~cauaa 0 tradltiGMl aaeealaUo
thll aa11y with the Cathollc Church IUGh aUlatiM eM haldly ~
acceptllCl aa a I_t or tlUlt Church rattl 1 aac-Rc or
Cathollc bal1e and pneUo To 1M IU chaol a ehch l
population cannot takn pr 0 the Ject t or
MIL llut it at l_t ur that lUI 1 are 1ft touch
wi th the c occurring 1ft the Cahl1c Church and hat Utaa e
have _ io OIl ir liv d hence ar 1 u tIt_ at l bullbullt
In aft aanae 0 the te
statiUoaUy lJlllti the populatlon tie chWoh-attandera do
rave or tII vari_l11y that would ~ lUnd it he papulation
1 del a oiU 0 anyone who Oh the lallNtl 0 Catholic lut thibullbullWely 1 not ifttareatad ln rl1iy t attitud_
11
that lie u 11middot lIIIIk 1M
th4I It _ 1t1a M
IIau _11 VII1yent11 al n
__ UM fill bullbullbullbullbull
the of bullbullbull __ a_ _ _VtI u 1a _ _
_ catMUe JU1l1 till _ t_
aW
I MLlIICf
uu ta tuIIy abe r_ fit
at _II bull lell Ill It e
_u leila (1_)bull
bull Ii bullbullbullbull -- e __ IIUl 1bullbulltI iAtt bullbullbull __ (II Ia) ruu I Ill bullbullbull JMiwitlual _1 IdbullbullIt _ (p_
bull tud1 ell _ fill
1 bullbull11 _ IIIIB leU (I)
bull tuIIy 1 thU Cdtu_
thtIl ~ 1UaUea _ 1 __ de u_ bull cw (1 lis n_tat_ bull _ ~I
11 bullbull_tIbull N lieU __ t ad_ ia
U _ of the - cathu 1
-al t -u vI -1c1aI
t I bullbull 111 Itt cau poundMacIft lleDt tItle
~ d t h1e a1_
16
-- 1 __ lIeUa tha bullbullbullbullbull will lie
ale __ _ ____
Iel and 1~eto (1965) elM PDIt that Ute gnup lp
or the ilMnt Mould be ken lA_ 1ft _~tude ah
They ehawed tha JMta ~ to lawft ~ bullbullPI bull
(bullbulltal deairab111ty) and L (Ua) _1_ heR ttlbullbullI1-nt_ a
cauouc 1t traquo MAtIld ~lt bullbull IMotOh then he
la Accen1ng It thia tudy - adaln1aU 0 h tna~t
by a 11_t -ould both helIt iM thbullbullaUaldl1ty h
8IIIt CllDUiINt______in U u_ IIh1I1
CMAmlll
I Il1MODI - HIT 1
ml f It shyThe ~ 11 aU lie ounlRM 1
~ bullbull ___ ~ 1 -la 1ft the pu 111 nMlv _ Me
tutu bullu _ an1 will he
at h _ Al1_ Ml (1161) __ tn
u lilt nUU __ 1_ bull
a1 _ uu u - _v - - The pUM n bullbullbull _ PllMI11
s- 1 __ 1eWM _we ca
wI Uu_ _
at bullbullbullbullbullbull
lle bullbullbullntt bullbull W leW bull _ _ _
1___Uwa1 bullbullbullbullbullbull 1 he 1eahtaJ Uta __~
-Uuel bullbull_1 1 All 1 bull
111bullbull1 an MIa In ie
- Catlu cane 1ft U
1ft to W
_ t at u_ _ at u
11
mal tN _a AU tile
1 1ft thla e bull u bullt - tba or the
u __ fit 1Mt At Ut U the lUI t JuI n - hit dl__ ( lN1) 1111_
tnIlllllllJe _ alAe _tIl tWI 1ft dIdIIt
Ill 1 hi
W m they fit _t ~
u-au_ TN_ _ 101
I 1INUMd ampb _Ill II pel _U
_111 ~_ -1 _ In
he u- __ 1 ampII
- A 11_ the - _ 1 11 III _ h
- aa he
1 bPl _ u
lftIIIII fA ple
V cal __ - tutu 01
1IIdamp rtan tie bullbull or CltNl_ 1ft
bullbullbullbullM MUM --_
It _ bullbullbullbullbull ta _ 1Ile ull 1111
_til the 1 11 1ft eteh
U tMIlftIII Illcuit 81th
IIltly U lhatl bull ___ IIJ he r
I bull
a hen tid u tNnr
1- - dun __ _
-
Cathllll or al 1tIheIt 11 II -r shy_111M lap _ne
Oft hi 1 _1M _
1M 18 - _t __ lI1ruu
IIlll-Mlr nNaU h Md _ bullbullbull round to be _
(eo ~ ta _ NUl) eh
bull -Ill - - - r --t thin 1- 1111 rtl1 r he _
to 0 wil Nt U uat11
_ Ie ~ th_ hln _ _ u-I tdth bull WhIt to ttl l _ iii
1Ml 1 Chunh 18tV111 hbullbullbull_ All he 1_ eleaed -s Iftla In V h cU eW
Oft bull - II1Iu1al r
bullUIIy or -- 1_ (1 3 I _ 20T I lI 1bullbull 16 17 II
I nrua) ntUhIIII u bIlinl ~ - CUMll
Chunh The IIhu (It 1 It 6bullbullt 10 U U II I)
to ttl I bullbull tal cell
Chi_ hi 1-middot plaeed -l8JIea w tbu
10
_ - tiN
11bullbull1 a _ _ _- n () -1 tie _ bull 11
______hi bullbullbullbullbull _hi all__ JaI bull
_ nt (au tNII C
__ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullat _ taIIlil
I eu nbullbull Ml ___
a - Ilut - _ tMN JM1 _ and
-1 til ~ - bull I shy
abullbull IIM UIIt til h
rbullbull bullbull IIbullbull
I ___ 1II1et WIIl _ it_ -l nI
IIu 11 III - tN 11
_ al W I ilia Nt SIal M
ltI -d 1D Ud at au _
-111 s UIuIl _ lie autleWl 1M MUM
bull bullbullbull 1_ - _
_ at AU 1ft 1 of -
U _ ~ _tal petntSamp1 _
_ W ~bullbulld plPi_ in
tN Nel fit ~ he caubullbull n bullbullbull11 the 1M th _
t21 L ~ fMM - w_ fit (1) bullbullau _
21
itbout chng to p~t good dicrilnatlon alone the liberalshy
conervativ continuua ror pl In the rea or clrical dieiplinbull
ny Catholic ar eoncrnd with the prbullbullbullnt harta9 or clr9Y In
Catholic prih Thi uaually ratbullbullbull the quatian at clarical
clibcy Three it (2 11 and 15) perltt the rbullbullpondant to
diacrilnate bull 11ttle In 111 attitude toward hi tutUI ching Ite
11 bullbullrly ak it the chang to rrid clrlY 1bullbullIreable to the
rbullbullpendant It 2 bullbullk ir bull r bullbullpondnt thinka thi chang would rbullbullu1t
in lood bullbullrvic to peepl It 15 ineerpotbullbull the bullbullt rrquant
oent in the rirt two pilot tudibullbull whioh iapUbullbull tht thi chang
to nld clrgy llight raul t in battr bullbullrvic baerried
clrgy would hv bttr inaight into rly lir It i rbl to
ua tht bull preon ight ccapt bull chang to bull nid olrlY van
though bdobullbull not rbullbullbullbullbull it bullbull rbullbullu1ting in _d or bttr bullbullrvic but
bullbullrly beubullbull h d It noy to the bullbullitanc or the Churoh bullbull
h k it Hbullbullilht 10 think _nid clrgy auld 11v bttbullbull
bullbullbullvic or llight nat H could 10 think bullbullrried clrgy would liv
ltettr bullbullrvio but prrr the clibat olrlY h hebull awn cautDaad to
Thue 11 thr it hlp dicrillit bullbull r~ntmiddotbullbullttitud taad
thi chantbullbull
Th caaaant or dir r antbullbull180 indicted _ canebullbulln
over the poalUon cr woan in the Chuch T_ itbullbull tap thibullbull1bullbull cr
change It 1 chck the pandentmiddot tUtude to_rd bull intbullbulll
paUcipaUon by _en in worhlp nd it 15 chck hibullbulltUtUde toward
bull rl clrgy
It 16 and 18 both chok the bullbullbullpendant attitude t 1d the
ua_ of uthorlty in the Churoh Itaa 9 10 and 12 are all concrned
22
wi In hip U_ in he ChINh 1- 4 If 14
en bull __ _th he 1IffId1dU_ r the _ 111
Ute w ubullbullr u Ctweh all ani u hM
_ tile da 11bull CetMllM
th- tit~ _tdtIen W bull -Ia _
_ 1ft CNIlJ Ua ha en a _ I he
CltNIUL
f1M1 n lfI 1M Thl lnal _all _ leld Me lay -1At 11_ to 6U Calhal1M
~ vial 1A _1 parllh in I -n aagon au
DOIIPlated U 111 the allot tJu __1tIg tohl
II1ddla or tttl 111bullbull and _ __ -kad for a
~rr or tl rtlilU1ta
A epllt-halr nllelAlUbullbullaJG1ant Gtd tor the de
obtaineG nil heM tiO ta and _ tllUftd to be A co~relaU_
an thl uwn and t hal the 1Dampl __MIt
_ampI ou_ t bl ill
II IETMIDI NIT 11
Th Catall adahop ~I 1 tact
_1_ ta thl ftMa to any ar $tsa palJt 0 hI ____
the Itudy The filioo_ t lMIIJcI _ 0 catam 0
-J bull t 32 auINRlta _ parun ar he pa-__ Ira _U
1- than 20 tU ut ttbullbull fa bull la1 peJah_ and the
lan1 deAlcted that bull tnUfia_Una lan would orbullbull
23
bettr bull 1 or the population Th parihs wer dlvided into thr
group (1 - 200 rtltbullbull 201 - 00 r-111bullbull and 401 - 600 raillbullbull )
Dna parih each rroa the two larger group and our aall pariaha wr
randoaly bullbulllactad a the pl or par1h to bbullbullurv~ad Thue tha
ubJect contitut a randaa stretirid ple or the church-going
population or the R Catholic D10c of BIIcr Sinc thre 1 only
one Catholic paih in the bullbull1 town and ciUbullbull or E_tern OnIOn all
church10ing Catholic or th1 ara ar OlOad to worhip together thus
abullbulluring the bullbuller1llntr t t the vadablbullbull or 1Ig and ducation will
b rairly rprntativ or the entir Catholic population or the ar
The experientr a Cathol1c pribullbullt orrioiated at the regular
Sunday erv1cbullbull or the padshbullbull included in the ple During the tibullbull
in tha service regularly devoted to a eran he aked the u~r to pa
out copis or the attitude acale and pencil to bar or the
congregation Arter thbullbullbull -d been distributed the Eucpedantar read
the introductory paragraph or the quUonnair to the congregation H
requeted thelr cooplation in coapltiO the it and orr8led to
anwer any quetion when the elvice over Tanty ainut war
allotad to the subject ror coaplation of ttle attitude cal The
bullbullrvice _ concluded in the usual annel and the ePerinter anred
any quetion that c up
A and EdypaUal Lbullbulll bull
for the purpo anal ying the data or the tudy the ubJectbull
bullbullre dividd into thrbullbull aoe IIOUP and rour ducation 11OUP thus
living a _trix 0 t_lv call The age IIOUPbullbullbullr (1) Jct
24
btn IS-30 yar 0 ao (2) eubJaot btn 31-50 yar (3)
ubJct 51 yn 0 or oldr Thi dlvllon baed uan bullbullvnI
conidration ThbullbullubJeot in the irt ege group have lived aot or
thair livbullbull in a changing Catholic Church It i bullbull~acted that they
will be Muoh more accpting 0 change then the other groupbullbullince changa
1 1bullbullbull unuual to th Tha ubJact In the bullbullcand group havs pant
01 or their live in bull Church that did little changing end hence are
expected to b 1bullbullbull accepting Dr chang The third group Ul hava
pnt Much ora t1bullbull than ither 0 tha other group in an unchanging
rligiou atbullbullpher It i bullbull~ected that thy wiU b the t
conervativ group
The division 0 ducation into our lvelbullbullbullbullbullbulld the 8Ot
p~tical ro tha tandpoint at the gneral population to bbullbullurvayd
Gradbullbullchool high chaol __ ooUaobullbull Md a caplatad tour yaar
oollg education bullbullra oanaidred tha aibullbullt diviion to k in our
population aina they ak undratandable diviiona 01 the rapandania
lind each lavl oanUtutbullbull an appreciabl aducational dierenca Ya
at chool caplstad thue conatitutesour oparational dtinitian or
education
III PREOICTIONS
In the lioht 0 tha previous diacu ion and tha r bullbullult at tha
pilot tucUbullbull the allowing pred1ctiona bullbullre _dbullbull
1 Scarbullbull an the prbullbullant hal a the acale will b highr than
acorbullbull on the utuw halt Thi prdiction t bullbullted ith a tet
ror correlated data
2 Younger Catholic bullbullUl tend to be 01 liberal or accepting
25
tit _ A rtAun MIl ttl caul
latlaa _ ~ toe teet 1 ypo
J eav11bullbullbull111 Ie -_ r _
to u will with 1_ renal A _rn1eUon _
t w hy~bullbull
DtAPTII 111
TIIIIIle 1 vee the __ bull bullhe tUIIa Mample
bull bullbull1 lPtti A tnIl
lQM hi aW- II lO1S
_ ubullbullIe n leta _ bull
TM _ _ the -1 21
to iIIplrl _ the ~ _ bullbull _- p1Me
NI ten h
TIIIJ1e 1 v t 14 iD tile bull AVi tnI UlnaIbullbulldbullbull
aIl TNwe a I
hiIhl ~ tie Thi moa - cauu u ~
__u VIan U Ie The
bull _ MI a lea _
u- tee __ tqb
TM _ 1A TIIIIla 1 II at t _ u Uta _ 1M U ten_
- -
27
TAamppound J
bullbullEI or II POt DUCATl IIOUP
IIAI bull ntl anl1l8r 8CampI
Old ~ (a bull raquoa)(ft bull 113) (bullbull m)
middot ~~--~~~ - r---~~~ 2-l i I
~ i ~ ~ I )~--middot~---iimiddotmiddot---~~~middot~_~_~middotn i
I j II UI I bull III I n 11- i bull 124 I bull 111bull bull 84 I
~ 1
_-------middot4---middotmiddotmiddot_middot+------1
~ bull-1 n
bull bull 111 bull bull 116bull 10
-bull bull 121
1
(n bull UI)
shy
1
(a bull 3-)
cu (bullbull 2U)
bull mmiddot CoU
(a bull 17)
In fig 1 the mean IIOOfeamp or eech educUonal grC1lp 18 plotld
c)gd not dye Lowr scures middotIe indio gtl1vn of conE1rvatislII 8nll h bull gher
soor~s of 11b8ld eta Of groilolr cceptfnc1 of ot) nge Hmiddot~ d t et(JW b
tlf900 tOWfO mo EG libel 1 tti tUt19sin youngt respondentG 19
mi((UfII-gIH t~iQr 9croo1 gredudtas were just eligrtly more LblSral t n
tc younger ligl school QridIJt~S The corrsltion btlDaan 8core8 on
tilm dtitude 8cle finc -g9 was 51 Ulhich is atntist~cll) signifLclnt
t ttlpound bull 11 lsvsl TrG corrailttion between accres on tre attitud~3 scel~
1)nd age wlth educaration prtialled aut was 36 TNa younglill pelOjlla sro
SEHn to bs signlficanU) more accepting 01 change ttln older people
In fig 1 tt-a tH8n COrliS or each gloup ale plott td Il9Ilnet
th~ four Qduc~1tionEll 18113 Thli trend toward l1Il rEt liberal attitiJdo6
wi t ncroiJsnr F1iJCation is slimn in thfll graph Tta eorriltloUon butween
scar on tI~ GCelA ana echoicbull tion 118$ bull ti wlch is 8ignifiCtlnt (tt the
Jl lEtllel n~ corrsl~t1on betwgon scor on ttt~ IICel ~nd f4duQtton
lIIitt ugo pltrtiall~d out lIIes 3amp Thue edUcation is e~n to bil
signifiesntly relatQd to aecfgtptftMC8 at cr~ngo more aduc tad rlJsjJondpnts
tanding to ecclpt ctangua molS r9i11dil) th~in lee oducated 0098
Ttfl date Indice ted t~ilt tlere was no CIOfInlEltion bt~ttl1m1n )gc QItd
sducation (I -db) t Impling no overlap 1n the variance aoountilc for
by the two voriablas 80 a multiple R was computed The ~ultiple R
between 8cores on the acale and E)ge and education was bullbulla About 16
of the variance on ttese 8cores is trus predictablo from age and
education
A 1 test using the formula for carrelatad observations I UlliS done
on t9 deta from the future nd present t1Bllles of tg sc-ale T-e
bullbull
29
-~---------=l GJ8d Schaal bull 6 High School 0- __0
S COlla amiddotmiddotmiddota i
4 yra Collage bull ibull
G_ Amiddot 7- 0
bull bull - - 0 JI bullbull bull N
a
laquo
Old 1l1ddla
AGE
riquE 1 Ian acorbullbull on the attitude Bcele or the foul lIducaUone1 lavl plotted againet eg The highsr ths cors on the aeale the are liberal 01 accepting or change are the reapondenta
lJ
Did Jj a dIIle 0 0 Yatal Il- --D
11
bull
1 2 3
poundDUCATIObullbullL~V[LS
1M a bull _ne the ttltwde elbullbullr th thne poupe plt1M11 lwl The hlp Uw _ on the ele the _n 111 01 --URe or h nepond_e
31
1 - oMbullbullbull 36~)l (p lt 111) 1ndl0U auort tor th hypol
that Cthollcbullbullre _rbullbullcoepting or chabullbull alrdy lMt1 tutad than
they 1 of future hypothlzd chang
U lOR IlOllDUAL nos
S ot the 1t_ in the ttltudbullbullcalbullbullr8 ot bullbulldl Intt
btlcauae thf rtl~ot tUtudU r bull IMt iltpartnett in th
Cetllo110 Churgt todey Itbullbull 6 11 13 end 16 hev be n anAlyzlld
IIDrtl ull y than thtt othr And 1 preted 1n th U1 our
fgur to how th ulte In tr d taU ttaaa 6 11 and 13
wre ~ the uture pert 0 the 8cal and it 16 1 the prt
pert 0 th ace1
lba t
f lIUr8 3 the pnta or Meh I Ihel 111 th 1t_
bull (Dlvo-rrr1d Ctho1icbullbullhou1d b p~tted to raciv the
bullbullonu illy C-uon van though thlr bullbullaond urlbullbullbull
1 inval1d according to na~al tndard) Ovral 61 ot the
r bullbullpond t bullbullbullreed that 01 involved ln invalld 111hould
bbullbull11_0 to rbullbulliv the aat rlgur 3 that ln ach
group at l t ~a~ ot the repond ahaI thl preibullbulliv attltudbullbull
In the youngr ana _1 educatd lrouP _lIIOt 7b~ or ttl raepondant bull
bull xpl dlt with pnnt polley Svnty-toUl IGent or th
rnat wlth a 0011 eduoat1an agreed to bull changbullbullbull d1d 68)11 0 th r8apondant undr thirty y or bullbullbullbull
32
Old Yaung
I~-- -gt- bullbullbull
56~ 5~
- 1
7t~ ~ ~
f
_IDIUJ fiayenr 3 Thl pen_tag 1n ROh II 1-inI _th It 6 J_ 6 Dlvolc- llbd Catha110bull bull haul It t Icl n aact ( otal1r -Uftlon) bull theulh nll bullbull cencI_1 1 bull lavU aoollldl to --
Gbullbull SohaDl
Call
33
DIIl1 rl 4 vee theu1t 0 the VllY itbull U (PII
ehould _t U ta _fty) OvU 57j or the ehUloh
Cthollbullbull 1ft 1 bullbulltud) Ind1oat that th dl with the Cethol1
ChulGhf poUe) 0 bullbull1J_ 0 h al St __ 0 th IIhUlGh _th bull 1tecI DOn aU_ 111 w1~
t pall SJn 1M 0 h young - dl
with t polla) ~ the yaur Cathctll0 wih bull DOll
eduoatlon ~ dlred wlh th 01011 polle
Hau (leuI 5 tivu Ue peentege 1ft -h tIlI wUh
It_ 13 (__ t VI all__ 0 I bullbullU) A t
mt dl wlth hi U 1 eu t be yl that h would
1n evo 0 heving _1 aly Jn the Cthta1la Chunn uno to 81_
wlth th Ita bullbull p 1 to vo the prt peltAl i al
th data thet the bullbullt _Jult 0 to accept prlbullbull at hI U OwaU 16 C d with the
lOhl~ltlon 0 1 al) Thl t-wo proan or hdeft with a eoU eductaU 1I1d with he plOhUalUan 0 _11ft pl bullbull
EducaUan bull- to IIbullbull Ill to In eooep 0 __ pllbullbull
heft
ll a (1 6 V hlta D th MI_ on 1- 11 (To a
catholl0 It 1 ft to ta1n an ye 0 U elel nh
cantHI dvlo end the W th aontnl pill) Th data h at
34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
- Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and practices correlated with age and education
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bull rIel or IUDUAlt 111
be n t the c-s_ the ___i bull
C1e- Illttaeal Kllkpatl_ 1bullbull- y I 11bull
y S 11
I IIIa ItJR
I _ bull wi u I bullbullbullbullbull 1111
11 at 1
1_ tda aw at til
I ~ bull 1 lIRa 0 aIIMl
lat r Itd _ JII lr UWt1 _ the
111bullbull11 _ h I bullbullbullbull IAi I bullbull _ -
1Itampa or 1- _ bullIU __I
M __ U_ _s _ ~ I
s_
er a 1 u
TABLE or CONTENTS
AaclOlL[IIiI[ITS middot 111
LIST or TAIL[S
LIST OF ncLlft[s
middot middot
bull bull bull bull
bull bull middot
vll
atAPT[R
J IlTftOOUCTIOI bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull middot 1
ll111u Attltwdbullbull end General Attltud Rbullbullbullbullrch bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull middot
Soclal Rl1g1ou Atltud middot middot 6
A nd Eduction 1ft Socl1 nd Rlilau Attltud bull bull bull bull middot middot I
G-nl ChanctrlUce or the Pftftt Study bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 12
Sallancy 15
II PROCEDURE bullbullbull bull
-thod -Pal
bull
I
bull bull bull
bull bull
17
17
Scal eontructloft rl1 Flld Tbullbullt
_thode - Part II middot S_JctpoundlMntA nd tduatlona1 Lvel
bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull
v
QlAPTER PAGE
III RESULTS bull bull bull bull bull 26
Csnsrl Rsult bull 26
Sa Individual It bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 31
IV DISCUSSION AND IIPLICATION5 bull bull bull 38
Canerl Dicusion 38
Discubullbullion or Saa Individual It bull 41
Furthr Rbullbullbullbullrch Pobullbullibiliti bull bull 47
REFERENCES APPtIOIX S2
LIST Of TABLES
TABLE PAGE
I Nuber or Reepondent in Each Age end EdUcational
Group and Group Ian an Attitude Scale bull bull bull bull bull 27
LIST or FlClIIES
fIGURE PAGE
1
2
bull So an the ttl~ eaal or the rou eIItIatlone1 1 bullbullbulll plotd nat Th hilhel the 0 the 8Oal the 1111 0 bull 0cU 0 c 1 the Int bull bull bull bull bull bull
bull eaol_ 8ft the tUtudbullbullaal 0 the thlH lnup plotted _lnat duoaUOMl 1 Th hilhel the eoOI the eaal the _1 111bullbull181 1 colng 0 ohang 1 the Ieepondent bull bull bull bull bull bull
2
middot3
bullbull
Th PIC_tag In eh llOUP 1 wlh itbullbull 6 It_ 6 D1ve~lllad Catholl0 ahauld II peao1tad to eelbullbull thbullbullbulleent (01811) C-n1an) bullbullbull though thleoond _ITI 1 lalld oconll to ftOaal Und Th plo In eaoh IOUII dl_l with It_ 11 It_ 11 P l bullbulltbullbullhauld t all g ~y bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull
32
I Th pn 1ft MOh lroup di_l_l1 wi th It_ 13 It_ 13 I t It all_ad to bec_ l bullbullt bull bull 35
6 Th pen In HOh I d111 with It 16 It 16 To be bull CathoUc l 1 neee) to lft M) 0 MUlel81 b1 th a8ftt~l d10 and the IIllth GontlDl pill 36
ItmlllUCflM
In tIttt middoteWbull _ bullbullbull bullbull1
u _ __
a Itt bullbullW _ 11 __
_ the 1 ton
_ tUmiddot _ aM Je _
_ - ut aamp1 MUt le 1 bull _ _ or th_
lIIIUbullbullbulllate lit 1 101) (Aun lnt)
_to at Itud I __a _tal bull
at to 11 1_ 1 t p2ftt bullbull flW ~_
-tin tt a in tet _t -1Wt __ bullbull__ ttte rat w 1 aftu_ ttl
bull tuel tIuIt de _ bullbullbull1 IalUty _tltllly
Al_1NIh l ~ed ltodbullbullUy bullbullbull 80M _ -
11111_1 Mil 0 rUn the i
11y i Itbull wo UftUl pnt tMN 11
Id u ptibullbull 1_
etu -1_tl 1_
bull albullbullbullbulll t lIeU Irw UtIbull
bullbullbulltlll __ U 111 th
bull WIll_ tU-
1tda w UIIII ln cal __ ttl _
lalU_ at u _ t I I All (1m) Ja _ u -u ~ or t taed
11uaebull dllUI dbull tftflvtrMe
he iMl_JAIlUaltbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull til u e1Uu_ 11th WdOh
It 11 18 bull Knoh tNnald (INa) lft Utat
bull _ 11MaUM r _UU_l --1 1 1M tilt
t lIIIU~ ~1tt lau MIl lteut (lftl) 1111
UuIita iMSVSlbullbullbullbull _ 0 bullbull1
WU_ UQ _ 0- tueu_u_
tWe JIIIIn en stu to Id a
bull _ -ta _ ial ~ bullbullbullbullbullbull tifta bullbulla_
_to 1 ua1e dla1IIIU1ahad an attltuda tJb111h la bull hbull uul _to to
_ bullbull _ a w __ a el III n t _ ~
U 1e lie _ n -i__u at V
1amplJIII (K-a JIIWa ampaU 1n3)
he ~ 111 _
-1 __ atut at
I
11 bullbullbull I fet nbullbull_
II
u -lbullbullbullM r -J wltIlt
elf tda llUtat fila Ie IIIIlI
t_ at tU 1IIVal err 1Ml
JllllaUt lit fit
til u s lie JupUr _ IIOUDM (C aM 1) bull
11 eM bullbullbullbull _Wi ubull alIA fI Ju u a-l_ shy
ilr aM _
-u A _ bullbullbullbull1_ It __ bullbullbull1amp811 wetul ampIt
VltaU MIl lte at
bullbull1_ 1bullbull11
bull IIllAl a (I 111 1110)
1 Ie aW tile
1 ia at I 1_ f1da u 1 nl bullbull
_- til __
0IIIIIlIInalIbullbull MIl s 1ha __ _ _ tie
u _ nbullbull Ia -1_ ubullbull A 11 or nu 9IPbullbullbullbullbull (1amp
CIIIII_ IIIUbullbull lMt) Ia _ __
_deaau __-1M tile
U The ---11bullbull (Iaa tetlllnd lilt) tMt
at tievttlIIp - 1tha1
gaala 1bullbullbullUtudu 1~ 1ft the rarnie 4M1wWual __bull Ttda II ~ u of
__ _ tUw eM _ U of
at Uudee 1 11) tha eft ri 1e
___ iftdlvll ___a at tNt
TIMt _ttude en Uta iMlitIual
1 U ellbull tie the bull of etU 18
1 Ut lMtpl a ana ( 1
15) The _1ft th_ -1 bullbull
aA _ bull -__1tue- u 1
bullbullUw reI thw l
n an 1 ~ Ia lead1lll
U_ A _1 0 a-U- Me
aM _ftllld _t ubullbull 0 la pmubullbull -IY Inall the ea_ I
pp t01 I itt ~
__ by _ ttovlMd hi _n_ ( bull 1M - albullbull
lt53r CaU 1915) at the -JR liN of ttt1
vi Jt 1bullbullt1ault ti oonolta_ the le
-bull bull t 1bullbulltlan t __iII_ VI pnMl_bullbull and
explaMt1_ ft 11 olotJ 0 lD1l1ft1111
1111 bullbull 1 heIa1 r__18a UtI Ift 0 lat
to 1eIII1d
the WId or -111bullbullbullu __ 1 ptIItl_
111 the tude rbullbull 1fIIIk bull III a_ aeo1a1 _au hlJtl-~= 111
_ 1 bull the flbullbullr nJJt1-
_ MU 1au ~ ( 1)
-- aitua __
bullbullbull -r alettbullbull II -lJt1- va bullbullbullbullbull __ Dr u u uuaa1l ~d-eltllale _ 1a 11 -e 1 bullbull11 the ala or u u _lta bullbull_J IIM _la pa___ or __ foaaula bull-__ v ___ bull lIMn tIItlr at _1ftIau aUl I the ar a or u bullbullUll _ft 1l1libull -uu at _ _-1 -1 bull hytHlttt or -l _upI (P 1M)bull
ttl-- _ to
~ Ute _ or ttta tete _ bullbull to J_ hie 1J1IeIt _
_al fJI 1Ih1lta 1An__ tAl
IU v 1aM_ IIUIIIh _ 1111- _all _
1 ~ 1 - bull Ja r _douD 1i1i1_ Iheu1II
bullbullbull__ v_ ta 1 nlJtiauebull t
lWllaa __ un_u U eualr bullbullbull lie
an W ft uuu 1 _Jaw 1
6
It IICIM _ ani
ltw _lal u 111 bull _hibull
1Una n -1 in --
an 11 _Uett __ __tIht_ help in
bull 1 bullbullbull- ll _til la
II) 1 _ wl tit - n toIMJ -lC _
w lad _ u_ 1 alwaUaa
HI __1 _ II aU Ut1e _lt1l -uti- tIM __ Ult
~ (1dI_ al HIO)
A f _ ttlw
bull bullbull11 __ _ bullbull1
_ __ Itl I ttthl bullbull laW
) Ie bullbull -Jitle-
__1 te_ bull til -11tshy
sa re aU 1M n IIAe
u _ IRI y1_ 1 dt
_ u uaa la 1Id
- fit _
_ til at all u 8 _ 1 om - altieal or N _ bullbullbullbull
1a te t u dI ult1thlR
1
Chdau ehunh _1 Ja u III a
1 bullbullbullbull-iftI tU 1M _t-iaUu 1IIel11111-- U_ aN lautt
trr the 11111 1 - n Aibullbull1 I _ aM
___ Ie tit _ ua ~ u pea
_11fbullbullbull bull __ 111 al 111 at bull
auv It 1e aU- _111
~ _ aw (1M2) bullbullad
-1 ~pat 11-_ _ 1ft ill tuIIy
__Ill
1MIebullbull_ wi _ -181 __ ~
Ie - 1IlUtl shy
Ute 1bull a __ I bullbullbull __ at au_ TIlle Itt_ ul us -
ua _ 11111 ur a lipid -_ 1 _ at I ~ 1
1 _ _~ __0 I aM 11bullbull 1ft
_ly Qdha110 a UICt1y 1a Utleal
bull -uu vUt1aJ I 170 _ Ute
or -l U bullbulllee Ud
LE bullbull1_ _ U rabull
bull U-1 1II8llUea1 er ct _
UU_ the _ t _ -urbull the _ -111 tit 1aU_ C1 U _
_ t~ ia bull hiuU
bull
bull Dull (1169) bullbullbull_ - _
_ _ the -l canebullbull - 1IIdel ~ JaIl
Slshy Uv _ cut_
I Ia bullbullbull VI2I1 _W N ___ bullbullPAI II 1IItJ_1 11_ IUln Iot _ the 1 tINt IIbull rat bullt _u-l 4SU bull _ bull bullbullbullbullbullft41 fII ~ bullbullbull1 bull _ill bullbullrlbullbullbull _tAlA hili III 1amp vbulla C _ra _ cu II h tide al ello bullbull bull bullbullbull jteUMI 1etIlM r I - _ul1 ad cttU 1 _ _ lJaI lUAlMll C_ (p 1ft)bull
__ _ fit ff1Au1 Alll
u t _ _ _ _al_
lIa It cttUa _ ~
efl bull cl ttlbull bull u _ fII _ __ It in the Ill CI IDlnR cau _ II __ _ __ ea __ -- 1lIeU WtHU P _ 1 of llllUat Ute III _ tile - _ u u bullbullbullbull1__ u tIIua la of u _ _Ie itt aubull u bull bullbullUb tltSe bullbull w M I11 _ _ el__U rashyt cbullbull)
- t 01 cau or wth ell tIltII tit -tal
u I ___ ampeIl- bullbullbullbullbull bull ft _ _ Ute bullbullbullIal ttI
(ItO) _It_ tit _ r bull u-
_ cata1kl_ r ial MI l _ __
the rena or ur 1tl-1 _
T UftCu_ lflaftUFlU etMlf can atullito -1) tIMlla ttt _Dla _ by ttta 11bull 1M cUrt t 1a DaU ft _atoleMl au_ II bU _tbu athbull a at middotU _ Ubullbullbull 111-1 til I bull-1tva ta hn 1_- t bull aun do __tuft fII Cetttel181aabull _ tlly 0middot the ctftaU Ctt la 1M 1ft bullbull ftde ot ita U1_ fillbull ua n Cabullbulllie Qwnb _ _Ub peUUal JIIln _ Will ___ CeHmiddot _ teI laUMII aybull pl 1 U ashy Ja ur ianbullbullbullIf rau w the ne lob -Uti- I bull oul ala _ uu lewd_ Ie raew De tha btalp Uu Cathell Jtlursu_ t _ __
__ Catllelt8 cma UIceU
ttw_ rabullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull 1Me 1 _
Ie tlOftll Jaftmiddot the at-Ullft ( 101) bull
1lU ca1 a the 11 U IIIIlAIW
ala1ll alUlauF _ _I-a ) 1Ml1Md lWI
III MD dUCATI lit IICIIL AlIt) 1EUtIIbullbull A1fmtlll
a t __ 1 - --Uta- bullbull nlaUaattip t at
_ law_uaa _th nU 1a
ta ~ wiUl It I -JHUve aeoid lie
raquo -It _ MtatRl W _ at __
~ or 11111- leU 1
lIeUs- -- nUt1- - shy
1dta1 bullbull Ue MIl _tal 11
tftalel1ll - F title ___ 111 laWaet w ~_ tile ulllltlbull U_ till _
eU ~t u _ bullbullbullbullt __ _lal
-- -~
_a u _ 1Iut lute aU_ a _ U_
la _ bullbullbullbull181 _deIaIa fa Ute ~ __
Ie aU fit - Uta AU 111 til
u u _ bullm aM _
ampII II UtI
y Ie lNIl-a
wiU _ It 1 _uti 1111)
Cl1 (UII) t __ ta ll I li11
thH 11111 lie middotmiddot1Atl__d to bullbullbullbull tl1a poUUl
11 01_ he II III tIda Ie
bull u bullbullbullbull II c (INI)
tIIebull -J ~
11
tlaat sa iM W II
-a ampttl- JIl eWebull
- 1_ 1 Ja U 11 aItI
pbullbullle de 1 s err _ 1_ ~bullbull 1913)
11debullbull __ bullbullbullbull t bull u at 11 ca lSI)bull
1 (1111) bullbullbullbullbullbull 11_ t -
bullbullbullbulld _ JJItInl Ja nI bull U _ fI 7bulla
t -1 1a W
1lt III8UtI a thbull bullbullbullbullbull_ l Utbullbull la tile
_ ell_ a bull
-1 u aU_ 1 ltIUeillue WIr u- Ja catM1te
CItunIl
Sa d_ eampwlUaau __ lit u 1 lie 81-1 a1 -leu or VI_ bull ill Ul It all
u un _ --_ at peUUea1 aal shy
_ It __bull tun eM W tilbullbullbullbullbull1111
(It11) -- 1At 1
tha _ dl_ h ru~
tel - I bullbullW fit __
u wa pauJa _ It hie _ til
ISbullbull M- IeIIa_ lila
u III _ titbullbull I __ lIIdllen __Us 1M
Uu uftly
n Ie __ t bull ve _taU_
~ Uu Jft _ UIl-- tll_ staa-k
(12) ntlltl-- tU wan tvu at u ft bull _ b (1_) MIl
n ttl II Clatholad u _ bullbull t-- II -u-1 lawIl u_ Uvel
I 1a t tha 0 nllp_ nU
u1 dlffteu1U te A 11 ft th (0_ 1) bullbullu 111 Ie __
briefl til ~ lda flit ___bull leUtlshy
1 na _11bull lite -lUUet r NI1t1_ bull
to dudI dt18u1t ~
(1161) u _DUlti Ita atudl_ w tile bull -l1 _u lIIdr
- tudy ill _tit nil tIel1i the eue__
tlltIII he t IP hi theeI) atItJ1_ liIIDe
tn 1e bull _ CIIthell pleat 11a
_ cathoU___ 11 a teHt ta _ bull
tatuUbullbullshy tl the dbullbulld bull 11_
-tdaI It 1n the __ poundIIhU Ounh hila
13
Th v~iabl 0 age nd duction w~ chobullbulln bullbull th 0 pa~ticulu int~bullbullt Th popultion ra whioh the bullbullpl in the
p~bullbulllIftt tudy i dnwn oonit 0 -11 parthbullbull d bullbulloh paih
contin popl 0 11 age and ductional lvlbullbullinc the~ i only
on p~ih in ach loction Thue th~ i no pobullbullibi1ity 0 peop1
g on duotional 1vl o~ ag lvl wo~hipp1ng and int~acting bullbull
bull bullbullprat ~l1g1au group The popultiDn thu to bbullbull auitabl
on in which to t bullbullt the hypathbullbulli that ligioubullbullttitudbullbull v~y w1th
age nd duction
sbullbullbulltudibullbullbull~ piW only t givn ta Stau~middot (1955)
tudy 0 cCa~thyi_ and r ting~ Rick and Sohchw (156)
tudy 0 ~ligiou c~ii could only b dona t tibullbullbull when the ph_
to b invbullbullt1gtd o~ed t~bullbulllvaa to the ob~v Today tu~o11
ov~ changbullbull in the II Ctho1ic C~ch to o~ thi typo
oppo~tun1ty to the pnt ~bullbullbullbull~ch~ Chang i the tt~ 0 g~t bullbullt
concm in the Catholic Chu~ch t pnt Ctwt will b optionally
dfined ro~ the pu~_ 0 thi invbullbulltigtion bullbull any a1t~1ng or beli
o~ practic aong catholic that ha takn p1c 1n the pbullbullt t ty
ybullbull~ o~ i bullbullted o~ the o~bullbullabl utu~bullbull
Sinc the ch taking plac CDv~ Mfty pha bullbullbull 0 Ctho1ic li
it bullbull conaided pobullbulliIl1 to contNct bullbullcal 0 it ~latd to
thbullbullbull changbullbull and uabullbull p~aanbullbullco~ on thibullbullca1 indicto~
0 hibullbullttitudbullbull t ~ thbullbullbull chang ro~ the pu~pobullbullbull 0 thibullbulltudy
bull 1ib1 w optiona11y dined on who avo~bullbull chang and bull
contrvat1vbullbullbull on who oppobullbullbull chang The 1ib~-conbullbullrvativ
continuUII i otn on wed in rligioubullbullttitud r~ch (Ii 1965)
and i bull ci11y lIPP~opdtbullbullinc HUg10n i l1y conid~d
10
a conaarativa oc1al forc aut thi 1 not ly true and religiau
backing 1 otten g1 to libeNl and rad1cal c_d 01 udl chWlO
It bullbullbull conaldarad of pnctieal nd theoretical intet to dtlII1 if
hatarogenalty 0 ttltuda toward elliou obJact exlted in ordinay
0DnOrtion corying IIlth ag and aducation If 0 thi would
relat ralilau attitud to thobullbull ound In other ar Of nuan 11a
n i thue the nl pua 0 hibullbulltucly to clIPitaU tha
preat crl1bullbull c~a -thln tha ~n Clic Church and data~e
i l1011U attituda do ind vary in ralation to a MCI acIuoaUon
It cana1drecl d bullbulllr~a to hold tha dr 0 raliiaue
ailiation and Uta Ie actor abullbullttlltl _ pbullbulllItl to teat I htl that th i ariatl wi thl -snaU_l popu1aU
Thi 1 accaplihad ~y bullbull1otlng a population or retUlarly churchmiddot
ttandlng Catholic Peopl 0- labal t~lea a Catholic --Ply
baaauaa c1a pau or ~cauaa 0 tradltiGMl aaeealaUo
thll aa11y with the Cathollc Church IUGh aUlatiM eM haldly ~
acceptllCl aa a I_t or tlUlt Church rattl 1 aac-Rc or
Cathollc bal1e and pneUo To 1M IU chaol a ehch l
population cannot takn pr 0 the Ject t or
MIL llut it at l_t ur that lUI 1 are 1ft touch
wi th the c occurring 1ft the Cahl1c Church and hat Utaa e
have _ io OIl ir liv d hence ar 1 u tIt_ at l bullbullt
In aft aanae 0 the te
statiUoaUy lJlllti the populatlon tie chWoh-attandera do
rave or tII vari_l11y that would ~ lUnd it he papulation
1 del a oiU 0 anyone who Oh the lallNtl 0 Catholic lut thibullbullWely 1 not ifttareatad ln rl1iy t attitud_
11
that lie u 11middot lIIIIk 1M
th4I It _ 1t1a M
IIau _11 VII1yent11 al n
__ UM fill bullbullbullbullbull
the of bullbullbull __ a_ _ _VtI u 1a _ _
_ catMUe JU1l1 till _ t_
aW
I MLlIICf
uu ta tuIIy abe r_ fit
at _II bull lell Ill It e
_u leila (1_)bull
bull Ii bullbullbullbull -- e __ IIUl 1bullbulltI iAtt bullbullbull __ (II Ia) ruu I Ill bullbullbull JMiwitlual _1 IdbullbullIt _ (p_
bull tud1 ell _ fill
1 bullbull11 _ IIIIB leU (I)
bull tuIIy 1 thU Cdtu_
thtIl ~ 1UaUea _ 1 __ de u_ bull cw (1 lis n_tat_ bull _ ~I
11 bullbull_tIbull N lieU __ t ad_ ia
U _ of the - cathu 1
-al t -u vI -1c1aI
t I bullbull 111 Itt cau poundMacIft lleDt tItle
~ d t h1e a1_
16
-- 1 __ lIeUa tha bullbullbullbullbull will lie
ale __ _ ____
Iel and 1~eto (1965) elM PDIt that Ute gnup lp
or the ilMnt Mould be ken lA_ 1ft _~tude ah
They ehawed tha JMta ~ to lawft ~ bullbullPI bull
(bullbulltal deairab111ty) and L (Ua) _1_ heR ttlbullbullI1-nt_ a
cauouc 1t traquo MAtIld ~lt bullbull IMotOh then he
la Accen1ng It thia tudy - adaln1aU 0 h tna~t
by a 11_t -ould both helIt iM thbullbullaUaldl1ty h
8IIIt CllDUiINt______in U u_ IIh1I1
CMAmlll
I Il1MODI - HIT 1
ml f It shyThe ~ 11 aU lie ounlRM 1
~ bullbull ___ ~ 1 -la 1ft the pu 111 nMlv _ Me
tutu bullu _ an1 will he
at h _ Al1_ Ml (1161) __ tn
u lilt nUU __ 1_ bull
a1 _ uu u - _v - - The pUM n bullbullbull _ PllMI11
s- 1 __ 1eWM _we ca
wI Uu_ _
at bullbullbullbullbullbull
lle bullbullbullntt bullbull W leW bull _ _ _
1___Uwa1 bullbullbullbullbullbull 1 he 1eahtaJ Uta __~
-Uuel bullbull_1 1 All 1 bull
111bullbull1 an MIa In ie
- Catlu cane 1ft U
1ft to W
_ t at u_ _ at u
11
mal tN _a AU tile
1 1ft thla e bull u bullt - tba or the
u __ fit 1Mt At Ut U the lUI t JuI n - hit dl__ ( lN1) 1111_
tnIlllllllJe _ alAe _tIl tWI 1ft dIdIIt
Ill 1 hi
W m they fit _t ~
u-au_ TN_ _ 101
I 1INUMd ampb _Ill II pel _U
_111 ~_ -1 _ In
he u- __ 1 ampII
- A 11_ the - _ 1 11 III _ h
- aa he
1 bPl _ u
lftIIIII fA ple
V cal __ - tutu 01
1IIdamp rtan tie bullbull or CltNl_ 1ft
bullbullbullbullM MUM --_
It _ bullbullbullbullbull ta _ 1Ile ull 1111
_til the 1 11 1ft eteh
U tMIlftIII Illcuit 81th
IIltly U lhatl bull ___ IIJ he r
I bull
a hen tid u tNnr
1- - dun __ _
-
Cathllll or al 1tIheIt 11 II -r shy_111M lap _ne
Oft hi 1 _1M _
1M 18 - _t __ lI1ruu
IIlll-Mlr nNaU h Md _ bullbullbull round to be _
(eo ~ ta _ NUl) eh
bull -Ill - - - r --t thin 1- 1111 rtl1 r he _
to 0 wil Nt U uat11
_ Ie ~ th_ hln _ _ u-I tdth bull WhIt to ttl l _ iii
1Ml 1 Chunh 18tV111 hbullbullbull_ All he 1_ eleaed -s Iftla In V h cU eW
Oft bull - II1Iu1al r
bullUIIy or -- 1_ (1 3 I _ 20T I lI 1bullbull 16 17 II
I nrua) ntUhIIII u bIlinl ~ - CUMll
Chunh The IIhu (It 1 It 6bullbullt 10 U U II I)
to ttl I bullbull tal cell
Chi_ hi 1-middot plaeed -l8JIea w tbu
10
_ - tiN
11bullbull1 a _ _ _- n () -1 tie _ bull 11
______hi bullbullbullbullbull _hi all__ JaI bull
_ nt (au tNII C
__ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullat _ taIIlil
I eu nbullbull Ml ___
a - Ilut - _ tMN JM1 _ and
-1 til ~ - bull I shy
abullbull IIM UIIt til h
rbullbull bullbull IIbullbull
I ___ 1II1et WIIl _ it_ -l nI
IIu 11 III - tN 11
_ al W I ilia Nt SIal M
ltI -d 1D Ud at au _
-111 s UIuIl _ lie autleWl 1M MUM
bull bullbullbull 1_ - _
_ at AU 1ft 1 of -
U _ ~ _tal petntSamp1 _
_ W ~bullbulld plPi_ in
tN Nel fit ~ he caubullbull n bullbullbull11 the 1M th _
t21 L ~ fMM - w_ fit (1) bullbullau _
21
itbout chng to p~t good dicrilnatlon alone the liberalshy
conervativ continuua ror pl In the rea or clrical dieiplinbull
ny Catholic ar eoncrnd with the prbullbullbullnt harta9 or clr9Y In
Catholic prih Thi uaually ratbullbullbull the quatian at clarical
clibcy Three it (2 11 and 15) perltt the rbullbullpondant to
diacrilnate bull 11ttle In 111 attitude toward hi tutUI ching Ite
11 bullbullrly ak it the chang to rrid clrlY 1bullbullIreable to the
rbullbullpendant It 2 bullbullk ir bull r bullbullpondnt thinka thi chang would rbullbullu1t
in lood bullbullrvic to peepl It 15 ineerpotbullbull the bullbullt rrquant
oent in the rirt two pilot tudibullbull whioh iapUbullbull tht thi chang
to nld clrgy llight raul t in battr bullbullrvic baerried
clrgy would hv bttr inaight into rly lir It i rbl to
ua tht bull preon ight ccapt bull chang to bull nid olrlY van
though bdobullbull not rbullbullbullbullbull it bullbull rbullbullu1ting in _d or bttr bullbullrvic but
bullbullrly beubullbull h d It noy to the bullbullitanc or the Churoh bullbull
h k it Hbullbullilht 10 think _nid clrgy auld 11v bttbullbull
bullbullbullvic or llight nat H could 10 think bullbullrried clrgy would liv
ltettr bullbullrvio but prrr the clibat olrlY h hebull awn cautDaad to
Thue 11 thr it hlp dicrillit bullbull r~ntmiddotbullbullttitud taad
thi chantbullbull
Th caaaant or dir r antbullbull180 indicted _ canebullbulln
over the poalUon cr woan in the Chuch T_ itbullbull tap thibullbull1bullbull cr
change It 1 chck the pandentmiddot tUtude to_rd bull intbullbulll
paUcipaUon by _en in worhlp nd it 15 chck hibullbulltUtUde toward
bull rl clrgy
It 16 and 18 both chok the bullbullbullpendant attitude t 1d the
ua_ of uthorlty in the Churoh Itaa 9 10 and 12 are all concrned
22
wi In hip U_ in he ChINh 1- 4 If 14
en bull __ _th he 1IffId1dU_ r the _ 111
Ute w ubullbullr u Ctweh all ani u hM
_ tile da 11bull CetMllM
th- tit~ _tdtIen W bull -Ia _
_ 1ft CNIlJ Ua ha en a _ I he
CltNIUL
f1M1 n lfI 1M Thl lnal _all _ leld Me lay -1At 11_ to 6U Calhal1M
~ vial 1A _1 parllh in I -n aagon au
DOIIPlated U 111 the allot tJu __1tIg tohl
II1ddla or tttl 111bullbull and _ __ -kad for a
~rr or tl rtlilU1ta
A epllt-halr nllelAlUbullbullaJG1ant Gtd tor the de
obtaineG nil heM tiO ta and _ tllUftd to be A co~relaU_
an thl uwn and t hal the 1Dampl __MIt
_ampI ou_ t bl ill
II IETMIDI NIT 11
Th Catall adahop ~I 1 tact
_1_ ta thl ftMa to any ar $tsa palJt 0 hI ____
the Itudy The filioo_ t lMIIJcI _ 0 catam 0
-J bull t 32 auINRlta _ parun ar he pa-__ Ira _U
1- than 20 tU ut ttbullbull fa bull la1 peJah_ and the
lan1 deAlcted that bull tnUfia_Una lan would orbullbull
23
bettr bull 1 or the population Th parihs wer dlvided into thr
group (1 - 200 rtltbullbull 201 - 00 r-111bullbull and 401 - 600 raillbullbull )
Dna parih each rroa the two larger group and our aall pariaha wr
randoaly bullbulllactad a the pl or par1h to bbullbullurv~ad Thue tha
ubJect contitut a randaa stretirid ple or the church-going
population or the R Catholic D10c of BIIcr Sinc thre 1 only
one Catholic paih in the bullbull1 town and ciUbullbull or E_tern OnIOn all
church10ing Catholic or th1 ara ar OlOad to worhip together thus
abullbulluring the bullbuller1llntr t t the vadablbullbull or 1Ig and ducation will
b rairly rprntativ or the entir Catholic population or the ar
The experientr a Cathol1c pribullbullt orrioiated at the regular
Sunday erv1cbullbull or the padshbullbull included in the ple During the tibullbull
in tha service regularly devoted to a eran he aked the u~r to pa
out copis or the attitude acale and pencil to bar or the
congregation Arter thbullbullbull -d been distributed the Eucpedantar read
the introductory paragraph or the quUonnair to the congregation H
requeted thelr cooplation in coapltiO the it and orr8led to
anwer any quetion when the elvice over Tanty ainut war
allotad to the subject ror coaplation of ttle attitude cal The
bullbullrvice _ concluded in the usual annel and the ePerinter anred
any quetion that c up
A and EdypaUal Lbullbulll bull
for the purpo anal ying the data or the tudy the ubJectbull
bullbullre dividd into thrbullbull aoe IIOUP and rour ducation 11OUP thus
living a _trix 0 t_lv call The age IIOUPbullbullbullr (1) Jct
24
btn IS-30 yar 0 ao (2) eubJaot btn 31-50 yar (3)
ubJct 51 yn 0 or oldr Thi dlvllon baed uan bullbullvnI
conidration ThbullbullubJeot in the irt ege group have lived aot or
thair livbullbull in a changing Catholic Church It i bullbull~acted that they
will be Muoh more accpting 0 change then the other groupbullbullince changa
1 1bullbullbull unuual to th Tha ubJact In the bullbullcand group havs pant
01 or their live in bull Church that did little changing end hence are
expected to b 1bullbullbull accepting Dr chang The third group Ul hava
pnt Much ora t1bullbull than ither 0 tha other group in an unchanging
rligiou atbullbullpher It i bullbull~ected that thy wiU b the t
conervativ group
The division 0 ducation into our lvelbullbullbullbullbullbulld the 8Ot
p~tical ro tha tandpoint at the gneral population to bbullbullurvayd
Gradbullbullchool high chaol __ ooUaobullbull Md a caplatad tour yaar
oollg education bullbullra oanaidred tha aibullbullt diviion to k in our
population aina they ak undratandable diviiona 01 the rapandania
lind each lavl oanUtutbullbull an appreciabl aducational dierenca Ya
at chool caplstad thue conatitutesour oparational dtinitian or
education
III PREOICTIONS
In the lioht 0 tha previous diacu ion and tha r bullbullult at tha
pilot tucUbullbull the allowing pred1ctiona bullbullre _dbullbull
1 Scarbullbull an the prbullbullant hal a the acale will b highr than
acorbullbull on the utuw halt Thi prdiction t bullbullted ith a tet
ror correlated data
2 Younger Catholic bullbullUl tend to be 01 liberal or accepting
25
tit _ A rtAun MIl ttl caul
latlaa _ ~ toe teet 1 ypo
J eav11bullbullbull111 Ie -_ r _
to u will with 1_ renal A _rn1eUon _
t w hy~bullbull
DtAPTII 111
TIIIIIle 1 vee the __ bull bullhe tUIIa Mample
bull bullbull1 lPtti A tnIl
lQM hi aW- II lO1S
_ ubullbullIe n leta _ bull
TM _ _ the -1 21
to iIIplrl _ the ~ _ bullbull _- p1Me
NI ten h
TIIIJ1e 1 v t 14 iD tile bull AVi tnI UlnaIbullbulldbullbull
aIl TNwe a I
hiIhl ~ tie Thi moa - cauu u ~
__u VIan U Ie The
bull _ MI a lea _
u- tee __ tqb
TM _ 1A TIIIIla 1 II at t _ u Uta _ 1M U ten_
- -
27
TAamppound J
bullbullEI or II POt DUCATl IIOUP
IIAI bull ntl anl1l8r 8CampI
Old ~ (a bull raquoa)(ft bull 113) (bullbull m)
middot ~~--~~~ - r---~~~ 2-l i I
~ i ~ ~ I )~--middot~---iimiddotmiddot---~~~middot~_~_~middotn i
I j II UI I bull III I n 11- i bull 124 I bull 111bull bull 84 I
~ 1
_-------middot4---middotmiddotmiddot_middot+------1
~ bull-1 n
bull bull 111 bull bull 116bull 10
-bull bull 121
1
(n bull UI)
shy
1
(a bull 3-)
cu (bullbull 2U)
bull mmiddot CoU
(a bull 17)
In fig 1 the mean IIOOfeamp or eech educUonal grC1lp 18 plotld
c)gd not dye Lowr scures middotIe indio gtl1vn of conE1rvatislII 8nll h bull gher
soor~s of 11b8ld eta Of groilolr cceptfnc1 of ot) nge Hmiddot~ d t et(JW b
tlf900 tOWfO mo EG libel 1 tti tUt19sin youngt respondentG 19
mi((UfII-gIH t~iQr 9croo1 gredudtas were just eligrtly more LblSral t n
tc younger ligl school QridIJt~S The corrsltion btlDaan 8core8 on
tilm dtitude 8cle finc -g9 was 51 Ulhich is atntist~cll) signifLclnt
t ttlpound bull 11 lsvsl TrG corrailttion between accres on tre attitud~3 scel~
1)nd age wlth educaration prtialled aut was 36 TNa younglill pelOjlla sro
SEHn to bs signlficanU) more accepting 01 change ttln older people
In fig 1 tt-a tH8n COrliS or each gloup ale plott td Il9Ilnet
th~ four Qduc~1tionEll 18113 Thli trend toward l1Il rEt liberal attitiJdo6
wi t ncroiJsnr F1iJCation is slimn in thfll graph Tta eorriltloUon butween
scar on tI~ GCelA ana echoicbull tion 118$ bull ti wlch is 8ignifiCtlnt (tt the
Jl lEtllel n~ corrsl~t1on betwgon scor on ttt~ IICel ~nd f4duQtton
lIIitt ugo pltrtiall~d out lIIes 3amp Thue edUcation is e~n to bil
signifiesntly relatQd to aecfgtptftMC8 at cr~ngo more aduc tad rlJsjJondpnts
tanding to ecclpt ctangua molS r9i11dil) th~in lee oducated 0098
Ttfl date Indice ted t~ilt tlere was no CIOfInlEltion bt~ttl1m1n )gc QItd
sducation (I -db) t Impling no overlap 1n the variance aoountilc for
by the two voriablas 80 a multiple R was computed The ~ultiple R
between 8cores on the acale and E)ge and education was bullbulla About 16
of the variance on ttese 8cores is trus predictablo from age and
education
A 1 test using the formula for carrelatad observations I UlliS done
on t9 deta from the future nd present t1Bllles of tg sc-ale T-e
bullbull
29
-~---------=l GJ8d Schaal bull 6 High School 0- __0
S COlla amiddotmiddotmiddota i
4 yra Collage bull ibull
G_ Amiddot 7- 0
bull bull - - 0 JI bullbull bull N
a
laquo
Old 1l1ddla
AGE
riquE 1 Ian acorbullbull on the attitude Bcele or the foul lIducaUone1 lavl plotted againet eg The highsr ths cors on the aeale the are liberal 01 accepting or change are the reapondenta
lJ
Did Jj a dIIle 0 0 Yatal Il- --D
11
bull
1 2 3
poundDUCATIObullbullL~V[LS
1M a bull _ne the ttltwde elbullbullr th thne poupe plt1M11 lwl The hlp Uw _ on the ele the _n 111 01 --URe or h nepond_e
31
1 - oMbullbullbull 36~)l (p lt 111) 1ndl0U auort tor th hypol
that Cthollcbullbullre _rbullbullcoepting or chabullbull alrdy lMt1 tutad than
they 1 of future hypothlzd chang
U lOR IlOllDUAL nos
S ot the 1t_ in the ttltudbullbullcalbullbullr8 ot bullbulldl Intt
btlcauae thf rtl~ot tUtudU r bull IMt iltpartnett in th
Cetllo110 Churgt todey Itbullbull 6 11 13 end 16 hev be n anAlyzlld
IIDrtl ull y than thtt othr And 1 preted 1n th U1 our
fgur to how th ulte In tr d taU ttaaa 6 11 and 13
wre ~ the uture pert 0 the 8cal and it 16 1 the prt
pert 0 th ace1
lba t
f lIUr8 3 the pnta or Meh I Ihel 111 th 1t_
bull (Dlvo-rrr1d Ctho1icbullbullhou1d b p~tted to raciv the
bullbullonu illy C-uon van though thlr bullbullaond urlbullbullbull
1 inval1d according to na~al tndard) Ovral 61 ot the
r bullbullpond t bullbullbullreed that 01 involved ln invalld 111hould
bbullbull11_0 to rbullbulliv the aat rlgur 3 that ln ach
group at l t ~a~ ot the repond ahaI thl preibullbulliv attltudbullbull
In the youngr ana _1 educatd lrouP _lIIOt 7b~ or ttl raepondant bull
bull xpl dlt with pnnt polley Svnty-toUl IGent or th
rnat wlth a 0011 eduoat1an agreed to bull changbullbullbull d1d 68)11 0 th r8apondant undr thirty y or bullbullbullbull
32
Old Yaung
I~-- -gt- bullbullbull
56~ 5~
- 1
7t~ ~ ~
f
_IDIUJ fiayenr 3 Thl pen_tag 1n ROh II 1-inI _th It 6 J_ 6 Dlvolc- llbd Catha110bull bull haul It t Icl n aact ( otal1r -Uftlon) bull theulh nll bullbull cencI_1 1 bull lavU aoollldl to --
Gbullbull SohaDl
Call
33
DIIl1 rl 4 vee theu1t 0 the VllY itbull U (PII
ehould _t U ta _fty) OvU 57j or the ehUloh
Cthollbullbull 1ft 1 bullbulltud) Ind1oat that th dl with the Cethol1
ChulGhf poUe) 0 bullbull1J_ 0 h al St __ 0 th IIhUlGh _th bull 1tecI DOn aU_ 111 w1~
t pall SJn 1M 0 h young - dl
with t polla) ~ the yaur Cathctll0 wih bull DOll
eduoatlon ~ dlred wlh th 01011 polle
Hau (leuI 5 tivu Ue peentege 1ft -h tIlI wUh
It_ 13 (__ t VI all__ 0 I bullbullU) A t
mt dl wlth hi U 1 eu t be yl that h would
1n evo 0 heving _1 aly Jn the Cthta1la Chunn uno to 81_
wlth th Ita bullbull p 1 to vo the prt peltAl i al
th data thet the bullbullt _Jult 0 to accept prlbullbull at hI U OwaU 16 C d with the
lOhl~ltlon 0 1 al) Thl t-wo proan or hdeft with a eoU eductaU 1I1d with he plOhUalUan 0 _11ft pl bullbull
EducaUan bull- to IIbullbull Ill to In eooep 0 __ pllbullbull
heft
ll a (1 6 V hlta D th MI_ on 1- 11 (To a
catholl0 It 1 ft to ta1n an ye 0 U elel nh
cantHI dvlo end the W th aontnl pill) Th data h at
34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
- Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and practices correlated with age and education
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-
I IIIa ItJR
I _ bull wi u I bullbullbullbullbull 1111
11 at 1
1_ tda aw at til
I ~ bull 1 lIRa 0 aIIMl
lat r Itd _ JII lr UWt1 _ the
111bullbull11 _ h I bullbullbullbull IAi I bullbull _ -
1Itampa or 1- _ bullIU __I
M __ U_ _s _ ~ I
s_
er a 1 u
TABLE or CONTENTS
AaclOlL[IIiI[ITS middot 111
LIST or TAIL[S
LIST OF ncLlft[s
middot middot
bull bull bull bull
bull bull middot
vll
atAPT[R
J IlTftOOUCTIOI bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull middot 1
ll111u Attltwdbullbull end General Attltud Rbullbullbullbullrch bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull middot
Soclal Rl1g1ou Atltud middot middot 6
A nd Eduction 1ft Socl1 nd Rlilau Attltud bull bull bull bull middot middot I
G-nl ChanctrlUce or the Pftftt Study bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 12
Sallancy 15
II PROCEDURE bullbullbull bull
-thod -Pal
bull
I
bull bull bull
bull bull
17
17
Scal eontructloft rl1 Flld Tbullbullt
_thode - Part II middot S_JctpoundlMntA nd tduatlona1 Lvel
bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull
v
QlAPTER PAGE
III RESULTS bull bull bull bull bull 26
Csnsrl Rsult bull 26
Sa Individual It bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 31
IV DISCUSSION AND IIPLICATION5 bull bull bull 38
Canerl Dicusion 38
Discubullbullion or Saa Individual It bull 41
Furthr Rbullbullbullbullrch Pobullbullibiliti bull bull 47
REFERENCES APPtIOIX S2
LIST Of TABLES
TABLE PAGE
I Nuber or Reepondent in Each Age end EdUcational
Group and Group Ian an Attitude Scale bull bull bull bull bull 27
LIST or FlClIIES
fIGURE PAGE
1
2
bull So an the ttl~ eaal or the rou eIItIatlone1 1 bullbullbulll plotd nat Th hilhel the 0 the 8Oal the 1111 0 bull 0cU 0 c 1 the Int bull bull bull bull bull bull
bull eaol_ 8ft the tUtudbullbullaal 0 the thlH lnup plotted _lnat duoaUOMl 1 Th hilhel the eoOI the eaal the _1 111bullbull181 1 colng 0 ohang 1 the Ieepondent bull bull bull bull bull bull
2
middot3
bullbull
Th PIC_tag In eh llOUP 1 wlh itbullbull 6 It_ 6 D1ve~lllad Catholl0 ahauld II peao1tad to eelbullbull thbullbullbulleent (01811) C-n1an) bullbullbull though thleoond _ITI 1 lalld oconll to ftOaal Und Th plo In eaoh IOUII dl_l with It_ 11 It_ 11 P l bullbulltbullbullhauld t all g ~y bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull
32
I Th pn 1ft MOh lroup di_l_l1 wi th It_ 13 It_ 13 I t It all_ad to bec_ l bullbullt bull bull 35
6 Th pen In HOh I d111 with It 16 It 16 To be bull CathoUc l 1 neee) to lft M) 0 MUlel81 b1 th a8ftt~l d10 and the IIllth GontlDl pill 36
ItmlllUCflM
In tIttt middoteWbull _ bullbullbull bullbull1
u _ __
a Itt bullbullW _ 11 __
_ the 1 ton
_ tUmiddot _ aM Je _
_ - ut aamp1 MUt le 1 bull _ _ or th_
lIIIUbullbullbulllate lit 1 101) (Aun lnt)
_to at Itud I __a _tal bull
at to 11 1_ 1 t p2ftt bullbull flW ~_
-tin tt a in tet _t -1Wt __ bullbull__ ttte rat w 1 aftu_ ttl
bull tuel tIuIt de _ bullbullbull1 IalUty _tltllly
Al_1NIh l ~ed ltodbullbullUy bullbullbull 80M _ -
11111_1 Mil 0 rUn the i
11y i Itbull wo UftUl pnt tMN 11
Id u ptibullbull 1_
etu -1_tl 1_
bull albullbullbullbulll t lIeU Irw UtIbull
bullbullbulltlll __ U 111 th
bull WIll_ tU-
1tda w UIIII ln cal __ ttl _
lalU_ at u _ t I I All (1m) Ja _ u -u ~ or t taed
11uaebull dllUI dbull tftflvtrMe
he iMl_JAIlUaltbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull til u e1Uu_ 11th WdOh
It 11 18 bull Knoh tNnald (INa) lft Utat
bull _ 11MaUM r _UU_l --1 1 1M tilt
t lIIIU~ ~1tt lau MIl lteut (lftl) 1111
UuIita iMSVSlbullbullbullbull _ 0 bullbull1
WU_ UQ _ 0- tueu_u_
tWe JIIIIn en stu to Id a
bull _ -ta _ ial ~ bullbullbullbullbullbull tifta bullbulla_
_to 1 ua1e dla1IIIU1ahad an attltuda tJb111h la bull hbull uul _to to
_ bullbull _ a w __ a el III n t _ ~
U 1e lie _ n -i__u at V
1amplJIII (K-a JIIWa ampaU 1n3)
he ~ 111 _
-1 __ atut at
I
11 bullbullbull I fet nbullbull_
II
u -lbullbullbullM r -J wltIlt
elf tda llUtat fila Ie IIIIlI
t_ at tU 1IIVal err 1Ml
JllllaUt lit fit
til u s lie JupUr _ IIOUDM (C aM 1) bull
11 eM bullbullbullbull _Wi ubull alIA fI Ju u a-l_ shy
ilr aM _
-u A _ bullbullbullbull1_ It __ bullbullbull1amp811 wetul ampIt
VltaU MIl lte at
bullbull1_ 1bullbull11
bull IIllAl a (I 111 1110)
1 Ie aW tile
1 ia at I 1_ f1da u 1 nl bullbull
_- til __
0IIIIIlIInalIbullbull MIl s 1ha __ _ _ tie
u _ nbullbull Ia -1_ ubullbull A 11 or nu 9IPbullbullbullbullbull (1amp
CIIIII_ IIIUbullbull lMt) Ia _ __
_deaau __-1M tile
U The ---11bullbull (Iaa tetlllnd lilt) tMt
at tievttlIIp - 1tha1
gaala 1bullbullbullUtudu 1~ 1ft the rarnie 4M1wWual __bull Ttda II ~ u of
__ _ tUw eM _ U of
at Uudee 1 11) tha eft ri 1e
___ iftdlvll ___a at tNt
TIMt _ttude en Uta iMlitIual
1 U ellbull tie the bull of etU 18
1 Ut lMtpl a ana ( 1
15) The _1ft th_ -1 bullbull
aA _ bull -__1tue- u 1
bullbullUw reI thw l
n an 1 ~ Ia lead1lll
U_ A _1 0 a-U- Me
aM _ftllld _t ubullbull 0 la pmubullbull -IY Inall the ea_ I
pp t01 I itt ~
__ by _ ttovlMd hi _n_ ( bull 1M - albullbull
lt53r CaU 1915) at the -JR liN of ttt1
vi Jt 1bullbullt1ault ti oonolta_ the le
-bull bull t 1bullbulltlan t __iII_ VI pnMl_bullbull and
explaMt1_ ft 11 olotJ 0 lD1l1ft1111
1111 bullbull 1 heIa1 r__18a UtI Ift 0 lat
to 1eIII1d
the WId or -111bullbullbullu __ 1 ptIItl_
111 the tude rbullbull 1fIIIk bull III a_ aeo1a1 _au hlJtl-~= 111
_ 1 bull the flbullbullr nJJt1-
_ MU 1au ~ ( 1)
-- aitua __
bullbullbull -r alettbullbull II -lJt1- va bullbullbullbullbull __ Dr u u uuaa1l ~d-eltllale _ 1a 11 -e 1 bullbull11 the ala or u u _lta bullbull_J IIM _la pa___ or __ foaaula bull-__ v ___ bull lIMn tIItlr at _1ftIau aUl I the ar a or u bullbullUll _ft 1l1libull -uu at _ _-1 -1 bull hytHlttt or -l _upI (P 1M)bull
ttl-- _ to
~ Ute _ or ttta tete _ bullbull to J_ hie 1J1IeIt _
_al fJI 1Ih1lta 1An__ tAl
IU v 1aM_ IIUIIIh _ 1111- _all _
1 ~ 1 - bull Ja r _douD 1i1i1_ Iheu1II
bullbullbull__ v_ ta 1 nlJtiauebull t
lWllaa __ un_u U eualr bullbullbull lie
an W ft uuu 1 _Jaw 1
6
It IICIM _ ani
ltw _lal u 111 bull _hibull
1Una n -1 in --
an 11 _Uett __ __tIht_ help in
bull 1 bullbullbull- ll _til la
II) 1 _ wl tit - n toIMJ -lC _
w lad _ u_ 1 alwaUaa
HI __1 _ II aU Ut1e _lt1l -uti- tIM __ Ult
~ (1dI_ al HIO)
A f _ ttlw
bull bullbull11 __ _ bullbull1
_ __ Itl I ttthl bullbull laW
) Ie bullbull -Jitle-
__1 te_ bull til -11tshy
sa re aU 1M n IIAe
u _ IRI y1_ 1 dt
_ u uaa la 1Id
- fit _
_ til at all u 8 _ 1 om - altieal or N _ bullbullbullbull
1a te t u dI ult1thlR
1
Chdau ehunh _1 Ja u III a
1 bullbullbullbull-iftI tU 1M _t-iaUu 1IIel11111-- U_ aN lautt
trr the 11111 1 - n Aibullbull1 I _ aM
___ Ie tit _ ua ~ u pea
_11fbullbullbull bull __ 111 al 111 at bull
auv It 1e aU- _111
~ _ aw (1M2) bullbullad
-1 ~pat 11-_ _ 1ft ill tuIIy
__Ill
1MIebullbull_ wi _ -181 __ ~
Ie - 1IlUtl shy
Ute 1bull a __ I bullbullbull __ at au_ TIlle Itt_ ul us -
ua _ 11111 ur a lipid -_ 1 _ at I ~ 1
1 _ _~ __0 I aM 11bullbull 1ft
_ly Qdha110 a UICt1y 1a Utleal
bull -uu vUt1aJ I 170 _ Ute
or -l U bullbulllee Ud
LE bullbull1_ _ U rabull
bull U-1 1II8llUea1 er ct _
UU_ the _ t _ -urbull the _ -111 tit 1aU_ C1 U _
_ t~ ia bull hiuU
bull
bull Dull (1169) bullbullbull_ - _
_ _ the -l canebullbull - 1IIdel ~ JaIl
Slshy Uv _ cut_
I Ia bullbullbull VI2I1 _W N ___ bullbullPAI II 1IItJ_1 11_ IUln Iot _ the 1 tINt IIbull rat bullt _u-l 4SU bull _ bull bullbullbullbullbullft41 fII ~ bullbullbull1 bull _ill bullbullrlbullbullbull _tAlA hili III 1amp vbulla C _ra _ cu II h tide al ello bullbull bull bullbullbull jteUMI 1etIlM r I - _ul1 ad cttU 1 _ _ lJaI lUAlMll C_ (p 1ft)bull
__ _ fit ff1Au1 Alll
u t _ _ _ _al_
lIa It cttUa _ ~
efl bull cl ttlbull bull u _ fII _ __ It in the Ill CI IDlnR cau _ II __ _ __ ea __ -- 1lIeU WtHU P _ 1 of llllUat Ute III _ tile - _ u u bullbullbullbull1__ u tIIua la of u _ _Ie itt aubull u bull bullbullUb tltSe bullbull w M I11 _ _ el__U rashyt cbullbull)
- t 01 cau or wth ell tIltII tit -tal
u I ___ ampeIl- bullbullbullbullbull bull ft _ _ Ute bullbullbullIal ttI
(ItO) _It_ tit _ r bull u-
_ cata1kl_ r ial MI l _ __
the rena or ur 1tl-1 _
T UftCu_ lflaftUFlU etMlf can atullito -1) tIMlla ttt _Dla _ by ttta 11bull 1M cUrt t 1a DaU ft _atoleMl au_ II bU _tbu athbull a at middotU _ Ubullbullbull 111-1 til I bull-1tva ta hn 1_- t bull aun do __tuft fII Cetttel181aabull _ tlly 0middot the ctftaU Ctt la 1M 1ft bullbull ftde ot ita U1_ fillbull ua n Cabullbulllie Qwnb _ _Ub peUUal JIIln _ Will ___ CeHmiddot _ teI laUMII aybull pl 1 U ashy Ja ur ianbullbullbullIf rau w the ne lob -Uti- I bull oul ala _ uu lewd_ Ie raew De tha btalp Uu Cathell Jtlursu_ t _ __
__ Catllelt8 cma UIceU
ttw_ rabullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull 1Me 1 _
Ie tlOftll Jaftmiddot the at-Ullft ( 101) bull
1lU ca1 a the 11 U IIIIlAIW
ala1ll alUlauF _ _I-a ) 1Ml1Md lWI
III MD dUCATI lit IICIIL AlIt) 1EUtIIbullbull A1fmtlll
a t __ 1 - --Uta- bullbull nlaUaattip t at
_ law_uaa _th nU 1a
ta ~ wiUl It I -JHUve aeoid lie
raquo -It _ MtatRl W _ at __
~ or 11111- leU 1
lIeUs- -- nUt1- - shy
1dta1 bullbull Ue MIl _tal 11
tftalel1ll - F title ___ 111 laWaet w ~_ tile ulllltlbull U_ till _
eU ~t u _ bullbullbullbullt __ _lal
-- -~
_a u _ 1Iut lute aU_ a _ U_
la _ bullbullbullbull181 _deIaIa fa Ute ~ __
Ie aU fit - Uta AU 111 til
u u _ bullm aM _
ampII II UtI
y Ie lNIl-a
wiU _ It 1 _uti 1111)
Cl1 (UII) t __ ta ll I li11
thH 11111 lie middotmiddot1Atl__d to bullbullbullbull tl1a poUUl
11 01_ he II III tIda Ie
bull u bullbullbullbull II c (INI)
tIIebull -J ~
11
tlaat sa iM W II
-a ampttl- JIl eWebull
- 1_ 1 Ja U 11 aItI
pbullbullle de 1 s err _ 1_ ~bullbull 1913)
11debullbull __ bullbullbullbull t bull u at 11 ca lSI)bull
1 (1111) bullbullbullbullbullbull 11_ t -
bullbullbullbulld _ JJItInl Ja nI bull U _ fI 7bulla
t -1 1a W
1lt III8UtI a thbull bullbullbullbullbull_ l Utbullbull la tile
_ ell_ a bull
-1 u aU_ 1 ltIUeillue WIr u- Ja catM1te
CItunIl
Sa d_ eampwlUaau __ lit u 1 lie 81-1 a1 -leu or VI_ bull ill Ul It all
u un _ --_ at peUUea1 aal shy
_ It __bull tun eM W tilbullbullbullbullbull1111
(It11) -- 1At 1
tha _ dl_ h ru~
tel - I bullbullW fit __
u wa pauJa _ It hie _ til
ISbullbull M- IeIIa_ lila
u III _ titbullbull I __ lIIdllen __Us 1M
Uu uftly
n Ie __ t bull ve _taU_
~ Uu Jft _ UIl-- tll_ staa-k
(12) ntlltl-- tU wan tvu at u ft bull _ b (1_) MIl
n ttl II Clatholad u _ bullbull t-- II -u-1 lawIl u_ Uvel
I 1a t tha 0 nllp_ nU
u1 dlffteu1U te A 11 ft th (0_ 1) bullbullu 111 Ie __
briefl til ~ lda flit ___bull leUtlshy
1 na _11bull lite -lUUet r NI1t1_ bull
to dudI dt18u1t ~
(1161) u _DUlti Ita atudl_ w tile bull -l1 _u lIIdr
- tudy ill _tit nil tIel1i the eue__
tlltIII he t IP hi theeI) atItJ1_ liIIDe
tn 1e bull _ CIIthell pleat 11a
_ cathoU___ 11 a teHt ta _ bull
tatuUbullbullshy tl the dbullbulld bull 11_
-tdaI It 1n the __ poundIIhU Ounh hila
13
Th v~iabl 0 age nd duction w~ chobullbulln bullbull th 0 pa~ticulu int~bullbullt Th popultion ra whioh the bullbullpl in the
p~bullbulllIftt tudy i dnwn oonit 0 -11 parthbullbull d bullbulloh paih
contin popl 0 11 age and ductional lvlbullbullinc the~ i only
on p~ih in ach loction Thue th~ i no pobullbullibi1ity 0 peop1
g on duotional 1vl o~ ag lvl wo~hipp1ng and int~acting bullbull
bull bullbullprat ~l1g1au group The popultiDn thu to bbullbull auitabl
on in which to t bullbullt the hypathbullbulli that ligioubullbullttitudbullbull v~y w1th
age nd duction
sbullbullbulltudibullbullbull~ piW only t givn ta Stau~middot (1955)
tudy 0 cCa~thyi_ and r ting~ Rick and Sohchw (156)
tudy 0 ~ligiou c~ii could only b dona t tibullbullbull when the ph_
to b invbullbullt1gtd o~ed t~bullbulllvaa to the ob~v Today tu~o11
ov~ changbullbull in the II Ctho1ic C~ch to o~ thi typo
oppo~tun1ty to the pnt ~bullbullbullbull~ch~ Chang i the tt~ 0 g~t bullbullt
concm in the Catholic Chu~ch t pnt Ctwt will b optionally
dfined ro~ the pu~_ 0 thi invbullbulltigtion bullbull any a1t~1ng or beli
o~ practic aong catholic that ha takn p1c 1n the pbullbullt t ty
ybullbull~ o~ i bullbullted o~ the o~bullbullabl utu~bullbull
Sinc the ch taking plac CDv~ Mfty pha bullbullbull 0 Ctho1ic li
it bullbull conaided pobullbulliIl1 to contNct bullbullcal 0 it ~latd to
thbullbullbull changbullbull and uabullbull p~aanbullbullco~ on thibullbullca1 indicto~
0 hibullbullttitudbullbull t ~ thbullbullbull chang ro~ the pu~pobullbullbull 0 thibullbulltudy
bull 1ib1 w optiona11y dined on who avo~bullbull chang and bull
contrvat1vbullbullbull on who oppobullbullbull chang The 1ib~-conbullbullrvativ
continuUII i otn on wed in rligioubullbullttitud r~ch (Ii 1965)
and i bull ci11y lIPP~opdtbullbullinc HUg10n i l1y conid~d
10
a conaarativa oc1al forc aut thi 1 not ly true and religiau
backing 1 otten g1 to libeNl and rad1cal c_d 01 udl chWlO
It bullbullbull conaldarad of pnctieal nd theoretical intet to dtlII1 if
hatarogenalty 0 ttltuda toward elliou obJact exlted in ordinay
0DnOrtion corying IIlth ag and aducation If 0 thi would
relat ralilau attitud to thobullbull ound In other ar Of nuan 11a
n i thue the nl pua 0 hibullbulltucly to clIPitaU tha
preat crl1bullbull c~a -thln tha ~n Clic Church and data~e
i l1011U attituda do ind vary in ralation to a MCI acIuoaUon
It cana1drecl d bullbulllr~a to hold tha dr 0 raliiaue
ailiation and Uta Ie actor abullbullttlltl _ pbullbulllItl to teat I htl that th i ariatl wi thl -snaU_l popu1aU
Thi 1 accaplihad ~y bullbull1otlng a population or retUlarly churchmiddot
ttandlng Catholic Peopl 0- labal t~lea a Catholic --Ply
baaauaa c1a pau or ~cauaa 0 tradltiGMl aaeealaUo
thll aa11y with the Cathollc Church IUGh aUlatiM eM haldly ~
acceptllCl aa a I_t or tlUlt Church rattl 1 aac-Rc or
Cathollc bal1e and pneUo To 1M IU chaol a ehch l
population cannot takn pr 0 the Ject t or
MIL llut it at l_t ur that lUI 1 are 1ft touch
wi th the c occurring 1ft the Cahl1c Church and hat Utaa e
have _ io OIl ir liv d hence ar 1 u tIt_ at l bullbullt
In aft aanae 0 the te
statiUoaUy lJlllti the populatlon tie chWoh-attandera do
rave or tII vari_l11y that would ~ lUnd it he papulation
1 del a oiU 0 anyone who Oh the lallNtl 0 Catholic lut thibullbullWely 1 not ifttareatad ln rl1iy t attitud_
11
that lie u 11middot lIIIIk 1M
th4I It _ 1t1a M
IIau _11 VII1yent11 al n
__ UM fill bullbullbullbullbull
the of bullbullbull __ a_ _ _VtI u 1a _ _
_ catMUe JU1l1 till _ t_
aW
I MLlIICf
uu ta tuIIy abe r_ fit
at _II bull lell Ill It e
_u leila (1_)bull
bull Ii bullbullbullbull -- e __ IIUl 1bullbulltI iAtt bullbullbull __ (II Ia) ruu I Ill bullbullbull JMiwitlual _1 IdbullbullIt _ (p_
bull tud1 ell _ fill
1 bullbull11 _ IIIIB leU (I)
bull tuIIy 1 thU Cdtu_
thtIl ~ 1UaUea _ 1 __ de u_ bull cw (1 lis n_tat_ bull _ ~I
11 bullbull_tIbull N lieU __ t ad_ ia
U _ of the - cathu 1
-al t -u vI -1c1aI
t I bullbull 111 Itt cau poundMacIft lleDt tItle
~ d t h1e a1_
16
-- 1 __ lIeUa tha bullbullbullbullbull will lie
ale __ _ ____
Iel and 1~eto (1965) elM PDIt that Ute gnup lp
or the ilMnt Mould be ken lA_ 1ft _~tude ah
They ehawed tha JMta ~ to lawft ~ bullbullPI bull
(bullbulltal deairab111ty) and L (Ua) _1_ heR ttlbullbullI1-nt_ a
cauouc 1t traquo MAtIld ~lt bullbull IMotOh then he
la Accen1ng It thia tudy - adaln1aU 0 h tna~t
by a 11_t -ould both helIt iM thbullbullaUaldl1ty h
8IIIt CllDUiINt______in U u_ IIh1I1
CMAmlll
I Il1MODI - HIT 1
ml f It shyThe ~ 11 aU lie ounlRM 1
~ bullbull ___ ~ 1 -la 1ft the pu 111 nMlv _ Me
tutu bullu _ an1 will he
at h _ Al1_ Ml (1161) __ tn
u lilt nUU __ 1_ bull
a1 _ uu u - _v - - The pUM n bullbullbull _ PllMI11
s- 1 __ 1eWM _we ca
wI Uu_ _
at bullbullbullbullbullbull
lle bullbullbullntt bullbull W leW bull _ _ _
1___Uwa1 bullbullbullbullbullbull 1 he 1eahtaJ Uta __~
-Uuel bullbull_1 1 All 1 bull
111bullbull1 an MIa In ie
- Catlu cane 1ft U
1ft to W
_ t at u_ _ at u
11
mal tN _a AU tile
1 1ft thla e bull u bullt - tba or the
u __ fit 1Mt At Ut U the lUI t JuI n - hit dl__ ( lN1) 1111_
tnIlllllllJe _ alAe _tIl tWI 1ft dIdIIt
Ill 1 hi
W m they fit _t ~
u-au_ TN_ _ 101
I 1INUMd ampb _Ill II pel _U
_111 ~_ -1 _ In
he u- __ 1 ampII
- A 11_ the - _ 1 11 III _ h
- aa he
1 bPl _ u
lftIIIII fA ple
V cal __ - tutu 01
1IIdamp rtan tie bullbull or CltNl_ 1ft
bullbullbullbullM MUM --_
It _ bullbullbullbullbull ta _ 1Ile ull 1111
_til the 1 11 1ft eteh
U tMIlftIII Illcuit 81th
IIltly U lhatl bull ___ IIJ he r
I bull
a hen tid u tNnr
1- - dun __ _
-
Cathllll or al 1tIheIt 11 II -r shy_111M lap _ne
Oft hi 1 _1M _
1M 18 - _t __ lI1ruu
IIlll-Mlr nNaU h Md _ bullbullbull round to be _
(eo ~ ta _ NUl) eh
bull -Ill - - - r --t thin 1- 1111 rtl1 r he _
to 0 wil Nt U uat11
_ Ie ~ th_ hln _ _ u-I tdth bull WhIt to ttl l _ iii
1Ml 1 Chunh 18tV111 hbullbullbull_ All he 1_ eleaed -s Iftla In V h cU eW
Oft bull - II1Iu1al r
bullUIIy or -- 1_ (1 3 I _ 20T I lI 1bullbull 16 17 II
I nrua) ntUhIIII u bIlinl ~ - CUMll
Chunh The IIhu (It 1 It 6bullbullt 10 U U II I)
to ttl I bullbull tal cell
Chi_ hi 1-middot plaeed -l8JIea w tbu
10
_ - tiN
11bullbull1 a _ _ _- n () -1 tie _ bull 11
______hi bullbullbullbullbull _hi all__ JaI bull
_ nt (au tNII C
__ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullat _ taIIlil
I eu nbullbull Ml ___
a - Ilut - _ tMN JM1 _ and
-1 til ~ - bull I shy
abullbull IIM UIIt til h
rbullbull bullbull IIbullbull
I ___ 1II1et WIIl _ it_ -l nI
IIu 11 III - tN 11
_ al W I ilia Nt SIal M
ltI -d 1D Ud at au _
-111 s UIuIl _ lie autleWl 1M MUM
bull bullbullbull 1_ - _
_ at AU 1ft 1 of -
U _ ~ _tal petntSamp1 _
_ W ~bullbulld plPi_ in
tN Nel fit ~ he caubullbull n bullbullbull11 the 1M th _
t21 L ~ fMM - w_ fit (1) bullbullau _
21
itbout chng to p~t good dicrilnatlon alone the liberalshy
conervativ continuua ror pl In the rea or clrical dieiplinbull
ny Catholic ar eoncrnd with the prbullbullbullnt harta9 or clr9Y In
Catholic prih Thi uaually ratbullbullbull the quatian at clarical
clibcy Three it (2 11 and 15) perltt the rbullbullpondant to
diacrilnate bull 11ttle In 111 attitude toward hi tutUI ching Ite
11 bullbullrly ak it the chang to rrid clrlY 1bullbullIreable to the
rbullbullpendant It 2 bullbullk ir bull r bullbullpondnt thinka thi chang would rbullbullu1t
in lood bullbullrvic to peepl It 15 ineerpotbullbull the bullbullt rrquant
oent in the rirt two pilot tudibullbull whioh iapUbullbull tht thi chang
to nld clrgy llight raul t in battr bullbullrvic baerried
clrgy would hv bttr inaight into rly lir It i rbl to
ua tht bull preon ight ccapt bull chang to bull nid olrlY van
though bdobullbull not rbullbullbullbullbull it bullbull rbullbullu1ting in _d or bttr bullbullrvic but
bullbullrly beubullbull h d It noy to the bullbullitanc or the Churoh bullbull
h k it Hbullbullilht 10 think _nid clrgy auld 11v bttbullbull
bullbullbullvic or llight nat H could 10 think bullbullrried clrgy would liv
ltettr bullbullrvio but prrr the clibat olrlY h hebull awn cautDaad to
Thue 11 thr it hlp dicrillit bullbull r~ntmiddotbullbullttitud taad
thi chantbullbull
Th caaaant or dir r antbullbull180 indicted _ canebullbulln
over the poalUon cr woan in the Chuch T_ itbullbull tap thibullbull1bullbull cr
change It 1 chck the pandentmiddot tUtude to_rd bull intbullbulll
paUcipaUon by _en in worhlp nd it 15 chck hibullbulltUtUde toward
bull rl clrgy
It 16 and 18 both chok the bullbullbullpendant attitude t 1d the
ua_ of uthorlty in the Churoh Itaa 9 10 and 12 are all concrned
22
wi In hip U_ in he ChINh 1- 4 If 14
en bull __ _th he 1IffId1dU_ r the _ 111
Ute w ubullbullr u Ctweh all ani u hM
_ tile da 11bull CetMllM
th- tit~ _tdtIen W bull -Ia _
_ 1ft CNIlJ Ua ha en a _ I he
CltNIUL
f1M1 n lfI 1M Thl lnal _all _ leld Me lay -1At 11_ to 6U Calhal1M
~ vial 1A _1 parllh in I -n aagon au
DOIIPlated U 111 the allot tJu __1tIg tohl
II1ddla or tttl 111bullbull and _ __ -kad for a
~rr or tl rtlilU1ta
A epllt-halr nllelAlUbullbullaJG1ant Gtd tor the de
obtaineG nil heM tiO ta and _ tllUftd to be A co~relaU_
an thl uwn and t hal the 1Dampl __MIt
_ampI ou_ t bl ill
II IETMIDI NIT 11
Th Catall adahop ~I 1 tact
_1_ ta thl ftMa to any ar $tsa palJt 0 hI ____
the Itudy The filioo_ t lMIIJcI _ 0 catam 0
-J bull t 32 auINRlta _ parun ar he pa-__ Ira _U
1- than 20 tU ut ttbullbull fa bull la1 peJah_ and the
lan1 deAlcted that bull tnUfia_Una lan would orbullbull
23
bettr bull 1 or the population Th parihs wer dlvided into thr
group (1 - 200 rtltbullbull 201 - 00 r-111bullbull and 401 - 600 raillbullbull )
Dna parih each rroa the two larger group and our aall pariaha wr
randoaly bullbulllactad a the pl or par1h to bbullbullurv~ad Thue tha
ubJect contitut a randaa stretirid ple or the church-going
population or the R Catholic D10c of BIIcr Sinc thre 1 only
one Catholic paih in the bullbull1 town and ciUbullbull or E_tern OnIOn all
church10ing Catholic or th1 ara ar OlOad to worhip together thus
abullbulluring the bullbuller1llntr t t the vadablbullbull or 1Ig and ducation will
b rairly rprntativ or the entir Catholic population or the ar
The experientr a Cathol1c pribullbullt orrioiated at the regular
Sunday erv1cbullbull or the padshbullbull included in the ple During the tibullbull
in tha service regularly devoted to a eran he aked the u~r to pa
out copis or the attitude acale and pencil to bar or the
congregation Arter thbullbullbull -d been distributed the Eucpedantar read
the introductory paragraph or the quUonnair to the congregation H
requeted thelr cooplation in coapltiO the it and orr8led to
anwer any quetion when the elvice over Tanty ainut war
allotad to the subject ror coaplation of ttle attitude cal The
bullbullrvice _ concluded in the usual annel and the ePerinter anred
any quetion that c up
A and EdypaUal Lbullbulll bull
for the purpo anal ying the data or the tudy the ubJectbull
bullbullre dividd into thrbullbull aoe IIOUP and rour ducation 11OUP thus
living a _trix 0 t_lv call The age IIOUPbullbullbullr (1) Jct
24
btn IS-30 yar 0 ao (2) eubJaot btn 31-50 yar (3)
ubJct 51 yn 0 or oldr Thi dlvllon baed uan bullbullvnI
conidration ThbullbullubJeot in the irt ege group have lived aot or
thair livbullbull in a changing Catholic Church It i bullbull~acted that they
will be Muoh more accpting 0 change then the other groupbullbullince changa
1 1bullbullbull unuual to th Tha ubJact In the bullbullcand group havs pant
01 or their live in bull Church that did little changing end hence are
expected to b 1bullbullbull accepting Dr chang The third group Ul hava
pnt Much ora t1bullbull than ither 0 tha other group in an unchanging
rligiou atbullbullpher It i bullbull~ected that thy wiU b the t
conervativ group
The division 0 ducation into our lvelbullbullbullbullbullbulld the 8Ot
p~tical ro tha tandpoint at the gneral population to bbullbullurvayd
Gradbullbullchool high chaol __ ooUaobullbull Md a caplatad tour yaar
oollg education bullbullra oanaidred tha aibullbullt diviion to k in our
population aina they ak undratandable diviiona 01 the rapandania
lind each lavl oanUtutbullbull an appreciabl aducational dierenca Ya
at chool caplstad thue conatitutesour oparational dtinitian or
education
III PREOICTIONS
In the lioht 0 tha previous diacu ion and tha r bullbullult at tha
pilot tucUbullbull the allowing pred1ctiona bullbullre _dbullbull
1 Scarbullbull an the prbullbullant hal a the acale will b highr than
acorbullbull on the utuw halt Thi prdiction t bullbullted ith a tet
ror correlated data
2 Younger Catholic bullbullUl tend to be 01 liberal or accepting
25
tit _ A rtAun MIl ttl caul
latlaa _ ~ toe teet 1 ypo
J eav11bullbullbull111 Ie -_ r _
to u will with 1_ renal A _rn1eUon _
t w hy~bullbull
DtAPTII 111
TIIIIIle 1 vee the __ bull bullhe tUIIa Mample
bull bullbull1 lPtti A tnIl
lQM hi aW- II lO1S
_ ubullbullIe n leta _ bull
TM _ _ the -1 21
to iIIplrl _ the ~ _ bullbull _- p1Me
NI ten h
TIIIJ1e 1 v t 14 iD tile bull AVi tnI UlnaIbullbulldbullbull
aIl TNwe a I
hiIhl ~ tie Thi moa - cauu u ~
__u VIan U Ie The
bull _ MI a lea _
u- tee __ tqb
TM _ 1A TIIIIla 1 II at t _ u Uta _ 1M U ten_
- -
27
TAamppound J
bullbullEI or II POt DUCATl IIOUP
IIAI bull ntl anl1l8r 8CampI
Old ~ (a bull raquoa)(ft bull 113) (bullbull m)
middot ~~--~~~ - r---~~~ 2-l i I
~ i ~ ~ I )~--middot~---iimiddotmiddot---~~~middot~_~_~middotn i
I j II UI I bull III I n 11- i bull 124 I bull 111bull bull 84 I
~ 1
_-------middot4---middotmiddotmiddot_middot+------1
~ bull-1 n
bull bull 111 bull bull 116bull 10
-bull bull 121
1
(n bull UI)
shy
1
(a bull 3-)
cu (bullbull 2U)
bull mmiddot CoU
(a bull 17)
In fig 1 the mean IIOOfeamp or eech educUonal grC1lp 18 plotld
c)gd not dye Lowr scures middotIe indio gtl1vn of conE1rvatislII 8nll h bull gher
soor~s of 11b8ld eta Of groilolr cceptfnc1 of ot) nge Hmiddot~ d t et(JW b
tlf900 tOWfO mo EG libel 1 tti tUt19sin youngt respondentG 19
mi((UfII-gIH t~iQr 9croo1 gredudtas were just eligrtly more LblSral t n
tc younger ligl school QridIJt~S The corrsltion btlDaan 8core8 on
tilm dtitude 8cle finc -g9 was 51 Ulhich is atntist~cll) signifLclnt
t ttlpound bull 11 lsvsl TrG corrailttion between accres on tre attitud~3 scel~
1)nd age wlth educaration prtialled aut was 36 TNa younglill pelOjlla sro
SEHn to bs signlficanU) more accepting 01 change ttln older people
In fig 1 tt-a tH8n COrliS or each gloup ale plott td Il9Ilnet
th~ four Qduc~1tionEll 18113 Thli trend toward l1Il rEt liberal attitiJdo6
wi t ncroiJsnr F1iJCation is slimn in thfll graph Tta eorriltloUon butween
scar on tI~ GCelA ana echoicbull tion 118$ bull ti wlch is 8ignifiCtlnt (tt the
Jl lEtllel n~ corrsl~t1on betwgon scor on ttt~ IICel ~nd f4duQtton
lIIitt ugo pltrtiall~d out lIIes 3amp Thue edUcation is e~n to bil
signifiesntly relatQd to aecfgtptftMC8 at cr~ngo more aduc tad rlJsjJondpnts
tanding to ecclpt ctangua molS r9i11dil) th~in lee oducated 0098
Ttfl date Indice ted t~ilt tlere was no CIOfInlEltion bt~ttl1m1n )gc QItd
sducation (I -db) t Impling no overlap 1n the variance aoountilc for
by the two voriablas 80 a multiple R was computed The ~ultiple R
between 8cores on the acale and E)ge and education was bullbulla About 16
of the variance on ttese 8cores is trus predictablo from age and
education
A 1 test using the formula for carrelatad observations I UlliS done
on t9 deta from the future nd present t1Bllles of tg sc-ale T-e
bullbull
29
-~---------=l GJ8d Schaal bull 6 High School 0- __0
S COlla amiddotmiddotmiddota i
4 yra Collage bull ibull
G_ Amiddot 7- 0
bull bull - - 0 JI bullbull bull N
a
laquo
Old 1l1ddla
AGE
riquE 1 Ian acorbullbull on the attitude Bcele or the foul lIducaUone1 lavl plotted againet eg The highsr ths cors on the aeale the are liberal 01 accepting or change are the reapondenta
lJ
Did Jj a dIIle 0 0 Yatal Il- --D
11
bull
1 2 3
poundDUCATIObullbullL~V[LS
1M a bull _ne the ttltwde elbullbullr th thne poupe plt1M11 lwl The hlp Uw _ on the ele the _n 111 01 --URe or h nepond_e
31
1 - oMbullbullbull 36~)l (p lt 111) 1ndl0U auort tor th hypol
that Cthollcbullbullre _rbullbullcoepting or chabullbull alrdy lMt1 tutad than
they 1 of future hypothlzd chang
U lOR IlOllDUAL nos
S ot the 1t_ in the ttltudbullbullcalbullbullr8 ot bullbulldl Intt
btlcauae thf rtl~ot tUtudU r bull IMt iltpartnett in th
Cetllo110 Churgt todey Itbullbull 6 11 13 end 16 hev be n anAlyzlld
IIDrtl ull y than thtt othr And 1 preted 1n th U1 our
fgur to how th ulte In tr d taU ttaaa 6 11 and 13
wre ~ the uture pert 0 the 8cal and it 16 1 the prt
pert 0 th ace1
lba t
f lIUr8 3 the pnta or Meh I Ihel 111 th 1t_
bull (Dlvo-rrr1d Ctho1icbullbullhou1d b p~tted to raciv the
bullbullonu illy C-uon van though thlr bullbullaond urlbullbullbull
1 inval1d according to na~al tndard) Ovral 61 ot the
r bullbullpond t bullbullbullreed that 01 involved ln invalld 111hould
bbullbull11_0 to rbullbulliv the aat rlgur 3 that ln ach
group at l t ~a~ ot the repond ahaI thl preibullbulliv attltudbullbull
In the youngr ana _1 educatd lrouP _lIIOt 7b~ or ttl raepondant bull
bull xpl dlt with pnnt polley Svnty-toUl IGent or th
rnat wlth a 0011 eduoat1an agreed to bull changbullbullbull d1d 68)11 0 th r8apondant undr thirty y or bullbullbullbull
32
Old Yaung
I~-- -gt- bullbullbull
56~ 5~
- 1
7t~ ~ ~
f
_IDIUJ fiayenr 3 Thl pen_tag 1n ROh II 1-inI _th It 6 J_ 6 Dlvolc- llbd Catha110bull bull haul It t Icl n aact ( otal1r -Uftlon) bull theulh nll bullbull cencI_1 1 bull lavU aoollldl to --
Gbullbull SohaDl
Call
33
DIIl1 rl 4 vee theu1t 0 the VllY itbull U (PII
ehould _t U ta _fty) OvU 57j or the ehUloh
Cthollbullbull 1ft 1 bullbulltud) Ind1oat that th dl with the Cethol1
ChulGhf poUe) 0 bullbull1J_ 0 h al St __ 0 th IIhUlGh _th bull 1tecI DOn aU_ 111 w1~
t pall SJn 1M 0 h young - dl
with t polla) ~ the yaur Cathctll0 wih bull DOll
eduoatlon ~ dlred wlh th 01011 polle
Hau (leuI 5 tivu Ue peentege 1ft -h tIlI wUh
It_ 13 (__ t VI all__ 0 I bullbullU) A t
mt dl wlth hi U 1 eu t be yl that h would
1n evo 0 heving _1 aly Jn the Cthta1la Chunn uno to 81_
wlth th Ita bullbull p 1 to vo the prt peltAl i al
th data thet the bullbullt _Jult 0 to accept prlbullbull at hI U OwaU 16 C d with the
lOhl~ltlon 0 1 al) Thl t-wo proan or hdeft with a eoU eductaU 1I1d with he plOhUalUan 0 _11ft pl bullbull
EducaUan bull- to IIbullbull Ill to In eooep 0 __ pllbullbull
heft
ll a (1 6 V hlta D th MI_ on 1- 11 (To a
catholl0 It 1 ft to ta1n an ye 0 U elel nh
cantHI dvlo end the W th aontnl pill) Th data h at
34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
- Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and practices correlated with age and education
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TABLE or CONTENTS
AaclOlL[IIiI[ITS middot 111
LIST or TAIL[S
LIST OF ncLlft[s
middot middot
bull bull bull bull
bull bull middot
vll
atAPT[R
J IlTftOOUCTIOI bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull middot 1
ll111u Attltwdbullbull end General Attltud Rbullbullbullbullrch bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull middot
Soclal Rl1g1ou Atltud middot middot 6
A nd Eduction 1ft Socl1 nd Rlilau Attltud bull bull bull bull middot middot I
G-nl ChanctrlUce or the Pftftt Study bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 12
Sallancy 15
II PROCEDURE bullbullbull bull
-thod -Pal
bull
I
bull bull bull
bull bull
17
17
Scal eontructloft rl1 Flld Tbullbullt
_thode - Part II middot S_JctpoundlMntA nd tduatlona1 Lvel
bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull
v
QlAPTER PAGE
III RESULTS bull bull bull bull bull 26
Csnsrl Rsult bull 26
Sa Individual It bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 31
IV DISCUSSION AND IIPLICATION5 bull bull bull 38
Canerl Dicusion 38
Discubullbullion or Saa Individual It bull 41
Furthr Rbullbullbullbullrch Pobullbullibiliti bull bull 47
REFERENCES APPtIOIX S2
LIST Of TABLES
TABLE PAGE
I Nuber or Reepondent in Each Age end EdUcational
Group and Group Ian an Attitude Scale bull bull bull bull bull 27
LIST or FlClIIES
fIGURE PAGE
1
2
bull So an the ttl~ eaal or the rou eIItIatlone1 1 bullbullbulll plotd nat Th hilhel the 0 the 8Oal the 1111 0 bull 0cU 0 c 1 the Int bull bull bull bull bull bull
bull eaol_ 8ft the tUtudbullbullaal 0 the thlH lnup plotted _lnat duoaUOMl 1 Th hilhel the eoOI the eaal the _1 111bullbull181 1 colng 0 ohang 1 the Ieepondent bull bull bull bull bull bull
2
middot3
bullbull
Th PIC_tag In eh llOUP 1 wlh itbullbull 6 It_ 6 D1ve~lllad Catholl0 ahauld II peao1tad to eelbullbull thbullbullbulleent (01811) C-n1an) bullbullbull though thleoond _ITI 1 lalld oconll to ftOaal Und Th plo In eaoh IOUII dl_l with It_ 11 It_ 11 P l bullbulltbullbullhauld t all g ~y bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull
32
I Th pn 1ft MOh lroup di_l_l1 wi th It_ 13 It_ 13 I t It all_ad to bec_ l bullbullt bull bull 35
6 Th pen In HOh I d111 with It 16 It 16 To be bull CathoUc l 1 neee) to lft M) 0 MUlel81 b1 th a8ftt~l d10 and the IIllth GontlDl pill 36
ItmlllUCflM
In tIttt middoteWbull _ bullbullbull bullbull1
u _ __
a Itt bullbullW _ 11 __
_ the 1 ton
_ tUmiddot _ aM Je _
_ - ut aamp1 MUt le 1 bull _ _ or th_
lIIIUbullbullbulllate lit 1 101) (Aun lnt)
_to at Itud I __a _tal bull
at to 11 1_ 1 t p2ftt bullbull flW ~_
-tin tt a in tet _t -1Wt __ bullbull__ ttte rat w 1 aftu_ ttl
bull tuel tIuIt de _ bullbullbull1 IalUty _tltllly
Al_1NIh l ~ed ltodbullbullUy bullbullbull 80M _ -
11111_1 Mil 0 rUn the i
11y i Itbull wo UftUl pnt tMN 11
Id u ptibullbull 1_
etu -1_tl 1_
bull albullbullbullbulll t lIeU Irw UtIbull
bullbullbulltlll __ U 111 th
bull WIll_ tU-
1tda w UIIII ln cal __ ttl _
lalU_ at u _ t I I All (1m) Ja _ u -u ~ or t taed
11uaebull dllUI dbull tftflvtrMe
he iMl_JAIlUaltbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull til u e1Uu_ 11th WdOh
It 11 18 bull Knoh tNnald (INa) lft Utat
bull _ 11MaUM r _UU_l --1 1 1M tilt
t lIIIU~ ~1tt lau MIl lteut (lftl) 1111
UuIita iMSVSlbullbullbullbull _ 0 bullbull1
WU_ UQ _ 0- tueu_u_
tWe JIIIIn en stu to Id a
bull _ -ta _ ial ~ bullbullbullbullbullbull tifta bullbulla_
_to 1 ua1e dla1IIIU1ahad an attltuda tJb111h la bull hbull uul _to to
_ bullbull _ a w __ a el III n t _ ~
U 1e lie _ n -i__u at V
1amplJIII (K-a JIIWa ampaU 1n3)
he ~ 111 _
-1 __ atut at
I
11 bullbullbull I fet nbullbull_
II
u -lbullbullbullM r -J wltIlt
elf tda llUtat fila Ie IIIIlI
t_ at tU 1IIVal err 1Ml
JllllaUt lit fit
til u s lie JupUr _ IIOUDM (C aM 1) bull
11 eM bullbullbullbull _Wi ubull alIA fI Ju u a-l_ shy
ilr aM _
-u A _ bullbullbullbull1_ It __ bullbullbull1amp811 wetul ampIt
VltaU MIl lte at
bullbull1_ 1bullbull11
bull IIllAl a (I 111 1110)
1 Ie aW tile
1 ia at I 1_ f1da u 1 nl bullbull
_- til __
0IIIIIlIInalIbullbull MIl s 1ha __ _ _ tie
u _ nbullbull Ia -1_ ubullbull A 11 or nu 9IPbullbullbullbullbull (1amp
CIIIII_ IIIUbullbull lMt) Ia _ __
_deaau __-1M tile
U The ---11bullbull (Iaa tetlllnd lilt) tMt
at tievttlIIp - 1tha1
gaala 1bullbullbullUtudu 1~ 1ft the rarnie 4M1wWual __bull Ttda II ~ u of
__ _ tUw eM _ U of
at Uudee 1 11) tha eft ri 1e
___ iftdlvll ___a at tNt
TIMt _ttude en Uta iMlitIual
1 U ellbull tie the bull of etU 18
1 Ut lMtpl a ana ( 1
15) The _1ft th_ -1 bullbull
aA _ bull -__1tue- u 1
bullbullUw reI thw l
n an 1 ~ Ia lead1lll
U_ A _1 0 a-U- Me
aM _ftllld _t ubullbull 0 la pmubullbull -IY Inall the ea_ I
pp t01 I itt ~
__ by _ ttovlMd hi _n_ ( bull 1M - albullbull
lt53r CaU 1915) at the -JR liN of ttt1
vi Jt 1bullbullt1ault ti oonolta_ the le
-bull bull t 1bullbulltlan t __iII_ VI pnMl_bullbull and
explaMt1_ ft 11 olotJ 0 lD1l1ft1111
1111 bullbull 1 heIa1 r__18a UtI Ift 0 lat
to 1eIII1d
the WId or -111bullbullbullu __ 1 ptIItl_
111 the tude rbullbull 1fIIIk bull III a_ aeo1a1 _au hlJtl-~= 111
_ 1 bull the flbullbullr nJJt1-
_ MU 1au ~ ( 1)
-- aitua __
bullbullbull -r alettbullbull II -lJt1- va bullbullbullbullbull __ Dr u u uuaa1l ~d-eltllale _ 1a 11 -e 1 bullbull11 the ala or u u _lta bullbull_J IIM _la pa___ or __ foaaula bull-__ v ___ bull lIMn tIItlr at _1ftIau aUl I the ar a or u bullbullUll _ft 1l1libull -uu at _ _-1 -1 bull hytHlttt or -l _upI (P 1M)bull
ttl-- _ to
~ Ute _ or ttta tete _ bullbull to J_ hie 1J1IeIt _
_al fJI 1Ih1lta 1An__ tAl
IU v 1aM_ IIUIIIh _ 1111- _all _
1 ~ 1 - bull Ja r _douD 1i1i1_ Iheu1II
bullbullbull__ v_ ta 1 nlJtiauebull t
lWllaa __ un_u U eualr bullbullbull lie
an W ft uuu 1 _Jaw 1
6
It IICIM _ ani
ltw _lal u 111 bull _hibull
1Una n -1 in --
an 11 _Uett __ __tIht_ help in
bull 1 bullbullbull- ll _til la
II) 1 _ wl tit - n toIMJ -lC _
w lad _ u_ 1 alwaUaa
HI __1 _ II aU Ut1e _lt1l -uti- tIM __ Ult
~ (1dI_ al HIO)
A f _ ttlw
bull bullbull11 __ _ bullbull1
_ __ Itl I ttthl bullbull laW
) Ie bullbull -Jitle-
__1 te_ bull til -11tshy
sa re aU 1M n IIAe
u _ IRI y1_ 1 dt
_ u uaa la 1Id
- fit _
_ til at all u 8 _ 1 om - altieal or N _ bullbullbullbull
1a te t u dI ult1thlR
1
Chdau ehunh _1 Ja u III a
1 bullbullbullbull-iftI tU 1M _t-iaUu 1IIel11111-- U_ aN lautt
trr the 11111 1 - n Aibullbull1 I _ aM
___ Ie tit _ ua ~ u pea
_11fbullbullbull bull __ 111 al 111 at bull
auv It 1e aU- _111
~ _ aw (1M2) bullbullad
-1 ~pat 11-_ _ 1ft ill tuIIy
__Ill
1MIebullbull_ wi _ -181 __ ~
Ie - 1IlUtl shy
Ute 1bull a __ I bullbullbull __ at au_ TIlle Itt_ ul us -
ua _ 11111 ur a lipid -_ 1 _ at I ~ 1
1 _ _~ __0 I aM 11bullbull 1ft
_ly Qdha110 a UICt1y 1a Utleal
bull -uu vUt1aJ I 170 _ Ute
or -l U bullbulllee Ud
LE bullbull1_ _ U rabull
bull U-1 1II8llUea1 er ct _
UU_ the _ t _ -urbull the _ -111 tit 1aU_ C1 U _
_ t~ ia bull hiuU
bull
bull Dull (1169) bullbullbull_ - _
_ _ the -l canebullbull - 1IIdel ~ JaIl
Slshy Uv _ cut_
I Ia bullbullbull VI2I1 _W N ___ bullbullPAI II 1IItJ_1 11_ IUln Iot _ the 1 tINt IIbull rat bullt _u-l 4SU bull _ bull bullbullbullbullbullft41 fII ~ bullbullbull1 bull _ill bullbullrlbullbullbull _tAlA hili III 1amp vbulla C _ra _ cu II h tide al ello bullbull bull bullbullbull jteUMI 1etIlM r I - _ul1 ad cttU 1 _ _ lJaI lUAlMll C_ (p 1ft)bull
__ _ fit ff1Au1 Alll
u t _ _ _ _al_
lIa It cttUa _ ~
efl bull cl ttlbull bull u _ fII _ __ It in the Ill CI IDlnR cau _ II __ _ __ ea __ -- 1lIeU WtHU P _ 1 of llllUat Ute III _ tile - _ u u bullbullbullbull1__ u tIIua la of u _ _Ie itt aubull u bull bullbullUb tltSe bullbull w M I11 _ _ el__U rashyt cbullbull)
- t 01 cau or wth ell tIltII tit -tal
u I ___ ampeIl- bullbullbullbullbull bull ft _ _ Ute bullbullbullIal ttI
(ItO) _It_ tit _ r bull u-
_ cata1kl_ r ial MI l _ __
the rena or ur 1tl-1 _
T UftCu_ lflaftUFlU etMlf can atullito -1) tIMlla ttt _Dla _ by ttta 11bull 1M cUrt t 1a DaU ft _atoleMl au_ II bU _tbu athbull a at middotU _ Ubullbullbull 111-1 til I bull-1tva ta hn 1_- t bull aun do __tuft fII Cetttel181aabull _ tlly 0middot the ctftaU Ctt la 1M 1ft bullbull ftde ot ita U1_ fillbull ua n Cabullbulllie Qwnb _ _Ub peUUal JIIln _ Will ___ CeHmiddot _ teI laUMII aybull pl 1 U ashy Ja ur ianbullbullbullIf rau w the ne lob -Uti- I bull oul ala _ uu lewd_ Ie raew De tha btalp Uu Cathell Jtlursu_ t _ __
__ Catllelt8 cma UIceU
ttw_ rabullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull 1Me 1 _
Ie tlOftll Jaftmiddot the at-Ullft ( 101) bull
1lU ca1 a the 11 U IIIIlAIW
ala1ll alUlauF _ _I-a ) 1Ml1Md lWI
III MD dUCATI lit IICIIL AlIt) 1EUtIIbullbull A1fmtlll
a t __ 1 - --Uta- bullbull nlaUaattip t at
_ law_uaa _th nU 1a
ta ~ wiUl It I -JHUve aeoid lie
raquo -It _ MtatRl W _ at __
~ or 11111- leU 1
lIeUs- -- nUt1- - shy
1dta1 bullbull Ue MIl _tal 11
tftalel1ll - F title ___ 111 laWaet w ~_ tile ulllltlbull U_ till _
eU ~t u _ bullbullbullbullt __ _lal
-- -~
_a u _ 1Iut lute aU_ a _ U_
la _ bullbullbullbull181 _deIaIa fa Ute ~ __
Ie aU fit - Uta AU 111 til
u u _ bullm aM _
ampII II UtI
y Ie lNIl-a
wiU _ It 1 _uti 1111)
Cl1 (UII) t __ ta ll I li11
thH 11111 lie middotmiddot1Atl__d to bullbullbullbull tl1a poUUl
11 01_ he II III tIda Ie
bull u bullbullbullbull II c (INI)
tIIebull -J ~
11
tlaat sa iM W II
-a ampttl- JIl eWebull
- 1_ 1 Ja U 11 aItI
pbullbullle de 1 s err _ 1_ ~bullbull 1913)
11debullbull __ bullbullbullbull t bull u at 11 ca lSI)bull
1 (1111) bullbullbullbullbullbull 11_ t -
bullbullbullbulld _ JJItInl Ja nI bull U _ fI 7bulla
t -1 1a W
1lt III8UtI a thbull bullbullbullbullbull_ l Utbullbull la tile
_ ell_ a bull
-1 u aU_ 1 ltIUeillue WIr u- Ja catM1te
CItunIl
Sa d_ eampwlUaau __ lit u 1 lie 81-1 a1 -leu or VI_ bull ill Ul It all
u un _ --_ at peUUea1 aal shy
_ It __bull tun eM W tilbullbullbullbullbull1111
(It11) -- 1At 1
tha _ dl_ h ru~
tel - I bullbullW fit __
u wa pauJa _ It hie _ til
ISbullbull M- IeIIa_ lila
u III _ titbullbull I __ lIIdllen __Us 1M
Uu uftly
n Ie __ t bull ve _taU_
~ Uu Jft _ UIl-- tll_ staa-k
(12) ntlltl-- tU wan tvu at u ft bull _ b (1_) MIl
n ttl II Clatholad u _ bullbull t-- II -u-1 lawIl u_ Uvel
I 1a t tha 0 nllp_ nU
u1 dlffteu1U te A 11 ft th (0_ 1) bullbullu 111 Ie __
briefl til ~ lda flit ___bull leUtlshy
1 na _11bull lite -lUUet r NI1t1_ bull
to dudI dt18u1t ~
(1161) u _DUlti Ita atudl_ w tile bull -l1 _u lIIdr
- tudy ill _tit nil tIel1i the eue__
tlltIII he t IP hi theeI) atItJ1_ liIIDe
tn 1e bull _ CIIthell pleat 11a
_ cathoU___ 11 a teHt ta _ bull
tatuUbullbullshy tl the dbullbulld bull 11_
-tdaI It 1n the __ poundIIhU Ounh hila
13
Th v~iabl 0 age nd duction w~ chobullbulln bullbull th 0 pa~ticulu int~bullbullt Th popultion ra whioh the bullbullpl in the
p~bullbulllIftt tudy i dnwn oonit 0 -11 parthbullbull d bullbulloh paih
contin popl 0 11 age and ductional lvlbullbullinc the~ i only
on p~ih in ach loction Thue th~ i no pobullbullibi1ity 0 peop1
g on duotional 1vl o~ ag lvl wo~hipp1ng and int~acting bullbull
bull bullbullprat ~l1g1au group The popultiDn thu to bbullbull auitabl
on in which to t bullbullt the hypathbullbulli that ligioubullbullttitudbullbull v~y w1th
age nd duction
sbullbullbulltudibullbullbull~ piW only t givn ta Stau~middot (1955)
tudy 0 cCa~thyi_ and r ting~ Rick and Sohchw (156)
tudy 0 ~ligiou c~ii could only b dona t tibullbullbull when the ph_
to b invbullbullt1gtd o~ed t~bullbulllvaa to the ob~v Today tu~o11
ov~ changbullbull in the II Ctho1ic C~ch to o~ thi typo
oppo~tun1ty to the pnt ~bullbullbullbull~ch~ Chang i the tt~ 0 g~t bullbullt
concm in the Catholic Chu~ch t pnt Ctwt will b optionally
dfined ro~ the pu~_ 0 thi invbullbulltigtion bullbull any a1t~1ng or beli
o~ practic aong catholic that ha takn p1c 1n the pbullbullt t ty
ybullbull~ o~ i bullbullted o~ the o~bullbullabl utu~bullbull
Sinc the ch taking plac CDv~ Mfty pha bullbullbull 0 Ctho1ic li
it bullbull conaided pobullbulliIl1 to contNct bullbullcal 0 it ~latd to
thbullbullbull changbullbull and uabullbull p~aanbullbullco~ on thibullbullca1 indicto~
0 hibullbullttitudbullbull t ~ thbullbullbull chang ro~ the pu~pobullbullbull 0 thibullbulltudy
bull 1ib1 w optiona11y dined on who avo~bullbull chang and bull
contrvat1vbullbullbull on who oppobullbullbull chang The 1ib~-conbullbullrvativ
continuUII i otn on wed in rligioubullbullttitud r~ch (Ii 1965)
and i bull ci11y lIPP~opdtbullbullinc HUg10n i l1y conid~d
10
a conaarativa oc1al forc aut thi 1 not ly true and religiau
backing 1 otten g1 to libeNl and rad1cal c_d 01 udl chWlO
It bullbullbull conaldarad of pnctieal nd theoretical intet to dtlII1 if
hatarogenalty 0 ttltuda toward elliou obJact exlted in ordinay
0DnOrtion corying IIlth ag and aducation If 0 thi would
relat ralilau attitud to thobullbull ound In other ar Of nuan 11a
n i thue the nl pua 0 hibullbulltucly to clIPitaU tha
preat crl1bullbull c~a -thln tha ~n Clic Church and data~e
i l1011U attituda do ind vary in ralation to a MCI acIuoaUon
It cana1drecl d bullbulllr~a to hold tha dr 0 raliiaue
ailiation and Uta Ie actor abullbullttlltl _ pbullbulllItl to teat I htl that th i ariatl wi thl -snaU_l popu1aU
Thi 1 accaplihad ~y bullbull1otlng a population or retUlarly churchmiddot
ttandlng Catholic Peopl 0- labal t~lea a Catholic --Ply
baaauaa c1a pau or ~cauaa 0 tradltiGMl aaeealaUo
thll aa11y with the Cathollc Church IUGh aUlatiM eM haldly ~
acceptllCl aa a I_t or tlUlt Church rattl 1 aac-Rc or
Cathollc bal1e and pneUo To 1M IU chaol a ehch l
population cannot takn pr 0 the Ject t or
MIL llut it at l_t ur that lUI 1 are 1ft touch
wi th the c occurring 1ft the Cahl1c Church and hat Utaa e
have _ io OIl ir liv d hence ar 1 u tIt_ at l bullbullt
In aft aanae 0 the te
statiUoaUy lJlllti the populatlon tie chWoh-attandera do
rave or tII vari_l11y that would ~ lUnd it he papulation
1 del a oiU 0 anyone who Oh the lallNtl 0 Catholic lut thibullbullWely 1 not ifttareatad ln rl1iy t attitud_
11
that lie u 11middot lIIIIk 1M
th4I It _ 1t1a M
IIau _11 VII1yent11 al n
__ UM fill bullbullbullbullbull
the of bullbullbull __ a_ _ _VtI u 1a _ _
_ catMUe JU1l1 till _ t_
aW
I MLlIICf
uu ta tuIIy abe r_ fit
at _II bull lell Ill It e
_u leila (1_)bull
bull Ii bullbullbullbull -- e __ IIUl 1bullbulltI iAtt bullbullbull __ (II Ia) ruu I Ill bullbullbull JMiwitlual _1 IdbullbullIt _ (p_
bull tud1 ell _ fill
1 bullbull11 _ IIIIB leU (I)
bull tuIIy 1 thU Cdtu_
thtIl ~ 1UaUea _ 1 __ de u_ bull cw (1 lis n_tat_ bull _ ~I
11 bullbull_tIbull N lieU __ t ad_ ia
U _ of the - cathu 1
-al t -u vI -1c1aI
t I bullbull 111 Itt cau poundMacIft lleDt tItle
~ d t h1e a1_
16
-- 1 __ lIeUa tha bullbullbullbullbull will lie
ale __ _ ____
Iel and 1~eto (1965) elM PDIt that Ute gnup lp
or the ilMnt Mould be ken lA_ 1ft _~tude ah
They ehawed tha JMta ~ to lawft ~ bullbullPI bull
(bullbulltal deairab111ty) and L (Ua) _1_ heR ttlbullbullI1-nt_ a
cauouc 1t traquo MAtIld ~lt bullbull IMotOh then he
la Accen1ng It thia tudy - adaln1aU 0 h tna~t
by a 11_t -ould both helIt iM thbullbullaUaldl1ty h
8IIIt CllDUiINt______in U u_ IIh1I1
CMAmlll
I Il1MODI - HIT 1
ml f It shyThe ~ 11 aU lie ounlRM 1
~ bullbull ___ ~ 1 -la 1ft the pu 111 nMlv _ Me
tutu bullu _ an1 will he
at h _ Al1_ Ml (1161) __ tn
u lilt nUU __ 1_ bull
a1 _ uu u - _v - - The pUM n bullbullbull _ PllMI11
s- 1 __ 1eWM _we ca
wI Uu_ _
at bullbullbullbullbullbull
lle bullbullbullntt bullbull W leW bull _ _ _
1___Uwa1 bullbullbullbullbullbull 1 he 1eahtaJ Uta __~
-Uuel bullbull_1 1 All 1 bull
111bullbull1 an MIa In ie
- Catlu cane 1ft U
1ft to W
_ t at u_ _ at u
11
mal tN _a AU tile
1 1ft thla e bull u bullt - tba or the
u __ fit 1Mt At Ut U the lUI t JuI n - hit dl__ ( lN1) 1111_
tnIlllllllJe _ alAe _tIl tWI 1ft dIdIIt
Ill 1 hi
W m they fit _t ~
u-au_ TN_ _ 101
I 1INUMd ampb _Ill II pel _U
_111 ~_ -1 _ In
he u- __ 1 ampII
- A 11_ the - _ 1 11 III _ h
- aa he
1 bPl _ u
lftIIIII fA ple
V cal __ - tutu 01
1IIdamp rtan tie bullbull or CltNl_ 1ft
bullbullbullbullM MUM --_
It _ bullbullbullbullbull ta _ 1Ile ull 1111
_til the 1 11 1ft eteh
U tMIlftIII Illcuit 81th
IIltly U lhatl bull ___ IIJ he r
I bull
a hen tid u tNnr
1- - dun __ _
-
Cathllll or al 1tIheIt 11 II -r shy_111M lap _ne
Oft hi 1 _1M _
1M 18 - _t __ lI1ruu
IIlll-Mlr nNaU h Md _ bullbullbull round to be _
(eo ~ ta _ NUl) eh
bull -Ill - - - r --t thin 1- 1111 rtl1 r he _
to 0 wil Nt U uat11
_ Ie ~ th_ hln _ _ u-I tdth bull WhIt to ttl l _ iii
1Ml 1 Chunh 18tV111 hbullbullbull_ All he 1_ eleaed -s Iftla In V h cU eW
Oft bull - II1Iu1al r
bullUIIy or -- 1_ (1 3 I _ 20T I lI 1bullbull 16 17 II
I nrua) ntUhIIII u bIlinl ~ - CUMll
Chunh The IIhu (It 1 It 6bullbullt 10 U U II I)
to ttl I bullbull tal cell
Chi_ hi 1-middot plaeed -l8JIea w tbu
10
_ - tiN
11bullbull1 a _ _ _- n () -1 tie _ bull 11
______hi bullbullbullbullbull _hi all__ JaI bull
_ nt (au tNII C
__ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullat _ taIIlil
I eu nbullbull Ml ___
a - Ilut - _ tMN JM1 _ and
-1 til ~ - bull I shy
abullbull IIM UIIt til h
rbullbull bullbull IIbullbull
I ___ 1II1et WIIl _ it_ -l nI
IIu 11 III - tN 11
_ al W I ilia Nt SIal M
ltI -d 1D Ud at au _
-111 s UIuIl _ lie autleWl 1M MUM
bull bullbullbull 1_ - _
_ at AU 1ft 1 of -
U _ ~ _tal petntSamp1 _
_ W ~bullbulld plPi_ in
tN Nel fit ~ he caubullbull n bullbullbull11 the 1M th _
t21 L ~ fMM - w_ fit (1) bullbullau _
21
itbout chng to p~t good dicrilnatlon alone the liberalshy
conervativ continuua ror pl In the rea or clrical dieiplinbull
ny Catholic ar eoncrnd with the prbullbullbullnt harta9 or clr9Y In
Catholic prih Thi uaually ratbullbullbull the quatian at clarical
clibcy Three it (2 11 and 15) perltt the rbullbullpondant to
diacrilnate bull 11ttle In 111 attitude toward hi tutUI ching Ite
11 bullbullrly ak it the chang to rrid clrlY 1bullbullIreable to the
rbullbullpendant It 2 bullbullk ir bull r bullbullpondnt thinka thi chang would rbullbullu1t
in lood bullbullrvic to peepl It 15 ineerpotbullbull the bullbullt rrquant
oent in the rirt two pilot tudibullbull whioh iapUbullbull tht thi chang
to nld clrgy llight raul t in battr bullbullrvic baerried
clrgy would hv bttr inaight into rly lir It i rbl to
ua tht bull preon ight ccapt bull chang to bull nid olrlY van
though bdobullbull not rbullbullbullbullbull it bullbull rbullbullu1ting in _d or bttr bullbullrvic but
bullbullrly beubullbull h d It noy to the bullbullitanc or the Churoh bullbull
h k it Hbullbullilht 10 think _nid clrgy auld 11v bttbullbull
bullbullbullvic or llight nat H could 10 think bullbullrried clrgy would liv
ltettr bullbullrvio but prrr the clibat olrlY h hebull awn cautDaad to
Thue 11 thr it hlp dicrillit bullbull r~ntmiddotbullbullttitud taad
thi chantbullbull
Th caaaant or dir r antbullbull180 indicted _ canebullbulln
over the poalUon cr woan in the Chuch T_ itbullbull tap thibullbull1bullbull cr
change It 1 chck the pandentmiddot tUtude to_rd bull intbullbulll
paUcipaUon by _en in worhlp nd it 15 chck hibullbulltUtUde toward
bull rl clrgy
It 16 and 18 both chok the bullbullbullpendant attitude t 1d the
ua_ of uthorlty in the Churoh Itaa 9 10 and 12 are all concrned
22
wi In hip U_ in he ChINh 1- 4 If 14
en bull __ _th he 1IffId1dU_ r the _ 111
Ute w ubullbullr u Ctweh all ani u hM
_ tile da 11bull CetMllM
th- tit~ _tdtIen W bull -Ia _
_ 1ft CNIlJ Ua ha en a _ I he
CltNIUL
f1M1 n lfI 1M Thl lnal _all _ leld Me lay -1At 11_ to 6U Calhal1M
~ vial 1A _1 parllh in I -n aagon au
DOIIPlated U 111 the allot tJu __1tIg tohl
II1ddla or tttl 111bullbull and _ __ -kad for a
~rr or tl rtlilU1ta
A epllt-halr nllelAlUbullbullaJG1ant Gtd tor the de
obtaineG nil heM tiO ta and _ tllUftd to be A co~relaU_
an thl uwn and t hal the 1Dampl __MIt
_ampI ou_ t bl ill
II IETMIDI NIT 11
Th Catall adahop ~I 1 tact
_1_ ta thl ftMa to any ar $tsa palJt 0 hI ____
the Itudy The filioo_ t lMIIJcI _ 0 catam 0
-J bull t 32 auINRlta _ parun ar he pa-__ Ira _U
1- than 20 tU ut ttbullbull fa bull la1 peJah_ and the
lan1 deAlcted that bull tnUfia_Una lan would orbullbull
23
bettr bull 1 or the population Th parihs wer dlvided into thr
group (1 - 200 rtltbullbull 201 - 00 r-111bullbull and 401 - 600 raillbullbull )
Dna parih each rroa the two larger group and our aall pariaha wr
randoaly bullbulllactad a the pl or par1h to bbullbullurv~ad Thue tha
ubJect contitut a randaa stretirid ple or the church-going
population or the R Catholic D10c of BIIcr Sinc thre 1 only
one Catholic paih in the bullbull1 town and ciUbullbull or E_tern OnIOn all
church10ing Catholic or th1 ara ar OlOad to worhip together thus
abullbulluring the bullbuller1llntr t t the vadablbullbull or 1Ig and ducation will
b rairly rprntativ or the entir Catholic population or the ar
The experientr a Cathol1c pribullbullt orrioiated at the regular
Sunday erv1cbullbull or the padshbullbull included in the ple During the tibullbull
in tha service regularly devoted to a eran he aked the u~r to pa
out copis or the attitude acale and pencil to bar or the
congregation Arter thbullbullbull -d been distributed the Eucpedantar read
the introductory paragraph or the quUonnair to the congregation H
requeted thelr cooplation in coapltiO the it and orr8led to
anwer any quetion when the elvice over Tanty ainut war
allotad to the subject ror coaplation of ttle attitude cal The
bullbullrvice _ concluded in the usual annel and the ePerinter anred
any quetion that c up
A and EdypaUal Lbullbulll bull
for the purpo anal ying the data or the tudy the ubJectbull
bullbullre dividd into thrbullbull aoe IIOUP and rour ducation 11OUP thus
living a _trix 0 t_lv call The age IIOUPbullbullbullr (1) Jct
24
btn IS-30 yar 0 ao (2) eubJaot btn 31-50 yar (3)
ubJct 51 yn 0 or oldr Thi dlvllon baed uan bullbullvnI
conidration ThbullbullubJeot in the irt ege group have lived aot or
thair livbullbull in a changing Catholic Church It i bullbull~acted that they
will be Muoh more accpting 0 change then the other groupbullbullince changa
1 1bullbullbull unuual to th Tha ubJact In the bullbullcand group havs pant
01 or their live in bull Church that did little changing end hence are
expected to b 1bullbullbull accepting Dr chang The third group Ul hava
pnt Much ora t1bullbull than ither 0 tha other group in an unchanging
rligiou atbullbullpher It i bullbull~ected that thy wiU b the t
conervativ group
The division 0 ducation into our lvelbullbullbullbullbullbulld the 8Ot
p~tical ro tha tandpoint at the gneral population to bbullbullurvayd
Gradbullbullchool high chaol __ ooUaobullbull Md a caplatad tour yaar
oollg education bullbullra oanaidred tha aibullbullt diviion to k in our
population aina they ak undratandable diviiona 01 the rapandania
lind each lavl oanUtutbullbull an appreciabl aducational dierenca Ya
at chool caplstad thue conatitutesour oparational dtinitian or
education
III PREOICTIONS
In the lioht 0 tha previous diacu ion and tha r bullbullult at tha
pilot tucUbullbull the allowing pred1ctiona bullbullre _dbullbull
1 Scarbullbull an the prbullbullant hal a the acale will b highr than
acorbullbull on the utuw halt Thi prdiction t bullbullted ith a tet
ror correlated data
2 Younger Catholic bullbullUl tend to be 01 liberal or accepting
25
tit _ A rtAun MIl ttl caul
latlaa _ ~ toe teet 1 ypo
J eav11bullbullbull111 Ie -_ r _
to u will with 1_ renal A _rn1eUon _
t w hy~bullbull
DtAPTII 111
TIIIIIle 1 vee the __ bull bullhe tUIIa Mample
bull bullbull1 lPtti A tnIl
lQM hi aW- II lO1S
_ ubullbullIe n leta _ bull
TM _ _ the -1 21
to iIIplrl _ the ~ _ bullbull _- p1Me
NI ten h
TIIIJ1e 1 v t 14 iD tile bull AVi tnI UlnaIbullbulldbullbull
aIl TNwe a I
hiIhl ~ tie Thi moa - cauu u ~
__u VIan U Ie The
bull _ MI a lea _
u- tee __ tqb
TM _ 1A TIIIIla 1 II at t _ u Uta _ 1M U ten_
- -
27
TAamppound J
bullbullEI or II POt DUCATl IIOUP
IIAI bull ntl anl1l8r 8CampI
Old ~ (a bull raquoa)(ft bull 113) (bullbull m)
middot ~~--~~~ - r---~~~ 2-l i I
~ i ~ ~ I )~--middot~---iimiddotmiddot---~~~middot~_~_~middotn i
I j II UI I bull III I n 11- i bull 124 I bull 111bull bull 84 I
~ 1
_-------middot4---middotmiddotmiddot_middot+------1
~ bull-1 n
bull bull 111 bull bull 116bull 10
-bull bull 121
1
(n bull UI)
shy
1
(a bull 3-)
cu (bullbull 2U)
bull mmiddot CoU
(a bull 17)
In fig 1 the mean IIOOfeamp or eech educUonal grC1lp 18 plotld
c)gd not dye Lowr scures middotIe indio gtl1vn of conE1rvatislII 8nll h bull gher
soor~s of 11b8ld eta Of groilolr cceptfnc1 of ot) nge Hmiddot~ d t et(JW b
tlf900 tOWfO mo EG libel 1 tti tUt19sin youngt respondentG 19
mi((UfII-gIH t~iQr 9croo1 gredudtas were just eligrtly more LblSral t n
tc younger ligl school QridIJt~S The corrsltion btlDaan 8core8 on
tilm dtitude 8cle finc -g9 was 51 Ulhich is atntist~cll) signifLclnt
t ttlpound bull 11 lsvsl TrG corrailttion between accres on tre attitud~3 scel~
1)nd age wlth educaration prtialled aut was 36 TNa younglill pelOjlla sro
SEHn to bs signlficanU) more accepting 01 change ttln older people
In fig 1 tt-a tH8n COrliS or each gloup ale plott td Il9Ilnet
th~ four Qduc~1tionEll 18113 Thli trend toward l1Il rEt liberal attitiJdo6
wi t ncroiJsnr F1iJCation is slimn in thfll graph Tta eorriltloUon butween
scar on tI~ GCelA ana echoicbull tion 118$ bull ti wlch is 8ignifiCtlnt (tt the
Jl lEtllel n~ corrsl~t1on betwgon scor on ttt~ IICel ~nd f4duQtton
lIIitt ugo pltrtiall~d out lIIes 3amp Thue edUcation is e~n to bil
signifiesntly relatQd to aecfgtptftMC8 at cr~ngo more aduc tad rlJsjJondpnts
tanding to ecclpt ctangua molS r9i11dil) th~in lee oducated 0098
Ttfl date Indice ted t~ilt tlere was no CIOfInlEltion bt~ttl1m1n )gc QItd
sducation (I -db) t Impling no overlap 1n the variance aoountilc for
by the two voriablas 80 a multiple R was computed The ~ultiple R
between 8cores on the acale and E)ge and education was bullbulla About 16
of the variance on ttese 8cores is trus predictablo from age and
education
A 1 test using the formula for carrelatad observations I UlliS done
on t9 deta from the future nd present t1Bllles of tg sc-ale T-e
bullbull
29
-~---------=l GJ8d Schaal bull 6 High School 0- __0
S COlla amiddotmiddotmiddota i
4 yra Collage bull ibull
G_ Amiddot 7- 0
bull bull - - 0 JI bullbull bull N
a
laquo
Old 1l1ddla
AGE
riquE 1 Ian acorbullbull on the attitude Bcele or the foul lIducaUone1 lavl plotted againet eg The highsr ths cors on the aeale the are liberal 01 accepting or change are the reapondenta
lJ
Did Jj a dIIle 0 0 Yatal Il- --D
11
bull
1 2 3
poundDUCATIObullbullL~V[LS
1M a bull _ne the ttltwde elbullbullr th thne poupe plt1M11 lwl The hlp Uw _ on the ele the _n 111 01 --URe or h nepond_e
31
1 - oMbullbullbull 36~)l (p lt 111) 1ndl0U auort tor th hypol
that Cthollcbullbullre _rbullbullcoepting or chabullbull alrdy lMt1 tutad than
they 1 of future hypothlzd chang
U lOR IlOllDUAL nos
S ot the 1t_ in the ttltudbullbullcalbullbullr8 ot bullbulldl Intt
btlcauae thf rtl~ot tUtudU r bull IMt iltpartnett in th
Cetllo110 Churgt todey Itbullbull 6 11 13 end 16 hev be n anAlyzlld
IIDrtl ull y than thtt othr And 1 preted 1n th U1 our
fgur to how th ulte In tr d taU ttaaa 6 11 and 13
wre ~ the uture pert 0 the 8cal and it 16 1 the prt
pert 0 th ace1
lba t
f lIUr8 3 the pnta or Meh I Ihel 111 th 1t_
bull (Dlvo-rrr1d Ctho1icbullbullhou1d b p~tted to raciv the
bullbullonu illy C-uon van though thlr bullbullaond urlbullbullbull
1 inval1d according to na~al tndard) Ovral 61 ot the
r bullbullpond t bullbullbullreed that 01 involved ln invalld 111hould
bbullbull11_0 to rbullbulliv the aat rlgur 3 that ln ach
group at l t ~a~ ot the repond ahaI thl preibullbulliv attltudbullbull
In the youngr ana _1 educatd lrouP _lIIOt 7b~ or ttl raepondant bull
bull xpl dlt with pnnt polley Svnty-toUl IGent or th
rnat wlth a 0011 eduoat1an agreed to bull changbullbullbull d1d 68)11 0 th r8apondant undr thirty y or bullbullbullbull
32
Old Yaung
I~-- -gt- bullbullbull
56~ 5~
- 1
7t~ ~ ~
f
_IDIUJ fiayenr 3 Thl pen_tag 1n ROh II 1-inI _th It 6 J_ 6 Dlvolc- llbd Catha110bull bull haul It t Icl n aact ( otal1r -Uftlon) bull theulh nll bullbull cencI_1 1 bull lavU aoollldl to --
Gbullbull SohaDl
Call
33
DIIl1 rl 4 vee theu1t 0 the VllY itbull U (PII
ehould _t U ta _fty) OvU 57j or the ehUloh
Cthollbullbull 1ft 1 bullbulltud) Ind1oat that th dl with the Cethol1
ChulGhf poUe) 0 bullbull1J_ 0 h al St __ 0 th IIhUlGh _th bull 1tecI DOn aU_ 111 w1~
t pall SJn 1M 0 h young - dl
with t polla) ~ the yaur Cathctll0 wih bull DOll
eduoatlon ~ dlred wlh th 01011 polle
Hau (leuI 5 tivu Ue peentege 1ft -h tIlI wUh
It_ 13 (__ t VI all__ 0 I bullbullU) A t
mt dl wlth hi U 1 eu t be yl that h would
1n evo 0 heving _1 aly Jn the Cthta1la Chunn uno to 81_
wlth th Ita bullbull p 1 to vo the prt peltAl i al
th data thet the bullbullt _Jult 0 to accept prlbullbull at hI U OwaU 16 C d with the
lOhl~ltlon 0 1 al) Thl t-wo proan or hdeft with a eoU eductaU 1I1d with he plOhUalUan 0 _11ft pl bullbull
EducaUan bull- to IIbullbull Ill to In eooep 0 __ pllbullbull
heft
ll a (1 6 V hlta D th MI_ on 1- 11 (To a
catholl0 It 1 ft to ta1n an ye 0 U elel nh
cantHI dvlo end the W th aontnl pill) Th data h at
34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
- Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and practices correlated with age and education
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QlAPTER PAGE
III RESULTS bull bull bull bull bull 26
Csnsrl Rsult bull 26
Sa Individual It bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 31
IV DISCUSSION AND IIPLICATION5 bull bull bull 38
Canerl Dicusion 38
Discubullbullion or Saa Individual It bull 41
Furthr Rbullbullbullbullrch Pobullbullibiliti bull bull 47
REFERENCES APPtIOIX S2
LIST Of TABLES
TABLE PAGE
I Nuber or Reepondent in Each Age end EdUcational
Group and Group Ian an Attitude Scale bull bull bull bull bull 27
LIST or FlClIIES
fIGURE PAGE
1
2
bull So an the ttl~ eaal or the rou eIItIatlone1 1 bullbullbulll plotd nat Th hilhel the 0 the 8Oal the 1111 0 bull 0cU 0 c 1 the Int bull bull bull bull bull bull
bull eaol_ 8ft the tUtudbullbullaal 0 the thlH lnup plotted _lnat duoaUOMl 1 Th hilhel the eoOI the eaal the _1 111bullbull181 1 colng 0 ohang 1 the Ieepondent bull bull bull bull bull bull
2
middot3
bullbull
Th PIC_tag In eh llOUP 1 wlh itbullbull 6 It_ 6 D1ve~lllad Catholl0 ahauld II peao1tad to eelbullbull thbullbullbulleent (01811) C-n1an) bullbullbull though thleoond _ITI 1 lalld oconll to ftOaal Und Th plo In eaoh IOUII dl_l with It_ 11 It_ 11 P l bullbulltbullbullhauld t all g ~y bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull
32
I Th pn 1ft MOh lroup di_l_l1 wi th It_ 13 It_ 13 I t It all_ad to bec_ l bullbullt bull bull 35
6 Th pen In HOh I d111 with It 16 It 16 To be bull CathoUc l 1 neee) to lft M) 0 MUlel81 b1 th a8ftt~l d10 and the IIllth GontlDl pill 36
ItmlllUCflM
In tIttt middoteWbull _ bullbullbull bullbull1
u _ __
a Itt bullbullW _ 11 __
_ the 1 ton
_ tUmiddot _ aM Je _
_ - ut aamp1 MUt le 1 bull _ _ or th_
lIIIUbullbullbulllate lit 1 101) (Aun lnt)
_to at Itud I __a _tal bull
at to 11 1_ 1 t p2ftt bullbull flW ~_
-tin tt a in tet _t -1Wt __ bullbull__ ttte rat w 1 aftu_ ttl
bull tuel tIuIt de _ bullbullbull1 IalUty _tltllly
Al_1NIh l ~ed ltodbullbullUy bullbullbull 80M _ -
11111_1 Mil 0 rUn the i
11y i Itbull wo UftUl pnt tMN 11
Id u ptibullbull 1_
etu -1_tl 1_
bull albullbullbullbulll t lIeU Irw UtIbull
bullbullbulltlll __ U 111 th
bull WIll_ tU-
1tda w UIIII ln cal __ ttl _
lalU_ at u _ t I I All (1m) Ja _ u -u ~ or t taed
11uaebull dllUI dbull tftflvtrMe
he iMl_JAIlUaltbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull til u e1Uu_ 11th WdOh
It 11 18 bull Knoh tNnald (INa) lft Utat
bull _ 11MaUM r _UU_l --1 1 1M tilt
t lIIIU~ ~1tt lau MIl lteut (lftl) 1111
UuIita iMSVSlbullbullbullbull _ 0 bullbull1
WU_ UQ _ 0- tueu_u_
tWe JIIIIn en stu to Id a
bull _ -ta _ ial ~ bullbullbullbullbullbull tifta bullbulla_
_to 1 ua1e dla1IIIU1ahad an attltuda tJb111h la bull hbull uul _to to
_ bullbull _ a w __ a el III n t _ ~
U 1e lie _ n -i__u at V
1amplJIII (K-a JIIWa ampaU 1n3)
he ~ 111 _
-1 __ atut at
I
11 bullbullbull I fet nbullbull_
II
u -lbullbullbullM r -J wltIlt
elf tda llUtat fila Ie IIIIlI
t_ at tU 1IIVal err 1Ml
JllllaUt lit fit
til u s lie JupUr _ IIOUDM (C aM 1) bull
11 eM bullbullbullbull _Wi ubull alIA fI Ju u a-l_ shy
ilr aM _
-u A _ bullbullbullbull1_ It __ bullbullbull1amp811 wetul ampIt
VltaU MIl lte at
bullbull1_ 1bullbull11
bull IIllAl a (I 111 1110)
1 Ie aW tile
1 ia at I 1_ f1da u 1 nl bullbull
_- til __
0IIIIIlIInalIbullbull MIl s 1ha __ _ _ tie
u _ nbullbull Ia -1_ ubullbull A 11 or nu 9IPbullbullbullbullbull (1amp
CIIIII_ IIIUbullbull lMt) Ia _ __
_deaau __-1M tile
U The ---11bullbull (Iaa tetlllnd lilt) tMt
at tievttlIIp - 1tha1
gaala 1bullbullbullUtudu 1~ 1ft the rarnie 4M1wWual __bull Ttda II ~ u of
__ _ tUw eM _ U of
at Uudee 1 11) tha eft ri 1e
___ iftdlvll ___a at tNt
TIMt _ttude en Uta iMlitIual
1 U ellbull tie the bull of etU 18
1 Ut lMtpl a ana ( 1
15) The _1ft th_ -1 bullbull
aA _ bull -__1tue- u 1
bullbullUw reI thw l
n an 1 ~ Ia lead1lll
U_ A _1 0 a-U- Me
aM _ftllld _t ubullbull 0 la pmubullbull -IY Inall the ea_ I
pp t01 I itt ~
__ by _ ttovlMd hi _n_ ( bull 1M - albullbull
lt53r CaU 1915) at the -JR liN of ttt1
vi Jt 1bullbullt1ault ti oonolta_ the le
-bull bull t 1bullbulltlan t __iII_ VI pnMl_bullbull and
explaMt1_ ft 11 olotJ 0 lD1l1ft1111
1111 bullbull 1 heIa1 r__18a UtI Ift 0 lat
to 1eIII1d
the WId or -111bullbullbullu __ 1 ptIItl_
111 the tude rbullbull 1fIIIk bull III a_ aeo1a1 _au hlJtl-~= 111
_ 1 bull the flbullbullr nJJt1-
_ MU 1au ~ ( 1)
-- aitua __
bullbullbull -r alettbullbull II -lJt1- va bullbullbullbullbull __ Dr u u uuaa1l ~d-eltllale _ 1a 11 -e 1 bullbull11 the ala or u u _lta bullbull_J IIM _la pa___ or __ foaaula bull-__ v ___ bull lIMn tIItlr at _1ftIau aUl I the ar a or u bullbullUll _ft 1l1libull -uu at _ _-1 -1 bull hytHlttt or -l _upI (P 1M)bull
ttl-- _ to
~ Ute _ or ttta tete _ bullbull to J_ hie 1J1IeIt _
_al fJI 1Ih1lta 1An__ tAl
IU v 1aM_ IIUIIIh _ 1111- _all _
1 ~ 1 - bull Ja r _douD 1i1i1_ Iheu1II
bullbullbull__ v_ ta 1 nlJtiauebull t
lWllaa __ un_u U eualr bullbullbull lie
an W ft uuu 1 _Jaw 1
6
It IICIM _ ani
ltw _lal u 111 bull _hibull
1Una n -1 in --
an 11 _Uett __ __tIht_ help in
bull 1 bullbullbull- ll _til la
II) 1 _ wl tit - n toIMJ -lC _
w lad _ u_ 1 alwaUaa
HI __1 _ II aU Ut1e _lt1l -uti- tIM __ Ult
~ (1dI_ al HIO)
A f _ ttlw
bull bullbull11 __ _ bullbull1
_ __ Itl I ttthl bullbull laW
) Ie bullbull -Jitle-
__1 te_ bull til -11tshy
sa re aU 1M n IIAe
u _ IRI y1_ 1 dt
_ u uaa la 1Id
- fit _
_ til at all u 8 _ 1 om - altieal or N _ bullbullbullbull
1a te t u dI ult1thlR
1
Chdau ehunh _1 Ja u III a
1 bullbullbullbull-iftI tU 1M _t-iaUu 1IIel11111-- U_ aN lautt
trr the 11111 1 - n Aibullbull1 I _ aM
___ Ie tit _ ua ~ u pea
_11fbullbullbull bull __ 111 al 111 at bull
auv It 1e aU- _111
~ _ aw (1M2) bullbullad
-1 ~pat 11-_ _ 1ft ill tuIIy
__Ill
1MIebullbull_ wi _ -181 __ ~
Ie - 1IlUtl shy
Ute 1bull a __ I bullbullbull __ at au_ TIlle Itt_ ul us -
ua _ 11111 ur a lipid -_ 1 _ at I ~ 1
1 _ _~ __0 I aM 11bullbull 1ft
_ly Qdha110 a UICt1y 1a Utleal
bull -uu vUt1aJ I 170 _ Ute
or -l U bullbulllee Ud
LE bullbull1_ _ U rabull
bull U-1 1II8llUea1 er ct _
UU_ the _ t _ -urbull the _ -111 tit 1aU_ C1 U _
_ t~ ia bull hiuU
bull
bull Dull (1169) bullbullbull_ - _
_ _ the -l canebullbull - 1IIdel ~ JaIl
Slshy Uv _ cut_
I Ia bullbullbull VI2I1 _W N ___ bullbullPAI II 1IItJ_1 11_ IUln Iot _ the 1 tINt IIbull rat bullt _u-l 4SU bull _ bull bullbullbullbullbullft41 fII ~ bullbullbull1 bull _ill bullbullrlbullbullbull _tAlA hili III 1amp vbulla C _ra _ cu II h tide al ello bullbull bull bullbullbull jteUMI 1etIlM r I - _ul1 ad cttU 1 _ _ lJaI lUAlMll C_ (p 1ft)bull
__ _ fit ff1Au1 Alll
u t _ _ _ _al_
lIa It cttUa _ ~
efl bull cl ttlbull bull u _ fII _ __ It in the Ill CI IDlnR cau _ II __ _ __ ea __ -- 1lIeU WtHU P _ 1 of llllUat Ute III _ tile - _ u u bullbullbullbull1__ u tIIua la of u _ _Ie itt aubull u bull bullbullUb tltSe bullbull w M I11 _ _ el__U rashyt cbullbull)
- t 01 cau or wth ell tIltII tit -tal
u I ___ ampeIl- bullbullbullbullbull bull ft _ _ Ute bullbullbullIal ttI
(ItO) _It_ tit _ r bull u-
_ cata1kl_ r ial MI l _ __
the rena or ur 1tl-1 _
T UftCu_ lflaftUFlU etMlf can atullito -1) tIMlla ttt _Dla _ by ttta 11bull 1M cUrt t 1a DaU ft _atoleMl au_ II bU _tbu athbull a at middotU _ Ubullbullbull 111-1 til I bull-1tva ta hn 1_- t bull aun do __tuft fII Cetttel181aabull _ tlly 0middot the ctftaU Ctt la 1M 1ft bullbull ftde ot ita U1_ fillbull ua n Cabullbulllie Qwnb _ _Ub peUUal JIIln _ Will ___ CeHmiddot _ teI laUMII aybull pl 1 U ashy Ja ur ianbullbullbullIf rau w the ne lob -Uti- I bull oul ala _ uu lewd_ Ie raew De tha btalp Uu Cathell Jtlursu_ t _ __
__ Catllelt8 cma UIceU
ttw_ rabullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull 1Me 1 _
Ie tlOftll Jaftmiddot the at-Ullft ( 101) bull
1lU ca1 a the 11 U IIIIlAIW
ala1ll alUlauF _ _I-a ) 1Ml1Md lWI
III MD dUCATI lit IICIIL AlIt) 1EUtIIbullbull A1fmtlll
a t __ 1 - --Uta- bullbull nlaUaattip t at
_ law_uaa _th nU 1a
ta ~ wiUl It I -JHUve aeoid lie
raquo -It _ MtatRl W _ at __
~ or 11111- leU 1
lIeUs- -- nUt1- - shy
1dta1 bullbull Ue MIl _tal 11
tftalel1ll - F title ___ 111 laWaet w ~_ tile ulllltlbull U_ till _
eU ~t u _ bullbullbullbullt __ _lal
-- -~
_a u _ 1Iut lute aU_ a _ U_
la _ bullbullbullbull181 _deIaIa fa Ute ~ __
Ie aU fit - Uta AU 111 til
u u _ bullm aM _
ampII II UtI
y Ie lNIl-a
wiU _ It 1 _uti 1111)
Cl1 (UII) t __ ta ll I li11
thH 11111 lie middotmiddot1Atl__d to bullbullbullbull tl1a poUUl
11 01_ he II III tIda Ie
bull u bullbullbullbull II c (INI)
tIIebull -J ~
11
tlaat sa iM W II
-a ampttl- JIl eWebull
- 1_ 1 Ja U 11 aItI
pbullbullle de 1 s err _ 1_ ~bullbull 1913)
11debullbull __ bullbullbullbull t bull u at 11 ca lSI)bull
1 (1111) bullbullbullbullbullbull 11_ t -
bullbullbullbulld _ JJItInl Ja nI bull U _ fI 7bulla
t -1 1a W
1lt III8UtI a thbull bullbullbullbullbull_ l Utbullbull la tile
_ ell_ a bull
-1 u aU_ 1 ltIUeillue WIr u- Ja catM1te
CItunIl
Sa d_ eampwlUaau __ lit u 1 lie 81-1 a1 -leu or VI_ bull ill Ul It all
u un _ --_ at peUUea1 aal shy
_ It __bull tun eM W tilbullbullbullbullbull1111
(It11) -- 1At 1
tha _ dl_ h ru~
tel - I bullbullW fit __
u wa pauJa _ It hie _ til
ISbullbull M- IeIIa_ lila
u III _ titbullbull I __ lIIdllen __Us 1M
Uu uftly
n Ie __ t bull ve _taU_
~ Uu Jft _ UIl-- tll_ staa-k
(12) ntlltl-- tU wan tvu at u ft bull _ b (1_) MIl
n ttl II Clatholad u _ bullbull t-- II -u-1 lawIl u_ Uvel
I 1a t tha 0 nllp_ nU
u1 dlffteu1U te A 11 ft th (0_ 1) bullbullu 111 Ie __
briefl til ~ lda flit ___bull leUtlshy
1 na _11bull lite -lUUet r NI1t1_ bull
to dudI dt18u1t ~
(1161) u _DUlti Ita atudl_ w tile bull -l1 _u lIIdr
- tudy ill _tit nil tIel1i the eue__
tlltIII he t IP hi theeI) atItJ1_ liIIDe
tn 1e bull _ CIIthell pleat 11a
_ cathoU___ 11 a teHt ta _ bull
tatuUbullbullshy tl the dbullbulld bull 11_
-tdaI It 1n the __ poundIIhU Ounh hila
13
Th v~iabl 0 age nd duction w~ chobullbulln bullbull th 0 pa~ticulu int~bullbullt Th popultion ra whioh the bullbullpl in the
p~bullbulllIftt tudy i dnwn oonit 0 -11 parthbullbull d bullbulloh paih
contin popl 0 11 age and ductional lvlbullbullinc the~ i only
on p~ih in ach loction Thue th~ i no pobullbullibi1ity 0 peop1
g on duotional 1vl o~ ag lvl wo~hipp1ng and int~acting bullbull
bull bullbullprat ~l1g1au group The popultiDn thu to bbullbull auitabl
on in which to t bullbullt the hypathbullbulli that ligioubullbullttitudbullbull v~y w1th
age nd duction
sbullbullbulltudibullbullbull~ piW only t givn ta Stau~middot (1955)
tudy 0 cCa~thyi_ and r ting~ Rick and Sohchw (156)
tudy 0 ~ligiou c~ii could only b dona t tibullbullbull when the ph_
to b invbullbullt1gtd o~ed t~bullbulllvaa to the ob~v Today tu~o11
ov~ changbullbull in the II Ctho1ic C~ch to o~ thi typo
oppo~tun1ty to the pnt ~bullbullbullbull~ch~ Chang i the tt~ 0 g~t bullbullt
concm in the Catholic Chu~ch t pnt Ctwt will b optionally
dfined ro~ the pu~_ 0 thi invbullbulltigtion bullbull any a1t~1ng or beli
o~ practic aong catholic that ha takn p1c 1n the pbullbullt t ty
ybullbull~ o~ i bullbullted o~ the o~bullbullabl utu~bullbull
Sinc the ch taking plac CDv~ Mfty pha bullbullbull 0 Ctho1ic li
it bullbull conaided pobullbulliIl1 to contNct bullbullcal 0 it ~latd to
thbullbullbull changbullbull and uabullbull p~aanbullbullco~ on thibullbullca1 indicto~
0 hibullbullttitudbullbull t ~ thbullbullbull chang ro~ the pu~pobullbullbull 0 thibullbulltudy
bull 1ib1 w optiona11y dined on who avo~bullbull chang and bull
contrvat1vbullbullbull on who oppobullbullbull chang The 1ib~-conbullbullrvativ
continuUII i otn on wed in rligioubullbullttitud r~ch (Ii 1965)
and i bull ci11y lIPP~opdtbullbullinc HUg10n i l1y conid~d
10
a conaarativa oc1al forc aut thi 1 not ly true and religiau
backing 1 otten g1 to libeNl and rad1cal c_d 01 udl chWlO
It bullbullbull conaldarad of pnctieal nd theoretical intet to dtlII1 if
hatarogenalty 0 ttltuda toward elliou obJact exlted in ordinay
0DnOrtion corying IIlth ag and aducation If 0 thi would
relat ralilau attitud to thobullbull ound In other ar Of nuan 11a
n i thue the nl pua 0 hibullbulltucly to clIPitaU tha
preat crl1bullbull c~a -thln tha ~n Clic Church and data~e
i l1011U attituda do ind vary in ralation to a MCI acIuoaUon
It cana1drecl d bullbulllr~a to hold tha dr 0 raliiaue
ailiation and Uta Ie actor abullbullttlltl _ pbullbulllItl to teat I htl that th i ariatl wi thl -snaU_l popu1aU
Thi 1 accaplihad ~y bullbull1otlng a population or retUlarly churchmiddot
ttandlng Catholic Peopl 0- labal t~lea a Catholic --Ply
baaauaa c1a pau or ~cauaa 0 tradltiGMl aaeealaUo
thll aa11y with the Cathollc Church IUGh aUlatiM eM haldly ~
acceptllCl aa a I_t or tlUlt Church rattl 1 aac-Rc or
Cathollc bal1e and pneUo To 1M IU chaol a ehch l
population cannot takn pr 0 the Ject t or
MIL llut it at l_t ur that lUI 1 are 1ft touch
wi th the c occurring 1ft the Cahl1c Church and hat Utaa e
have _ io OIl ir liv d hence ar 1 u tIt_ at l bullbullt
In aft aanae 0 the te
statiUoaUy lJlllti the populatlon tie chWoh-attandera do
rave or tII vari_l11y that would ~ lUnd it he papulation
1 del a oiU 0 anyone who Oh the lallNtl 0 Catholic lut thibullbullWely 1 not ifttareatad ln rl1iy t attitud_
11
that lie u 11middot lIIIIk 1M
th4I It _ 1t1a M
IIau _11 VII1yent11 al n
__ UM fill bullbullbullbullbull
the of bullbullbull __ a_ _ _VtI u 1a _ _
_ catMUe JU1l1 till _ t_
aW
I MLlIICf
uu ta tuIIy abe r_ fit
at _II bull lell Ill It e
_u leila (1_)bull
bull Ii bullbullbullbull -- e __ IIUl 1bullbulltI iAtt bullbullbull __ (II Ia) ruu I Ill bullbullbull JMiwitlual _1 IdbullbullIt _ (p_
bull tud1 ell _ fill
1 bullbull11 _ IIIIB leU (I)
bull tuIIy 1 thU Cdtu_
thtIl ~ 1UaUea _ 1 __ de u_ bull cw (1 lis n_tat_ bull _ ~I
11 bullbull_tIbull N lieU __ t ad_ ia
U _ of the - cathu 1
-al t -u vI -1c1aI
t I bullbull 111 Itt cau poundMacIft lleDt tItle
~ d t h1e a1_
16
-- 1 __ lIeUa tha bullbullbullbullbull will lie
ale __ _ ____
Iel and 1~eto (1965) elM PDIt that Ute gnup lp
or the ilMnt Mould be ken lA_ 1ft _~tude ah
They ehawed tha JMta ~ to lawft ~ bullbullPI bull
(bullbulltal deairab111ty) and L (Ua) _1_ heR ttlbullbullI1-nt_ a
cauouc 1t traquo MAtIld ~lt bullbull IMotOh then he
la Accen1ng It thia tudy - adaln1aU 0 h tna~t
by a 11_t -ould both helIt iM thbullbullaUaldl1ty h
8IIIt CllDUiINt______in U u_ IIh1I1
CMAmlll
I Il1MODI - HIT 1
ml f It shyThe ~ 11 aU lie ounlRM 1
~ bullbull ___ ~ 1 -la 1ft the pu 111 nMlv _ Me
tutu bullu _ an1 will he
at h _ Al1_ Ml (1161) __ tn
u lilt nUU __ 1_ bull
a1 _ uu u - _v - - The pUM n bullbullbull _ PllMI11
s- 1 __ 1eWM _we ca
wI Uu_ _
at bullbullbullbullbullbull
lle bullbullbullntt bullbull W leW bull _ _ _
1___Uwa1 bullbullbullbullbullbull 1 he 1eahtaJ Uta __~
-Uuel bullbull_1 1 All 1 bull
111bullbull1 an MIa In ie
- Catlu cane 1ft U
1ft to W
_ t at u_ _ at u
11
mal tN _a AU tile
1 1ft thla e bull u bullt - tba or the
u __ fit 1Mt At Ut U the lUI t JuI n - hit dl__ ( lN1) 1111_
tnIlllllllJe _ alAe _tIl tWI 1ft dIdIIt
Ill 1 hi
W m they fit _t ~
u-au_ TN_ _ 101
I 1INUMd ampb _Ill II pel _U
_111 ~_ -1 _ In
he u- __ 1 ampII
- A 11_ the - _ 1 11 III _ h
- aa he
1 bPl _ u
lftIIIII fA ple
V cal __ - tutu 01
1IIdamp rtan tie bullbull or CltNl_ 1ft
bullbullbullbullM MUM --_
It _ bullbullbullbullbull ta _ 1Ile ull 1111
_til the 1 11 1ft eteh
U tMIlftIII Illcuit 81th
IIltly U lhatl bull ___ IIJ he r
I bull
a hen tid u tNnr
1- - dun __ _
-
Cathllll or al 1tIheIt 11 II -r shy_111M lap _ne
Oft hi 1 _1M _
1M 18 - _t __ lI1ruu
IIlll-Mlr nNaU h Md _ bullbullbull round to be _
(eo ~ ta _ NUl) eh
bull -Ill - - - r --t thin 1- 1111 rtl1 r he _
to 0 wil Nt U uat11
_ Ie ~ th_ hln _ _ u-I tdth bull WhIt to ttl l _ iii
1Ml 1 Chunh 18tV111 hbullbullbull_ All he 1_ eleaed -s Iftla In V h cU eW
Oft bull - II1Iu1al r
bullUIIy or -- 1_ (1 3 I _ 20T I lI 1bullbull 16 17 II
I nrua) ntUhIIII u bIlinl ~ - CUMll
Chunh The IIhu (It 1 It 6bullbullt 10 U U II I)
to ttl I bullbull tal cell
Chi_ hi 1-middot plaeed -l8JIea w tbu
10
_ - tiN
11bullbull1 a _ _ _- n () -1 tie _ bull 11
______hi bullbullbullbullbull _hi all__ JaI bull
_ nt (au tNII C
__ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullat _ taIIlil
I eu nbullbull Ml ___
a - Ilut - _ tMN JM1 _ and
-1 til ~ - bull I shy
abullbull IIM UIIt til h
rbullbull bullbull IIbullbull
I ___ 1II1et WIIl _ it_ -l nI
IIu 11 III - tN 11
_ al W I ilia Nt SIal M
ltI -d 1D Ud at au _
-111 s UIuIl _ lie autleWl 1M MUM
bull bullbullbull 1_ - _
_ at AU 1ft 1 of -
U _ ~ _tal petntSamp1 _
_ W ~bullbulld plPi_ in
tN Nel fit ~ he caubullbull n bullbullbull11 the 1M th _
t21 L ~ fMM - w_ fit (1) bullbullau _
21
itbout chng to p~t good dicrilnatlon alone the liberalshy
conervativ continuua ror pl In the rea or clrical dieiplinbull
ny Catholic ar eoncrnd with the prbullbullbullnt harta9 or clr9Y In
Catholic prih Thi uaually ratbullbullbull the quatian at clarical
clibcy Three it (2 11 and 15) perltt the rbullbullpondant to
diacrilnate bull 11ttle In 111 attitude toward hi tutUI ching Ite
11 bullbullrly ak it the chang to rrid clrlY 1bullbullIreable to the
rbullbullpendant It 2 bullbullk ir bull r bullbullpondnt thinka thi chang would rbullbullu1t
in lood bullbullrvic to peepl It 15 ineerpotbullbull the bullbullt rrquant
oent in the rirt two pilot tudibullbull whioh iapUbullbull tht thi chang
to nld clrgy llight raul t in battr bullbullrvic baerried
clrgy would hv bttr inaight into rly lir It i rbl to
ua tht bull preon ight ccapt bull chang to bull nid olrlY van
though bdobullbull not rbullbullbullbullbull it bullbull rbullbullu1ting in _d or bttr bullbullrvic but
bullbullrly beubullbull h d It noy to the bullbullitanc or the Churoh bullbull
h k it Hbullbullilht 10 think _nid clrgy auld 11v bttbullbull
bullbullbullvic or llight nat H could 10 think bullbullrried clrgy would liv
ltettr bullbullrvio but prrr the clibat olrlY h hebull awn cautDaad to
Thue 11 thr it hlp dicrillit bullbull r~ntmiddotbullbullttitud taad
thi chantbullbull
Th caaaant or dir r antbullbull180 indicted _ canebullbulln
over the poalUon cr woan in the Chuch T_ itbullbull tap thibullbull1bullbull cr
change It 1 chck the pandentmiddot tUtude to_rd bull intbullbulll
paUcipaUon by _en in worhlp nd it 15 chck hibullbulltUtUde toward
bull rl clrgy
It 16 and 18 both chok the bullbullbullpendant attitude t 1d the
ua_ of uthorlty in the Churoh Itaa 9 10 and 12 are all concrned
22
wi In hip U_ in he ChINh 1- 4 If 14
en bull __ _th he 1IffId1dU_ r the _ 111
Ute w ubullbullr u Ctweh all ani u hM
_ tile da 11bull CetMllM
th- tit~ _tdtIen W bull -Ia _
_ 1ft CNIlJ Ua ha en a _ I he
CltNIUL
f1M1 n lfI 1M Thl lnal _all _ leld Me lay -1At 11_ to 6U Calhal1M
~ vial 1A _1 parllh in I -n aagon au
DOIIPlated U 111 the allot tJu __1tIg tohl
II1ddla or tttl 111bullbull and _ __ -kad for a
~rr or tl rtlilU1ta
A epllt-halr nllelAlUbullbullaJG1ant Gtd tor the de
obtaineG nil heM tiO ta and _ tllUftd to be A co~relaU_
an thl uwn and t hal the 1Dampl __MIt
_ampI ou_ t bl ill
II IETMIDI NIT 11
Th Catall adahop ~I 1 tact
_1_ ta thl ftMa to any ar $tsa palJt 0 hI ____
the Itudy The filioo_ t lMIIJcI _ 0 catam 0
-J bull t 32 auINRlta _ parun ar he pa-__ Ira _U
1- than 20 tU ut ttbullbull fa bull la1 peJah_ and the
lan1 deAlcted that bull tnUfia_Una lan would orbullbull
23
bettr bull 1 or the population Th parihs wer dlvided into thr
group (1 - 200 rtltbullbull 201 - 00 r-111bullbull and 401 - 600 raillbullbull )
Dna parih each rroa the two larger group and our aall pariaha wr
randoaly bullbulllactad a the pl or par1h to bbullbullurv~ad Thue tha
ubJect contitut a randaa stretirid ple or the church-going
population or the R Catholic D10c of BIIcr Sinc thre 1 only
one Catholic paih in the bullbull1 town and ciUbullbull or E_tern OnIOn all
church10ing Catholic or th1 ara ar OlOad to worhip together thus
abullbulluring the bullbuller1llntr t t the vadablbullbull or 1Ig and ducation will
b rairly rprntativ or the entir Catholic population or the ar
The experientr a Cathol1c pribullbullt orrioiated at the regular
Sunday erv1cbullbull or the padshbullbull included in the ple During the tibullbull
in tha service regularly devoted to a eran he aked the u~r to pa
out copis or the attitude acale and pencil to bar or the
congregation Arter thbullbullbull -d been distributed the Eucpedantar read
the introductory paragraph or the quUonnair to the congregation H
requeted thelr cooplation in coapltiO the it and orr8led to
anwer any quetion when the elvice over Tanty ainut war
allotad to the subject ror coaplation of ttle attitude cal The
bullbullrvice _ concluded in the usual annel and the ePerinter anred
any quetion that c up
A and EdypaUal Lbullbulll bull
for the purpo anal ying the data or the tudy the ubJectbull
bullbullre dividd into thrbullbull aoe IIOUP and rour ducation 11OUP thus
living a _trix 0 t_lv call The age IIOUPbullbullbullr (1) Jct
24
btn IS-30 yar 0 ao (2) eubJaot btn 31-50 yar (3)
ubJct 51 yn 0 or oldr Thi dlvllon baed uan bullbullvnI
conidration ThbullbullubJeot in the irt ege group have lived aot or
thair livbullbull in a changing Catholic Church It i bullbull~acted that they
will be Muoh more accpting 0 change then the other groupbullbullince changa
1 1bullbullbull unuual to th Tha ubJact In the bullbullcand group havs pant
01 or their live in bull Church that did little changing end hence are
expected to b 1bullbullbull accepting Dr chang The third group Ul hava
pnt Much ora t1bullbull than ither 0 tha other group in an unchanging
rligiou atbullbullpher It i bullbull~ected that thy wiU b the t
conervativ group
The division 0 ducation into our lvelbullbullbullbullbullbulld the 8Ot
p~tical ro tha tandpoint at the gneral population to bbullbullurvayd
Gradbullbullchool high chaol __ ooUaobullbull Md a caplatad tour yaar
oollg education bullbullra oanaidred tha aibullbullt diviion to k in our
population aina they ak undratandable diviiona 01 the rapandania
lind each lavl oanUtutbullbull an appreciabl aducational dierenca Ya
at chool caplstad thue conatitutesour oparational dtinitian or
education
III PREOICTIONS
In the lioht 0 tha previous diacu ion and tha r bullbullult at tha
pilot tucUbullbull the allowing pred1ctiona bullbullre _dbullbull
1 Scarbullbull an the prbullbullant hal a the acale will b highr than
acorbullbull on the utuw halt Thi prdiction t bullbullted ith a tet
ror correlated data
2 Younger Catholic bullbullUl tend to be 01 liberal or accepting
25
tit _ A rtAun MIl ttl caul
latlaa _ ~ toe teet 1 ypo
J eav11bullbullbull111 Ie -_ r _
to u will with 1_ renal A _rn1eUon _
t w hy~bullbull
DtAPTII 111
TIIIIIle 1 vee the __ bull bullhe tUIIa Mample
bull bullbull1 lPtti A tnIl
lQM hi aW- II lO1S
_ ubullbullIe n leta _ bull
TM _ _ the -1 21
to iIIplrl _ the ~ _ bullbull _- p1Me
NI ten h
TIIIJ1e 1 v t 14 iD tile bull AVi tnI UlnaIbullbulldbullbull
aIl TNwe a I
hiIhl ~ tie Thi moa - cauu u ~
__u VIan U Ie The
bull _ MI a lea _
u- tee __ tqb
TM _ 1A TIIIIla 1 II at t _ u Uta _ 1M U ten_
- -
27
TAamppound J
bullbullEI or II POt DUCATl IIOUP
IIAI bull ntl anl1l8r 8CampI
Old ~ (a bull raquoa)(ft bull 113) (bullbull m)
middot ~~--~~~ - r---~~~ 2-l i I
~ i ~ ~ I )~--middot~---iimiddotmiddot---~~~middot~_~_~middotn i
I j II UI I bull III I n 11- i bull 124 I bull 111bull bull 84 I
~ 1
_-------middot4---middotmiddotmiddot_middot+------1
~ bull-1 n
bull bull 111 bull bull 116bull 10
-bull bull 121
1
(n bull UI)
shy
1
(a bull 3-)
cu (bullbull 2U)
bull mmiddot CoU
(a bull 17)
In fig 1 the mean IIOOfeamp or eech educUonal grC1lp 18 plotld
c)gd not dye Lowr scures middotIe indio gtl1vn of conE1rvatislII 8nll h bull gher
soor~s of 11b8ld eta Of groilolr cceptfnc1 of ot) nge Hmiddot~ d t et(JW b
tlf900 tOWfO mo EG libel 1 tti tUt19sin youngt respondentG 19
mi((UfII-gIH t~iQr 9croo1 gredudtas were just eligrtly more LblSral t n
tc younger ligl school QridIJt~S The corrsltion btlDaan 8core8 on
tilm dtitude 8cle finc -g9 was 51 Ulhich is atntist~cll) signifLclnt
t ttlpound bull 11 lsvsl TrG corrailttion between accres on tre attitud~3 scel~
1)nd age wlth educaration prtialled aut was 36 TNa younglill pelOjlla sro
SEHn to bs signlficanU) more accepting 01 change ttln older people
In fig 1 tt-a tH8n COrliS or each gloup ale plott td Il9Ilnet
th~ four Qduc~1tionEll 18113 Thli trend toward l1Il rEt liberal attitiJdo6
wi t ncroiJsnr F1iJCation is slimn in thfll graph Tta eorriltloUon butween
scar on tI~ GCelA ana echoicbull tion 118$ bull ti wlch is 8ignifiCtlnt (tt the
Jl lEtllel n~ corrsl~t1on betwgon scor on ttt~ IICel ~nd f4duQtton
lIIitt ugo pltrtiall~d out lIIes 3amp Thue edUcation is e~n to bil
signifiesntly relatQd to aecfgtptftMC8 at cr~ngo more aduc tad rlJsjJondpnts
tanding to ecclpt ctangua molS r9i11dil) th~in lee oducated 0098
Ttfl date Indice ted t~ilt tlere was no CIOfInlEltion bt~ttl1m1n )gc QItd
sducation (I -db) t Impling no overlap 1n the variance aoountilc for
by the two voriablas 80 a multiple R was computed The ~ultiple R
between 8cores on the acale and E)ge and education was bullbulla About 16
of the variance on ttese 8cores is trus predictablo from age and
education
A 1 test using the formula for carrelatad observations I UlliS done
on t9 deta from the future nd present t1Bllles of tg sc-ale T-e
bullbull
29
-~---------=l GJ8d Schaal bull 6 High School 0- __0
S COlla amiddotmiddotmiddota i
4 yra Collage bull ibull
G_ Amiddot 7- 0
bull bull - - 0 JI bullbull bull N
a
laquo
Old 1l1ddla
AGE
riquE 1 Ian acorbullbull on the attitude Bcele or the foul lIducaUone1 lavl plotted againet eg The highsr ths cors on the aeale the are liberal 01 accepting or change are the reapondenta
lJ
Did Jj a dIIle 0 0 Yatal Il- --D
11
bull
1 2 3
poundDUCATIObullbullL~V[LS
1M a bull _ne the ttltwde elbullbullr th thne poupe plt1M11 lwl The hlp Uw _ on the ele the _n 111 01 --URe or h nepond_e
31
1 - oMbullbullbull 36~)l (p lt 111) 1ndl0U auort tor th hypol
that Cthollcbullbullre _rbullbullcoepting or chabullbull alrdy lMt1 tutad than
they 1 of future hypothlzd chang
U lOR IlOllDUAL nos
S ot the 1t_ in the ttltudbullbullcalbullbullr8 ot bullbulldl Intt
btlcauae thf rtl~ot tUtudU r bull IMt iltpartnett in th
Cetllo110 Churgt todey Itbullbull 6 11 13 end 16 hev be n anAlyzlld
IIDrtl ull y than thtt othr And 1 preted 1n th U1 our
fgur to how th ulte In tr d taU ttaaa 6 11 and 13
wre ~ the uture pert 0 the 8cal and it 16 1 the prt
pert 0 th ace1
lba t
f lIUr8 3 the pnta or Meh I Ihel 111 th 1t_
bull (Dlvo-rrr1d Ctho1icbullbullhou1d b p~tted to raciv the
bullbullonu illy C-uon van though thlr bullbullaond urlbullbullbull
1 inval1d according to na~al tndard) Ovral 61 ot the
r bullbullpond t bullbullbullreed that 01 involved ln invalld 111hould
bbullbull11_0 to rbullbulliv the aat rlgur 3 that ln ach
group at l t ~a~ ot the repond ahaI thl preibullbulliv attltudbullbull
In the youngr ana _1 educatd lrouP _lIIOt 7b~ or ttl raepondant bull
bull xpl dlt with pnnt polley Svnty-toUl IGent or th
rnat wlth a 0011 eduoat1an agreed to bull changbullbullbull d1d 68)11 0 th r8apondant undr thirty y or bullbullbullbull
32
Old Yaung
I~-- -gt- bullbullbull
56~ 5~
- 1
7t~ ~ ~
f
_IDIUJ fiayenr 3 Thl pen_tag 1n ROh II 1-inI _th It 6 J_ 6 Dlvolc- llbd Catha110bull bull haul It t Icl n aact ( otal1r -Uftlon) bull theulh nll bullbull cencI_1 1 bull lavU aoollldl to --
Gbullbull SohaDl
Call
33
DIIl1 rl 4 vee theu1t 0 the VllY itbull U (PII
ehould _t U ta _fty) OvU 57j or the ehUloh
Cthollbullbull 1ft 1 bullbulltud) Ind1oat that th dl with the Cethol1
ChulGhf poUe) 0 bullbull1J_ 0 h al St __ 0 th IIhUlGh _th bull 1tecI DOn aU_ 111 w1~
t pall SJn 1M 0 h young - dl
with t polla) ~ the yaur Cathctll0 wih bull DOll
eduoatlon ~ dlred wlh th 01011 polle
Hau (leuI 5 tivu Ue peentege 1ft -h tIlI wUh
It_ 13 (__ t VI all__ 0 I bullbullU) A t
mt dl wlth hi U 1 eu t be yl that h would
1n evo 0 heving _1 aly Jn the Cthta1la Chunn uno to 81_
wlth th Ita bullbull p 1 to vo the prt peltAl i al
th data thet the bullbullt _Jult 0 to accept prlbullbull at hI U OwaU 16 C d with the
lOhl~ltlon 0 1 al) Thl t-wo proan or hdeft with a eoU eductaU 1I1d with he plOhUalUan 0 _11ft pl bullbull
EducaUan bull- to IIbullbull Ill to In eooep 0 __ pllbullbull
heft
ll a (1 6 V hlta D th MI_ on 1- 11 (To a
catholl0 It 1 ft to ta1n an ye 0 U elel nh
cantHI dvlo end the W th aontnl pill) Th data h at
34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
- Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and practices correlated with age and education
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LIST Of TABLES
TABLE PAGE
I Nuber or Reepondent in Each Age end EdUcational
Group and Group Ian an Attitude Scale bull bull bull bull bull 27
LIST or FlClIIES
fIGURE PAGE
1
2
bull So an the ttl~ eaal or the rou eIItIatlone1 1 bullbullbulll plotd nat Th hilhel the 0 the 8Oal the 1111 0 bull 0cU 0 c 1 the Int bull bull bull bull bull bull
bull eaol_ 8ft the tUtudbullbullaal 0 the thlH lnup plotted _lnat duoaUOMl 1 Th hilhel the eoOI the eaal the _1 111bullbull181 1 colng 0 ohang 1 the Ieepondent bull bull bull bull bull bull
2
middot3
bullbull
Th PIC_tag In eh llOUP 1 wlh itbullbull 6 It_ 6 D1ve~lllad Catholl0 ahauld II peao1tad to eelbullbull thbullbullbulleent (01811) C-n1an) bullbullbull though thleoond _ITI 1 lalld oconll to ftOaal Und Th plo In eaoh IOUII dl_l with It_ 11 It_ 11 P l bullbulltbullbullhauld t all g ~y bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull
32
I Th pn 1ft MOh lroup di_l_l1 wi th It_ 13 It_ 13 I t It all_ad to bec_ l bullbullt bull bull 35
6 Th pen In HOh I d111 with It 16 It 16 To be bull CathoUc l 1 neee) to lft M) 0 MUlel81 b1 th a8ftt~l d10 and the IIllth GontlDl pill 36
ItmlllUCflM
In tIttt middoteWbull _ bullbullbull bullbull1
u _ __
a Itt bullbullW _ 11 __
_ the 1 ton
_ tUmiddot _ aM Je _
_ - ut aamp1 MUt le 1 bull _ _ or th_
lIIIUbullbullbulllate lit 1 101) (Aun lnt)
_to at Itud I __a _tal bull
at to 11 1_ 1 t p2ftt bullbull flW ~_
-tin tt a in tet _t -1Wt __ bullbull__ ttte rat w 1 aftu_ ttl
bull tuel tIuIt de _ bullbullbull1 IalUty _tltllly
Al_1NIh l ~ed ltodbullbullUy bullbullbull 80M _ -
11111_1 Mil 0 rUn the i
11y i Itbull wo UftUl pnt tMN 11
Id u ptibullbull 1_
etu -1_tl 1_
bull albullbullbullbulll t lIeU Irw UtIbull
bullbullbulltlll __ U 111 th
bull WIll_ tU-
1tda w UIIII ln cal __ ttl _
lalU_ at u _ t I I All (1m) Ja _ u -u ~ or t taed
11uaebull dllUI dbull tftflvtrMe
he iMl_JAIlUaltbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull til u e1Uu_ 11th WdOh
It 11 18 bull Knoh tNnald (INa) lft Utat
bull _ 11MaUM r _UU_l --1 1 1M tilt
t lIIIU~ ~1tt lau MIl lteut (lftl) 1111
UuIita iMSVSlbullbullbullbull _ 0 bullbull1
WU_ UQ _ 0- tueu_u_
tWe JIIIIn en stu to Id a
bull _ -ta _ ial ~ bullbullbullbullbullbull tifta bullbulla_
_to 1 ua1e dla1IIIU1ahad an attltuda tJb111h la bull hbull uul _to to
_ bullbull _ a w __ a el III n t _ ~
U 1e lie _ n -i__u at V
1amplJIII (K-a JIIWa ampaU 1n3)
he ~ 111 _
-1 __ atut at
I
11 bullbullbull I fet nbullbull_
II
u -lbullbullbullM r -J wltIlt
elf tda llUtat fila Ie IIIIlI
t_ at tU 1IIVal err 1Ml
JllllaUt lit fit
til u s lie JupUr _ IIOUDM (C aM 1) bull
11 eM bullbullbullbull _Wi ubull alIA fI Ju u a-l_ shy
ilr aM _
-u A _ bullbullbullbull1_ It __ bullbullbull1amp811 wetul ampIt
VltaU MIl lte at
bullbull1_ 1bullbull11
bull IIllAl a (I 111 1110)
1 Ie aW tile
1 ia at I 1_ f1da u 1 nl bullbull
_- til __
0IIIIIlIInalIbullbull MIl s 1ha __ _ _ tie
u _ nbullbull Ia -1_ ubullbull A 11 or nu 9IPbullbullbullbullbull (1amp
CIIIII_ IIIUbullbull lMt) Ia _ __
_deaau __-1M tile
U The ---11bullbull (Iaa tetlllnd lilt) tMt
at tievttlIIp - 1tha1
gaala 1bullbullbullUtudu 1~ 1ft the rarnie 4M1wWual __bull Ttda II ~ u of
__ _ tUw eM _ U of
at Uudee 1 11) tha eft ri 1e
___ iftdlvll ___a at tNt
TIMt _ttude en Uta iMlitIual
1 U ellbull tie the bull of etU 18
1 Ut lMtpl a ana ( 1
15) The _1ft th_ -1 bullbull
aA _ bull -__1tue- u 1
bullbullUw reI thw l
n an 1 ~ Ia lead1lll
U_ A _1 0 a-U- Me
aM _ftllld _t ubullbull 0 la pmubullbull -IY Inall the ea_ I
pp t01 I itt ~
__ by _ ttovlMd hi _n_ ( bull 1M - albullbull
lt53r CaU 1915) at the -JR liN of ttt1
vi Jt 1bullbullt1ault ti oonolta_ the le
-bull bull t 1bullbulltlan t __iII_ VI pnMl_bullbull and
explaMt1_ ft 11 olotJ 0 lD1l1ft1111
1111 bullbull 1 heIa1 r__18a UtI Ift 0 lat
to 1eIII1d
the WId or -111bullbullbullu __ 1 ptIItl_
111 the tude rbullbull 1fIIIk bull III a_ aeo1a1 _au hlJtl-~= 111
_ 1 bull the flbullbullr nJJt1-
_ MU 1au ~ ( 1)
-- aitua __
bullbullbull -r alettbullbull II -lJt1- va bullbullbullbullbull __ Dr u u uuaa1l ~d-eltllale _ 1a 11 -e 1 bullbull11 the ala or u u _lta bullbull_J IIM _la pa___ or __ foaaula bull-__ v ___ bull lIMn tIItlr at _1ftIau aUl I the ar a or u bullbullUll _ft 1l1libull -uu at _ _-1 -1 bull hytHlttt or -l _upI (P 1M)bull
ttl-- _ to
~ Ute _ or ttta tete _ bullbull to J_ hie 1J1IeIt _
_al fJI 1Ih1lta 1An__ tAl
IU v 1aM_ IIUIIIh _ 1111- _all _
1 ~ 1 - bull Ja r _douD 1i1i1_ Iheu1II
bullbullbull__ v_ ta 1 nlJtiauebull t
lWllaa __ un_u U eualr bullbullbull lie
an W ft uuu 1 _Jaw 1
6
It IICIM _ ani
ltw _lal u 111 bull _hibull
1Una n -1 in --
an 11 _Uett __ __tIht_ help in
bull 1 bullbullbull- ll _til la
II) 1 _ wl tit - n toIMJ -lC _
w lad _ u_ 1 alwaUaa
HI __1 _ II aU Ut1e _lt1l -uti- tIM __ Ult
~ (1dI_ al HIO)
A f _ ttlw
bull bullbull11 __ _ bullbull1
_ __ Itl I ttthl bullbull laW
) Ie bullbull -Jitle-
__1 te_ bull til -11tshy
sa re aU 1M n IIAe
u _ IRI y1_ 1 dt
_ u uaa la 1Id
- fit _
_ til at all u 8 _ 1 om - altieal or N _ bullbullbullbull
1a te t u dI ult1thlR
1
Chdau ehunh _1 Ja u III a
1 bullbullbullbull-iftI tU 1M _t-iaUu 1IIel11111-- U_ aN lautt
trr the 11111 1 - n Aibullbull1 I _ aM
___ Ie tit _ ua ~ u pea
_11fbullbullbull bull __ 111 al 111 at bull
auv It 1e aU- _111
~ _ aw (1M2) bullbullad
-1 ~pat 11-_ _ 1ft ill tuIIy
__Ill
1MIebullbull_ wi _ -181 __ ~
Ie - 1IlUtl shy
Ute 1bull a __ I bullbullbull __ at au_ TIlle Itt_ ul us -
ua _ 11111 ur a lipid -_ 1 _ at I ~ 1
1 _ _~ __0 I aM 11bullbull 1ft
_ly Qdha110 a UICt1y 1a Utleal
bull -uu vUt1aJ I 170 _ Ute
or -l U bullbulllee Ud
LE bullbull1_ _ U rabull
bull U-1 1II8llUea1 er ct _
UU_ the _ t _ -urbull the _ -111 tit 1aU_ C1 U _
_ t~ ia bull hiuU
bull
bull Dull (1169) bullbullbull_ - _
_ _ the -l canebullbull - 1IIdel ~ JaIl
Slshy Uv _ cut_
I Ia bullbullbull VI2I1 _W N ___ bullbullPAI II 1IItJ_1 11_ IUln Iot _ the 1 tINt IIbull rat bullt _u-l 4SU bull _ bull bullbullbullbullbullft41 fII ~ bullbullbull1 bull _ill bullbullrlbullbullbull _tAlA hili III 1amp vbulla C _ra _ cu II h tide al ello bullbull bull bullbullbull jteUMI 1etIlM r I - _ul1 ad cttU 1 _ _ lJaI lUAlMll C_ (p 1ft)bull
__ _ fit ff1Au1 Alll
u t _ _ _ _al_
lIa It cttUa _ ~
efl bull cl ttlbull bull u _ fII _ __ It in the Ill CI IDlnR cau _ II __ _ __ ea __ -- 1lIeU WtHU P _ 1 of llllUat Ute III _ tile - _ u u bullbullbullbull1__ u tIIua la of u _ _Ie itt aubull u bull bullbullUb tltSe bullbull w M I11 _ _ el__U rashyt cbullbull)
- t 01 cau or wth ell tIltII tit -tal
u I ___ ampeIl- bullbullbullbullbull bull ft _ _ Ute bullbullbullIal ttI
(ItO) _It_ tit _ r bull u-
_ cata1kl_ r ial MI l _ __
the rena or ur 1tl-1 _
T UftCu_ lflaftUFlU etMlf can atullito -1) tIMlla ttt _Dla _ by ttta 11bull 1M cUrt t 1a DaU ft _atoleMl au_ II bU _tbu athbull a at middotU _ Ubullbullbull 111-1 til I bull-1tva ta hn 1_- t bull aun do __tuft fII Cetttel181aabull _ tlly 0middot the ctftaU Ctt la 1M 1ft bullbull ftde ot ita U1_ fillbull ua n Cabullbulllie Qwnb _ _Ub peUUal JIIln _ Will ___ CeHmiddot _ teI laUMII aybull pl 1 U ashy Ja ur ianbullbullbullIf rau w the ne lob -Uti- I bull oul ala _ uu lewd_ Ie raew De tha btalp Uu Cathell Jtlursu_ t _ __
__ Catllelt8 cma UIceU
ttw_ rabullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull 1Me 1 _
Ie tlOftll Jaftmiddot the at-Ullft ( 101) bull
1lU ca1 a the 11 U IIIIlAIW
ala1ll alUlauF _ _I-a ) 1Ml1Md lWI
III MD dUCATI lit IICIIL AlIt) 1EUtIIbullbull A1fmtlll
a t __ 1 - --Uta- bullbull nlaUaattip t at
_ law_uaa _th nU 1a
ta ~ wiUl It I -JHUve aeoid lie
raquo -It _ MtatRl W _ at __
~ or 11111- leU 1
lIeUs- -- nUt1- - shy
1dta1 bullbull Ue MIl _tal 11
tftalel1ll - F title ___ 111 laWaet w ~_ tile ulllltlbull U_ till _
eU ~t u _ bullbullbullbullt __ _lal
-- -~
_a u _ 1Iut lute aU_ a _ U_
la _ bullbullbullbull181 _deIaIa fa Ute ~ __
Ie aU fit - Uta AU 111 til
u u _ bullm aM _
ampII II UtI
y Ie lNIl-a
wiU _ It 1 _uti 1111)
Cl1 (UII) t __ ta ll I li11
thH 11111 lie middotmiddot1Atl__d to bullbullbullbull tl1a poUUl
11 01_ he II III tIda Ie
bull u bullbullbullbull II c (INI)
tIIebull -J ~
11
tlaat sa iM W II
-a ampttl- JIl eWebull
- 1_ 1 Ja U 11 aItI
pbullbullle de 1 s err _ 1_ ~bullbull 1913)
11debullbull __ bullbullbullbull t bull u at 11 ca lSI)bull
1 (1111) bullbullbullbullbullbull 11_ t -
bullbullbullbulld _ JJItInl Ja nI bull U _ fI 7bulla
t -1 1a W
1lt III8UtI a thbull bullbullbullbullbull_ l Utbullbull la tile
_ ell_ a bull
-1 u aU_ 1 ltIUeillue WIr u- Ja catM1te
CItunIl
Sa d_ eampwlUaau __ lit u 1 lie 81-1 a1 -leu or VI_ bull ill Ul It all
u un _ --_ at peUUea1 aal shy
_ It __bull tun eM W tilbullbullbullbullbull1111
(It11) -- 1At 1
tha _ dl_ h ru~
tel - I bullbullW fit __
u wa pauJa _ It hie _ til
ISbullbull M- IeIIa_ lila
u III _ titbullbull I __ lIIdllen __Us 1M
Uu uftly
n Ie __ t bull ve _taU_
~ Uu Jft _ UIl-- tll_ staa-k
(12) ntlltl-- tU wan tvu at u ft bull _ b (1_) MIl
n ttl II Clatholad u _ bullbull t-- II -u-1 lawIl u_ Uvel
I 1a t tha 0 nllp_ nU
u1 dlffteu1U te A 11 ft th (0_ 1) bullbullu 111 Ie __
briefl til ~ lda flit ___bull leUtlshy
1 na _11bull lite -lUUet r NI1t1_ bull
to dudI dt18u1t ~
(1161) u _DUlti Ita atudl_ w tile bull -l1 _u lIIdr
- tudy ill _tit nil tIel1i the eue__
tlltIII he t IP hi theeI) atItJ1_ liIIDe
tn 1e bull _ CIIthell pleat 11a
_ cathoU___ 11 a teHt ta _ bull
tatuUbullbullshy tl the dbullbulld bull 11_
-tdaI It 1n the __ poundIIhU Ounh hila
13
Th v~iabl 0 age nd duction w~ chobullbulln bullbull th 0 pa~ticulu int~bullbullt Th popultion ra whioh the bullbullpl in the
p~bullbulllIftt tudy i dnwn oonit 0 -11 parthbullbull d bullbulloh paih
contin popl 0 11 age and ductional lvlbullbullinc the~ i only
on p~ih in ach loction Thue th~ i no pobullbullibi1ity 0 peop1
g on duotional 1vl o~ ag lvl wo~hipp1ng and int~acting bullbull
bull bullbullprat ~l1g1au group The popultiDn thu to bbullbull auitabl
on in which to t bullbullt the hypathbullbulli that ligioubullbullttitudbullbull v~y w1th
age nd duction
sbullbullbulltudibullbullbull~ piW only t givn ta Stau~middot (1955)
tudy 0 cCa~thyi_ and r ting~ Rick and Sohchw (156)
tudy 0 ~ligiou c~ii could only b dona t tibullbullbull when the ph_
to b invbullbullt1gtd o~ed t~bullbulllvaa to the ob~v Today tu~o11
ov~ changbullbull in the II Ctho1ic C~ch to o~ thi typo
oppo~tun1ty to the pnt ~bullbullbullbull~ch~ Chang i the tt~ 0 g~t bullbullt
concm in the Catholic Chu~ch t pnt Ctwt will b optionally
dfined ro~ the pu~_ 0 thi invbullbulltigtion bullbull any a1t~1ng or beli
o~ practic aong catholic that ha takn p1c 1n the pbullbullt t ty
ybullbull~ o~ i bullbullted o~ the o~bullbullabl utu~bullbull
Sinc the ch taking plac CDv~ Mfty pha bullbullbull 0 Ctho1ic li
it bullbull conaided pobullbulliIl1 to contNct bullbullcal 0 it ~latd to
thbullbullbull changbullbull and uabullbull p~aanbullbullco~ on thibullbullca1 indicto~
0 hibullbullttitudbullbull t ~ thbullbullbull chang ro~ the pu~pobullbullbull 0 thibullbulltudy
bull 1ib1 w optiona11y dined on who avo~bullbull chang and bull
contrvat1vbullbullbull on who oppobullbullbull chang The 1ib~-conbullbullrvativ
continuUII i otn on wed in rligioubullbullttitud r~ch (Ii 1965)
and i bull ci11y lIPP~opdtbullbullinc HUg10n i l1y conid~d
10
a conaarativa oc1al forc aut thi 1 not ly true and religiau
backing 1 otten g1 to libeNl and rad1cal c_d 01 udl chWlO
It bullbullbull conaldarad of pnctieal nd theoretical intet to dtlII1 if
hatarogenalty 0 ttltuda toward elliou obJact exlted in ordinay
0DnOrtion corying IIlth ag and aducation If 0 thi would
relat ralilau attitud to thobullbull ound In other ar Of nuan 11a
n i thue the nl pua 0 hibullbulltucly to clIPitaU tha
preat crl1bullbull c~a -thln tha ~n Clic Church and data~e
i l1011U attituda do ind vary in ralation to a MCI acIuoaUon
It cana1drecl d bullbulllr~a to hold tha dr 0 raliiaue
ailiation and Uta Ie actor abullbullttlltl _ pbullbulllItl to teat I htl that th i ariatl wi thl -snaU_l popu1aU
Thi 1 accaplihad ~y bullbull1otlng a population or retUlarly churchmiddot
ttandlng Catholic Peopl 0- labal t~lea a Catholic --Ply
baaauaa c1a pau or ~cauaa 0 tradltiGMl aaeealaUo
thll aa11y with the Cathollc Church IUGh aUlatiM eM haldly ~
acceptllCl aa a I_t or tlUlt Church rattl 1 aac-Rc or
Cathollc bal1e and pneUo To 1M IU chaol a ehch l
population cannot takn pr 0 the Ject t or
MIL llut it at l_t ur that lUI 1 are 1ft touch
wi th the c occurring 1ft the Cahl1c Church and hat Utaa e
have _ io OIl ir liv d hence ar 1 u tIt_ at l bullbullt
In aft aanae 0 the te
statiUoaUy lJlllti the populatlon tie chWoh-attandera do
rave or tII vari_l11y that would ~ lUnd it he papulation
1 del a oiU 0 anyone who Oh the lallNtl 0 Catholic lut thibullbullWely 1 not ifttareatad ln rl1iy t attitud_
11
that lie u 11middot lIIIIk 1M
th4I It _ 1t1a M
IIau _11 VII1yent11 al n
__ UM fill bullbullbullbullbull
the of bullbullbull __ a_ _ _VtI u 1a _ _
_ catMUe JU1l1 till _ t_
aW
I MLlIICf
uu ta tuIIy abe r_ fit
at _II bull lell Ill It e
_u leila (1_)bull
bull Ii bullbullbullbull -- e __ IIUl 1bullbulltI iAtt bullbullbull __ (II Ia) ruu I Ill bullbullbull JMiwitlual _1 IdbullbullIt _ (p_
bull tud1 ell _ fill
1 bullbull11 _ IIIIB leU (I)
bull tuIIy 1 thU Cdtu_
thtIl ~ 1UaUea _ 1 __ de u_ bull cw (1 lis n_tat_ bull _ ~I
11 bullbull_tIbull N lieU __ t ad_ ia
U _ of the - cathu 1
-al t -u vI -1c1aI
t I bullbull 111 Itt cau poundMacIft lleDt tItle
~ d t h1e a1_
16
-- 1 __ lIeUa tha bullbullbullbullbull will lie
ale __ _ ____
Iel and 1~eto (1965) elM PDIt that Ute gnup lp
or the ilMnt Mould be ken lA_ 1ft _~tude ah
They ehawed tha JMta ~ to lawft ~ bullbullPI bull
(bullbulltal deairab111ty) and L (Ua) _1_ heR ttlbullbullI1-nt_ a
cauouc 1t traquo MAtIld ~lt bullbull IMotOh then he
la Accen1ng It thia tudy - adaln1aU 0 h tna~t
by a 11_t -ould both helIt iM thbullbullaUaldl1ty h
8IIIt CllDUiINt______in U u_ IIh1I1
CMAmlll
I Il1MODI - HIT 1
ml f It shyThe ~ 11 aU lie ounlRM 1
~ bullbull ___ ~ 1 -la 1ft the pu 111 nMlv _ Me
tutu bullu _ an1 will he
at h _ Al1_ Ml (1161) __ tn
u lilt nUU __ 1_ bull
a1 _ uu u - _v - - The pUM n bullbullbull _ PllMI11
s- 1 __ 1eWM _we ca
wI Uu_ _
at bullbullbullbullbullbull
lle bullbullbullntt bullbull W leW bull _ _ _
1___Uwa1 bullbullbullbullbullbull 1 he 1eahtaJ Uta __~
-Uuel bullbull_1 1 All 1 bull
111bullbull1 an MIa In ie
- Catlu cane 1ft U
1ft to W
_ t at u_ _ at u
11
mal tN _a AU tile
1 1ft thla e bull u bullt - tba or the
u __ fit 1Mt At Ut U the lUI t JuI n - hit dl__ ( lN1) 1111_
tnIlllllllJe _ alAe _tIl tWI 1ft dIdIIt
Ill 1 hi
W m they fit _t ~
u-au_ TN_ _ 101
I 1INUMd ampb _Ill II pel _U
_111 ~_ -1 _ In
he u- __ 1 ampII
- A 11_ the - _ 1 11 III _ h
- aa he
1 bPl _ u
lftIIIII fA ple
V cal __ - tutu 01
1IIdamp rtan tie bullbull or CltNl_ 1ft
bullbullbullbullM MUM --_
It _ bullbullbullbullbull ta _ 1Ile ull 1111
_til the 1 11 1ft eteh
U tMIlftIII Illcuit 81th
IIltly U lhatl bull ___ IIJ he r
I bull
a hen tid u tNnr
1- - dun __ _
-
Cathllll or al 1tIheIt 11 II -r shy_111M lap _ne
Oft hi 1 _1M _
1M 18 - _t __ lI1ruu
IIlll-Mlr nNaU h Md _ bullbullbull round to be _
(eo ~ ta _ NUl) eh
bull -Ill - - - r --t thin 1- 1111 rtl1 r he _
to 0 wil Nt U uat11
_ Ie ~ th_ hln _ _ u-I tdth bull WhIt to ttl l _ iii
1Ml 1 Chunh 18tV111 hbullbullbull_ All he 1_ eleaed -s Iftla In V h cU eW
Oft bull - II1Iu1al r
bullUIIy or -- 1_ (1 3 I _ 20T I lI 1bullbull 16 17 II
I nrua) ntUhIIII u bIlinl ~ - CUMll
Chunh The IIhu (It 1 It 6bullbullt 10 U U II I)
to ttl I bullbull tal cell
Chi_ hi 1-middot plaeed -l8JIea w tbu
10
_ - tiN
11bullbull1 a _ _ _- n () -1 tie _ bull 11
______hi bullbullbullbullbull _hi all__ JaI bull
_ nt (au tNII C
__ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullat _ taIIlil
I eu nbullbull Ml ___
a - Ilut - _ tMN JM1 _ and
-1 til ~ - bull I shy
abullbull IIM UIIt til h
rbullbull bullbull IIbullbull
I ___ 1II1et WIIl _ it_ -l nI
IIu 11 III - tN 11
_ al W I ilia Nt SIal M
ltI -d 1D Ud at au _
-111 s UIuIl _ lie autleWl 1M MUM
bull bullbullbull 1_ - _
_ at AU 1ft 1 of -
U _ ~ _tal petntSamp1 _
_ W ~bullbulld plPi_ in
tN Nel fit ~ he caubullbull n bullbullbull11 the 1M th _
t21 L ~ fMM - w_ fit (1) bullbullau _
21
itbout chng to p~t good dicrilnatlon alone the liberalshy
conervativ continuua ror pl In the rea or clrical dieiplinbull
ny Catholic ar eoncrnd with the prbullbullbullnt harta9 or clr9Y In
Catholic prih Thi uaually ratbullbullbull the quatian at clarical
clibcy Three it (2 11 and 15) perltt the rbullbullpondant to
diacrilnate bull 11ttle In 111 attitude toward hi tutUI ching Ite
11 bullbullrly ak it the chang to rrid clrlY 1bullbullIreable to the
rbullbullpendant It 2 bullbullk ir bull r bullbullpondnt thinka thi chang would rbullbullu1t
in lood bullbullrvic to peepl It 15 ineerpotbullbull the bullbullt rrquant
oent in the rirt two pilot tudibullbull whioh iapUbullbull tht thi chang
to nld clrgy llight raul t in battr bullbullrvic baerried
clrgy would hv bttr inaight into rly lir It i rbl to
ua tht bull preon ight ccapt bull chang to bull nid olrlY van
though bdobullbull not rbullbullbullbullbull it bullbull rbullbullu1ting in _d or bttr bullbullrvic but
bullbullrly beubullbull h d It noy to the bullbullitanc or the Churoh bullbull
h k it Hbullbullilht 10 think _nid clrgy auld 11v bttbullbull
bullbullbullvic or llight nat H could 10 think bullbullrried clrgy would liv
ltettr bullbullrvio but prrr the clibat olrlY h hebull awn cautDaad to
Thue 11 thr it hlp dicrillit bullbull r~ntmiddotbullbullttitud taad
thi chantbullbull
Th caaaant or dir r antbullbull180 indicted _ canebullbulln
over the poalUon cr woan in the Chuch T_ itbullbull tap thibullbull1bullbull cr
change It 1 chck the pandentmiddot tUtude to_rd bull intbullbulll
paUcipaUon by _en in worhlp nd it 15 chck hibullbulltUtUde toward
bull rl clrgy
It 16 and 18 both chok the bullbullbullpendant attitude t 1d the
ua_ of uthorlty in the Churoh Itaa 9 10 and 12 are all concrned
22
wi In hip U_ in he ChINh 1- 4 If 14
en bull __ _th he 1IffId1dU_ r the _ 111
Ute w ubullbullr u Ctweh all ani u hM
_ tile da 11bull CetMllM
th- tit~ _tdtIen W bull -Ia _
_ 1ft CNIlJ Ua ha en a _ I he
CltNIUL
f1M1 n lfI 1M Thl lnal _all _ leld Me lay -1At 11_ to 6U Calhal1M
~ vial 1A _1 parllh in I -n aagon au
DOIIPlated U 111 the allot tJu __1tIg tohl
II1ddla or tttl 111bullbull and _ __ -kad for a
~rr or tl rtlilU1ta
A epllt-halr nllelAlUbullbullaJG1ant Gtd tor the de
obtaineG nil heM tiO ta and _ tllUftd to be A co~relaU_
an thl uwn and t hal the 1Dampl __MIt
_ampI ou_ t bl ill
II IETMIDI NIT 11
Th Catall adahop ~I 1 tact
_1_ ta thl ftMa to any ar $tsa palJt 0 hI ____
the Itudy The filioo_ t lMIIJcI _ 0 catam 0
-J bull t 32 auINRlta _ parun ar he pa-__ Ira _U
1- than 20 tU ut ttbullbull fa bull la1 peJah_ and the
lan1 deAlcted that bull tnUfia_Una lan would orbullbull
23
bettr bull 1 or the population Th parihs wer dlvided into thr
group (1 - 200 rtltbullbull 201 - 00 r-111bullbull and 401 - 600 raillbullbull )
Dna parih each rroa the two larger group and our aall pariaha wr
randoaly bullbulllactad a the pl or par1h to bbullbullurv~ad Thue tha
ubJect contitut a randaa stretirid ple or the church-going
population or the R Catholic D10c of BIIcr Sinc thre 1 only
one Catholic paih in the bullbull1 town and ciUbullbull or E_tern OnIOn all
church10ing Catholic or th1 ara ar OlOad to worhip together thus
abullbulluring the bullbuller1llntr t t the vadablbullbull or 1Ig and ducation will
b rairly rprntativ or the entir Catholic population or the ar
The experientr a Cathol1c pribullbullt orrioiated at the regular
Sunday erv1cbullbull or the padshbullbull included in the ple During the tibullbull
in tha service regularly devoted to a eran he aked the u~r to pa
out copis or the attitude acale and pencil to bar or the
congregation Arter thbullbullbull -d been distributed the Eucpedantar read
the introductory paragraph or the quUonnair to the congregation H
requeted thelr cooplation in coapltiO the it and orr8led to
anwer any quetion when the elvice over Tanty ainut war
allotad to the subject ror coaplation of ttle attitude cal The
bullbullrvice _ concluded in the usual annel and the ePerinter anred
any quetion that c up
A and EdypaUal Lbullbulll bull
for the purpo anal ying the data or the tudy the ubJectbull
bullbullre dividd into thrbullbull aoe IIOUP and rour ducation 11OUP thus
living a _trix 0 t_lv call The age IIOUPbullbullbullr (1) Jct
24
btn IS-30 yar 0 ao (2) eubJaot btn 31-50 yar (3)
ubJct 51 yn 0 or oldr Thi dlvllon baed uan bullbullvnI
conidration ThbullbullubJeot in the irt ege group have lived aot or
thair livbullbull in a changing Catholic Church It i bullbull~acted that they
will be Muoh more accpting 0 change then the other groupbullbullince changa
1 1bullbullbull unuual to th Tha ubJact In the bullbullcand group havs pant
01 or their live in bull Church that did little changing end hence are
expected to b 1bullbullbull accepting Dr chang The third group Ul hava
pnt Much ora t1bullbull than ither 0 tha other group in an unchanging
rligiou atbullbullpher It i bullbull~ected that thy wiU b the t
conervativ group
The division 0 ducation into our lvelbullbullbullbullbullbulld the 8Ot
p~tical ro tha tandpoint at the gneral population to bbullbullurvayd
Gradbullbullchool high chaol __ ooUaobullbull Md a caplatad tour yaar
oollg education bullbullra oanaidred tha aibullbullt diviion to k in our
population aina they ak undratandable diviiona 01 the rapandania
lind each lavl oanUtutbullbull an appreciabl aducational dierenca Ya
at chool caplstad thue conatitutesour oparational dtinitian or
education
III PREOICTIONS
In the lioht 0 tha previous diacu ion and tha r bullbullult at tha
pilot tucUbullbull the allowing pred1ctiona bullbullre _dbullbull
1 Scarbullbull an the prbullbullant hal a the acale will b highr than
acorbullbull on the utuw halt Thi prdiction t bullbullted ith a tet
ror correlated data
2 Younger Catholic bullbullUl tend to be 01 liberal or accepting
25
tit _ A rtAun MIl ttl caul
latlaa _ ~ toe teet 1 ypo
J eav11bullbullbull111 Ie -_ r _
to u will with 1_ renal A _rn1eUon _
t w hy~bullbull
DtAPTII 111
TIIIIIle 1 vee the __ bull bullhe tUIIa Mample
bull bullbull1 lPtti A tnIl
lQM hi aW- II lO1S
_ ubullbullIe n leta _ bull
TM _ _ the -1 21
to iIIplrl _ the ~ _ bullbull _- p1Me
NI ten h
TIIIJ1e 1 v t 14 iD tile bull AVi tnI UlnaIbullbulldbullbull
aIl TNwe a I
hiIhl ~ tie Thi moa - cauu u ~
__u VIan U Ie The
bull _ MI a lea _
u- tee __ tqb
TM _ 1A TIIIIla 1 II at t _ u Uta _ 1M U ten_
- -
27
TAamppound J
bullbullEI or II POt DUCATl IIOUP
IIAI bull ntl anl1l8r 8CampI
Old ~ (a bull raquoa)(ft bull 113) (bullbull m)
middot ~~--~~~ - r---~~~ 2-l i I
~ i ~ ~ I )~--middot~---iimiddotmiddot---~~~middot~_~_~middotn i
I j II UI I bull III I n 11- i bull 124 I bull 111bull bull 84 I
~ 1
_-------middot4---middotmiddotmiddot_middot+------1
~ bull-1 n
bull bull 111 bull bull 116bull 10
-bull bull 121
1
(n bull UI)
shy
1
(a bull 3-)
cu (bullbull 2U)
bull mmiddot CoU
(a bull 17)
In fig 1 the mean IIOOfeamp or eech educUonal grC1lp 18 plotld
c)gd not dye Lowr scures middotIe indio gtl1vn of conE1rvatislII 8nll h bull gher
soor~s of 11b8ld eta Of groilolr cceptfnc1 of ot) nge Hmiddot~ d t et(JW b
tlf900 tOWfO mo EG libel 1 tti tUt19sin youngt respondentG 19
mi((UfII-gIH t~iQr 9croo1 gredudtas were just eligrtly more LblSral t n
tc younger ligl school QridIJt~S The corrsltion btlDaan 8core8 on
tilm dtitude 8cle finc -g9 was 51 Ulhich is atntist~cll) signifLclnt
t ttlpound bull 11 lsvsl TrG corrailttion between accres on tre attitud~3 scel~
1)nd age wlth educaration prtialled aut was 36 TNa younglill pelOjlla sro
SEHn to bs signlficanU) more accepting 01 change ttln older people
In fig 1 tt-a tH8n COrliS or each gloup ale plott td Il9Ilnet
th~ four Qduc~1tionEll 18113 Thli trend toward l1Il rEt liberal attitiJdo6
wi t ncroiJsnr F1iJCation is slimn in thfll graph Tta eorriltloUon butween
scar on tI~ GCelA ana echoicbull tion 118$ bull ti wlch is 8ignifiCtlnt (tt the
Jl lEtllel n~ corrsl~t1on betwgon scor on ttt~ IICel ~nd f4duQtton
lIIitt ugo pltrtiall~d out lIIes 3amp Thue edUcation is e~n to bil
signifiesntly relatQd to aecfgtptftMC8 at cr~ngo more aduc tad rlJsjJondpnts
tanding to ecclpt ctangua molS r9i11dil) th~in lee oducated 0098
Ttfl date Indice ted t~ilt tlere was no CIOfInlEltion bt~ttl1m1n )gc QItd
sducation (I -db) t Impling no overlap 1n the variance aoountilc for
by the two voriablas 80 a multiple R was computed The ~ultiple R
between 8cores on the acale and E)ge and education was bullbulla About 16
of the variance on ttese 8cores is trus predictablo from age and
education
A 1 test using the formula for carrelatad observations I UlliS done
on t9 deta from the future nd present t1Bllles of tg sc-ale T-e
bullbull
29
-~---------=l GJ8d Schaal bull 6 High School 0- __0
S COlla amiddotmiddotmiddota i
4 yra Collage bull ibull
G_ Amiddot 7- 0
bull bull - - 0 JI bullbull bull N
a
laquo
Old 1l1ddla
AGE
riquE 1 Ian acorbullbull on the attitude Bcele or the foul lIducaUone1 lavl plotted againet eg The highsr ths cors on the aeale the are liberal 01 accepting or change are the reapondenta
lJ
Did Jj a dIIle 0 0 Yatal Il- --D
11
bull
1 2 3
poundDUCATIObullbullL~V[LS
1M a bull _ne the ttltwde elbullbullr th thne poupe plt1M11 lwl The hlp Uw _ on the ele the _n 111 01 --URe or h nepond_e
31
1 - oMbullbullbull 36~)l (p lt 111) 1ndl0U auort tor th hypol
that Cthollcbullbullre _rbullbullcoepting or chabullbull alrdy lMt1 tutad than
they 1 of future hypothlzd chang
U lOR IlOllDUAL nos
S ot the 1t_ in the ttltudbullbullcalbullbullr8 ot bullbulldl Intt
btlcauae thf rtl~ot tUtudU r bull IMt iltpartnett in th
Cetllo110 Churgt todey Itbullbull 6 11 13 end 16 hev be n anAlyzlld
IIDrtl ull y than thtt othr And 1 preted 1n th U1 our
fgur to how th ulte In tr d taU ttaaa 6 11 and 13
wre ~ the uture pert 0 the 8cal and it 16 1 the prt
pert 0 th ace1
lba t
f lIUr8 3 the pnta or Meh I Ihel 111 th 1t_
bull (Dlvo-rrr1d Ctho1icbullbullhou1d b p~tted to raciv the
bullbullonu illy C-uon van though thlr bullbullaond urlbullbullbull
1 inval1d according to na~al tndard) Ovral 61 ot the
r bullbullpond t bullbullbullreed that 01 involved ln invalld 111hould
bbullbull11_0 to rbullbulliv the aat rlgur 3 that ln ach
group at l t ~a~ ot the repond ahaI thl preibullbulliv attltudbullbull
In the youngr ana _1 educatd lrouP _lIIOt 7b~ or ttl raepondant bull
bull xpl dlt with pnnt polley Svnty-toUl IGent or th
rnat wlth a 0011 eduoat1an agreed to bull changbullbullbull d1d 68)11 0 th r8apondant undr thirty y or bullbullbullbull
32
Old Yaung
I~-- -gt- bullbullbull
56~ 5~
- 1
7t~ ~ ~
f
_IDIUJ fiayenr 3 Thl pen_tag 1n ROh II 1-inI _th It 6 J_ 6 Dlvolc- llbd Catha110bull bull haul It t Icl n aact ( otal1r -Uftlon) bull theulh nll bullbull cencI_1 1 bull lavU aoollldl to --
Gbullbull SohaDl
Call
33
DIIl1 rl 4 vee theu1t 0 the VllY itbull U (PII
ehould _t U ta _fty) OvU 57j or the ehUloh
Cthollbullbull 1ft 1 bullbulltud) Ind1oat that th dl with the Cethol1
ChulGhf poUe) 0 bullbull1J_ 0 h al St __ 0 th IIhUlGh _th bull 1tecI DOn aU_ 111 w1~
t pall SJn 1M 0 h young - dl
with t polla) ~ the yaur Cathctll0 wih bull DOll
eduoatlon ~ dlred wlh th 01011 polle
Hau (leuI 5 tivu Ue peentege 1ft -h tIlI wUh
It_ 13 (__ t VI all__ 0 I bullbullU) A t
mt dl wlth hi U 1 eu t be yl that h would
1n evo 0 heving _1 aly Jn the Cthta1la Chunn uno to 81_
wlth th Ita bullbull p 1 to vo the prt peltAl i al
th data thet the bullbullt _Jult 0 to accept prlbullbull at hI U OwaU 16 C d with the
lOhl~ltlon 0 1 al) Thl t-wo proan or hdeft with a eoU eductaU 1I1d with he plOhUalUan 0 _11ft pl bullbull
EducaUan bull- to IIbullbull Ill to In eooep 0 __ pllbullbull
heft
ll a (1 6 V hlta D th MI_ on 1- 11 (To a
catholl0 It 1 ft to ta1n an ye 0 U elel nh
cantHI dvlo end the W th aontnl pill) Th data h at
34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
- Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and practices correlated with age and education
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LIST or FlClIIES
fIGURE PAGE
1
2
bull So an the ttl~ eaal or the rou eIItIatlone1 1 bullbullbulll plotd nat Th hilhel the 0 the 8Oal the 1111 0 bull 0cU 0 c 1 the Int bull bull bull bull bull bull
bull eaol_ 8ft the tUtudbullbullaal 0 the thlH lnup plotted _lnat duoaUOMl 1 Th hilhel the eoOI the eaal the _1 111bullbull181 1 colng 0 ohang 1 the Ieepondent bull bull bull bull bull bull
2
middot3
bullbull
Th PIC_tag In eh llOUP 1 wlh itbullbull 6 It_ 6 D1ve~lllad Catholl0 ahauld II peao1tad to eelbullbull thbullbullbulleent (01811) C-n1an) bullbullbull though thleoond _ITI 1 lalld oconll to ftOaal Und Th plo In eaoh IOUII dl_l with It_ 11 It_ 11 P l bullbulltbullbullhauld t all g ~y bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull
32
I Th pn 1ft MOh lroup di_l_l1 wi th It_ 13 It_ 13 I t It all_ad to bec_ l bullbullt bull bull 35
6 Th pen In HOh I d111 with It 16 It 16 To be bull CathoUc l 1 neee) to lft M) 0 MUlel81 b1 th a8ftt~l d10 and the IIllth GontlDl pill 36
ItmlllUCflM
In tIttt middoteWbull _ bullbullbull bullbull1
u _ __
a Itt bullbullW _ 11 __
_ the 1 ton
_ tUmiddot _ aM Je _
_ - ut aamp1 MUt le 1 bull _ _ or th_
lIIIUbullbullbulllate lit 1 101) (Aun lnt)
_to at Itud I __a _tal bull
at to 11 1_ 1 t p2ftt bullbull flW ~_
-tin tt a in tet _t -1Wt __ bullbull__ ttte rat w 1 aftu_ ttl
bull tuel tIuIt de _ bullbullbull1 IalUty _tltllly
Al_1NIh l ~ed ltodbullbullUy bullbullbull 80M _ -
11111_1 Mil 0 rUn the i
11y i Itbull wo UftUl pnt tMN 11
Id u ptibullbull 1_
etu -1_tl 1_
bull albullbullbullbulll t lIeU Irw UtIbull
bullbullbulltlll __ U 111 th
bull WIll_ tU-
1tda w UIIII ln cal __ ttl _
lalU_ at u _ t I I All (1m) Ja _ u -u ~ or t taed
11uaebull dllUI dbull tftflvtrMe
he iMl_JAIlUaltbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull til u e1Uu_ 11th WdOh
It 11 18 bull Knoh tNnald (INa) lft Utat
bull _ 11MaUM r _UU_l --1 1 1M tilt
t lIIIU~ ~1tt lau MIl lteut (lftl) 1111
UuIita iMSVSlbullbullbullbull _ 0 bullbull1
WU_ UQ _ 0- tueu_u_
tWe JIIIIn en stu to Id a
bull _ -ta _ ial ~ bullbullbullbullbullbull tifta bullbulla_
_to 1 ua1e dla1IIIU1ahad an attltuda tJb111h la bull hbull uul _to to
_ bullbull _ a w __ a el III n t _ ~
U 1e lie _ n -i__u at V
1amplJIII (K-a JIIWa ampaU 1n3)
he ~ 111 _
-1 __ atut at
I
11 bullbullbull I fet nbullbull_
II
u -lbullbullbullM r -J wltIlt
elf tda llUtat fila Ie IIIIlI
t_ at tU 1IIVal err 1Ml
JllllaUt lit fit
til u s lie JupUr _ IIOUDM (C aM 1) bull
11 eM bullbullbullbull _Wi ubull alIA fI Ju u a-l_ shy
ilr aM _
-u A _ bullbullbullbull1_ It __ bullbullbull1amp811 wetul ampIt
VltaU MIl lte at
bullbull1_ 1bullbull11
bull IIllAl a (I 111 1110)
1 Ie aW tile
1 ia at I 1_ f1da u 1 nl bullbull
_- til __
0IIIIIlIInalIbullbull MIl s 1ha __ _ _ tie
u _ nbullbull Ia -1_ ubullbull A 11 or nu 9IPbullbullbullbullbull (1amp
CIIIII_ IIIUbullbull lMt) Ia _ __
_deaau __-1M tile
U The ---11bullbull (Iaa tetlllnd lilt) tMt
at tievttlIIp - 1tha1
gaala 1bullbullbullUtudu 1~ 1ft the rarnie 4M1wWual __bull Ttda II ~ u of
__ _ tUw eM _ U of
at Uudee 1 11) tha eft ri 1e
___ iftdlvll ___a at tNt
TIMt _ttude en Uta iMlitIual
1 U ellbull tie the bull of etU 18
1 Ut lMtpl a ana ( 1
15) The _1ft th_ -1 bullbull
aA _ bull -__1tue- u 1
bullbullUw reI thw l
n an 1 ~ Ia lead1lll
U_ A _1 0 a-U- Me
aM _ftllld _t ubullbull 0 la pmubullbull -IY Inall the ea_ I
pp t01 I itt ~
__ by _ ttovlMd hi _n_ ( bull 1M - albullbull
lt53r CaU 1915) at the -JR liN of ttt1
vi Jt 1bullbullt1ault ti oonolta_ the le
-bull bull t 1bullbulltlan t __iII_ VI pnMl_bullbull and
explaMt1_ ft 11 olotJ 0 lD1l1ft1111
1111 bullbull 1 heIa1 r__18a UtI Ift 0 lat
to 1eIII1d
the WId or -111bullbullbullu __ 1 ptIItl_
111 the tude rbullbull 1fIIIk bull III a_ aeo1a1 _au hlJtl-~= 111
_ 1 bull the flbullbullr nJJt1-
_ MU 1au ~ ( 1)
-- aitua __
bullbullbull -r alettbullbull II -lJt1- va bullbullbullbullbull __ Dr u u uuaa1l ~d-eltllale _ 1a 11 -e 1 bullbull11 the ala or u u _lta bullbull_J IIM _la pa___ or __ foaaula bull-__ v ___ bull lIMn tIItlr at _1ftIau aUl I the ar a or u bullbullUll _ft 1l1libull -uu at _ _-1 -1 bull hytHlttt or -l _upI (P 1M)bull
ttl-- _ to
~ Ute _ or ttta tete _ bullbull to J_ hie 1J1IeIt _
_al fJI 1Ih1lta 1An__ tAl
IU v 1aM_ IIUIIIh _ 1111- _all _
1 ~ 1 - bull Ja r _douD 1i1i1_ Iheu1II
bullbullbull__ v_ ta 1 nlJtiauebull t
lWllaa __ un_u U eualr bullbullbull lie
an W ft uuu 1 _Jaw 1
6
It IICIM _ ani
ltw _lal u 111 bull _hibull
1Una n -1 in --
an 11 _Uett __ __tIht_ help in
bull 1 bullbullbull- ll _til la
II) 1 _ wl tit - n toIMJ -lC _
w lad _ u_ 1 alwaUaa
HI __1 _ II aU Ut1e _lt1l -uti- tIM __ Ult
~ (1dI_ al HIO)
A f _ ttlw
bull bullbull11 __ _ bullbull1
_ __ Itl I ttthl bullbull laW
) Ie bullbull -Jitle-
__1 te_ bull til -11tshy
sa re aU 1M n IIAe
u _ IRI y1_ 1 dt
_ u uaa la 1Id
- fit _
_ til at all u 8 _ 1 om - altieal or N _ bullbullbullbull
1a te t u dI ult1thlR
1
Chdau ehunh _1 Ja u III a
1 bullbullbullbull-iftI tU 1M _t-iaUu 1IIel11111-- U_ aN lautt
trr the 11111 1 - n Aibullbull1 I _ aM
___ Ie tit _ ua ~ u pea
_11fbullbullbull bull __ 111 al 111 at bull
auv It 1e aU- _111
~ _ aw (1M2) bullbullad
-1 ~pat 11-_ _ 1ft ill tuIIy
__Ill
1MIebullbull_ wi _ -181 __ ~
Ie - 1IlUtl shy
Ute 1bull a __ I bullbullbull __ at au_ TIlle Itt_ ul us -
ua _ 11111 ur a lipid -_ 1 _ at I ~ 1
1 _ _~ __0 I aM 11bullbull 1ft
_ly Qdha110 a UICt1y 1a Utleal
bull -uu vUt1aJ I 170 _ Ute
or -l U bullbulllee Ud
LE bullbull1_ _ U rabull
bull U-1 1II8llUea1 er ct _
UU_ the _ t _ -urbull the _ -111 tit 1aU_ C1 U _
_ t~ ia bull hiuU
bull
bull Dull (1169) bullbullbull_ - _
_ _ the -l canebullbull - 1IIdel ~ JaIl
Slshy Uv _ cut_
I Ia bullbullbull VI2I1 _W N ___ bullbullPAI II 1IItJ_1 11_ IUln Iot _ the 1 tINt IIbull rat bullt _u-l 4SU bull _ bull bullbullbullbullbullft41 fII ~ bullbullbull1 bull _ill bullbullrlbullbullbull _tAlA hili III 1amp vbulla C _ra _ cu II h tide al ello bullbull bull bullbullbull jteUMI 1etIlM r I - _ul1 ad cttU 1 _ _ lJaI lUAlMll C_ (p 1ft)bull
__ _ fit ff1Au1 Alll
u t _ _ _ _al_
lIa It cttUa _ ~
efl bull cl ttlbull bull u _ fII _ __ It in the Ill CI IDlnR cau _ II __ _ __ ea __ -- 1lIeU WtHU P _ 1 of llllUat Ute III _ tile - _ u u bullbullbullbull1__ u tIIua la of u _ _Ie itt aubull u bull bullbullUb tltSe bullbull w M I11 _ _ el__U rashyt cbullbull)
- t 01 cau or wth ell tIltII tit -tal
u I ___ ampeIl- bullbullbullbullbull bull ft _ _ Ute bullbullbullIal ttI
(ItO) _It_ tit _ r bull u-
_ cata1kl_ r ial MI l _ __
the rena or ur 1tl-1 _
T UftCu_ lflaftUFlU etMlf can atullito -1) tIMlla ttt _Dla _ by ttta 11bull 1M cUrt t 1a DaU ft _atoleMl au_ II bU _tbu athbull a at middotU _ Ubullbullbull 111-1 til I bull-1tva ta hn 1_- t bull aun do __tuft fII Cetttel181aabull _ tlly 0middot the ctftaU Ctt la 1M 1ft bullbull ftde ot ita U1_ fillbull ua n Cabullbulllie Qwnb _ _Ub peUUal JIIln _ Will ___ CeHmiddot _ teI laUMII aybull pl 1 U ashy Ja ur ianbullbullbullIf rau w the ne lob -Uti- I bull oul ala _ uu lewd_ Ie raew De tha btalp Uu Cathell Jtlursu_ t _ __
__ Catllelt8 cma UIceU
ttw_ rabullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull 1Me 1 _
Ie tlOftll Jaftmiddot the at-Ullft ( 101) bull
1lU ca1 a the 11 U IIIIlAIW
ala1ll alUlauF _ _I-a ) 1Ml1Md lWI
III MD dUCATI lit IICIIL AlIt) 1EUtIIbullbull A1fmtlll
a t __ 1 - --Uta- bullbull nlaUaattip t at
_ law_uaa _th nU 1a
ta ~ wiUl It I -JHUve aeoid lie
raquo -It _ MtatRl W _ at __
~ or 11111- leU 1
lIeUs- -- nUt1- - shy
1dta1 bullbull Ue MIl _tal 11
tftalel1ll - F title ___ 111 laWaet w ~_ tile ulllltlbull U_ till _
eU ~t u _ bullbullbullbullt __ _lal
-- -~
_a u _ 1Iut lute aU_ a _ U_
la _ bullbullbullbull181 _deIaIa fa Ute ~ __
Ie aU fit - Uta AU 111 til
u u _ bullm aM _
ampII II UtI
y Ie lNIl-a
wiU _ It 1 _uti 1111)
Cl1 (UII) t __ ta ll I li11
thH 11111 lie middotmiddot1Atl__d to bullbullbullbull tl1a poUUl
11 01_ he II III tIda Ie
bull u bullbullbullbull II c (INI)
tIIebull -J ~
11
tlaat sa iM W II
-a ampttl- JIl eWebull
- 1_ 1 Ja U 11 aItI
pbullbullle de 1 s err _ 1_ ~bullbull 1913)
11debullbull __ bullbullbullbull t bull u at 11 ca lSI)bull
1 (1111) bullbullbullbullbullbull 11_ t -
bullbullbullbulld _ JJItInl Ja nI bull U _ fI 7bulla
t -1 1a W
1lt III8UtI a thbull bullbullbullbullbull_ l Utbullbull la tile
_ ell_ a bull
-1 u aU_ 1 ltIUeillue WIr u- Ja catM1te
CItunIl
Sa d_ eampwlUaau __ lit u 1 lie 81-1 a1 -leu or VI_ bull ill Ul It all
u un _ --_ at peUUea1 aal shy
_ It __bull tun eM W tilbullbullbullbullbull1111
(It11) -- 1At 1
tha _ dl_ h ru~
tel - I bullbullW fit __
u wa pauJa _ It hie _ til
ISbullbull M- IeIIa_ lila
u III _ titbullbull I __ lIIdllen __Us 1M
Uu uftly
n Ie __ t bull ve _taU_
~ Uu Jft _ UIl-- tll_ staa-k
(12) ntlltl-- tU wan tvu at u ft bull _ b (1_) MIl
n ttl II Clatholad u _ bullbull t-- II -u-1 lawIl u_ Uvel
I 1a t tha 0 nllp_ nU
u1 dlffteu1U te A 11 ft th (0_ 1) bullbullu 111 Ie __
briefl til ~ lda flit ___bull leUtlshy
1 na _11bull lite -lUUet r NI1t1_ bull
to dudI dt18u1t ~
(1161) u _DUlti Ita atudl_ w tile bull -l1 _u lIIdr
- tudy ill _tit nil tIel1i the eue__
tlltIII he t IP hi theeI) atItJ1_ liIIDe
tn 1e bull _ CIIthell pleat 11a
_ cathoU___ 11 a teHt ta _ bull
tatuUbullbullshy tl the dbullbulld bull 11_
-tdaI It 1n the __ poundIIhU Ounh hila
13
Th v~iabl 0 age nd duction w~ chobullbulln bullbull th 0 pa~ticulu int~bullbullt Th popultion ra whioh the bullbullpl in the
p~bullbulllIftt tudy i dnwn oonit 0 -11 parthbullbull d bullbulloh paih
contin popl 0 11 age and ductional lvlbullbullinc the~ i only
on p~ih in ach loction Thue th~ i no pobullbullibi1ity 0 peop1
g on duotional 1vl o~ ag lvl wo~hipp1ng and int~acting bullbull
bull bullbullprat ~l1g1au group The popultiDn thu to bbullbull auitabl
on in which to t bullbullt the hypathbullbulli that ligioubullbullttitudbullbull v~y w1th
age nd duction
sbullbullbulltudibullbullbull~ piW only t givn ta Stau~middot (1955)
tudy 0 cCa~thyi_ and r ting~ Rick and Sohchw (156)
tudy 0 ~ligiou c~ii could only b dona t tibullbullbull when the ph_
to b invbullbullt1gtd o~ed t~bullbulllvaa to the ob~v Today tu~o11
ov~ changbullbull in the II Ctho1ic C~ch to o~ thi typo
oppo~tun1ty to the pnt ~bullbullbullbull~ch~ Chang i the tt~ 0 g~t bullbullt
concm in the Catholic Chu~ch t pnt Ctwt will b optionally
dfined ro~ the pu~_ 0 thi invbullbulltigtion bullbull any a1t~1ng or beli
o~ practic aong catholic that ha takn p1c 1n the pbullbullt t ty
ybullbull~ o~ i bullbullted o~ the o~bullbullabl utu~bullbull
Sinc the ch taking plac CDv~ Mfty pha bullbullbull 0 Ctho1ic li
it bullbull conaided pobullbulliIl1 to contNct bullbullcal 0 it ~latd to
thbullbullbull changbullbull and uabullbull p~aanbullbullco~ on thibullbullca1 indicto~
0 hibullbullttitudbullbull t ~ thbullbullbull chang ro~ the pu~pobullbullbull 0 thibullbulltudy
bull 1ib1 w optiona11y dined on who avo~bullbull chang and bull
contrvat1vbullbullbull on who oppobullbullbull chang The 1ib~-conbullbullrvativ
continuUII i otn on wed in rligioubullbullttitud r~ch (Ii 1965)
and i bull ci11y lIPP~opdtbullbullinc HUg10n i l1y conid~d
10
a conaarativa oc1al forc aut thi 1 not ly true and religiau
backing 1 otten g1 to libeNl and rad1cal c_d 01 udl chWlO
It bullbullbull conaldarad of pnctieal nd theoretical intet to dtlII1 if
hatarogenalty 0 ttltuda toward elliou obJact exlted in ordinay
0DnOrtion corying IIlth ag and aducation If 0 thi would
relat ralilau attitud to thobullbull ound In other ar Of nuan 11a
n i thue the nl pua 0 hibullbulltucly to clIPitaU tha
preat crl1bullbull c~a -thln tha ~n Clic Church and data~e
i l1011U attituda do ind vary in ralation to a MCI acIuoaUon
It cana1drecl d bullbulllr~a to hold tha dr 0 raliiaue
ailiation and Uta Ie actor abullbullttlltl _ pbullbulllItl to teat I htl that th i ariatl wi thl -snaU_l popu1aU
Thi 1 accaplihad ~y bullbull1otlng a population or retUlarly churchmiddot
ttandlng Catholic Peopl 0- labal t~lea a Catholic --Ply
baaauaa c1a pau or ~cauaa 0 tradltiGMl aaeealaUo
thll aa11y with the Cathollc Church IUGh aUlatiM eM haldly ~
acceptllCl aa a I_t or tlUlt Church rattl 1 aac-Rc or
Cathollc bal1e and pneUo To 1M IU chaol a ehch l
population cannot takn pr 0 the Ject t or
MIL llut it at l_t ur that lUI 1 are 1ft touch
wi th the c occurring 1ft the Cahl1c Church and hat Utaa e
have _ io OIl ir liv d hence ar 1 u tIt_ at l bullbullt
In aft aanae 0 the te
statiUoaUy lJlllti the populatlon tie chWoh-attandera do
rave or tII vari_l11y that would ~ lUnd it he papulation
1 del a oiU 0 anyone who Oh the lallNtl 0 Catholic lut thibullbullWely 1 not ifttareatad ln rl1iy t attitud_
11
that lie u 11middot lIIIIk 1M
th4I It _ 1t1a M
IIau _11 VII1yent11 al n
__ UM fill bullbullbullbullbull
the of bullbullbull __ a_ _ _VtI u 1a _ _
_ catMUe JU1l1 till _ t_
aW
I MLlIICf
uu ta tuIIy abe r_ fit
at _II bull lell Ill It e
_u leila (1_)bull
bull Ii bullbullbullbull -- e __ IIUl 1bullbulltI iAtt bullbullbull __ (II Ia) ruu I Ill bullbullbull JMiwitlual _1 IdbullbullIt _ (p_
bull tud1 ell _ fill
1 bullbull11 _ IIIIB leU (I)
bull tuIIy 1 thU Cdtu_
thtIl ~ 1UaUea _ 1 __ de u_ bull cw (1 lis n_tat_ bull _ ~I
11 bullbull_tIbull N lieU __ t ad_ ia
U _ of the - cathu 1
-al t -u vI -1c1aI
t I bullbull 111 Itt cau poundMacIft lleDt tItle
~ d t h1e a1_
16
-- 1 __ lIeUa tha bullbullbullbullbull will lie
ale __ _ ____
Iel and 1~eto (1965) elM PDIt that Ute gnup lp
or the ilMnt Mould be ken lA_ 1ft _~tude ah
They ehawed tha JMta ~ to lawft ~ bullbullPI bull
(bullbulltal deairab111ty) and L (Ua) _1_ heR ttlbullbullI1-nt_ a
cauouc 1t traquo MAtIld ~lt bullbull IMotOh then he
la Accen1ng It thia tudy - adaln1aU 0 h tna~t
by a 11_t -ould both helIt iM thbullbullaUaldl1ty h
8IIIt CllDUiINt______in U u_ IIh1I1
CMAmlll
I Il1MODI - HIT 1
ml f It shyThe ~ 11 aU lie ounlRM 1
~ bullbull ___ ~ 1 -la 1ft the pu 111 nMlv _ Me
tutu bullu _ an1 will he
at h _ Al1_ Ml (1161) __ tn
u lilt nUU __ 1_ bull
a1 _ uu u - _v - - The pUM n bullbullbull _ PllMI11
s- 1 __ 1eWM _we ca
wI Uu_ _
at bullbullbullbullbullbull
lle bullbullbullntt bullbull W leW bull _ _ _
1___Uwa1 bullbullbullbullbullbull 1 he 1eahtaJ Uta __~
-Uuel bullbull_1 1 All 1 bull
111bullbull1 an MIa In ie
- Catlu cane 1ft U
1ft to W
_ t at u_ _ at u
11
mal tN _a AU tile
1 1ft thla e bull u bullt - tba or the
u __ fit 1Mt At Ut U the lUI t JuI n - hit dl__ ( lN1) 1111_
tnIlllllllJe _ alAe _tIl tWI 1ft dIdIIt
Ill 1 hi
W m they fit _t ~
u-au_ TN_ _ 101
I 1INUMd ampb _Ill II pel _U
_111 ~_ -1 _ In
he u- __ 1 ampII
- A 11_ the - _ 1 11 III _ h
- aa he
1 bPl _ u
lftIIIII fA ple
V cal __ - tutu 01
1IIdamp rtan tie bullbull or CltNl_ 1ft
bullbullbullbullM MUM --_
It _ bullbullbullbullbull ta _ 1Ile ull 1111
_til the 1 11 1ft eteh
U tMIlftIII Illcuit 81th
IIltly U lhatl bull ___ IIJ he r
I bull
a hen tid u tNnr
1- - dun __ _
-
Cathllll or al 1tIheIt 11 II -r shy_111M lap _ne
Oft hi 1 _1M _
1M 18 - _t __ lI1ruu
IIlll-Mlr nNaU h Md _ bullbullbull round to be _
(eo ~ ta _ NUl) eh
bull -Ill - - - r --t thin 1- 1111 rtl1 r he _
to 0 wil Nt U uat11
_ Ie ~ th_ hln _ _ u-I tdth bull WhIt to ttl l _ iii
1Ml 1 Chunh 18tV111 hbullbullbull_ All he 1_ eleaed -s Iftla In V h cU eW
Oft bull - II1Iu1al r
bullUIIy or -- 1_ (1 3 I _ 20T I lI 1bullbull 16 17 II
I nrua) ntUhIIII u bIlinl ~ - CUMll
Chunh The IIhu (It 1 It 6bullbullt 10 U U II I)
to ttl I bullbull tal cell
Chi_ hi 1-middot plaeed -l8JIea w tbu
10
_ - tiN
11bullbull1 a _ _ _- n () -1 tie _ bull 11
______hi bullbullbullbullbull _hi all__ JaI bull
_ nt (au tNII C
__ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullat _ taIIlil
I eu nbullbull Ml ___
a - Ilut - _ tMN JM1 _ and
-1 til ~ - bull I shy
abullbull IIM UIIt til h
rbullbull bullbull IIbullbull
I ___ 1II1et WIIl _ it_ -l nI
IIu 11 III - tN 11
_ al W I ilia Nt SIal M
ltI -d 1D Ud at au _
-111 s UIuIl _ lie autleWl 1M MUM
bull bullbullbull 1_ - _
_ at AU 1ft 1 of -
U _ ~ _tal petntSamp1 _
_ W ~bullbulld plPi_ in
tN Nel fit ~ he caubullbull n bullbullbull11 the 1M th _
t21 L ~ fMM - w_ fit (1) bullbullau _
21
itbout chng to p~t good dicrilnatlon alone the liberalshy
conervativ continuua ror pl In the rea or clrical dieiplinbull
ny Catholic ar eoncrnd with the prbullbullbullnt harta9 or clr9Y In
Catholic prih Thi uaually ratbullbullbull the quatian at clarical
clibcy Three it (2 11 and 15) perltt the rbullbullpondant to
diacrilnate bull 11ttle In 111 attitude toward hi tutUI ching Ite
11 bullbullrly ak it the chang to rrid clrlY 1bullbullIreable to the
rbullbullpendant It 2 bullbullk ir bull r bullbullpondnt thinka thi chang would rbullbullu1t
in lood bullbullrvic to peepl It 15 ineerpotbullbull the bullbullt rrquant
oent in the rirt two pilot tudibullbull whioh iapUbullbull tht thi chang
to nld clrgy llight raul t in battr bullbullrvic baerried
clrgy would hv bttr inaight into rly lir It i rbl to
ua tht bull preon ight ccapt bull chang to bull nid olrlY van
though bdobullbull not rbullbullbullbullbull it bullbull rbullbullu1ting in _d or bttr bullbullrvic but
bullbullrly beubullbull h d It noy to the bullbullitanc or the Churoh bullbull
h k it Hbullbullilht 10 think _nid clrgy auld 11v bttbullbull
bullbullbullvic or llight nat H could 10 think bullbullrried clrgy would liv
ltettr bullbullrvio but prrr the clibat olrlY h hebull awn cautDaad to
Thue 11 thr it hlp dicrillit bullbull r~ntmiddotbullbullttitud taad
thi chantbullbull
Th caaaant or dir r antbullbull180 indicted _ canebullbulln
over the poalUon cr woan in the Chuch T_ itbullbull tap thibullbull1bullbull cr
change It 1 chck the pandentmiddot tUtude to_rd bull intbullbulll
paUcipaUon by _en in worhlp nd it 15 chck hibullbulltUtUde toward
bull rl clrgy
It 16 and 18 both chok the bullbullbullpendant attitude t 1d the
ua_ of uthorlty in the Churoh Itaa 9 10 and 12 are all concrned
22
wi In hip U_ in he ChINh 1- 4 If 14
en bull __ _th he 1IffId1dU_ r the _ 111
Ute w ubullbullr u Ctweh all ani u hM
_ tile da 11bull CetMllM
th- tit~ _tdtIen W bull -Ia _
_ 1ft CNIlJ Ua ha en a _ I he
CltNIUL
f1M1 n lfI 1M Thl lnal _all _ leld Me lay -1At 11_ to 6U Calhal1M
~ vial 1A _1 parllh in I -n aagon au
DOIIPlated U 111 the allot tJu __1tIg tohl
II1ddla or tttl 111bullbull and _ __ -kad for a
~rr or tl rtlilU1ta
A epllt-halr nllelAlUbullbullaJG1ant Gtd tor the de
obtaineG nil heM tiO ta and _ tllUftd to be A co~relaU_
an thl uwn and t hal the 1Dampl __MIt
_ampI ou_ t bl ill
II IETMIDI NIT 11
Th Catall adahop ~I 1 tact
_1_ ta thl ftMa to any ar $tsa palJt 0 hI ____
the Itudy The filioo_ t lMIIJcI _ 0 catam 0
-J bull t 32 auINRlta _ parun ar he pa-__ Ira _U
1- than 20 tU ut ttbullbull fa bull la1 peJah_ and the
lan1 deAlcted that bull tnUfia_Una lan would orbullbull
23
bettr bull 1 or the population Th parihs wer dlvided into thr
group (1 - 200 rtltbullbull 201 - 00 r-111bullbull and 401 - 600 raillbullbull )
Dna parih each rroa the two larger group and our aall pariaha wr
randoaly bullbulllactad a the pl or par1h to bbullbullurv~ad Thue tha
ubJect contitut a randaa stretirid ple or the church-going
population or the R Catholic D10c of BIIcr Sinc thre 1 only
one Catholic paih in the bullbull1 town and ciUbullbull or E_tern OnIOn all
church10ing Catholic or th1 ara ar OlOad to worhip together thus
abullbulluring the bullbuller1llntr t t the vadablbullbull or 1Ig and ducation will
b rairly rprntativ or the entir Catholic population or the ar
The experientr a Cathol1c pribullbullt orrioiated at the regular
Sunday erv1cbullbull or the padshbullbull included in the ple During the tibullbull
in tha service regularly devoted to a eran he aked the u~r to pa
out copis or the attitude acale and pencil to bar or the
congregation Arter thbullbullbull -d been distributed the Eucpedantar read
the introductory paragraph or the quUonnair to the congregation H
requeted thelr cooplation in coapltiO the it and orr8led to
anwer any quetion when the elvice over Tanty ainut war
allotad to the subject ror coaplation of ttle attitude cal The
bullbullrvice _ concluded in the usual annel and the ePerinter anred
any quetion that c up
A and EdypaUal Lbullbulll bull
for the purpo anal ying the data or the tudy the ubJectbull
bullbullre dividd into thrbullbull aoe IIOUP and rour ducation 11OUP thus
living a _trix 0 t_lv call The age IIOUPbullbullbullr (1) Jct
24
btn IS-30 yar 0 ao (2) eubJaot btn 31-50 yar (3)
ubJct 51 yn 0 or oldr Thi dlvllon baed uan bullbullvnI
conidration ThbullbullubJeot in the irt ege group have lived aot or
thair livbullbull in a changing Catholic Church It i bullbull~acted that they
will be Muoh more accpting 0 change then the other groupbullbullince changa
1 1bullbullbull unuual to th Tha ubJact In the bullbullcand group havs pant
01 or their live in bull Church that did little changing end hence are
expected to b 1bullbullbull accepting Dr chang The third group Ul hava
pnt Much ora t1bullbull than ither 0 tha other group in an unchanging
rligiou atbullbullpher It i bullbull~ected that thy wiU b the t
conervativ group
The division 0 ducation into our lvelbullbullbullbullbullbulld the 8Ot
p~tical ro tha tandpoint at the gneral population to bbullbullurvayd
Gradbullbullchool high chaol __ ooUaobullbull Md a caplatad tour yaar
oollg education bullbullra oanaidred tha aibullbullt diviion to k in our
population aina they ak undratandable diviiona 01 the rapandania
lind each lavl oanUtutbullbull an appreciabl aducational dierenca Ya
at chool caplstad thue conatitutesour oparational dtinitian or
education
III PREOICTIONS
In the lioht 0 tha previous diacu ion and tha r bullbullult at tha
pilot tucUbullbull the allowing pred1ctiona bullbullre _dbullbull
1 Scarbullbull an the prbullbullant hal a the acale will b highr than
acorbullbull on the utuw halt Thi prdiction t bullbullted ith a tet
ror correlated data
2 Younger Catholic bullbullUl tend to be 01 liberal or accepting
25
tit _ A rtAun MIl ttl caul
latlaa _ ~ toe teet 1 ypo
J eav11bullbullbull111 Ie -_ r _
to u will with 1_ renal A _rn1eUon _
t w hy~bullbull
DtAPTII 111
TIIIIIle 1 vee the __ bull bullhe tUIIa Mample
bull bullbull1 lPtti A tnIl
lQM hi aW- II lO1S
_ ubullbullIe n leta _ bull
TM _ _ the -1 21
to iIIplrl _ the ~ _ bullbull _- p1Me
NI ten h
TIIIJ1e 1 v t 14 iD tile bull AVi tnI UlnaIbullbulldbullbull
aIl TNwe a I
hiIhl ~ tie Thi moa - cauu u ~
__u VIan U Ie The
bull _ MI a lea _
u- tee __ tqb
TM _ 1A TIIIIla 1 II at t _ u Uta _ 1M U ten_
- -
27
TAamppound J
bullbullEI or II POt DUCATl IIOUP
IIAI bull ntl anl1l8r 8CampI
Old ~ (a bull raquoa)(ft bull 113) (bullbull m)
middot ~~--~~~ - r---~~~ 2-l i I
~ i ~ ~ I )~--middot~---iimiddotmiddot---~~~middot~_~_~middotn i
I j II UI I bull III I n 11- i bull 124 I bull 111bull bull 84 I
~ 1
_-------middot4---middotmiddotmiddot_middot+------1
~ bull-1 n
bull bull 111 bull bull 116bull 10
-bull bull 121
1
(n bull UI)
shy
1
(a bull 3-)
cu (bullbull 2U)
bull mmiddot CoU
(a bull 17)
In fig 1 the mean IIOOfeamp or eech educUonal grC1lp 18 plotld
c)gd not dye Lowr scures middotIe indio gtl1vn of conE1rvatislII 8nll h bull gher
soor~s of 11b8ld eta Of groilolr cceptfnc1 of ot) nge Hmiddot~ d t et(JW b
tlf900 tOWfO mo EG libel 1 tti tUt19sin youngt respondentG 19
mi((UfII-gIH t~iQr 9croo1 gredudtas were just eligrtly more LblSral t n
tc younger ligl school QridIJt~S The corrsltion btlDaan 8core8 on
tilm dtitude 8cle finc -g9 was 51 Ulhich is atntist~cll) signifLclnt
t ttlpound bull 11 lsvsl TrG corrailttion between accres on tre attitud~3 scel~
1)nd age wlth educaration prtialled aut was 36 TNa younglill pelOjlla sro
SEHn to bs signlficanU) more accepting 01 change ttln older people
In fig 1 tt-a tH8n COrliS or each gloup ale plott td Il9Ilnet
th~ four Qduc~1tionEll 18113 Thli trend toward l1Il rEt liberal attitiJdo6
wi t ncroiJsnr F1iJCation is slimn in thfll graph Tta eorriltloUon butween
scar on tI~ GCelA ana echoicbull tion 118$ bull ti wlch is 8ignifiCtlnt (tt the
Jl lEtllel n~ corrsl~t1on betwgon scor on ttt~ IICel ~nd f4duQtton
lIIitt ugo pltrtiall~d out lIIes 3amp Thue edUcation is e~n to bil
signifiesntly relatQd to aecfgtptftMC8 at cr~ngo more aduc tad rlJsjJondpnts
tanding to ecclpt ctangua molS r9i11dil) th~in lee oducated 0098
Ttfl date Indice ted t~ilt tlere was no CIOfInlEltion bt~ttl1m1n )gc QItd
sducation (I -db) t Impling no overlap 1n the variance aoountilc for
by the two voriablas 80 a multiple R was computed The ~ultiple R
between 8cores on the acale and E)ge and education was bullbulla About 16
of the variance on ttese 8cores is trus predictablo from age and
education
A 1 test using the formula for carrelatad observations I UlliS done
on t9 deta from the future nd present t1Bllles of tg sc-ale T-e
bullbull
29
-~---------=l GJ8d Schaal bull 6 High School 0- __0
S COlla amiddotmiddotmiddota i
4 yra Collage bull ibull
G_ Amiddot 7- 0
bull bull - - 0 JI bullbull bull N
a
laquo
Old 1l1ddla
AGE
riquE 1 Ian acorbullbull on the attitude Bcele or the foul lIducaUone1 lavl plotted againet eg The highsr ths cors on the aeale the are liberal 01 accepting or change are the reapondenta
lJ
Did Jj a dIIle 0 0 Yatal Il- --D
11
bull
1 2 3
poundDUCATIObullbullL~V[LS
1M a bull _ne the ttltwde elbullbullr th thne poupe plt1M11 lwl The hlp Uw _ on the ele the _n 111 01 --URe or h nepond_e
31
1 - oMbullbullbull 36~)l (p lt 111) 1ndl0U auort tor th hypol
that Cthollcbullbullre _rbullbullcoepting or chabullbull alrdy lMt1 tutad than
they 1 of future hypothlzd chang
U lOR IlOllDUAL nos
S ot the 1t_ in the ttltudbullbullcalbullbullr8 ot bullbulldl Intt
btlcauae thf rtl~ot tUtudU r bull IMt iltpartnett in th
Cetllo110 Churgt todey Itbullbull 6 11 13 end 16 hev be n anAlyzlld
IIDrtl ull y than thtt othr And 1 preted 1n th U1 our
fgur to how th ulte In tr d taU ttaaa 6 11 and 13
wre ~ the uture pert 0 the 8cal and it 16 1 the prt
pert 0 th ace1
lba t
f lIUr8 3 the pnta or Meh I Ihel 111 th 1t_
bull (Dlvo-rrr1d Ctho1icbullbullhou1d b p~tted to raciv the
bullbullonu illy C-uon van though thlr bullbullaond urlbullbullbull
1 inval1d according to na~al tndard) Ovral 61 ot the
r bullbullpond t bullbullbullreed that 01 involved ln invalld 111hould
bbullbull11_0 to rbullbulliv the aat rlgur 3 that ln ach
group at l t ~a~ ot the repond ahaI thl preibullbulliv attltudbullbull
In the youngr ana _1 educatd lrouP _lIIOt 7b~ or ttl raepondant bull
bull xpl dlt with pnnt polley Svnty-toUl IGent or th
rnat wlth a 0011 eduoat1an agreed to bull changbullbullbull d1d 68)11 0 th r8apondant undr thirty y or bullbullbullbull
32
Old Yaung
I~-- -gt- bullbullbull
56~ 5~
- 1
7t~ ~ ~
f
_IDIUJ fiayenr 3 Thl pen_tag 1n ROh II 1-inI _th It 6 J_ 6 Dlvolc- llbd Catha110bull bull haul It t Icl n aact ( otal1r -Uftlon) bull theulh nll bullbull cencI_1 1 bull lavU aoollldl to --
Gbullbull SohaDl
Call
33
DIIl1 rl 4 vee theu1t 0 the VllY itbull U (PII
ehould _t U ta _fty) OvU 57j or the ehUloh
Cthollbullbull 1ft 1 bullbulltud) Ind1oat that th dl with the Cethol1
ChulGhf poUe) 0 bullbull1J_ 0 h al St __ 0 th IIhUlGh _th bull 1tecI DOn aU_ 111 w1~
t pall SJn 1M 0 h young - dl
with t polla) ~ the yaur Cathctll0 wih bull DOll
eduoatlon ~ dlred wlh th 01011 polle
Hau (leuI 5 tivu Ue peentege 1ft -h tIlI wUh
It_ 13 (__ t VI all__ 0 I bullbullU) A t
mt dl wlth hi U 1 eu t be yl that h would
1n evo 0 heving _1 aly Jn the Cthta1la Chunn uno to 81_
wlth th Ita bullbull p 1 to vo the prt peltAl i al
th data thet the bullbullt _Jult 0 to accept prlbullbull at hI U OwaU 16 C d with the
lOhl~ltlon 0 1 al) Thl t-wo proan or hdeft with a eoU eductaU 1I1d with he plOhUalUan 0 _11ft pl bullbull
EducaUan bull- to IIbullbull Ill to In eooep 0 __ pllbullbull
heft
ll a (1 6 V hlta D th MI_ on 1- 11 (To a
catholl0 It 1 ft to ta1n an ye 0 U elel nh
cantHI dvlo end the W th aontnl pill) Th data h at
34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
- Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and practices correlated with age and education
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ItmlllUCflM
In tIttt middoteWbull _ bullbullbull bullbull1
u _ __
a Itt bullbullW _ 11 __
_ the 1 ton
_ tUmiddot _ aM Je _
_ - ut aamp1 MUt le 1 bull _ _ or th_
lIIIUbullbullbulllate lit 1 101) (Aun lnt)
_to at Itud I __a _tal bull
at to 11 1_ 1 t p2ftt bullbull flW ~_
-tin tt a in tet _t -1Wt __ bullbull__ ttte rat w 1 aftu_ ttl
bull tuel tIuIt de _ bullbullbull1 IalUty _tltllly
Al_1NIh l ~ed ltodbullbullUy bullbullbull 80M _ -
11111_1 Mil 0 rUn the i
11y i Itbull wo UftUl pnt tMN 11
Id u ptibullbull 1_
etu -1_tl 1_
bull albullbullbullbulll t lIeU Irw UtIbull
bullbullbulltlll __ U 111 th
bull WIll_ tU-
1tda w UIIII ln cal __ ttl _
lalU_ at u _ t I I All (1m) Ja _ u -u ~ or t taed
11uaebull dllUI dbull tftflvtrMe
he iMl_JAIlUaltbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull til u e1Uu_ 11th WdOh
It 11 18 bull Knoh tNnald (INa) lft Utat
bull _ 11MaUM r _UU_l --1 1 1M tilt
t lIIIU~ ~1tt lau MIl lteut (lftl) 1111
UuIita iMSVSlbullbullbullbull _ 0 bullbull1
WU_ UQ _ 0- tueu_u_
tWe JIIIIn en stu to Id a
bull _ -ta _ ial ~ bullbullbullbullbullbull tifta bullbulla_
_to 1 ua1e dla1IIIU1ahad an attltuda tJb111h la bull hbull uul _to to
_ bullbull _ a w __ a el III n t _ ~
U 1e lie _ n -i__u at V
1amplJIII (K-a JIIWa ampaU 1n3)
he ~ 111 _
-1 __ atut at
I
11 bullbullbull I fet nbullbull_
II
u -lbullbullbullM r -J wltIlt
elf tda llUtat fila Ie IIIIlI
t_ at tU 1IIVal err 1Ml
JllllaUt lit fit
til u s lie JupUr _ IIOUDM (C aM 1) bull
11 eM bullbullbullbull _Wi ubull alIA fI Ju u a-l_ shy
ilr aM _
-u A _ bullbullbullbull1_ It __ bullbullbull1amp811 wetul ampIt
VltaU MIl lte at
bullbull1_ 1bullbull11
bull IIllAl a (I 111 1110)
1 Ie aW tile
1 ia at I 1_ f1da u 1 nl bullbull
_- til __
0IIIIIlIInalIbullbull MIl s 1ha __ _ _ tie
u _ nbullbull Ia -1_ ubullbull A 11 or nu 9IPbullbullbullbullbull (1amp
CIIIII_ IIIUbullbull lMt) Ia _ __
_deaau __-1M tile
U The ---11bullbull (Iaa tetlllnd lilt) tMt
at tievttlIIp - 1tha1
gaala 1bullbullbullUtudu 1~ 1ft the rarnie 4M1wWual __bull Ttda II ~ u of
__ _ tUw eM _ U of
at Uudee 1 11) tha eft ri 1e
___ iftdlvll ___a at tNt
TIMt _ttude en Uta iMlitIual
1 U ellbull tie the bull of etU 18
1 Ut lMtpl a ana ( 1
15) The _1ft th_ -1 bullbull
aA _ bull -__1tue- u 1
bullbullUw reI thw l
n an 1 ~ Ia lead1lll
U_ A _1 0 a-U- Me
aM _ftllld _t ubullbull 0 la pmubullbull -IY Inall the ea_ I
pp t01 I itt ~
__ by _ ttovlMd hi _n_ ( bull 1M - albullbull
lt53r CaU 1915) at the -JR liN of ttt1
vi Jt 1bullbullt1ault ti oonolta_ the le
-bull bull t 1bullbulltlan t __iII_ VI pnMl_bullbull and
explaMt1_ ft 11 olotJ 0 lD1l1ft1111
1111 bullbull 1 heIa1 r__18a UtI Ift 0 lat
to 1eIII1d
the WId or -111bullbullbullu __ 1 ptIItl_
111 the tude rbullbull 1fIIIk bull III a_ aeo1a1 _au hlJtl-~= 111
_ 1 bull the flbullbullr nJJt1-
_ MU 1au ~ ( 1)
-- aitua __
bullbullbull -r alettbullbull II -lJt1- va bullbullbullbullbull __ Dr u u uuaa1l ~d-eltllale _ 1a 11 -e 1 bullbull11 the ala or u u _lta bullbull_J IIM _la pa___ or __ foaaula bull-__ v ___ bull lIMn tIItlr at _1ftIau aUl I the ar a or u bullbullUll _ft 1l1libull -uu at _ _-1 -1 bull hytHlttt or -l _upI (P 1M)bull
ttl-- _ to
~ Ute _ or ttta tete _ bullbull to J_ hie 1J1IeIt _
_al fJI 1Ih1lta 1An__ tAl
IU v 1aM_ IIUIIIh _ 1111- _all _
1 ~ 1 - bull Ja r _douD 1i1i1_ Iheu1II
bullbullbull__ v_ ta 1 nlJtiauebull t
lWllaa __ un_u U eualr bullbullbull lie
an W ft uuu 1 _Jaw 1
6
It IICIM _ ani
ltw _lal u 111 bull _hibull
1Una n -1 in --
an 11 _Uett __ __tIht_ help in
bull 1 bullbullbull- ll _til la
II) 1 _ wl tit - n toIMJ -lC _
w lad _ u_ 1 alwaUaa
HI __1 _ II aU Ut1e _lt1l -uti- tIM __ Ult
~ (1dI_ al HIO)
A f _ ttlw
bull bullbull11 __ _ bullbull1
_ __ Itl I ttthl bullbull laW
) Ie bullbull -Jitle-
__1 te_ bull til -11tshy
sa re aU 1M n IIAe
u _ IRI y1_ 1 dt
_ u uaa la 1Id
- fit _
_ til at all u 8 _ 1 om - altieal or N _ bullbullbullbull
1a te t u dI ult1thlR
1
Chdau ehunh _1 Ja u III a
1 bullbullbullbull-iftI tU 1M _t-iaUu 1IIel11111-- U_ aN lautt
trr the 11111 1 - n Aibullbull1 I _ aM
___ Ie tit _ ua ~ u pea
_11fbullbullbull bull __ 111 al 111 at bull
auv It 1e aU- _111
~ _ aw (1M2) bullbullad
-1 ~pat 11-_ _ 1ft ill tuIIy
__Ill
1MIebullbull_ wi _ -181 __ ~
Ie - 1IlUtl shy
Ute 1bull a __ I bullbullbull __ at au_ TIlle Itt_ ul us -
ua _ 11111 ur a lipid -_ 1 _ at I ~ 1
1 _ _~ __0 I aM 11bullbull 1ft
_ly Qdha110 a UICt1y 1a Utleal
bull -uu vUt1aJ I 170 _ Ute
or -l U bullbulllee Ud
LE bullbull1_ _ U rabull
bull U-1 1II8llUea1 er ct _
UU_ the _ t _ -urbull the _ -111 tit 1aU_ C1 U _
_ t~ ia bull hiuU
bull
bull Dull (1169) bullbullbull_ - _
_ _ the -l canebullbull - 1IIdel ~ JaIl
Slshy Uv _ cut_
I Ia bullbullbull VI2I1 _W N ___ bullbullPAI II 1IItJ_1 11_ IUln Iot _ the 1 tINt IIbull rat bullt _u-l 4SU bull _ bull bullbullbullbullbullft41 fII ~ bullbullbull1 bull _ill bullbullrlbullbullbull _tAlA hili III 1amp vbulla C _ra _ cu II h tide al ello bullbull bull bullbullbull jteUMI 1etIlM r I - _ul1 ad cttU 1 _ _ lJaI lUAlMll C_ (p 1ft)bull
__ _ fit ff1Au1 Alll
u t _ _ _ _al_
lIa It cttUa _ ~
efl bull cl ttlbull bull u _ fII _ __ It in the Ill CI IDlnR cau _ II __ _ __ ea __ -- 1lIeU WtHU P _ 1 of llllUat Ute III _ tile - _ u u bullbullbullbull1__ u tIIua la of u _ _Ie itt aubull u bull bullbullUb tltSe bullbull w M I11 _ _ el__U rashyt cbullbull)
- t 01 cau or wth ell tIltII tit -tal
u I ___ ampeIl- bullbullbullbullbull bull ft _ _ Ute bullbullbullIal ttI
(ItO) _It_ tit _ r bull u-
_ cata1kl_ r ial MI l _ __
the rena or ur 1tl-1 _
T UftCu_ lflaftUFlU etMlf can atullito -1) tIMlla ttt _Dla _ by ttta 11bull 1M cUrt t 1a DaU ft _atoleMl au_ II bU _tbu athbull a at middotU _ Ubullbullbull 111-1 til I bull-1tva ta hn 1_- t bull aun do __tuft fII Cetttel181aabull _ tlly 0middot the ctftaU Ctt la 1M 1ft bullbull ftde ot ita U1_ fillbull ua n Cabullbulllie Qwnb _ _Ub peUUal JIIln _ Will ___ CeHmiddot _ teI laUMII aybull pl 1 U ashy Ja ur ianbullbullbullIf rau w the ne lob -Uti- I bull oul ala _ uu lewd_ Ie raew De tha btalp Uu Cathell Jtlursu_ t _ __
__ Catllelt8 cma UIceU
ttw_ rabullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull 1Me 1 _
Ie tlOftll Jaftmiddot the at-Ullft ( 101) bull
1lU ca1 a the 11 U IIIIlAIW
ala1ll alUlauF _ _I-a ) 1Ml1Md lWI
III MD dUCATI lit IICIIL AlIt) 1EUtIIbullbull A1fmtlll
a t __ 1 - --Uta- bullbull nlaUaattip t at
_ law_uaa _th nU 1a
ta ~ wiUl It I -JHUve aeoid lie
raquo -It _ MtatRl W _ at __
~ or 11111- leU 1
lIeUs- -- nUt1- - shy
1dta1 bullbull Ue MIl _tal 11
tftalel1ll - F title ___ 111 laWaet w ~_ tile ulllltlbull U_ till _
eU ~t u _ bullbullbullbullt __ _lal
-- -~
_a u _ 1Iut lute aU_ a _ U_
la _ bullbullbullbull181 _deIaIa fa Ute ~ __
Ie aU fit - Uta AU 111 til
u u _ bullm aM _
ampII II UtI
y Ie lNIl-a
wiU _ It 1 _uti 1111)
Cl1 (UII) t __ ta ll I li11
thH 11111 lie middotmiddot1Atl__d to bullbullbullbull tl1a poUUl
11 01_ he II III tIda Ie
bull u bullbullbullbull II c (INI)
tIIebull -J ~
11
tlaat sa iM W II
-a ampttl- JIl eWebull
- 1_ 1 Ja U 11 aItI
pbullbullle de 1 s err _ 1_ ~bullbull 1913)
11debullbull __ bullbullbullbull t bull u at 11 ca lSI)bull
1 (1111) bullbullbullbullbullbull 11_ t -
bullbullbullbulld _ JJItInl Ja nI bull U _ fI 7bulla
t -1 1a W
1lt III8UtI a thbull bullbullbullbullbull_ l Utbullbull la tile
_ ell_ a bull
-1 u aU_ 1 ltIUeillue WIr u- Ja catM1te
CItunIl
Sa d_ eampwlUaau __ lit u 1 lie 81-1 a1 -leu or VI_ bull ill Ul It all
u un _ --_ at peUUea1 aal shy
_ It __bull tun eM W tilbullbullbullbullbull1111
(It11) -- 1At 1
tha _ dl_ h ru~
tel - I bullbullW fit __
u wa pauJa _ It hie _ til
ISbullbull M- IeIIa_ lila
u III _ titbullbull I __ lIIdllen __Us 1M
Uu uftly
n Ie __ t bull ve _taU_
~ Uu Jft _ UIl-- tll_ staa-k
(12) ntlltl-- tU wan tvu at u ft bull _ b (1_) MIl
n ttl II Clatholad u _ bullbull t-- II -u-1 lawIl u_ Uvel
I 1a t tha 0 nllp_ nU
u1 dlffteu1U te A 11 ft th (0_ 1) bullbullu 111 Ie __
briefl til ~ lda flit ___bull leUtlshy
1 na _11bull lite -lUUet r NI1t1_ bull
to dudI dt18u1t ~
(1161) u _DUlti Ita atudl_ w tile bull -l1 _u lIIdr
- tudy ill _tit nil tIel1i the eue__
tlltIII he t IP hi theeI) atItJ1_ liIIDe
tn 1e bull _ CIIthell pleat 11a
_ cathoU___ 11 a teHt ta _ bull
tatuUbullbullshy tl the dbullbulld bull 11_
-tdaI It 1n the __ poundIIhU Ounh hila
13
Th v~iabl 0 age nd duction w~ chobullbulln bullbull th 0 pa~ticulu int~bullbullt Th popultion ra whioh the bullbullpl in the
p~bullbulllIftt tudy i dnwn oonit 0 -11 parthbullbull d bullbulloh paih
contin popl 0 11 age and ductional lvlbullbullinc the~ i only
on p~ih in ach loction Thue th~ i no pobullbullibi1ity 0 peop1
g on duotional 1vl o~ ag lvl wo~hipp1ng and int~acting bullbull
bull bullbullprat ~l1g1au group The popultiDn thu to bbullbull auitabl
on in which to t bullbullt the hypathbullbulli that ligioubullbullttitudbullbull v~y w1th
age nd duction
sbullbullbulltudibullbullbull~ piW only t givn ta Stau~middot (1955)
tudy 0 cCa~thyi_ and r ting~ Rick and Sohchw (156)
tudy 0 ~ligiou c~ii could only b dona t tibullbullbull when the ph_
to b invbullbullt1gtd o~ed t~bullbulllvaa to the ob~v Today tu~o11
ov~ changbullbull in the II Ctho1ic C~ch to o~ thi typo
oppo~tun1ty to the pnt ~bullbullbullbull~ch~ Chang i the tt~ 0 g~t bullbullt
concm in the Catholic Chu~ch t pnt Ctwt will b optionally
dfined ro~ the pu~_ 0 thi invbullbulltigtion bullbull any a1t~1ng or beli
o~ practic aong catholic that ha takn p1c 1n the pbullbullt t ty
ybullbull~ o~ i bullbullted o~ the o~bullbullabl utu~bullbull
Sinc the ch taking plac CDv~ Mfty pha bullbullbull 0 Ctho1ic li
it bullbull conaided pobullbulliIl1 to contNct bullbullcal 0 it ~latd to
thbullbullbull changbullbull and uabullbull p~aanbullbullco~ on thibullbullca1 indicto~
0 hibullbullttitudbullbull t ~ thbullbullbull chang ro~ the pu~pobullbullbull 0 thibullbulltudy
bull 1ib1 w optiona11y dined on who avo~bullbull chang and bull
contrvat1vbullbullbull on who oppobullbullbull chang The 1ib~-conbullbullrvativ
continuUII i otn on wed in rligioubullbullttitud r~ch (Ii 1965)
and i bull ci11y lIPP~opdtbullbullinc HUg10n i l1y conid~d
10
a conaarativa oc1al forc aut thi 1 not ly true and religiau
backing 1 otten g1 to libeNl and rad1cal c_d 01 udl chWlO
It bullbullbull conaldarad of pnctieal nd theoretical intet to dtlII1 if
hatarogenalty 0 ttltuda toward elliou obJact exlted in ordinay
0DnOrtion corying IIlth ag and aducation If 0 thi would
relat ralilau attitud to thobullbull ound In other ar Of nuan 11a
n i thue the nl pua 0 hibullbulltucly to clIPitaU tha
preat crl1bullbull c~a -thln tha ~n Clic Church and data~e
i l1011U attituda do ind vary in ralation to a MCI acIuoaUon
It cana1drecl d bullbulllr~a to hold tha dr 0 raliiaue
ailiation and Uta Ie actor abullbullttlltl _ pbullbulllItl to teat I htl that th i ariatl wi thl -snaU_l popu1aU
Thi 1 accaplihad ~y bullbull1otlng a population or retUlarly churchmiddot
ttandlng Catholic Peopl 0- labal t~lea a Catholic --Ply
baaauaa c1a pau or ~cauaa 0 tradltiGMl aaeealaUo
thll aa11y with the Cathollc Church IUGh aUlatiM eM haldly ~
acceptllCl aa a I_t or tlUlt Church rattl 1 aac-Rc or
Cathollc bal1e and pneUo To 1M IU chaol a ehch l
population cannot takn pr 0 the Ject t or
MIL llut it at l_t ur that lUI 1 are 1ft touch
wi th the c occurring 1ft the Cahl1c Church and hat Utaa e
have _ io OIl ir liv d hence ar 1 u tIt_ at l bullbullt
In aft aanae 0 the te
statiUoaUy lJlllti the populatlon tie chWoh-attandera do
rave or tII vari_l11y that would ~ lUnd it he papulation
1 del a oiU 0 anyone who Oh the lallNtl 0 Catholic lut thibullbullWely 1 not ifttareatad ln rl1iy t attitud_
11
that lie u 11middot lIIIIk 1M
th4I It _ 1t1a M
IIau _11 VII1yent11 al n
__ UM fill bullbullbullbullbull
the of bullbullbull __ a_ _ _VtI u 1a _ _
_ catMUe JU1l1 till _ t_
aW
I MLlIICf
uu ta tuIIy abe r_ fit
at _II bull lell Ill It e
_u leila (1_)bull
bull Ii bullbullbullbull -- e __ IIUl 1bullbulltI iAtt bullbullbull __ (II Ia) ruu I Ill bullbullbull JMiwitlual _1 IdbullbullIt _ (p_
bull tud1 ell _ fill
1 bullbull11 _ IIIIB leU (I)
bull tuIIy 1 thU Cdtu_
thtIl ~ 1UaUea _ 1 __ de u_ bull cw (1 lis n_tat_ bull _ ~I
11 bullbull_tIbull N lieU __ t ad_ ia
U _ of the - cathu 1
-al t -u vI -1c1aI
t I bullbull 111 Itt cau poundMacIft lleDt tItle
~ d t h1e a1_
16
-- 1 __ lIeUa tha bullbullbullbullbull will lie
ale __ _ ____
Iel and 1~eto (1965) elM PDIt that Ute gnup lp
or the ilMnt Mould be ken lA_ 1ft _~tude ah
They ehawed tha JMta ~ to lawft ~ bullbullPI bull
(bullbulltal deairab111ty) and L (Ua) _1_ heR ttlbullbullI1-nt_ a
cauouc 1t traquo MAtIld ~lt bullbull IMotOh then he
la Accen1ng It thia tudy - adaln1aU 0 h tna~t
by a 11_t -ould both helIt iM thbullbullaUaldl1ty h
8IIIt CllDUiINt______in U u_ IIh1I1
CMAmlll
I Il1MODI - HIT 1
ml f It shyThe ~ 11 aU lie ounlRM 1
~ bullbull ___ ~ 1 -la 1ft the pu 111 nMlv _ Me
tutu bullu _ an1 will he
at h _ Al1_ Ml (1161) __ tn
u lilt nUU __ 1_ bull
a1 _ uu u - _v - - The pUM n bullbullbull _ PllMI11
s- 1 __ 1eWM _we ca
wI Uu_ _
at bullbullbullbullbullbull
lle bullbullbullntt bullbull W leW bull _ _ _
1___Uwa1 bullbullbullbullbullbull 1 he 1eahtaJ Uta __~
-Uuel bullbull_1 1 All 1 bull
111bullbull1 an MIa In ie
- Catlu cane 1ft U
1ft to W
_ t at u_ _ at u
11
mal tN _a AU tile
1 1ft thla e bull u bullt - tba or the
u __ fit 1Mt At Ut U the lUI t JuI n - hit dl__ ( lN1) 1111_
tnIlllllllJe _ alAe _tIl tWI 1ft dIdIIt
Ill 1 hi
W m they fit _t ~
u-au_ TN_ _ 101
I 1INUMd ampb _Ill II pel _U
_111 ~_ -1 _ In
he u- __ 1 ampII
- A 11_ the - _ 1 11 III _ h
- aa he
1 bPl _ u
lftIIIII fA ple
V cal __ - tutu 01
1IIdamp rtan tie bullbull or CltNl_ 1ft
bullbullbullbullM MUM --_
It _ bullbullbullbullbull ta _ 1Ile ull 1111
_til the 1 11 1ft eteh
U tMIlftIII Illcuit 81th
IIltly U lhatl bull ___ IIJ he r
I bull
a hen tid u tNnr
1- - dun __ _
-
Cathllll or al 1tIheIt 11 II -r shy_111M lap _ne
Oft hi 1 _1M _
1M 18 - _t __ lI1ruu
IIlll-Mlr nNaU h Md _ bullbullbull round to be _
(eo ~ ta _ NUl) eh
bull -Ill - - - r --t thin 1- 1111 rtl1 r he _
to 0 wil Nt U uat11
_ Ie ~ th_ hln _ _ u-I tdth bull WhIt to ttl l _ iii
1Ml 1 Chunh 18tV111 hbullbullbull_ All he 1_ eleaed -s Iftla In V h cU eW
Oft bull - II1Iu1al r
bullUIIy or -- 1_ (1 3 I _ 20T I lI 1bullbull 16 17 II
I nrua) ntUhIIII u bIlinl ~ - CUMll
Chunh The IIhu (It 1 It 6bullbullt 10 U U II I)
to ttl I bullbull tal cell
Chi_ hi 1-middot plaeed -l8JIea w tbu
10
_ - tiN
11bullbull1 a _ _ _- n () -1 tie _ bull 11
______hi bullbullbullbullbull _hi all__ JaI bull
_ nt (au tNII C
__ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullat _ taIIlil
I eu nbullbull Ml ___
a - Ilut - _ tMN JM1 _ and
-1 til ~ - bull I shy
abullbull IIM UIIt til h
rbullbull bullbull IIbullbull
I ___ 1II1et WIIl _ it_ -l nI
IIu 11 III - tN 11
_ al W I ilia Nt SIal M
ltI -d 1D Ud at au _
-111 s UIuIl _ lie autleWl 1M MUM
bull bullbullbull 1_ - _
_ at AU 1ft 1 of -
U _ ~ _tal petntSamp1 _
_ W ~bullbulld plPi_ in
tN Nel fit ~ he caubullbull n bullbullbull11 the 1M th _
t21 L ~ fMM - w_ fit (1) bullbullau _
21
itbout chng to p~t good dicrilnatlon alone the liberalshy
conervativ continuua ror pl In the rea or clrical dieiplinbull
ny Catholic ar eoncrnd with the prbullbullbullnt harta9 or clr9Y In
Catholic prih Thi uaually ratbullbullbull the quatian at clarical
clibcy Three it (2 11 and 15) perltt the rbullbullpondant to
diacrilnate bull 11ttle In 111 attitude toward hi tutUI ching Ite
11 bullbullrly ak it the chang to rrid clrlY 1bullbullIreable to the
rbullbullpendant It 2 bullbullk ir bull r bullbullpondnt thinka thi chang would rbullbullu1t
in lood bullbullrvic to peepl It 15 ineerpotbullbull the bullbullt rrquant
oent in the rirt two pilot tudibullbull whioh iapUbullbull tht thi chang
to nld clrgy llight raul t in battr bullbullrvic baerried
clrgy would hv bttr inaight into rly lir It i rbl to
ua tht bull preon ight ccapt bull chang to bull nid olrlY van
though bdobullbull not rbullbullbullbullbull it bullbull rbullbullu1ting in _d or bttr bullbullrvic but
bullbullrly beubullbull h d It noy to the bullbullitanc or the Churoh bullbull
h k it Hbullbullilht 10 think _nid clrgy auld 11v bttbullbull
bullbullbullvic or llight nat H could 10 think bullbullrried clrgy would liv
ltettr bullbullrvio but prrr the clibat olrlY h hebull awn cautDaad to
Thue 11 thr it hlp dicrillit bullbull r~ntmiddotbullbullttitud taad
thi chantbullbull
Th caaaant or dir r antbullbull180 indicted _ canebullbulln
over the poalUon cr woan in the Chuch T_ itbullbull tap thibullbull1bullbull cr
change It 1 chck the pandentmiddot tUtude to_rd bull intbullbulll
paUcipaUon by _en in worhlp nd it 15 chck hibullbulltUtUde toward
bull rl clrgy
It 16 and 18 both chok the bullbullbullpendant attitude t 1d the
ua_ of uthorlty in the Churoh Itaa 9 10 and 12 are all concrned
22
wi In hip U_ in he ChINh 1- 4 If 14
en bull __ _th he 1IffId1dU_ r the _ 111
Ute w ubullbullr u Ctweh all ani u hM
_ tile da 11bull CetMllM
th- tit~ _tdtIen W bull -Ia _
_ 1ft CNIlJ Ua ha en a _ I he
CltNIUL
f1M1 n lfI 1M Thl lnal _all _ leld Me lay -1At 11_ to 6U Calhal1M
~ vial 1A _1 parllh in I -n aagon au
DOIIPlated U 111 the allot tJu __1tIg tohl
II1ddla or tttl 111bullbull and _ __ -kad for a
~rr or tl rtlilU1ta
A epllt-halr nllelAlUbullbullaJG1ant Gtd tor the de
obtaineG nil heM tiO ta and _ tllUftd to be A co~relaU_
an thl uwn and t hal the 1Dampl __MIt
_ampI ou_ t bl ill
II IETMIDI NIT 11
Th Catall adahop ~I 1 tact
_1_ ta thl ftMa to any ar $tsa palJt 0 hI ____
the Itudy The filioo_ t lMIIJcI _ 0 catam 0
-J bull t 32 auINRlta _ parun ar he pa-__ Ira _U
1- than 20 tU ut ttbullbull fa bull la1 peJah_ and the
lan1 deAlcted that bull tnUfia_Una lan would orbullbull
23
bettr bull 1 or the population Th parihs wer dlvided into thr
group (1 - 200 rtltbullbull 201 - 00 r-111bullbull and 401 - 600 raillbullbull )
Dna parih each rroa the two larger group and our aall pariaha wr
randoaly bullbulllactad a the pl or par1h to bbullbullurv~ad Thue tha
ubJect contitut a randaa stretirid ple or the church-going
population or the R Catholic D10c of BIIcr Sinc thre 1 only
one Catholic paih in the bullbull1 town and ciUbullbull or E_tern OnIOn all
church10ing Catholic or th1 ara ar OlOad to worhip together thus
abullbulluring the bullbuller1llntr t t the vadablbullbull or 1Ig and ducation will
b rairly rprntativ or the entir Catholic population or the ar
The experientr a Cathol1c pribullbullt orrioiated at the regular
Sunday erv1cbullbull or the padshbullbull included in the ple During the tibullbull
in tha service regularly devoted to a eran he aked the u~r to pa
out copis or the attitude acale and pencil to bar or the
congregation Arter thbullbullbull -d been distributed the Eucpedantar read
the introductory paragraph or the quUonnair to the congregation H
requeted thelr cooplation in coapltiO the it and orr8led to
anwer any quetion when the elvice over Tanty ainut war
allotad to the subject ror coaplation of ttle attitude cal The
bullbullrvice _ concluded in the usual annel and the ePerinter anred
any quetion that c up
A and EdypaUal Lbullbulll bull
for the purpo anal ying the data or the tudy the ubJectbull
bullbullre dividd into thrbullbull aoe IIOUP and rour ducation 11OUP thus
living a _trix 0 t_lv call The age IIOUPbullbullbullr (1) Jct
24
btn IS-30 yar 0 ao (2) eubJaot btn 31-50 yar (3)
ubJct 51 yn 0 or oldr Thi dlvllon baed uan bullbullvnI
conidration ThbullbullubJeot in the irt ege group have lived aot or
thair livbullbull in a changing Catholic Church It i bullbull~acted that they
will be Muoh more accpting 0 change then the other groupbullbullince changa
1 1bullbullbull unuual to th Tha ubJact In the bullbullcand group havs pant
01 or their live in bull Church that did little changing end hence are
expected to b 1bullbullbull accepting Dr chang The third group Ul hava
pnt Much ora t1bullbull than ither 0 tha other group in an unchanging
rligiou atbullbullpher It i bullbull~ected that thy wiU b the t
conervativ group
The division 0 ducation into our lvelbullbullbullbullbullbulld the 8Ot
p~tical ro tha tandpoint at the gneral population to bbullbullurvayd
Gradbullbullchool high chaol __ ooUaobullbull Md a caplatad tour yaar
oollg education bullbullra oanaidred tha aibullbullt diviion to k in our
population aina they ak undratandable diviiona 01 the rapandania
lind each lavl oanUtutbullbull an appreciabl aducational dierenca Ya
at chool caplstad thue conatitutesour oparational dtinitian or
education
III PREOICTIONS
In the lioht 0 tha previous diacu ion and tha r bullbullult at tha
pilot tucUbullbull the allowing pred1ctiona bullbullre _dbullbull
1 Scarbullbull an the prbullbullant hal a the acale will b highr than
acorbullbull on the utuw halt Thi prdiction t bullbullted ith a tet
ror correlated data
2 Younger Catholic bullbullUl tend to be 01 liberal or accepting
25
tit _ A rtAun MIl ttl caul
latlaa _ ~ toe teet 1 ypo
J eav11bullbullbull111 Ie -_ r _
to u will with 1_ renal A _rn1eUon _
t w hy~bullbull
DtAPTII 111
TIIIIIle 1 vee the __ bull bullhe tUIIa Mample
bull bullbull1 lPtti A tnIl
lQM hi aW- II lO1S
_ ubullbullIe n leta _ bull
TM _ _ the -1 21
to iIIplrl _ the ~ _ bullbull _- p1Me
NI ten h
TIIIJ1e 1 v t 14 iD tile bull AVi tnI UlnaIbullbulldbullbull
aIl TNwe a I
hiIhl ~ tie Thi moa - cauu u ~
__u VIan U Ie The
bull _ MI a lea _
u- tee __ tqb
TM _ 1A TIIIIla 1 II at t _ u Uta _ 1M U ten_
- -
27
TAamppound J
bullbullEI or II POt DUCATl IIOUP
IIAI bull ntl anl1l8r 8CampI
Old ~ (a bull raquoa)(ft bull 113) (bullbull m)
middot ~~--~~~ - r---~~~ 2-l i I
~ i ~ ~ I )~--middot~---iimiddotmiddot---~~~middot~_~_~middotn i
I j II UI I bull III I n 11- i bull 124 I bull 111bull bull 84 I
~ 1
_-------middot4---middotmiddotmiddot_middot+------1
~ bull-1 n
bull bull 111 bull bull 116bull 10
-bull bull 121
1
(n bull UI)
shy
1
(a bull 3-)
cu (bullbull 2U)
bull mmiddot CoU
(a bull 17)
In fig 1 the mean IIOOfeamp or eech educUonal grC1lp 18 plotld
c)gd not dye Lowr scures middotIe indio gtl1vn of conE1rvatislII 8nll h bull gher
soor~s of 11b8ld eta Of groilolr cceptfnc1 of ot) nge Hmiddot~ d t et(JW b
tlf900 tOWfO mo EG libel 1 tti tUt19sin youngt respondentG 19
mi((UfII-gIH t~iQr 9croo1 gredudtas were just eligrtly more LblSral t n
tc younger ligl school QridIJt~S The corrsltion btlDaan 8core8 on
tilm dtitude 8cle finc -g9 was 51 Ulhich is atntist~cll) signifLclnt
t ttlpound bull 11 lsvsl TrG corrailttion between accres on tre attitud~3 scel~
1)nd age wlth educaration prtialled aut was 36 TNa younglill pelOjlla sro
SEHn to bs signlficanU) more accepting 01 change ttln older people
In fig 1 tt-a tH8n COrliS or each gloup ale plott td Il9Ilnet
th~ four Qduc~1tionEll 18113 Thli trend toward l1Il rEt liberal attitiJdo6
wi t ncroiJsnr F1iJCation is slimn in thfll graph Tta eorriltloUon butween
scar on tI~ GCelA ana echoicbull tion 118$ bull ti wlch is 8ignifiCtlnt (tt the
Jl lEtllel n~ corrsl~t1on betwgon scor on ttt~ IICel ~nd f4duQtton
lIIitt ugo pltrtiall~d out lIIes 3amp Thue edUcation is e~n to bil
signifiesntly relatQd to aecfgtptftMC8 at cr~ngo more aduc tad rlJsjJondpnts
tanding to ecclpt ctangua molS r9i11dil) th~in lee oducated 0098
Ttfl date Indice ted t~ilt tlere was no CIOfInlEltion bt~ttl1m1n )gc QItd
sducation (I -db) t Impling no overlap 1n the variance aoountilc for
by the two voriablas 80 a multiple R was computed The ~ultiple R
between 8cores on the acale and E)ge and education was bullbulla About 16
of the variance on ttese 8cores is trus predictablo from age and
education
A 1 test using the formula for carrelatad observations I UlliS done
on t9 deta from the future nd present t1Bllles of tg sc-ale T-e
bullbull
29
-~---------=l GJ8d Schaal bull 6 High School 0- __0
S COlla amiddotmiddotmiddota i
4 yra Collage bull ibull
G_ Amiddot 7- 0
bull bull - - 0 JI bullbull bull N
a
laquo
Old 1l1ddla
AGE
riquE 1 Ian acorbullbull on the attitude Bcele or the foul lIducaUone1 lavl plotted againet eg The highsr ths cors on the aeale the are liberal 01 accepting or change are the reapondenta
lJ
Did Jj a dIIle 0 0 Yatal Il- --D
11
bull
1 2 3
poundDUCATIObullbullL~V[LS
1M a bull _ne the ttltwde elbullbullr th thne poupe plt1M11 lwl The hlp Uw _ on the ele the _n 111 01 --URe or h nepond_e
31
1 - oMbullbullbull 36~)l (p lt 111) 1ndl0U auort tor th hypol
that Cthollcbullbullre _rbullbullcoepting or chabullbull alrdy lMt1 tutad than
they 1 of future hypothlzd chang
U lOR IlOllDUAL nos
S ot the 1t_ in the ttltudbullbullcalbullbullr8 ot bullbulldl Intt
btlcauae thf rtl~ot tUtudU r bull IMt iltpartnett in th
Cetllo110 Churgt todey Itbullbull 6 11 13 end 16 hev be n anAlyzlld
IIDrtl ull y than thtt othr And 1 preted 1n th U1 our
fgur to how th ulte In tr d taU ttaaa 6 11 and 13
wre ~ the uture pert 0 the 8cal and it 16 1 the prt
pert 0 th ace1
lba t
f lIUr8 3 the pnta or Meh I Ihel 111 th 1t_
bull (Dlvo-rrr1d Ctho1icbullbullhou1d b p~tted to raciv the
bullbullonu illy C-uon van though thlr bullbullaond urlbullbullbull
1 inval1d according to na~al tndard) Ovral 61 ot the
r bullbullpond t bullbullbullreed that 01 involved ln invalld 111hould
bbullbull11_0 to rbullbulliv the aat rlgur 3 that ln ach
group at l t ~a~ ot the repond ahaI thl preibullbulliv attltudbullbull
In the youngr ana _1 educatd lrouP _lIIOt 7b~ or ttl raepondant bull
bull xpl dlt with pnnt polley Svnty-toUl IGent or th
rnat wlth a 0011 eduoat1an agreed to bull changbullbullbull d1d 68)11 0 th r8apondant undr thirty y or bullbullbullbull
32
Old Yaung
I~-- -gt- bullbullbull
56~ 5~
- 1
7t~ ~ ~
f
_IDIUJ fiayenr 3 Thl pen_tag 1n ROh II 1-inI _th It 6 J_ 6 Dlvolc- llbd Catha110bull bull haul It t Icl n aact ( otal1r -Uftlon) bull theulh nll bullbull cencI_1 1 bull lavU aoollldl to --
Gbullbull SohaDl
Call
33
DIIl1 rl 4 vee theu1t 0 the VllY itbull U (PII
ehould _t U ta _fty) OvU 57j or the ehUloh
Cthollbullbull 1ft 1 bullbulltud) Ind1oat that th dl with the Cethol1
ChulGhf poUe) 0 bullbull1J_ 0 h al St __ 0 th IIhUlGh _th bull 1tecI DOn aU_ 111 w1~
t pall SJn 1M 0 h young - dl
with t polla) ~ the yaur Cathctll0 wih bull DOll
eduoatlon ~ dlred wlh th 01011 polle
Hau (leuI 5 tivu Ue peentege 1ft -h tIlI wUh
It_ 13 (__ t VI all__ 0 I bullbullU) A t
mt dl wlth hi U 1 eu t be yl that h would
1n evo 0 heving _1 aly Jn the Cthta1la Chunn uno to 81_
wlth th Ita bullbull p 1 to vo the prt peltAl i al
th data thet the bullbullt _Jult 0 to accept prlbullbull at hI U OwaU 16 C d with the
lOhl~ltlon 0 1 al) Thl t-wo proan or hdeft with a eoU eductaU 1I1d with he plOhUalUan 0 _11ft pl bullbull
EducaUan bull- to IIbullbull Ill to In eooep 0 __ pllbullbull
heft
ll a (1 6 V hlta D th MI_ on 1- 11 (To a
catholl0 It 1 ft to ta1n an ye 0 U elel nh
cantHI dvlo end the W th aontnl pill) Th data h at
34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
- Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and practices correlated with age and education
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bull albullbullbullbulll t lIeU Irw UtIbull
bullbullbulltlll __ U 111 th
bull WIll_ tU-
1tda w UIIII ln cal __ ttl _
lalU_ at u _ t I I All (1m) Ja _ u -u ~ or t taed
11uaebull dllUI dbull tftflvtrMe
he iMl_JAIlUaltbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull til u e1Uu_ 11th WdOh
It 11 18 bull Knoh tNnald (INa) lft Utat
bull _ 11MaUM r _UU_l --1 1 1M tilt
t lIIIU~ ~1tt lau MIl lteut (lftl) 1111
UuIita iMSVSlbullbullbullbull _ 0 bullbull1
WU_ UQ _ 0- tueu_u_
tWe JIIIIn en stu to Id a
bull _ -ta _ ial ~ bullbullbullbullbullbull tifta bullbulla_
_to 1 ua1e dla1IIIU1ahad an attltuda tJb111h la bull hbull uul _to to
_ bullbull _ a w __ a el III n t _ ~
U 1e lie _ n -i__u at V
1amplJIII (K-a JIIWa ampaU 1n3)
he ~ 111 _
-1 __ atut at
I
11 bullbullbull I fet nbullbull_
II
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elf tda llUtat fila Ie IIIIlI
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JllllaUt lit fit
til u s lie JupUr _ IIOUDM (C aM 1) bull
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ilr aM _
-u A _ bullbullbullbull1_ It __ bullbullbull1amp811 wetul ampIt
VltaU MIl lte at
bullbull1_ 1bullbull11
bull IIllAl a (I 111 1110)
1 Ie aW tile
1 ia at I 1_ f1da u 1 nl bullbull
_- til __
0IIIIIlIInalIbullbull MIl s 1ha __ _ _ tie
u _ nbullbull Ia -1_ ubullbull A 11 or nu 9IPbullbullbullbullbull (1amp
CIIIII_ IIIUbullbull lMt) Ia _ __
_deaau __-1M tile
U The ---11bullbull (Iaa tetlllnd lilt) tMt
at tievttlIIp - 1tha1
gaala 1bullbullbullUtudu 1~ 1ft the rarnie 4M1wWual __bull Ttda II ~ u of
__ _ tUw eM _ U of
at Uudee 1 11) tha eft ri 1e
___ iftdlvll ___a at tNt
TIMt _ttude en Uta iMlitIual
1 U ellbull tie the bull of etU 18
1 Ut lMtpl a ana ( 1
15) The _1ft th_ -1 bullbull
aA _ bull -__1tue- u 1
bullbullUw reI thw l
n an 1 ~ Ia lead1lll
U_ A _1 0 a-U- Me
aM _ftllld _t ubullbull 0 la pmubullbull -IY Inall the ea_ I
pp t01 I itt ~
__ by _ ttovlMd hi _n_ ( bull 1M - albullbull
lt53r CaU 1915) at the -JR liN of ttt1
vi Jt 1bullbullt1ault ti oonolta_ the le
-bull bull t 1bullbulltlan t __iII_ VI pnMl_bullbull and
explaMt1_ ft 11 olotJ 0 lD1l1ft1111
1111 bullbull 1 heIa1 r__18a UtI Ift 0 lat
to 1eIII1d
the WId or -111bullbullbullu __ 1 ptIItl_
111 the tude rbullbull 1fIIIk bull III a_ aeo1a1 _au hlJtl-~= 111
_ 1 bull the flbullbullr nJJt1-
_ MU 1au ~ ( 1)
-- aitua __
bullbullbull -r alettbullbull II -lJt1- va bullbullbullbullbull __ Dr u u uuaa1l ~d-eltllale _ 1a 11 -e 1 bullbull11 the ala or u u _lta bullbull_J IIM _la pa___ or __ foaaula bull-__ v ___ bull lIMn tIItlr at _1ftIau aUl I the ar a or u bullbullUll _ft 1l1libull -uu at _ _-1 -1 bull hytHlttt or -l _upI (P 1M)bull
ttl-- _ to
~ Ute _ or ttta tete _ bullbull to J_ hie 1J1IeIt _
_al fJI 1Ih1lta 1An__ tAl
IU v 1aM_ IIUIIIh _ 1111- _all _
1 ~ 1 - bull Ja r _douD 1i1i1_ Iheu1II
bullbullbull__ v_ ta 1 nlJtiauebull t
lWllaa __ un_u U eualr bullbullbull lie
an W ft uuu 1 _Jaw 1
6
It IICIM _ ani
ltw _lal u 111 bull _hibull
1Una n -1 in --
an 11 _Uett __ __tIht_ help in
bull 1 bullbullbull- ll _til la
II) 1 _ wl tit - n toIMJ -lC _
w lad _ u_ 1 alwaUaa
HI __1 _ II aU Ut1e _lt1l -uti- tIM __ Ult
~ (1dI_ al HIO)
A f _ ttlw
bull bullbull11 __ _ bullbull1
_ __ Itl I ttthl bullbull laW
) Ie bullbull -Jitle-
__1 te_ bull til -11tshy
sa re aU 1M n IIAe
u _ IRI y1_ 1 dt
_ u uaa la 1Id
- fit _
_ til at all u 8 _ 1 om - altieal or N _ bullbullbullbull
1a te t u dI ult1thlR
1
Chdau ehunh _1 Ja u III a
1 bullbullbullbull-iftI tU 1M _t-iaUu 1IIel11111-- U_ aN lautt
trr the 11111 1 - n Aibullbull1 I _ aM
___ Ie tit _ ua ~ u pea
_11fbullbullbull bull __ 111 al 111 at bull
auv It 1e aU- _111
~ _ aw (1M2) bullbullad
-1 ~pat 11-_ _ 1ft ill tuIIy
__Ill
1MIebullbull_ wi _ -181 __ ~
Ie - 1IlUtl shy
Ute 1bull a __ I bullbullbull __ at au_ TIlle Itt_ ul us -
ua _ 11111 ur a lipid -_ 1 _ at I ~ 1
1 _ _~ __0 I aM 11bullbull 1ft
_ly Qdha110 a UICt1y 1a Utleal
bull -uu vUt1aJ I 170 _ Ute
or -l U bullbulllee Ud
LE bullbull1_ _ U rabull
bull U-1 1II8llUea1 er ct _
UU_ the _ t _ -urbull the _ -111 tit 1aU_ C1 U _
_ t~ ia bull hiuU
bull
bull Dull (1169) bullbullbull_ - _
_ _ the -l canebullbull - 1IIdel ~ JaIl
Slshy Uv _ cut_
I Ia bullbullbull VI2I1 _W N ___ bullbullPAI II 1IItJ_1 11_ IUln Iot _ the 1 tINt IIbull rat bullt _u-l 4SU bull _ bull bullbullbullbullbullft41 fII ~ bullbullbull1 bull _ill bullbullrlbullbullbull _tAlA hili III 1amp vbulla C _ra _ cu II h tide al ello bullbull bull bullbullbull jteUMI 1etIlM r I - _ul1 ad cttU 1 _ _ lJaI lUAlMll C_ (p 1ft)bull
__ _ fit ff1Au1 Alll
u t _ _ _ _al_
lIa It cttUa _ ~
efl bull cl ttlbull bull u _ fII _ __ It in the Ill CI IDlnR cau _ II __ _ __ ea __ -- 1lIeU WtHU P _ 1 of llllUat Ute III _ tile - _ u u bullbullbullbull1__ u tIIua la of u _ _Ie itt aubull u bull bullbullUb tltSe bullbull w M I11 _ _ el__U rashyt cbullbull)
- t 01 cau or wth ell tIltII tit -tal
u I ___ ampeIl- bullbullbullbullbull bull ft _ _ Ute bullbullbullIal ttI
(ItO) _It_ tit _ r bull u-
_ cata1kl_ r ial MI l _ __
the rena or ur 1tl-1 _
T UftCu_ lflaftUFlU etMlf can atullito -1) tIMlla ttt _Dla _ by ttta 11bull 1M cUrt t 1a DaU ft _atoleMl au_ II bU _tbu athbull a at middotU _ Ubullbullbull 111-1 til I bull-1tva ta hn 1_- t bull aun do __tuft fII Cetttel181aabull _ tlly 0middot the ctftaU Ctt la 1M 1ft bullbull ftde ot ita U1_ fillbull ua n Cabullbulllie Qwnb _ _Ub peUUal JIIln _ Will ___ CeHmiddot _ teI laUMII aybull pl 1 U ashy Ja ur ianbullbullbullIf rau w the ne lob -Uti- I bull oul ala _ uu lewd_ Ie raew De tha btalp Uu Cathell Jtlursu_ t _ __
__ Catllelt8 cma UIceU
ttw_ rabullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull 1Me 1 _
Ie tlOftll Jaftmiddot the at-Ullft ( 101) bull
1lU ca1 a the 11 U IIIIlAIW
ala1ll alUlauF _ _I-a ) 1Ml1Md lWI
III MD dUCATI lit IICIIL AlIt) 1EUtIIbullbull A1fmtlll
a t __ 1 - --Uta- bullbull nlaUaattip t at
_ law_uaa _th nU 1a
ta ~ wiUl It I -JHUve aeoid lie
raquo -It _ MtatRl W _ at __
~ or 11111- leU 1
lIeUs- -- nUt1- - shy
1dta1 bullbull Ue MIl _tal 11
tftalel1ll - F title ___ 111 laWaet w ~_ tile ulllltlbull U_ till _
eU ~t u _ bullbullbullbullt __ _lal
-- -~
_a u _ 1Iut lute aU_ a _ U_
la _ bullbullbullbull181 _deIaIa fa Ute ~ __
Ie aU fit - Uta AU 111 til
u u _ bullm aM _
ampII II UtI
y Ie lNIl-a
wiU _ It 1 _uti 1111)
Cl1 (UII) t __ ta ll I li11
thH 11111 lie middotmiddot1Atl__d to bullbullbullbull tl1a poUUl
11 01_ he II III tIda Ie
bull u bullbullbullbull II c (INI)
tIIebull -J ~
11
tlaat sa iM W II
-a ampttl- JIl eWebull
- 1_ 1 Ja U 11 aItI
pbullbullle de 1 s err _ 1_ ~bullbull 1913)
11debullbull __ bullbullbullbull t bull u at 11 ca lSI)bull
1 (1111) bullbullbullbullbullbull 11_ t -
bullbullbullbulld _ JJItInl Ja nI bull U _ fI 7bulla
t -1 1a W
1lt III8UtI a thbull bullbullbullbullbull_ l Utbullbull la tile
_ ell_ a bull
-1 u aU_ 1 ltIUeillue WIr u- Ja catM1te
CItunIl
Sa d_ eampwlUaau __ lit u 1 lie 81-1 a1 -leu or VI_ bull ill Ul It all
u un _ --_ at peUUea1 aal shy
_ It __bull tun eM W tilbullbullbullbullbull1111
(It11) -- 1At 1
tha _ dl_ h ru~
tel - I bullbullW fit __
u wa pauJa _ It hie _ til
ISbullbull M- IeIIa_ lila
u III _ titbullbull I __ lIIdllen __Us 1M
Uu uftly
n Ie __ t bull ve _taU_
~ Uu Jft _ UIl-- tll_ staa-k
(12) ntlltl-- tU wan tvu at u ft bull _ b (1_) MIl
n ttl II Clatholad u _ bullbull t-- II -u-1 lawIl u_ Uvel
I 1a t tha 0 nllp_ nU
u1 dlffteu1U te A 11 ft th (0_ 1) bullbullu 111 Ie __
briefl til ~ lda flit ___bull leUtlshy
1 na _11bull lite -lUUet r NI1t1_ bull
to dudI dt18u1t ~
(1161) u _DUlti Ita atudl_ w tile bull -l1 _u lIIdr
- tudy ill _tit nil tIel1i the eue__
tlltIII he t IP hi theeI) atItJ1_ liIIDe
tn 1e bull _ CIIthell pleat 11a
_ cathoU___ 11 a teHt ta _ bull
tatuUbullbullshy tl the dbullbulld bull 11_
-tdaI It 1n the __ poundIIhU Ounh hila
13
Th v~iabl 0 age nd duction w~ chobullbulln bullbull th 0 pa~ticulu int~bullbullt Th popultion ra whioh the bullbullpl in the
p~bullbulllIftt tudy i dnwn oonit 0 -11 parthbullbull d bullbulloh paih
contin popl 0 11 age and ductional lvlbullbullinc the~ i only
on p~ih in ach loction Thue th~ i no pobullbullibi1ity 0 peop1
g on duotional 1vl o~ ag lvl wo~hipp1ng and int~acting bullbull
bull bullbullprat ~l1g1au group The popultiDn thu to bbullbull auitabl
on in which to t bullbullt the hypathbullbulli that ligioubullbullttitudbullbull v~y w1th
age nd duction
sbullbullbulltudibullbullbull~ piW only t givn ta Stau~middot (1955)
tudy 0 cCa~thyi_ and r ting~ Rick and Sohchw (156)
tudy 0 ~ligiou c~ii could only b dona t tibullbullbull when the ph_
to b invbullbullt1gtd o~ed t~bullbulllvaa to the ob~v Today tu~o11
ov~ changbullbull in the II Ctho1ic C~ch to o~ thi typo
oppo~tun1ty to the pnt ~bullbullbullbull~ch~ Chang i the tt~ 0 g~t bullbullt
concm in the Catholic Chu~ch t pnt Ctwt will b optionally
dfined ro~ the pu~_ 0 thi invbullbulltigtion bullbull any a1t~1ng or beli
o~ practic aong catholic that ha takn p1c 1n the pbullbullt t ty
ybullbull~ o~ i bullbullted o~ the o~bullbullabl utu~bullbull
Sinc the ch taking plac CDv~ Mfty pha bullbullbull 0 Ctho1ic li
it bullbull conaided pobullbulliIl1 to contNct bullbullcal 0 it ~latd to
thbullbullbull changbullbull and uabullbull p~aanbullbullco~ on thibullbullca1 indicto~
0 hibullbullttitudbullbull t ~ thbullbullbull chang ro~ the pu~pobullbullbull 0 thibullbulltudy
bull 1ib1 w optiona11y dined on who avo~bullbull chang and bull
contrvat1vbullbullbull on who oppobullbullbull chang The 1ib~-conbullbullrvativ
continuUII i otn on wed in rligioubullbullttitud r~ch (Ii 1965)
and i bull ci11y lIPP~opdtbullbullinc HUg10n i l1y conid~d
10
a conaarativa oc1al forc aut thi 1 not ly true and religiau
backing 1 otten g1 to libeNl and rad1cal c_d 01 udl chWlO
It bullbullbull conaldarad of pnctieal nd theoretical intet to dtlII1 if
hatarogenalty 0 ttltuda toward elliou obJact exlted in ordinay
0DnOrtion corying IIlth ag and aducation If 0 thi would
relat ralilau attitud to thobullbull ound In other ar Of nuan 11a
n i thue the nl pua 0 hibullbulltucly to clIPitaU tha
preat crl1bullbull c~a -thln tha ~n Clic Church and data~e
i l1011U attituda do ind vary in ralation to a MCI acIuoaUon
It cana1drecl d bullbulllr~a to hold tha dr 0 raliiaue
ailiation and Uta Ie actor abullbullttlltl _ pbullbulllItl to teat I htl that th i ariatl wi thl -snaU_l popu1aU
Thi 1 accaplihad ~y bullbull1otlng a population or retUlarly churchmiddot
ttandlng Catholic Peopl 0- labal t~lea a Catholic --Ply
baaauaa c1a pau or ~cauaa 0 tradltiGMl aaeealaUo
thll aa11y with the Cathollc Church IUGh aUlatiM eM haldly ~
acceptllCl aa a I_t or tlUlt Church rattl 1 aac-Rc or
Cathollc bal1e and pneUo To 1M IU chaol a ehch l
population cannot takn pr 0 the Ject t or
MIL llut it at l_t ur that lUI 1 are 1ft touch
wi th the c occurring 1ft the Cahl1c Church and hat Utaa e
have _ io OIl ir liv d hence ar 1 u tIt_ at l bullbullt
In aft aanae 0 the te
statiUoaUy lJlllti the populatlon tie chWoh-attandera do
rave or tII vari_l11y that would ~ lUnd it he papulation
1 del a oiU 0 anyone who Oh the lallNtl 0 Catholic lut thibullbullWely 1 not ifttareatad ln rl1iy t attitud_
11
that lie u 11middot lIIIIk 1M
th4I It _ 1t1a M
IIau _11 VII1yent11 al n
__ UM fill bullbullbullbullbull
the of bullbullbull __ a_ _ _VtI u 1a _ _
_ catMUe JU1l1 till _ t_
aW
I MLlIICf
uu ta tuIIy abe r_ fit
at _II bull lell Ill It e
_u leila (1_)bull
bull Ii bullbullbullbull -- e __ IIUl 1bullbulltI iAtt bullbullbull __ (II Ia) ruu I Ill bullbullbull JMiwitlual _1 IdbullbullIt _ (p_
bull tud1 ell _ fill
1 bullbull11 _ IIIIB leU (I)
bull tuIIy 1 thU Cdtu_
thtIl ~ 1UaUea _ 1 __ de u_ bull cw (1 lis n_tat_ bull _ ~I
11 bullbull_tIbull N lieU __ t ad_ ia
U _ of the - cathu 1
-al t -u vI -1c1aI
t I bullbull 111 Itt cau poundMacIft lleDt tItle
~ d t h1e a1_
16
-- 1 __ lIeUa tha bullbullbullbullbull will lie
ale __ _ ____
Iel and 1~eto (1965) elM PDIt that Ute gnup lp
or the ilMnt Mould be ken lA_ 1ft _~tude ah
They ehawed tha JMta ~ to lawft ~ bullbullPI bull
(bullbulltal deairab111ty) and L (Ua) _1_ heR ttlbullbullI1-nt_ a
cauouc 1t traquo MAtIld ~lt bullbull IMotOh then he
la Accen1ng It thia tudy - adaln1aU 0 h tna~t
by a 11_t -ould both helIt iM thbullbullaUaldl1ty h
8IIIt CllDUiINt______in U u_ IIh1I1
CMAmlll
I Il1MODI - HIT 1
ml f It shyThe ~ 11 aU lie ounlRM 1
~ bullbull ___ ~ 1 -la 1ft the pu 111 nMlv _ Me
tutu bullu _ an1 will he
at h _ Al1_ Ml (1161) __ tn
u lilt nUU __ 1_ bull
a1 _ uu u - _v - - The pUM n bullbullbull _ PllMI11
s- 1 __ 1eWM _we ca
wI Uu_ _
at bullbullbullbullbullbull
lle bullbullbullntt bullbull W leW bull _ _ _
1___Uwa1 bullbullbullbullbullbull 1 he 1eahtaJ Uta __~
-Uuel bullbull_1 1 All 1 bull
111bullbull1 an MIa In ie
- Catlu cane 1ft U
1ft to W
_ t at u_ _ at u
11
mal tN _a AU tile
1 1ft thla e bull u bullt - tba or the
u __ fit 1Mt At Ut U the lUI t JuI n - hit dl__ ( lN1) 1111_
tnIlllllllJe _ alAe _tIl tWI 1ft dIdIIt
Ill 1 hi
W m they fit _t ~
u-au_ TN_ _ 101
I 1INUMd ampb _Ill II pel _U
_111 ~_ -1 _ In
he u- __ 1 ampII
- A 11_ the - _ 1 11 III _ h
- aa he
1 bPl _ u
lftIIIII fA ple
V cal __ - tutu 01
1IIdamp rtan tie bullbull or CltNl_ 1ft
bullbullbullbullM MUM --_
It _ bullbullbullbullbull ta _ 1Ile ull 1111
_til the 1 11 1ft eteh
U tMIlftIII Illcuit 81th
IIltly U lhatl bull ___ IIJ he r
I bull
a hen tid u tNnr
1- - dun __ _
-
Cathllll or al 1tIheIt 11 II -r shy_111M lap _ne
Oft hi 1 _1M _
1M 18 - _t __ lI1ruu
IIlll-Mlr nNaU h Md _ bullbullbull round to be _
(eo ~ ta _ NUl) eh
bull -Ill - - - r --t thin 1- 1111 rtl1 r he _
to 0 wil Nt U uat11
_ Ie ~ th_ hln _ _ u-I tdth bull WhIt to ttl l _ iii
1Ml 1 Chunh 18tV111 hbullbullbull_ All he 1_ eleaed -s Iftla In V h cU eW
Oft bull - II1Iu1al r
bullUIIy or -- 1_ (1 3 I _ 20T I lI 1bullbull 16 17 II
I nrua) ntUhIIII u bIlinl ~ - CUMll
Chunh The IIhu (It 1 It 6bullbullt 10 U U II I)
to ttl I bullbull tal cell
Chi_ hi 1-middot plaeed -l8JIea w tbu
10
_ - tiN
11bullbull1 a _ _ _- n () -1 tie _ bull 11
______hi bullbullbullbullbull _hi all__ JaI bull
_ nt (au tNII C
__ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullat _ taIIlil
I eu nbullbull Ml ___
a - Ilut - _ tMN JM1 _ and
-1 til ~ - bull I shy
abullbull IIM UIIt til h
rbullbull bullbull IIbullbull
I ___ 1II1et WIIl _ it_ -l nI
IIu 11 III - tN 11
_ al W I ilia Nt SIal M
ltI -d 1D Ud at au _
-111 s UIuIl _ lie autleWl 1M MUM
bull bullbullbull 1_ - _
_ at AU 1ft 1 of -
U _ ~ _tal petntSamp1 _
_ W ~bullbulld plPi_ in
tN Nel fit ~ he caubullbull n bullbullbull11 the 1M th _
t21 L ~ fMM - w_ fit (1) bullbullau _
21
itbout chng to p~t good dicrilnatlon alone the liberalshy
conervativ continuua ror pl In the rea or clrical dieiplinbull
ny Catholic ar eoncrnd with the prbullbullbullnt harta9 or clr9Y In
Catholic prih Thi uaually ratbullbullbull the quatian at clarical
clibcy Three it (2 11 and 15) perltt the rbullbullpondant to
diacrilnate bull 11ttle In 111 attitude toward hi tutUI ching Ite
11 bullbullrly ak it the chang to rrid clrlY 1bullbullIreable to the
rbullbullpendant It 2 bullbullk ir bull r bullbullpondnt thinka thi chang would rbullbullu1t
in lood bullbullrvic to peepl It 15 ineerpotbullbull the bullbullt rrquant
oent in the rirt two pilot tudibullbull whioh iapUbullbull tht thi chang
to nld clrgy llight raul t in battr bullbullrvic baerried
clrgy would hv bttr inaight into rly lir It i rbl to
ua tht bull preon ight ccapt bull chang to bull nid olrlY van
though bdobullbull not rbullbullbullbullbull it bullbull rbullbullu1ting in _d or bttr bullbullrvic but
bullbullrly beubullbull h d It noy to the bullbullitanc or the Churoh bullbull
h k it Hbullbullilht 10 think _nid clrgy auld 11v bttbullbull
bullbullbullvic or llight nat H could 10 think bullbullrried clrgy would liv
ltettr bullbullrvio but prrr the clibat olrlY h hebull awn cautDaad to
Thue 11 thr it hlp dicrillit bullbull r~ntmiddotbullbullttitud taad
thi chantbullbull
Th caaaant or dir r antbullbull180 indicted _ canebullbulln
over the poalUon cr woan in the Chuch T_ itbullbull tap thibullbull1bullbull cr
change It 1 chck the pandentmiddot tUtude to_rd bull intbullbulll
paUcipaUon by _en in worhlp nd it 15 chck hibullbulltUtUde toward
bull rl clrgy
It 16 and 18 both chok the bullbullbullpendant attitude t 1d the
ua_ of uthorlty in the Churoh Itaa 9 10 and 12 are all concrned
22
wi In hip U_ in he ChINh 1- 4 If 14
en bull __ _th he 1IffId1dU_ r the _ 111
Ute w ubullbullr u Ctweh all ani u hM
_ tile da 11bull CetMllM
th- tit~ _tdtIen W bull -Ia _
_ 1ft CNIlJ Ua ha en a _ I he
CltNIUL
f1M1 n lfI 1M Thl lnal _all _ leld Me lay -1At 11_ to 6U Calhal1M
~ vial 1A _1 parllh in I -n aagon au
DOIIPlated U 111 the allot tJu __1tIg tohl
II1ddla or tttl 111bullbull and _ __ -kad for a
~rr or tl rtlilU1ta
A epllt-halr nllelAlUbullbullaJG1ant Gtd tor the de
obtaineG nil heM tiO ta and _ tllUftd to be A co~relaU_
an thl uwn and t hal the 1Dampl __MIt
_ampI ou_ t bl ill
II IETMIDI NIT 11
Th Catall adahop ~I 1 tact
_1_ ta thl ftMa to any ar $tsa palJt 0 hI ____
the Itudy The filioo_ t lMIIJcI _ 0 catam 0
-J bull t 32 auINRlta _ parun ar he pa-__ Ira _U
1- than 20 tU ut ttbullbull fa bull la1 peJah_ and the
lan1 deAlcted that bull tnUfia_Una lan would orbullbull
23
bettr bull 1 or the population Th parihs wer dlvided into thr
group (1 - 200 rtltbullbull 201 - 00 r-111bullbull and 401 - 600 raillbullbull )
Dna parih each rroa the two larger group and our aall pariaha wr
randoaly bullbulllactad a the pl or par1h to bbullbullurv~ad Thue tha
ubJect contitut a randaa stretirid ple or the church-going
population or the R Catholic D10c of BIIcr Sinc thre 1 only
one Catholic paih in the bullbull1 town and ciUbullbull or E_tern OnIOn all
church10ing Catholic or th1 ara ar OlOad to worhip together thus
abullbulluring the bullbuller1llntr t t the vadablbullbull or 1Ig and ducation will
b rairly rprntativ or the entir Catholic population or the ar
The experientr a Cathol1c pribullbullt orrioiated at the regular
Sunday erv1cbullbull or the padshbullbull included in the ple During the tibullbull
in tha service regularly devoted to a eran he aked the u~r to pa
out copis or the attitude acale and pencil to bar or the
congregation Arter thbullbullbull -d been distributed the Eucpedantar read
the introductory paragraph or the quUonnair to the congregation H
requeted thelr cooplation in coapltiO the it and orr8led to
anwer any quetion when the elvice over Tanty ainut war
allotad to the subject ror coaplation of ttle attitude cal The
bullbullrvice _ concluded in the usual annel and the ePerinter anred
any quetion that c up
A and EdypaUal Lbullbulll bull
for the purpo anal ying the data or the tudy the ubJectbull
bullbullre dividd into thrbullbull aoe IIOUP and rour ducation 11OUP thus
living a _trix 0 t_lv call The age IIOUPbullbullbullr (1) Jct
24
btn IS-30 yar 0 ao (2) eubJaot btn 31-50 yar (3)
ubJct 51 yn 0 or oldr Thi dlvllon baed uan bullbullvnI
conidration ThbullbullubJeot in the irt ege group have lived aot or
thair livbullbull in a changing Catholic Church It i bullbull~acted that they
will be Muoh more accpting 0 change then the other groupbullbullince changa
1 1bullbullbull unuual to th Tha ubJact In the bullbullcand group havs pant
01 or their live in bull Church that did little changing end hence are
expected to b 1bullbullbull accepting Dr chang The third group Ul hava
pnt Much ora t1bullbull than ither 0 tha other group in an unchanging
rligiou atbullbullpher It i bullbull~ected that thy wiU b the t
conervativ group
The division 0 ducation into our lvelbullbullbullbullbullbulld the 8Ot
p~tical ro tha tandpoint at the gneral population to bbullbullurvayd
Gradbullbullchool high chaol __ ooUaobullbull Md a caplatad tour yaar
oollg education bullbullra oanaidred tha aibullbullt diviion to k in our
population aina they ak undratandable diviiona 01 the rapandania
lind each lavl oanUtutbullbull an appreciabl aducational dierenca Ya
at chool caplstad thue conatitutesour oparational dtinitian or
education
III PREOICTIONS
In the lioht 0 tha previous diacu ion and tha r bullbullult at tha
pilot tucUbullbull the allowing pred1ctiona bullbullre _dbullbull
1 Scarbullbull an the prbullbullant hal a the acale will b highr than
acorbullbull on the utuw halt Thi prdiction t bullbullted ith a tet
ror correlated data
2 Younger Catholic bullbullUl tend to be 01 liberal or accepting
25
tit _ A rtAun MIl ttl caul
latlaa _ ~ toe teet 1 ypo
J eav11bullbullbull111 Ie -_ r _
to u will with 1_ renal A _rn1eUon _
t w hy~bullbull
DtAPTII 111
TIIIIIle 1 vee the __ bull bullhe tUIIa Mample
bull bullbull1 lPtti A tnIl
lQM hi aW- II lO1S
_ ubullbullIe n leta _ bull
TM _ _ the -1 21
to iIIplrl _ the ~ _ bullbull _- p1Me
NI ten h
TIIIJ1e 1 v t 14 iD tile bull AVi tnI UlnaIbullbulldbullbull
aIl TNwe a I
hiIhl ~ tie Thi moa - cauu u ~
__u VIan U Ie The
bull _ MI a lea _
u- tee __ tqb
TM _ 1A TIIIIla 1 II at t _ u Uta _ 1M U ten_
- -
27
TAamppound J
bullbullEI or II POt DUCATl IIOUP
IIAI bull ntl anl1l8r 8CampI
Old ~ (a bull raquoa)(ft bull 113) (bullbull m)
middot ~~--~~~ - r---~~~ 2-l i I
~ i ~ ~ I )~--middot~---iimiddotmiddot---~~~middot~_~_~middotn i
I j II UI I bull III I n 11- i bull 124 I bull 111bull bull 84 I
~ 1
_-------middot4---middotmiddotmiddot_middot+------1
~ bull-1 n
bull bull 111 bull bull 116bull 10
-bull bull 121
1
(n bull UI)
shy
1
(a bull 3-)
cu (bullbull 2U)
bull mmiddot CoU
(a bull 17)
In fig 1 the mean IIOOfeamp or eech educUonal grC1lp 18 plotld
c)gd not dye Lowr scures middotIe indio gtl1vn of conE1rvatislII 8nll h bull gher
soor~s of 11b8ld eta Of groilolr cceptfnc1 of ot) nge Hmiddot~ d t et(JW b
tlf900 tOWfO mo EG libel 1 tti tUt19sin youngt respondentG 19
mi((UfII-gIH t~iQr 9croo1 gredudtas were just eligrtly more LblSral t n
tc younger ligl school QridIJt~S The corrsltion btlDaan 8core8 on
tilm dtitude 8cle finc -g9 was 51 Ulhich is atntist~cll) signifLclnt
t ttlpound bull 11 lsvsl TrG corrailttion between accres on tre attitud~3 scel~
1)nd age wlth educaration prtialled aut was 36 TNa younglill pelOjlla sro
SEHn to bs signlficanU) more accepting 01 change ttln older people
In fig 1 tt-a tH8n COrliS or each gloup ale plott td Il9Ilnet
th~ four Qduc~1tionEll 18113 Thli trend toward l1Il rEt liberal attitiJdo6
wi t ncroiJsnr F1iJCation is slimn in thfll graph Tta eorriltloUon butween
scar on tI~ GCelA ana echoicbull tion 118$ bull ti wlch is 8ignifiCtlnt (tt the
Jl lEtllel n~ corrsl~t1on betwgon scor on ttt~ IICel ~nd f4duQtton
lIIitt ugo pltrtiall~d out lIIes 3amp Thue edUcation is e~n to bil
signifiesntly relatQd to aecfgtptftMC8 at cr~ngo more aduc tad rlJsjJondpnts
tanding to ecclpt ctangua molS r9i11dil) th~in lee oducated 0098
Ttfl date Indice ted t~ilt tlere was no CIOfInlEltion bt~ttl1m1n )gc QItd
sducation (I -db) t Impling no overlap 1n the variance aoountilc for
by the two voriablas 80 a multiple R was computed The ~ultiple R
between 8cores on the acale and E)ge and education was bullbulla About 16
of the variance on ttese 8cores is trus predictablo from age and
education
A 1 test using the formula for carrelatad observations I UlliS done
on t9 deta from the future nd present t1Bllles of tg sc-ale T-e
bullbull
29
-~---------=l GJ8d Schaal bull 6 High School 0- __0
S COlla amiddotmiddotmiddota i
4 yra Collage bull ibull
G_ Amiddot 7- 0
bull bull - - 0 JI bullbull bull N
a
laquo
Old 1l1ddla
AGE
riquE 1 Ian acorbullbull on the attitude Bcele or the foul lIducaUone1 lavl plotted againet eg The highsr ths cors on the aeale the are liberal 01 accepting or change are the reapondenta
lJ
Did Jj a dIIle 0 0 Yatal Il- --D
11
bull
1 2 3
poundDUCATIObullbullL~V[LS
1M a bull _ne the ttltwde elbullbullr th thne poupe plt1M11 lwl The hlp Uw _ on the ele the _n 111 01 --URe or h nepond_e
31
1 - oMbullbullbull 36~)l (p lt 111) 1ndl0U auort tor th hypol
that Cthollcbullbullre _rbullbullcoepting or chabullbull alrdy lMt1 tutad than
they 1 of future hypothlzd chang
U lOR IlOllDUAL nos
S ot the 1t_ in the ttltudbullbullcalbullbullr8 ot bullbulldl Intt
btlcauae thf rtl~ot tUtudU r bull IMt iltpartnett in th
Cetllo110 Churgt todey Itbullbull 6 11 13 end 16 hev be n anAlyzlld
IIDrtl ull y than thtt othr And 1 preted 1n th U1 our
fgur to how th ulte In tr d taU ttaaa 6 11 and 13
wre ~ the uture pert 0 the 8cal and it 16 1 the prt
pert 0 th ace1
lba t
f lIUr8 3 the pnta or Meh I Ihel 111 th 1t_
bull (Dlvo-rrr1d Ctho1icbullbullhou1d b p~tted to raciv the
bullbullonu illy C-uon van though thlr bullbullaond urlbullbullbull
1 inval1d according to na~al tndard) Ovral 61 ot the
r bullbullpond t bullbullbullreed that 01 involved ln invalld 111hould
bbullbull11_0 to rbullbulliv the aat rlgur 3 that ln ach
group at l t ~a~ ot the repond ahaI thl preibullbulliv attltudbullbull
In the youngr ana _1 educatd lrouP _lIIOt 7b~ or ttl raepondant bull
bull xpl dlt with pnnt polley Svnty-toUl IGent or th
rnat wlth a 0011 eduoat1an agreed to bull changbullbullbull d1d 68)11 0 th r8apondant undr thirty y or bullbullbullbull
32
Old Yaung
I~-- -gt- bullbullbull
56~ 5~
- 1
7t~ ~ ~
f
_IDIUJ fiayenr 3 Thl pen_tag 1n ROh II 1-inI _th It 6 J_ 6 Dlvolc- llbd Catha110bull bull haul It t Icl n aact ( otal1r -Uftlon) bull theulh nll bullbull cencI_1 1 bull lavU aoollldl to --
Gbullbull SohaDl
Call
33
DIIl1 rl 4 vee theu1t 0 the VllY itbull U (PII
ehould _t U ta _fty) OvU 57j or the ehUloh
Cthollbullbull 1ft 1 bullbulltud) Ind1oat that th dl with the Cethol1
ChulGhf poUe) 0 bullbull1J_ 0 h al St __ 0 th IIhUlGh _th bull 1tecI DOn aU_ 111 w1~
t pall SJn 1M 0 h young - dl
with t polla) ~ the yaur Cathctll0 wih bull DOll
eduoatlon ~ dlred wlh th 01011 polle
Hau (leuI 5 tivu Ue peentege 1ft -h tIlI wUh
It_ 13 (__ t VI all__ 0 I bullbullU) A t
mt dl wlth hi U 1 eu t be yl that h would
1n evo 0 heving _1 aly Jn the Cthta1la Chunn uno to 81_
wlth th Ita bullbull p 1 to vo the prt peltAl i al
th data thet the bullbullt _Jult 0 to accept prlbullbull at hI U OwaU 16 C d with the
lOhl~ltlon 0 1 al) Thl t-wo proan or hdeft with a eoU eductaU 1I1d with he plOhUalUan 0 _11ft pl bullbull
EducaUan bull- to IIbullbull Ill to In eooep 0 __ pllbullbull
heft
ll a (1 6 V hlta D th MI_ on 1- 11 (To a
catholl0 It 1 ft to ta1n an ye 0 U elel nh
cantHI dvlo end the W th aontnl pill) Th data h at
34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
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11 bullbullbull I fet nbullbull_
II
u -lbullbullbullM r -J wltIlt
elf tda llUtat fila Ie IIIIlI
t_ at tU 1IIVal err 1Ml
JllllaUt lit fit
til u s lie JupUr _ IIOUDM (C aM 1) bull
11 eM bullbullbullbull _Wi ubull alIA fI Ju u a-l_ shy
ilr aM _
-u A _ bullbullbullbull1_ It __ bullbullbull1amp811 wetul ampIt
VltaU MIl lte at
bullbull1_ 1bullbull11
bull IIllAl a (I 111 1110)
1 Ie aW tile
1 ia at I 1_ f1da u 1 nl bullbull
_- til __
0IIIIIlIInalIbullbull MIl s 1ha __ _ _ tie
u _ nbullbull Ia -1_ ubullbull A 11 or nu 9IPbullbullbullbullbull (1amp
CIIIII_ IIIUbullbull lMt) Ia _ __
_deaau __-1M tile
U The ---11bullbull (Iaa tetlllnd lilt) tMt
at tievttlIIp - 1tha1
gaala 1bullbullbullUtudu 1~ 1ft the rarnie 4M1wWual __bull Ttda II ~ u of
__ _ tUw eM _ U of
at Uudee 1 11) tha eft ri 1e
___ iftdlvll ___a at tNt
TIMt _ttude en Uta iMlitIual
1 U ellbull tie the bull of etU 18
1 Ut lMtpl a ana ( 1
15) The _1ft th_ -1 bullbull
aA _ bull -__1tue- u 1
bullbullUw reI thw l
n an 1 ~ Ia lead1lll
U_ A _1 0 a-U- Me
aM _ftllld _t ubullbull 0 la pmubullbull -IY Inall the ea_ I
pp t01 I itt ~
__ by _ ttovlMd hi _n_ ( bull 1M - albullbull
lt53r CaU 1915) at the -JR liN of ttt1
vi Jt 1bullbullt1ault ti oonolta_ the le
-bull bull t 1bullbulltlan t __iII_ VI pnMl_bullbull and
explaMt1_ ft 11 olotJ 0 lD1l1ft1111
1111 bullbull 1 heIa1 r__18a UtI Ift 0 lat
to 1eIII1d
the WId or -111bullbullbullu __ 1 ptIItl_
111 the tude rbullbull 1fIIIk bull III a_ aeo1a1 _au hlJtl-~= 111
_ 1 bull the flbullbullr nJJt1-
_ MU 1au ~ ( 1)
-- aitua __
bullbullbull -r alettbullbull II -lJt1- va bullbullbullbullbull __ Dr u u uuaa1l ~d-eltllale _ 1a 11 -e 1 bullbull11 the ala or u u _lta bullbull_J IIM _la pa___ or __ foaaula bull-__ v ___ bull lIMn tIItlr at _1ftIau aUl I the ar a or u bullbullUll _ft 1l1libull -uu at _ _-1 -1 bull hytHlttt or -l _upI (P 1M)bull
ttl-- _ to
~ Ute _ or ttta tete _ bullbull to J_ hie 1J1IeIt _
_al fJI 1Ih1lta 1An__ tAl
IU v 1aM_ IIUIIIh _ 1111- _all _
1 ~ 1 - bull Ja r _douD 1i1i1_ Iheu1II
bullbullbull__ v_ ta 1 nlJtiauebull t
lWllaa __ un_u U eualr bullbullbull lie
an W ft uuu 1 _Jaw 1
6
It IICIM _ ani
ltw _lal u 111 bull _hibull
1Una n -1 in --
an 11 _Uett __ __tIht_ help in
bull 1 bullbullbull- ll _til la
II) 1 _ wl tit - n toIMJ -lC _
w lad _ u_ 1 alwaUaa
HI __1 _ II aU Ut1e _lt1l -uti- tIM __ Ult
~ (1dI_ al HIO)
A f _ ttlw
bull bullbull11 __ _ bullbull1
_ __ Itl I ttthl bullbull laW
) Ie bullbull -Jitle-
__1 te_ bull til -11tshy
sa re aU 1M n IIAe
u _ IRI y1_ 1 dt
_ u uaa la 1Id
- fit _
_ til at all u 8 _ 1 om - altieal or N _ bullbullbullbull
1a te t u dI ult1thlR
1
Chdau ehunh _1 Ja u III a
1 bullbullbullbull-iftI tU 1M _t-iaUu 1IIel11111-- U_ aN lautt
trr the 11111 1 - n Aibullbull1 I _ aM
___ Ie tit _ ua ~ u pea
_11fbullbullbull bull __ 111 al 111 at bull
auv It 1e aU- _111
~ _ aw (1M2) bullbullad
-1 ~pat 11-_ _ 1ft ill tuIIy
__Ill
1MIebullbull_ wi _ -181 __ ~
Ie - 1IlUtl shy
Ute 1bull a __ I bullbullbull __ at au_ TIlle Itt_ ul us -
ua _ 11111 ur a lipid -_ 1 _ at I ~ 1
1 _ _~ __0 I aM 11bullbull 1ft
_ly Qdha110 a UICt1y 1a Utleal
bull -uu vUt1aJ I 170 _ Ute
or -l U bullbulllee Ud
LE bullbull1_ _ U rabull
bull U-1 1II8llUea1 er ct _
UU_ the _ t _ -urbull the _ -111 tit 1aU_ C1 U _
_ t~ ia bull hiuU
bull
bull Dull (1169) bullbullbull_ - _
_ _ the -l canebullbull - 1IIdel ~ JaIl
Slshy Uv _ cut_
I Ia bullbullbull VI2I1 _W N ___ bullbullPAI II 1IItJ_1 11_ IUln Iot _ the 1 tINt IIbull rat bullt _u-l 4SU bull _ bull bullbullbullbullbullft41 fII ~ bullbullbull1 bull _ill bullbullrlbullbullbull _tAlA hili III 1amp vbulla C _ra _ cu II h tide al ello bullbull bull bullbullbull jteUMI 1etIlM r I - _ul1 ad cttU 1 _ _ lJaI lUAlMll C_ (p 1ft)bull
__ _ fit ff1Au1 Alll
u t _ _ _ _al_
lIa It cttUa _ ~
efl bull cl ttlbull bull u _ fII _ __ It in the Ill CI IDlnR cau _ II __ _ __ ea __ -- 1lIeU WtHU P _ 1 of llllUat Ute III _ tile - _ u u bullbullbullbull1__ u tIIua la of u _ _Ie itt aubull u bull bullbullUb tltSe bullbull w M I11 _ _ el__U rashyt cbullbull)
- t 01 cau or wth ell tIltII tit -tal
u I ___ ampeIl- bullbullbullbullbull bull ft _ _ Ute bullbullbullIal ttI
(ItO) _It_ tit _ r bull u-
_ cata1kl_ r ial MI l _ __
the rena or ur 1tl-1 _
T UftCu_ lflaftUFlU etMlf can atullito -1) tIMlla ttt _Dla _ by ttta 11bull 1M cUrt t 1a DaU ft _atoleMl au_ II bU _tbu athbull a at middotU _ Ubullbullbull 111-1 til I bull-1tva ta hn 1_- t bull aun do __tuft fII Cetttel181aabull _ tlly 0middot the ctftaU Ctt la 1M 1ft bullbull ftde ot ita U1_ fillbull ua n Cabullbulllie Qwnb _ _Ub peUUal JIIln _ Will ___ CeHmiddot _ teI laUMII aybull pl 1 U ashy Ja ur ianbullbullbullIf rau w the ne lob -Uti- I bull oul ala _ uu lewd_ Ie raew De tha btalp Uu Cathell Jtlursu_ t _ __
__ Catllelt8 cma UIceU
ttw_ rabullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull 1Me 1 _
Ie tlOftll Jaftmiddot the at-Ullft ( 101) bull
1lU ca1 a the 11 U IIIIlAIW
ala1ll alUlauF _ _I-a ) 1Ml1Md lWI
III MD dUCATI lit IICIIL AlIt) 1EUtIIbullbull A1fmtlll
a t __ 1 - --Uta- bullbull nlaUaattip t at
_ law_uaa _th nU 1a
ta ~ wiUl It I -JHUve aeoid lie
raquo -It _ MtatRl W _ at __
~ or 11111- leU 1
lIeUs- -- nUt1- - shy
1dta1 bullbull Ue MIl _tal 11
tftalel1ll - F title ___ 111 laWaet w ~_ tile ulllltlbull U_ till _
eU ~t u _ bullbullbullbullt __ _lal
-- -~
_a u _ 1Iut lute aU_ a _ U_
la _ bullbullbullbull181 _deIaIa fa Ute ~ __
Ie aU fit - Uta AU 111 til
u u _ bullm aM _
ampII II UtI
y Ie lNIl-a
wiU _ It 1 _uti 1111)
Cl1 (UII) t __ ta ll I li11
thH 11111 lie middotmiddot1Atl__d to bullbullbullbull tl1a poUUl
11 01_ he II III tIda Ie
bull u bullbullbullbull II c (INI)
tIIebull -J ~
11
tlaat sa iM W II
-a ampttl- JIl eWebull
- 1_ 1 Ja U 11 aItI
pbullbullle de 1 s err _ 1_ ~bullbull 1913)
11debullbull __ bullbullbullbull t bull u at 11 ca lSI)bull
1 (1111) bullbullbullbullbullbull 11_ t -
bullbullbullbulld _ JJItInl Ja nI bull U _ fI 7bulla
t -1 1a W
1lt III8UtI a thbull bullbullbullbullbull_ l Utbullbull la tile
_ ell_ a bull
-1 u aU_ 1 ltIUeillue WIr u- Ja catM1te
CItunIl
Sa d_ eampwlUaau __ lit u 1 lie 81-1 a1 -leu or VI_ bull ill Ul It all
u un _ --_ at peUUea1 aal shy
_ It __bull tun eM W tilbullbullbullbullbull1111
(It11) -- 1At 1
tha _ dl_ h ru~
tel - I bullbullW fit __
u wa pauJa _ It hie _ til
ISbullbull M- IeIIa_ lila
u III _ titbullbull I __ lIIdllen __Us 1M
Uu uftly
n Ie __ t bull ve _taU_
~ Uu Jft _ UIl-- tll_ staa-k
(12) ntlltl-- tU wan tvu at u ft bull _ b (1_) MIl
n ttl II Clatholad u _ bullbull t-- II -u-1 lawIl u_ Uvel
I 1a t tha 0 nllp_ nU
u1 dlffteu1U te A 11 ft th (0_ 1) bullbullu 111 Ie __
briefl til ~ lda flit ___bull leUtlshy
1 na _11bull lite -lUUet r NI1t1_ bull
to dudI dt18u1t ~
(1161) u _DUlti Ita atudl_ w tile bull -l1 _u lIIdr
- tudy ill _tit nil tIel1i the eue__
tlltIII he t IP hi theeI) atItJ1_ liIIDe
tn 1e bull _ CIIthell pleat 11a
_ cathoU___ 11 a teHt ta _ bull
tatuUbullbullshy tl the dbullbulld bull 11_
-tdaI It 1n the __ poundIIhU Ounh hila
13
Th v~iabl 0 age nd duction w~ chobullbulln bullbull th 0 pa~ticulu int~bullbullt Th popultion ra whioh the bullbullpl in the
p~bullbulllIftt tudy i dnwn oonit 0 -11 parthbullbull d bullbulloh paih
contin popl 0 11 age and ductional lvlbullbullinc the~ i only
on p~ih in ach loction Thue th~ i no pobullbullibi1ity 0 peop1
g on duotional 1vl o~ ag lvl wo~hipp1ng and int~acting bullbull
bull bullbullprat ~l1g1au group The popultiDn thu to bbullbull auitabl
on in which to t bullbullt the hypathbullbulli that ligioubullbullttitudbullbull v~y w1th
age nd duction
sbullbullbulltudibullbullbull~ piW only t givn ta Stau~middot (1955)
tudy 0 cCa~thyi_ and r ting~ Rick and Sohchw (156)
tudy 0 ~ligiou c~ii could only b dona t tibullbullbull when the ph_
to b invbullbullt1gtd o~ed t~bullbulllvaa to the ob~v Today tu~o11
ov~ changbullbull in the II Ctho1ic C~ch to o~ thi typo
oppo~tun1ty to the pnt ~bullbullbullbull~ch~ Chang i the tt~ 0 g~t bullbullt
concm in the Catholic Chu~ch t pnt Ctwt will b optionally
dfined ro~ the pu~_ 0 thi invbullbulltigtion bullbull any a1t~1ng or beli
o~ practic aong catholic that ha takn p1c 1n the pbullbullt t ty
ybullbull~ o~ i bullbullted o~ the o~bullbullabl utu~bullbull
Sinc the ch taking plac CDv~ Mfty pha bullbullbull 0 Ctho1ic li
it bullbull conaided pobullbulliIl1 to contNct bullbullcal 0 it ~latd to
thbullbullbull changbullbull and uabullbull p~aanbullbullco~ on thibullbullca1 indicto~
0 hibullbullttitudbullbull t ~ thbullbullbull chang ro~ the pu~pobullbullbull 0 thibullbulltudy
bull 1ib1 w optiona11y dined on who avo~bullbull chang and bull
contrvat1vbullbullbull on who oppobullbullbull chang The 1ib~-conbullbullrvativ
continuUII i otn on wed in rligioubullbullttitud r~ch (Ii 1965)
and i bull ci11y lIPP~opdtbullbullinc HUg10n i l1y conid~d
10
a conaarativa oc1al forc aut thi 1 not ly true and religiau
backing 1 otten g1 to libeNl and rad1cal c_d 01 udl chWlO
It bullbullbull conaldarad of pnctieal nd theoretical intet to dtlII1 if
hatarogenalty 0 ttltuda toward elliou obJact exlted in ordinay
0DnOrtion corying IIlth ag and aducation If 0 thi would
relat ralilau attitud to thobullbull ound In other ar Of nuan 11a
n i thue the nl pua 0 hibullbulltucly to clIPitaU tha
preat crl1bullbull c~a -thln tha ~n Clic Church and data~e
i l1011U attituda do ind vary in ralation to a MCI acIuoaUon
It cana1drecl d bullbulllr~a to hold tha dr 0 raliiaue
ailiation and Uta Ie actor abullbullttlltl _ pbullbulllItl to teat I htl that th i ariatl wi thl -snaU_l popu1aU
Thi 1 accaplihad ~y bullbull1otlng a population or retUlarly churchmiddot
ttandlng Catholic Peopl 0- labal t~lea a Catholic --Ply
baaauaa c1a pau or ~cauaa 0 tradltiGMl aaeealaUo
thll aa11y with the Cathollc Church IUGh aUlatiM eM haldly ~
acceptllCl aa a I_t or tlUlt Church rattl 1 aac-Rc or
Cathollc bal1e and pneUo To 1M IU chaol a ehch l
population cannot takn pr 0 the Ject t or
MIL llut it at l_t ur that lUI 1 are 1ft touch
wi th the c occurring 1ft the Cahl1c Church and hat Utaa e
have _ io OIl ir liv d hence ar 1 u tIt_ at l bullbullt
In aft aanae 0 the te
statiUoaUy lJlllti the populatlon tie chWoh-attandera do
rave or tII vari_l11y that would ~ lUnd it he papulation
1 del a oiU 0 anyone who Oh the lallNtl 0 Catholic lut thibullbullWely 1 not ifttareatad ln rl1iy t attitud_
11
that lie u 11middot lIIIIk 1M
th4I It _ 1t1a M
IIau _11 VII1yent11 al n
__ UM fill bullbullbullbullbull
the of bullbullbull __ a_ _ _VtI u 1a _ _
_ catMUe JU1l1 till _ t_
aW
I MLlIICf
uu ta tuIIy abe r_ fit
at _II bull lell Ill It e
_u leila (1_)bull
bull Ii bullbullbullbull -- e __ IIUl 1bullbulltI iAtt bullbullbull __ (II Ia) ruu I Ill bullbullbull JMiwitlual _1 IdbullbullIt _ (p_
bull tud1 ell _ fill
1 bullbull11 _ IIIIB leU (I)
bull tuIIy 1 thU Cdtu_
thtIl ~ 1UaUea _ 1 __ de u_ bull cw (1 lis n_tat_ bull _ ~I
11 bullbull_tIbull N lieU __ t ad_ ia
U _ of the - cathu 1
-al t -u vI -1c1aI
t I bullbull 111 Itt cau poundMacIft lleDt tItle
~ d t h1e a1_
16
-- 1 __ lIeUa tha bullbullbullbullbull will lie
ale __ _ ____
Iel and 1~eto (1965) elM PDIt that Ute gnup lp
or the ilMnt Mould be ken lA_ 1ft _~tude ah
They ehawed tha JMta ~ to lawft ~ bullbullPI bull
(bullbulltal deairab111ty) and L (Ua) _1_ heR ttlbullbullI1-nt_ a
cauouc 1t traquo MAtIld ~lt bullbull IMotOh then he
la Accen1ng It thia tudy - adaln1aU 0 h tna~t
by a 11_t -ould both helIt iM thbullbullaUaldl1ty h
8IIIt CllDUiINt______in U u_ IIh1I1
CMAmlll
I Il1MODI - HIT 1
ml f It shyThe ~ 11 aU lie ounlRM 1
~ bullbull ___ ~ 1 -la 1ft the pu 111 nMlv _ Me
tutu bullu _ an1 will he
at h _ Al1_ Ml (1161) __ tn
u lilt nUU __ 1_ bull
a1 _ uu u - _v - - The pUM n bullbullbull _ PllMI11
s- 1 __ 1eWM _we ca
wI Uu_ _
at bullbullbullbullbullbull
lle bullbullbullntt bullbull W leW bull _ _ _
1___Uwa1 bullbullbullbullbullbull 1 he 1eahtaJ Uta __~
-Uuel bullbull_1 1 All 1 bull
111bullbull1 an MIa In ie
- Catlu cane 1ft U
1ft to W
_ t at u_ _ at u
11
mal tN _a AU tile
1 1ft thla e bull u bullt - tba or the
u __ fit 1Mt At Ut U the lUI t JuI n - hit dl__ ( lN1) 1111_
tnIlllllllJe _ alAe _tIl tWI 1ft dIdIIt
Ill 1 hi
W m they fit _t ~
u-au_ TN_ _ 101
I 1INUMd ampb _Ill II pel _U
_111 ~_ -1 _ In
he u- __ 1 ampII
- A 11_ the - _ 1 11 III _ h
- aa he
1 bPl _ u
lftIIIII fA ple
V cal __ - tutu 01
1IIdamp rtan tie bullbull or CltNl_ 1ft
bullbullbullbullM MUM --_
It _ bullbullbullbullbull ta _ 1Ile ull 1111
_til the 1 11 1ft eteh
U tMIlftIII Illcuit 81th
IIltly U lhatl bull ___ IIJ he r
I bull
a hen tid u tNnr
1- - dun __ _
-
Cathllll or al 1tIheIt 11 II -r shy_111M lap _ne
Oft hi 1 _1M _
1M 18 - _t __ lI1ruu
IIlll-Mlr nNaU h Md _ bullbullbull round to be _
(eo ~ ta _ NUl) eh
bull -Ill - - - r --t thin 1- 1111 rtl1 r he _
to 0 wil Nt U uat11
_ Ie ~ th_ hln _ _ u-I tdth bull WhIt to ttl l _ iii
1Ml 1 Chunh 18tV111 hbullbullbull_ All he 1_ eleaed -s Iftla In V h cU eW
Oft bull - II1Iu1al r
bullUIIy or -- 1_ (1 3 I _ 20T I lI 1bullbull 16 17 II
I nrua) ntUhIIII u bIlinl ~ - CUMll
Chunh The IIhu (It 1 It 6bullbullt 10 U U II I)
to ttl I bullbull tal cell
Chi_ hi 1-middot plaeed -l8JIea w tbu
10
_ - tiN
11bullbull1 a _ _ _- n () -1 tie _ bull 11
______hi bullbullbullbullbull _hi all__ JaI bull
_ nt (au tNII C
__ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullat _ taIIlil
I eu nbullbull Ml ___
a - Ilut - _ tMN JM1 _ and
-1 til ~ - bull I shy
abullbull IIM UIIt til h
rbullbull bullbull IIbullbull
I ___ 1II1et WIIl _ it_ -l nI
IIu 11 III - tN 11
_ al W I ilia Nt SIal M
ltI -d 1D Ud at au _
-111 s UIuIl _ lie autleWl 1M MUM
bull bullbullbull 1_ - _
_ at AU 1ft 1 of -
U _ ~ _tal petntSamp1 _
_ W ~bullbulld plPi_ in
tN Nel fit ~ he caubullbull n bullbullbull11 the 1M th _
t21 L ~ fMM - w_ fit (1) bullbullau _
21
itbout chng to p~t good dicrilnatlon alone the liberalshy
conervativ continuua ror pl In the rea or clrical dieiplinbull
ny Catholic ar eoncrnd with the prbullbullbullnt harta9 or clr9Y In
Catholic prih Thi uaually ratbullbullbull the quatian at clarical
clibcy Three it (2 11 and 15) perltt the rbullbullpondant to
diacrilnate bull 11ttle In 111 attitude toward hi tutUI ching Ite
11 bullbullrly ak it the chang to rrid clrlY 1bullbullIreable to the
rbullbullpendant It 2 bullbullk ir bull r bullbullpondnt thinka thi chang would rbullbullu1t
in lood bullbullrvic to peepl It 15 ineerpotbullbull the bullbullt rrquant
oent in the rirt two pilot tudibullbull whioh iapUbullbull tht thi chang
to nld clrgy llight raul t in battr bullbullrvic baerried
clrgy would hv bttr inaight into rly lir It i rbl to
ua tht bull preon ight ccapt bull chang to bull nid olrlY van
though bdobullbull not rbullbullbullbullbull it bullbull rbullbullu1ting in _d or bttr bullbullrvic but
bullbullrly beubullbull h d It noy to the bullbullitanc or the Churoh bullbull
h k it Hbullbullilht 10 think _nid clrgy auld 11v bttbullbull
bullbullbullvic or llight nat H could 10 think bullbullrried clrgy would liv
ltettr bullbullrvio but prrr the clibat olrlY h hebull awn cautDaad to
Thue 11 thr it hlp dicrillit bullbull r~ntmiddotbullbullttitud taad
thi chantbullbull
Th caaaant or dir r antbullbull180 indicted _ canebullbulln
over the poalUon cr woan in the Chuch T_ itbullbull tap thibullbull1bullbull cr
change It 1 chck the pandentmiddot tUtude to_rd bull intbullbulll
paUcipaUon by _en in worhlp nd it 15 chck hibullbulltUtUde toward
bull rl clrgy
It 16 and 18 both chok the bullbullbullpendant attitude t 1d the
ua_ of uthorlty in the Churoh Itaa 9 10 and 12 are all concrned
22
wi In hip U_ in he ChINh 1- 4 If 14
en bull __ _th he 1IffId1dU_ r the _ 111
Ute w ubullbullr u Ctweh all ani u hM
_ tile da 11bull CetMllM
th- tit~ _tdtIen W bull -Ia _
_ 1ft CNIlJ Ua ha en a _ I he
CltNIUL
f1M1 n lfI 1M Thl lnal _all _ leld Me lay -1At 11_ to 6U Calhal1M
~ vial 1A _1 parllh in I -n aagon au
DOIIPlated U 111 the allot tJu __1tIg tohl
II1ddla or tttl 111bullbull and _ __ -kad for a
~rr or tl rtlilU1ta
A epllt-halr nllelAlUbullbullaJG1ant Gtd tor the de
obtaineG nil heM tiO ta and _ tllUftd to be A co~relaU_
an thl uwn and t hal the 1Dampl __MIt
_ampI ou_ t bl ill
II IETMIDI NIT 11
Th Catall adahop ~I 1 tact
_1_ ta thl ftMa to any ar $tsa palJt 0 hI ____
the Itudy The filioo_ t lMIIJcI _ 0 catam 0
-J bull t 32 auINRlta _ parun ar he pa-__ Ira _U
1- than 20 tU ut ttbullbull fa bull la1 peJah_ and the
lan1 deAlcted that bull tnUfia_Una lan would orbullbull
23
bettr bull 1 or the population Th parihs wer dlvided into thr
group (1 - 200 rtltbullbull 201 - 00 r-111bullbull and 401 - 600 raillbullbull )
Dna parih each rroa the two larger group and our aall pariaha wr
randoaly bullbulllactad a the pl or par1h to bbullbullurv~ad Thue tha
ubJect contitut a randaa stretirid ple or the church-going
population or the R Catholic D10c of BIIcr Sinc thre 1 only
one Catholic paih in the bullbull1 town and ciUbullbull or E_tern OnIOn all
church10ing Catholic or th1 ara ar OlOad to worhip together thus
abullbulluring the bullbuller1llntr t t the vadablbullbull or 1Ig and ducation will
b rairly rprntativ or the entir Catholic population or the ar
The experientr a Cathol1c pribullbullt orrioiated at the regular
Sunday erv1cbullbull or the padshbullbull included in the ple During the tibullbull
in tha service regularly devoted to a eran he aked the u~r to pa
out copis or the attitude acale and pencil to bar or the
congregation Arter thbullbullbull -d been distributed the Eucpedantar read
the introductory paragraph or the quUonnair to the congregation H
requeted thelr cooplation in coapltiO the it and orr8led to
anwer any quetion when the elvice over Tanty ainut war
allotad to the subject ror coaplation of ttle attitude cal The
bullbullrvice _ concluded in the usual annel and the ePerinter anred
any quetion that c up
A and EdypaUal Lbullbulll bull
for the purpo anal ying the data or the tudy the ubJectbull
bullbullre dividd into thrbullbull aoe IIOUP and rour ducation 11OUP thus
living a _trix 0 t_lv call The age IIOUPbullbullbullr (1) Jct
24
btn IS-30 yar 0 ao (2) eubJaot btn 31-50 yar (3)
ubJct 51 yn 0 or oldr Thi dlvllon baed uan bullbullvnI
conidration ThbullbullubJeot in the irt ege group have lived aot or
thair livbullbull in a changing Catholic Church It i bullbull~acted that they
will be Muoh more accpting 0 change then the other groupbullbullince changa
1 1bullbullbull unuual to th Tha ubJact In the bullbullcand group havs pant
01 or their live in bull Church that did little changing end hence are
expected to b 1bullbullbull accepting Dr chang The third group Ul hava
pnt Much ora t1bullbull than ither 0 tha other group in an unchanging
rligiou atbullbullpher It i bullbull~ected that thy wiU b the t
conervativ group
The division 0 ducation into our lvelbullbullbullbullbullbulld the 8Ot
p~tical ro tha tandpoint at the gneral population to bbullbullurvayd
Gradbullbullchool high chaol __ ooUaobullbull Md a caplatad tour yaar
oollg education bullbullra oanaidred tha aibullbullt diviion to k in our
population aina they ak undratandable diviiona 01 the rapandania
lind each lavl oanUtutbullbull an appreciabl aducational dierenca Ya
at chool caplstad thue conatitutesour oparational dtinitian or
education
III PREOICTIONS
In the lioht 0 tha previous diacu ion and tha r bullbullult at tha
pilot tucUbullbull the allowing pred1ctiona bullbullre _dbullbull
1 Scarbullbull an the prbullbullant hal a the acale will b highr than
acorbullbull on the utuw halt Thi prdiction t bullbullted ith a tet
ror correlated data
2 Younger Catholic bullbullUl tend to be 01 liberal or accepting
25
tit _ A rtAun MIl ttl caul
latlaa _ ~ toe teet 1 ypo
J eav11bullbullbull111 Ie -_ r _
to u will with 1_ renal A _rn1eUon _
t w hy~bullbull
DtAPTII 111
TIIIIIle 1 vee the __ bull bullhe tUIIa Mample
bull bullbull1 lPtti A tnIl
lQM hi aW- II lO1S
_ ubullbullIe n leta _ bull
TM _ _ the -1 21
to iIIplrl _ the ~ _ bullbull _- p1Me
NI ten h
TIIIJ1e 1 v t 14 iD tile bull AVi tnI UlnaIbullbulldbullbull
aIl TNwe a I
hiIhl ~ tie Thi moa - cauu u ~
__u VIan U Ie The
bull _ MI a lea _
u- tee __ tqb
TM _ 1A TIIIIla 1 II at t _ u Uta _ 1M U ten_
- -
27
TAamppound J
bullbullEI or II POt DUCATl IIOUP
IIAI bull ntl anl1l8r 8CampI
Old ~ (a bull raquoa)(ft bull 113) (bullbull m)
middot ~~--~~~ - r---~~~ 2-l i I
~ i ~ ~ I )~--middot~---iimiddotmiddot---~~~middot~_~_~middotn i
I j II UI I bull III I n 11- i bull 124 I bull 111bull bull 84 I
~ 1
_-------middot4---middotmiddotmiddot_middot+------1
~ bull-1 n
bull bull 111 bull bull 116bull 10
-bull bull 121
1
(n bull UI)
shy
1
(a bull 3-)
cu (bullbull 2U)
bull mmiddot CoU
(a bull 17)
In fig 1 the mean IIOOfeamp or eech educUonal grC1lp 18 plotld
c)gd not dye Lowr scures middotIe indio gtl1vn of conE1rvatislII 8nll h bull gher
soor~s of 11b8ld eta Of groilolr cceptfnc1 of ot) nge Hmiddot~ d t et(JW b
tlf900 tOWfO mo EG libel 1 tti tUt19sin youngt respondentG 19
mi((UfII-gIH t~iQr 9croo1 gredudtas were just eligrtly more LblSral t n
tc younger ligl school QridIJt~S The corrsltion btlDaan 8core8 on
tilm dtitude 8cle finc -g9 was 51 Ulhich is atntist~cll) signifLclnt
t ttlpound bull 11 lsvsl TrG corrailttion between accres on tre attitud~3 scel~
1)nd age wlth educaration prtialled aut was 36 TNa younglill pelOjlla sro
SEHn to bs signlficanU) more accepting 01 change ttln older people
In fig 1 tt-a tH8n COrliS or each gloup ale plott td Il9Ilnet
th~ four Qduc~1tionEll 18113 Thli trend toward l1Il rEt liberal attitiJdo6
wi t ncroiJsnr F1iJCation is slimn in thfll graph Tta eorriltloUon butween
scar on tI~ GCelA ana echoicbull tion 118$ bull ti wlch is 8ignifiCtlnt (tt the
Jl lEtllel n~ corrsl~t1on betwgon scor on ttt~ IICel ~nd f4duQtton
lIIitt ugo pltrtiall~d out lIIes 3amp Thue edUcation is e~n to bil
signifiesntly relatQd to aecfgtptftMC8 at cr~ngo more aduc tad rlJsjJondpnts
tanding to ecclpt ctangua molS r9i11dil) th~in lee oducated 0098
Ttfl date Indice ted t~ilt tlere was no CIOfInlEltion bt~ttl1m1n )gc QItd
sducation (I -db) t Impling no overlap 1n the variance aoountilc for
by the two voriablas 80 a multiple R was computed The ~ultiple R
between 8cores on the acale and E)ge and education was bullbulla About 16
of the variance on ttese 8cores is trus predictablo from age and
education
A 1 test using the formula for carrelatad observations I UlliS done
on t9 deta from the future nd present t1Bllles of tg sc-ale T-e
bullbull
29
-~---------=l GJ8d Schaal bull 6 High School 0- __0
S COlla amiddotmiddotmiddota i
4 yra Collage bull ibull
G_ Amiddot 7- 0
bull bull - - 0 JI bullbull bull N
a
laquo
Old 1l1ddla
AGE
riquE 1 Ian acorbullbull on the attitude Bcele or the foul lIducaUone1 lavl plotted againet eg The highsr ths cors on the aeale the are liberal 01 accepting or change are the reapondenta
lJ
Did Jj a dIIle 0 0 Yatal Il- --D
11
bull
1 2 3
poundDUCATIObullbullL~V[LS
1M a bull _ne the ttltwde elbullbullr th thne poupe plt1M11 lwl The hlp Uw _ on the ele the _n 111 01 --URe or h nepond_e
31
1 - oMbullbullbull 36~)l (p lt 111) 1ndl0U auort tor th hypol
that Cthollcbullbullre _rbullbullcoepting or chabullbull alrdy lMt1 tutad than
they 1 of future hypothlzd chang
U lOR IlOllDUAL nos
S ot the 1t_ in the ttltudbullbullcalbullbullr8 ot bullbulldl Intt
btlcauae thf rtl~ot tUtudU r bull IMt iltpartnett in th
Cetllo110 Churgt todey Itbullbull 6 11 13 end 16 hev be n anAlyzlld
IIDrtl ull y than thtt othr And 1 preted 1n th U1 our
fgur to how th ulte In tr d taU ttaaa 6 11 and 13
wre ~ the uture pert 0 the 8cal and it 16 1 the prt
pert 0 th ace1
lba t
f lIUr8 3 the pnta or Meh I Ihel 111 th 1t_
bull (Dlvo-rrr1d Ctho1icbullbullhou1d b p~tted to raciv the
bullbullonu illy C-uon van though thlr bullbullaond urlbullbullbull
1 inval1d according to na~al tndard) Ovral 61 ot the
r bullbullpond t bullbullbullreed that 01 involved ln invalld 111hould
bbullbull11_0 to rbullbulliv the aat rlgur 3 that ln ach
group at l t ~a~ ot the repond ahaI thl preibullbulliv attltudbullbull
In the youngr ana _1 educatd lrouP _lIIOt 7b~ or ttl raepondant bull
bull xpl dlt with pnnt polley Svnty-toUl IGent or th
rnat wlth a 0011 eduoat1an agreed to bull changbullbullbull d1d 68)11 0 th r8apondant undr thirty y or bullbullbullbull
32
Old Yaung
I~-- -gt- bullbullbull
56~ 5~
- 1
7t~ ~ ~
f
_IDIUJ fiayenr 3 Thl pen_tag 1n ROh II 1-inI _th It 6 J_ 6 Dlvolc- llbd Catha110bull bull haul It t Icl n aact ( otal1r -Uftlon) bull theulh nll bullbull cencI_1 1 bull lavU aoollldl to --
Gbullbull SohaDl
Call
33
DIIl1 rl 4 vee theu1t 0 the VllY itbull U (PII
ehould _t U ta _fty) OvU 57j or the ehUloh
Cthollbullbull 1ft 1 bullbulltud) Ind1oat that th dl with the Cethol1
ChulGhf poUe) 0 bullbull1J_ 0 h al St __ 0 th IIhUlGh _th bull 1tecI DOn aU_ 111 w1~
t pall SJn 1M 0 h young - dl
with t polla) ~ the yaur Cathctll0 wih bull DOll
eduoatlon ~ dlred wlh th 01011 polle
Hau (leuI 5 tivu Ue peentege 1ft -h tIlI wUh
It_ 13 (__ t VI all__ 0 I bullbullU) A t
mt dl wlth hi U 1 eu t be yl that h would
1n evo 0 heving _1 aly Jn the Cthta1la Chunn uno to 81_
wlth th Ita bullbull p 1 to vo the prt peltAl i al
th data thet the bullbullt _Jult 0 to accept prlbullbull at hI U OwaU 16 C d with the
lOhl~ltlon 0 1 al) Thl t-wo proan or hdeft with a eoU eductaU 1I1d with he plOhUalUan 0 _11ft pl bullbull
EducaUan bull- to IIbullbull Ill to In eooep 0 __ pllbullbull
heft
ll a (1 6 V hlta D th MI_ on 1- 11 (To a
catholl0 It 1 ft to ta1n an ye 0 U elel nh
cantHI dvlo end the W th aontnl pill) Th data h at
34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
- Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and practices correlated with age and education
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_deaau __-1M tile
U The ---11bullbull (Iaa tetlllnd lilt) tMt
at tievttlIIp - 1tha1
gaala 1bullbullbullUtudu 1~ 1ft the rarnie 4M1wWual __bull Ttda II ~ u of
__ _ tUw eM _ U of
at Uudee 1 11) tha eft ri 1e
___ iftdlvll ___a at tNt
TIMt _ttude en Uta iMlitIual
1 U ellbull tie the bull of etU 18
1 Ut lMtpl a ana ( 1
15) The _1ft th_ -1 bullbull
aA _ bull -__1tue- u 1
bullbullUw reI thw l
n an 1 ~ Ia lead1lll
U_ A _1 0 a-U- Me
aM _ftllld _t ubullbull 0 la pmubullbull -IY Inall the ea_ I
pp t01 I itt ~
__ by _ ttovlMd hi _n_ ( bull 1M - albullbull
lt53r CaU 1915) at the -JR liN of ttt1
vi Jt 1bullbullt1ault ti oonolta_ the le
-bull bull t 1bullbulltlan t __iII_ VI pnMl_bullbull and
explaMt1_ ft 11 olotJ 0 lD1l1ft1111
1111 bullbull 1 heIa1 r__18a UtI Ift 0 lat
to 1eIII1d
the WId or -111bullbullbullu __ 1 ptIItl_
111 the tude rbullbull 1fIIIk bull III a_ aeo1a1 _au hlJtl-~= 111
_ 1 bull the flbullbullr nJJt1-
_ MU 1au ~ ( 1)
-- aitua __
bullbullbull -r alettbullbull II -lJt1- va bullbullbullbullbull __ Dr u u uuaa1l ~d-eltllale _ 1a 11 -e 1 bullbull11 the ala or u u _lta bullbull_J IIM _la pa___ or __ foaaula bull-__ v ___ bull lIMn tIItlr at _1ftIau aUl I the ar a or u bullbullUll _ft 1l1libull -uu at _ _-1 -1 bull hytHlttt or -l _upI (P 1M)bull
ttl-- _ to
~ Ute _ or ttta tete _ bullbull to J_ hie 1J1IeIt _
_al fJI 1Ih1lta 1An__ tAl
IU v 1aM_ IIUIIIh _ 1111- _all _
1 ~ 1 - bull Ja r _douD 1i1i1_ Iheu1II
bullbullbull__ v_ ta 1 nlJtiauebull t
lWllaa __ un_u U eualr bullbullbull lie
an W ft uuu 1 _Jaw 1
6
It IICIM _ ani
ltw _lal u 111 bull _hibull
1Una n -1 in --
an 11 _Uett __ __tIht_ help in
bull 1 bullbullbull- ll _til la
II) 1 _ wl tit - n toIMJ -lC _
w lad _ u_ 1 alwaUaa
HI __1 _ II aU Ut1e _lt1l -uti- tIM __ Ult
~ (1dI_ al HIO)
A f _ ttlw
bull bullbull11 __ _ bullbull1
_ __ Itl I ttthl bullbull laW
) Ie bullbull -Jitle-
__1 te_ bull til -11tshy
sa re aU 1M n IIAe
u _ IRI y1_ 1 dt
_ u uaa la 1Id
- fit _
_ til at all u 8 _ 1 om - altieal or N _ bullbullbullbull
1a te t u dI ult1thlR
1
Chdau ehunh _1 Ja u III a
1 bullbullbullbull-iftI tU 1M _t-iaUu 1IIel11111-- U_ aN lautt
trr the 11111 1 - n Aibullbull1 I _ aM
___ Ie tit _ ua ~ u pea
_11fbullbullbull bull __ 111 al 111 at bull
auv It 1e aU- _111
~ _ aw (1M2) bullbullad
-1 ~pat 11-_ _ 1ft ill tuIIy
__Ill
1MIebullbull_ wi _ -181 __ ~
Ie - 1IlUtl shy
Ute 1bull a __ I bullbullbull __ at au_ TIlle Itt_ ul us -
ua _ 11111 ur a lipid -_ 1 _ at I ~ 1
1 _ _~ __0 I aM 11bullbull 1ft
_ly Qdha110 a UICt1y 1a Utleal
bull -uu vUt1aJ I 170 _ Ute
or -l U bullbulllee Ud
LE bullbull1_ _ U rabull
bull U-1 1II8llUea1 er ct _
UU_ the _ t _ -urbull the _ -111 tit 1aU_ C1 U _
_ t~ ia bull hiuU
bull
bull Dull (1169) bullbullbull_ - _
_ _ the -l canebullbull - 1IIdel ~ JaIl
Slshy Uv _ cut_
I Ia bullbullbull VI2I1 _W N ___ bullbullPAI II 1IItJ_1 11_ IUln Iot _ the 1 tINt IIbull rat bullt _u-l 4SU bull _ bull bullbullbullbullbullft41 fII ~ bullbullbull1 bull _ill bullbullrlbullbullbull _tAlA hili III 1amp vbulla C _ra _ cu II h tide al ello bullbull bull bullbullbull jteUMI 1etIlM r I - _ul1 ad cttU 1 _ _ lJaI lUAlMll C_ (p 1ft)bull
__ _ fit ff1Au1 Alll
u t _ _ _ _al_
lIa It cttUa _ ~
efl bull cl ttlbull bull u _ fII _ __ It in the Ill CI IDlnR cau _ II __ _ __ ea __ -- 1lIeU WtHU P _ 1 of llllUat Ute III _ tile - _ u u bullbullbullbull1__ u tIIua la of u _ _Ie itt aubull u bull bullbullUb tltSe bullbull w M I11 _ _ el__U rashyt cbullbull)
- t 01 cau or wth ell tIltII tit -tal
u I ___ ampeIl- bullbullbullbullbull bull ft _ _ Ute bullbullbullIal ttI
(ItO) _It_ tit _ r bull u-
_ cata1kl_ r ial MI l _ __
the rena or ur 1tl-1 _
T UftCu_ lflaftUFlU etMlf can atullito -1) tIMlla ttt _Dla _ by ttta 11bull 1M cUrt t 1a DaU ft _atoleMl au_ II bU _tbu athbull a at middotU _ Ubullbullbull 111-1 til I bull-1tva ta hn 1_- t bull aun do __tuft fII Cetttel181aabull _ tlly 0middot the ctftaU Ctt la 1M 1ft bullbull ftde ot ita U1_ fillbull ua n Cabullbulllie Qwnb _ _Ub peUUal JIIln _ Will ___ CeHmiddot _ teI laUMII aybull pl 1 U ashy Ja ur ianbullbullbullIf rau w the ne lob -Uti- I bull oul ala _ uu lewd_ Ie raew De tha btalp Uu Cathell Jtlursu_ t _ __
__ Catllelt8 cma UIceU
ttw_ rabullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull 1Me 1 _
Ie tlOftll Jaftmiddot the at-Ullft ( 101) bull
1lU ca1 a the 11 U IIIIlAIW
ala1ll alUlauF _ _I-a ) 1Ml1Md lWI
III MD dUCATI lit IICIIL AlIt) 1EUtIIbullbull A1fmtlll
a t __ 1 - --Uta- bullbull nlaUaattip t at
_ law_uaa _th nU 1a
ta ~ wiUl It I -JHUve aeoid lie
raquo -It _ MtatRl W _ at __
~ or 11111- leU 1
lIeUs- -- nUt1- - shy
1dta1 bullbull Ue MIl _tal 11
tftalel1ll - F title ___ 111 laWaet w ~_ tile ulllltlbull U_ till _
eU ~t u _ bullbullbullbullt __ _lal
-- -~
_a u _ 1Iut lute aU_ a _ U_
la _ bullbullbullbull181 _deIaIa fa Ute ~ __
Ie aU fit - Uta AU 111 til
u u _ bullm aM _
ampII II UtI
y Ie lNIl-a
wiU _ It 1 _uti 1111)
Cl1 (UII) t __ ta ll I li11
thH 11111 lie middotmiddot1Atl__d to bullbullbullbull tl1a poUUl
11 01_ he II III tIda Ie
bull u bullbullbullbull II c (INI)
tIIebull -J ~
11
tlaat sa iM W II
-a ampttl- JIl eWebull
- 1_ 1 Ja U 11 aItI
pbullbullle de 1 s err _ 1_ ~bullbull 1913)
11debullbull __ bullbullbullbull t bull u at 11 ca lSI)bull
1 (1111) bullbullbullbullbullbull 11_ t -
bullbullbullbulld _ JJItInl Ja nI bull U _ fI 7bulla
t -1 1a W
1lt III8UtI a thbull bullbullbullbullbull_ l Utbullbull la tile
_ ell_ a bull
-1 u aU_ 1 ltIUeillue WIr u- Ja catM1te
CItunIl
Sa d_ eampwlUaau __ lit u 1 lie 81-1 a1 -leu or VI_ bull ill Ul It all
u un _ --_ at peUUea1 aal shy
_ It __bull tun eM W tilbullbullbullbullbull1111
(It11) -- 1At 1
tha _ dl_ h ru~
tel - I bullbullW fit __
u wa pauJa _ It hie _ til
ISbullbull M- IeIIa_ lila
u III _ titbullbull I __ lIIdllen __Us 1M
Uu uftly
n Ie __ t bull ve _taU_
~ Uu Jft _ UIl-- tll_ staa-k
(12) ntlltl-- tU wan tvu at u ft bull _ b (1_) MIl
n ttl II Clatholad u _ bullbull t-- II -u-1 lawIl u_ Uvel
I 1a t tha 0 nllp_ nU
u1 dlffteu1U te A 11 ft th (0_ 1) bullbullu 111 Ie __
briefl til ~ lda flit ___bull leUtlshy
1 na _11bull lite -lUUet r NI1t1_ bull
to dudI dt18u1t ~
(1161) u _DUlti Ita atudl_ w tile bull -l1 _u lIIdr
- tudy ill _tit nil tIel1i the eue__
tlltIII he t IP hi theeI) atItJ1_ liIIDe
tn 1e bull _ CIIthell pleat 11a
_ cathoU___ 11 a teHt ta _ bull
tatuUbullbullshy tl the dbullbulld bull 11_
-tdaI It 1n the __ poundIIhU Ounh hila
13
Th v~iabl 0 age nd duction w~ chobullbulln bullbull th 0 pa~ticulu int~bullbullt Th popultion ra whioh the bullbullpl in the
p~bullbulllIftt tudy i dnwn oonit 0 -11 parthbullbull d bullbulloh paih
contin popl 0 11 age and ductional lvlbullbullinc the~ i only
on p~ih in ach loction Thue th~ i no pobullbullibi1ity 0 peop1
g on duotional 1vl o~ ag lvl wo~hipp1ng and int~acting bullbull
bull bullbullprat ~l1g1au group The popultiDn thu to bbullbull auitabl
on in which to t bullbullt the hypathbullbulli that ligioubullbullttitudbullbull v~y w1th
age nd duction
sbullbullbulltudibullbullbull~ piW only t givn ta Stau~middot (1955)
tudy 0 cCa~thyi_ and r ting~ Rick and Sohchw (156)
tudy 0 ~ligiou c~ii could only b dona t tibullbullbull when the ph_
to b invbullbullt1gtd o~ed t~bullbulllvaa to the ob~v Today tu~o11
ov~ changbullbull in the II Ctho1ic C~ch to o~ thi typo
oppo~tun1ty to the pnt ~bullbullbullbull~ch~ Chang i the tt~ 0 g~t bullbullt
concm in the Catholic Chu~ch t pnt Ctwt will b optionally
dfined ro~ the pu~_ 0 thi invbullbulltigtion bullbull any a1t~1ng or beli
o~ practic aong catholic that ha takn p1c 1n the pbullbullt t ty
ybullbull~ o~ i bullbullted o~ the o~bullbullabl utu~bullbull
Sinc the ch taking plac CDv~ Mfty pha bullbullbull 0 Ctho1ic li
it bullbull conaided pobullbulliIl1 to contNct bullbullcal 0 it ~latd to
thbullbullbull changbullbull and uabullbull p~aanbullbullco~ on thibullbullca1 indicto~
0 hibullbullttitudbullbull t ~ thbullbullbull chang ro~ the pu~pobullbullbull 0 thibullbulltudy
bull 1ib1 w optiona11y dined on who avo~bullbull chang and bull
contrvat1vbullbullbull on who oppobullbullbull chang The 1ib~-conbullbullrvativ
continuUII i otn on wed in rligioubullbullttitud r~ch (Ii 1965)
and i bull ci11y lIPP~opdtbullbullinc HUg10n i l1y conid~d
10
a conaarativa oc1al forc aut thi 1 not ly true and religiau
backing 1 otten g1 to libeNl and rad1cal c_d 01 udl chWlO
It bullbullbull conaldarad of pnctieal nd theoretical intet to dtlII1 if
hatarogenalty 0 ttltuda toward elliou obJact exlted in ordinay
0DnOrtion corying IIlth ag and aducation If 0 thi would
relat ralilau attitud to thobullbull ound In other ar Of nuan 11a
n i thue the nl pua 0 hibullbulltucly to clIPitaU tha
preat crl1bullbull c~a -thln tha ~n Clic Church and data~e
i l1011U attituda do ind vary in ralation to a MCI acIuoaUon
It cana1drecl d bullbulllr~a to hold tha dr 0 raliiaue
ailiation and Uta Ie actor abullbullttlltl _ pbullbulllItl to teat I htl that th i ariatl wi thl -snaU_l popu1aU
Thi 1 accaplihad ~y bullbull1otlng a population or retUlarly churchmiddot
ttandlng Catholic Peopl 0- labal t~lea a Catholic --Ply
baaauaa c1a pau or ~cauaa 0 tradltiGMl aaeealaUo
thll aa11y with the Cathollc Church IUGh aUlatiM eM haldly ~
acceptllCl aa a I_t or tlUlt Church rattl 1 aac-Rc or
Cathollc bal1e and pneUo To 1M IU chaol a ehch l
population cannot takn pr 0 the Ject t or
MIL llut it at l_t ur that lUI 1 are 1ft touch
wi th the c occurring 1ft the Cahl1c Church and hat Utaa e
have _ io OIl ir liv d hence ar 1 u tIt_ at l bullbullt
In aft aanae 0 the te
statiUoaUy lJlllti the populatlon tie chWoh-attandera do
rave or tII vari_l11y that would ~ lUnd it he papulation
1 del a oiU 0 anyone who Oh the lallNtl 0 Catholic lut thibullbullWely 1 not ifttareatad ln rl1iy t attitud_
11
that lie u 11middot lIIIIk 1M
th4I It _ 1t1a M
IIau _11 VII1yent11 al n
__ UM fill bullbullbullbullbull
the of bullbullbull __ a_ _ _VtI u 1a _ _
_ catMUe JU1l1 till _ t_
aW
I MLlIICf
uu ta tuIIy abe r_ fit
at _II bull lell Ill It e
_u leila (1_)bull
bull Ii bullbullbullbull -- e __ IIUl 1bullbulltI iAtt bullbullbull __ (II Ia) ruu I Ill bullbullbull JMiwitlual _1 IdbullbullIt _ (p_
bull tud1 ell _ fill
1 bullbull11 _ IIIIB leU (I)
bull tuIIy 1 thU Cdtu_
thtIl ~ 1UaUea _ 1 __ de u_ bull cw (1 lis n_tat_ bull _ ~I
11 bullbull_tIbull N lieU __ t ad_ ia
U _ of the - cathu 1
-al t -u vI -1c1aI
t I bullbull 111 Itt cau poundMacIft lleDt tItle
~ d t h1e a1_
16
-- 1 __ lIeUa tha bullbullbullbullbull will lie
ale __ _ ____
Iel and 1~eto (1965) elM PDIt that Ute gnup lp
or the ilMnt Mould be ken lA_ 1ft _~tude ah
They ehawed tha JMta ~ to lawft ~ bullbullPI bull
(bullbulltal deairab111ty) and L (Ua) _1_ heR ttlbullbullI1-nt_ a
cauouc 1t traquo MAtIld ~lt bullbull IMotOh then he
la Accen1ng It thia tudy - adaln1aU 0 h tna~t
by a 11_t -ould both helIt iM thbullbullaUaldl1ty h
8IIIt CllDUiINt______in U u_ IIh1I1
CMAmlll
I Il1MODI - HIT 1
ml f It shyThe ~ 11 aU lie ounlRM 1
~ bullbull ___ ~ 1 -la 1ft the pu 111 nMlv _ Me
tutu bullu _ an1 will he
at h _ Al1_ Ml (1161) __ tn
u lilt nUU __ 1_ bull
a1 _ uu u - _v - - The pUM n bullbullbull _ PllMI11
s- 1 __ 1eWM _we ca
wI Uu_ _
at bullbullbullbullbullbull
lle bullbullbullntt bullbull W leW bull _ _ _
1___Uwa1 bullbullbullbullbullbull 1 he 1eahtaJ Uta __~
-Uuel bullbull_1 1 All 1 bull
111bullbull1 an MIa In ie
- Catlu cane 1ft U
1ft to W
_ t at u_ _ at u
11
mal tN _a AU tile
1 1ft thla e bull u bullt - tba or the
u __ fit 1Mt At Ut U the lUI t JuI n - hit dl__ ( lN1) 1111_
tnIlllllllJe _ alAe _tIl tWI 1ft dIdIIt
Ill 1 hi
W m they fit _t ~
u-au_ TN_ _ 101
I 1INUMd ampb _Ill II pel _U
_111 ~_ -1 _ In
he u- __ 1 ampII
- A 11_ the - _ 1 11 III _ h
- aa he
1 bPl _ u
lftIIIII fA ple
V cal __ - tutu 01
1IIdamp rtan tie bullbull or CltNl_ 1ft
bullbullbullbullM MUM --_
It _ bullbullbullbullbull ta _ 1Ile ull 1111
_til the 1 11 1ft eteh
U tMIlftIII Illcuit 81th
IIltly U lhatl bull ___ IIJ he r
I bull
a hen tid u tNnr
1- - dun __ _
-
Cathllll or al 1tIheIt 11 II -r shy_111M lap _ne
Oft hi 1 _1M _
1M 18 - _t __ lI1ruu
IIlll-Mlr nNaU h Md _ bullbullbull round to be _
(eo ~ ta _ NUl) eh
bull -Ill - - - r --t thin 1- 1111 rtl1 r he _
to 0 wil Nt U uat11
_ Ie ~ th_ hln _ _ u-I tdth bull WhIt to ttl l _ iii
1Ml 1 Chunh 18tV111 hbullbullbull_ All he 1_ eleaed -s Iftla In V h cU eW
Oft bull - II1Iu1al r
bullUIIy or -- 1_ (1 3 I _ 20T I lI 1bullbull 16 17 II
I nrua) ntUhIIII u bIlinl ~ - CUMll
Chunh The IIhu (It 1 It 6bullbullt 10 U U II I)
to ttl I bullbull tal cell
Chi_ hi 1-middot plaeed -l8JIea w tbu
10
_ - tiN
11bullbull1 a _ _ _- n () -1 tie _ bull 11
______hi bullbullbullbullbull _hi all__ JaI bull
_ nt (au tNII C
__ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullat _ taIIlil
I eu nbullbull Ml ___
a - Ilut - _ tMN JM1 _ and
-1 til ~ - bull I shy
abullbull IIM UIIt til h
rbullbull bullbull IIbullbull
I ___ 1II1et WIIl _ it_ -l nI
IIu 11 III - tN 11
_ al W I ilia Nt SIal M
ltI -d 1D Ud at au _
-111 s UIuIl _ lie autleWl 1M MUM
bull bullbullbull 1_ - _
_ at AU 1ft 1 of -
U _ ~ _tal petntSamp1 _
_ W ~bullbulld plPi_ in
tN Nel fit ~ he caubullbull n bullbullbull11 the 1M th _
t21 L ~ fMM - w_ fit (1) bullbullau _
21
itbout chng to p~t good dicrilnatlon alone the liberalshy
conervativ continuua ror pl In the rea or clrical dieiplinbull
ny Catholic ar eoncrnd with the prbullbullbullnt harta9 or clr9Y In
Catholic prih Thi uaually ratbullbullbull the quatian at clarical
clibcy Three it (2 11 and 15) perltt the rbullbullpondant to
diacrilnate bull 11ttle In 111 attitude toward hi tutUI ching Ite
11 bullbullrly ak it the chang to rrid clrlY 1bullbullIreable to the
rbullbullpendant It 2 bullbullk ir bull r bullbullpondnt thinka thi chang would rbullbullu1t
in lood bullbullrvic to peepl It 15 ineerpotbullbull the bullbullt rrquant
oent in the rirt two pilot tudibullbull whioh iapUbullbull tht thi chang
to nld clrgy llight raul t in battr bullbullrvic baerried
clrgy would hv bttr inaight into rly lir It i rbl to
ua tht bull preon ight ccapt bull chang to bull nid olrlY van
though bdobullbull not rbullbullbullbullbull it bullbull rbullbullu1ting in _d or bttr bullbullrvic but
bullbullrly beubullbull h d It noy to the bullbullitanc or the Churoh bullbull
h k it Hbullbullilht 10 think _nid clrgy auld 11v bttbullbull
bullbullbullvic or llight nat H could 10 think bullbullrried clrgy would liv
ltettr bullbullrvio but prrr the clibat olrlY h hebull awn cautDaad to
Thue 11 thr it hlp dicrillit bullbull r~ntmiddotbullbullttitud taad
thi chantbullbull
Th caaaant or dir r antbullbull180 indicted _ canebullbulln
over the poalUon cr woan in the Chuch T_ itbullbull tap thibullbull1bullbull cr
change It 1 chck the pandentmiddot tUtude to_rd bull intbullbulll
paUcipaUon by _en in worhlp nd it 15 chck hibullbulltUtUde toward
bull rl clrgy
It 16 and 18 both chok the bullbullbullpendant attitude t 1d the
ua_ of uthorlty in the Churoh Itaa 9 10 and 12 are all concrned
22
wi In hip U_ in he ChINh 1- 4 If 14
en bull __ _th he 1IffId1dU_ r the _ 111
Ute w ubullbullr u Ctweh all ani u hM
_ tile da 11bull CetMllM
th- tit~ _tdtIen W bull -Ia _
_ 1ft CNIlJ Ua ha en a _ I he
CltNIUL
f1M1 n lfI 1M Thl lnal _all _ leld Me lay -1At 11_ to 6U Calhal1M
~ vial 1A _1 parllh in I -n aagon au
DOIIPlated U 111 the allot tJu __1tIg tohl
II1ddla or tttl 111bullbull and _ __ -kad for a
~rr or tl rtlilU1ta
A epllt-halr nllelAlUbullbullaJG1ant Gtd tor the de
obtaineG nil heM tiO ta and _ tllUftd to be A co~relaU_
an thl uwn and t hal the 1Dampl __MIt
_ampI ou_ t bl ill
II IETMIDI NIT 11
Th Catall adahop ~I 1 tact
_1_ ta thl ftMa to any ar $tsa palJt 0 hI ____
the Itudy The filioo_ t lMIIJcI _ 0 catam 0
-J bull t 32 auINRlta _ parun ar he pa-__ Ira _U
1- than 20 tU ut ttbullbull fa bull la1 peJah_ and the
lan1 deAlcted that bull tnUfia_Una lan would orbullbull
23
bettr bull 1 or the population Th parihs wer dlvided into thr
group (1 - 200 rtltbullbull 201 - 00 r-111bullbull and 401 - 600 raillbullbull )
Dna parih each rroa the two larger group and our aall pariaha wr
randoaly bullbulllactad a the pl or par1h to bbullbullurv~ad Thue tha
ubJect contitut a randaa stretirid ple or the church-going
population or the R Catholic D10c of BIIcr Sinc thre 1 only
one Catholic paih in the bullbull1 town and ciUbullbull or E_tern OnIOn all
church10ing Catholic or th1 ara ar OlOad to worhip together thus
abullbulluring the bullbuller1llntr t t the vadablbullbull or 1Ig and ducation will
b rairly rprntativ or the entir Catholic population or the ar
The experientr a Cathol1c pribullbullt orrioiated at the regular
Sunday erv1cbullbull or the padshbullbull included in the ple During the tibullbull
in tha service regularly devoted to a eran he aked the u~r to pa
out copis or the attitude acale and pencil to bar or the
congregation Arter thbullbullbull -d been distributed the Eucpedantar read
the introductory paragraph or the quUonnair to the congregation H
requeted thelr cooplation in coapltiO the it and orr8led to
anwer any quetion when the elvice over Tanty ainut war
allotad to the subject ror coaplation of ttle attitude cal The
bullbullrvice _ concluded in the usual annel and the ePerinter anred
any quetion that c up
A and EdypaUal Lbullbulll bull
for the purpo anal ying the data or the tudy the ubJectbull
bullbullre dividd into thrbullbull aoe IIOUP and rour ducation 11OUP thus
living a _trix 0 t_lv call The age IIOUPbullbullbullr (1) Jct
24
btn IS-30 yar 0 ao (2) eubJaot btn 31-50 yar (3)
ubJct 51 yn 0 or oldr Thi dlvllon baed uan bullbullvnI
conidration ThbullbullubJeot in the irt ege group have lived aot or
thair livbullbull in a changing Catholic Church It i bullbull~acted that they
will be Muoh more accpting 0 change then the other groupbullbullince changa
1 1bullbullbull unuual to th Tha ubJact In the bullbullcand group havs pant
01 or their live in bull Church that did little changing end hence are
expected to b 1bullbullbull accepting Dr chang The third group Ul hava
pnt Much ora t1bullbull than ither 0 tha other group in an unchanging
rligiou atbullbullpher It i bullbull~ected that thy wiU b the t
conervativ group
The division 0 ducation into our lvelbullbullbullbullbullbulld the 8Ot
p~tical ro tha tandpoint at the gneral population to bbullbullurvayd
Gradbullbullchool high chaol __ ooUaobullbull Md a caplatad tour yaar
oollg education bullbullra oanaidred tha aibullbullt diviion to k in our
population aina they ak undratandable diviiona 01 the rapandania
lind each lavl oanUtutbullbull an appreciabl aducational dierenca Ya
at chool caplstad thue conatitutesour oparational dtinitian or
education
III PREOICTIONS
In the lioht 0 tha previous diacu ion and tha r bullbullult at tha
pilot tucUbullbull the allowing pred1ctiona bullbullre _dbullbull
1 Scarbullbull an the prbullbullant hal a the acale will b highr than
acorbullbull on the utuw halt Thi prdiction t bullbullted ith a tet
ror correlated data
2 Younger Catholic bullbullUl tend to be 01 liberal or accepting
25
tit _ A rtAun MIl ttl caul
latlaa _ ~ toe teet 1 ypo
J eav11bullbullbull111 Ie -_ r _
to u will with 1_ renal A _rn1eUon _
t w hy~bullbull
DtAPTII 111
TIIIIIle 1 vee the __ bull bullhe tUIIa Mample
bull bullbull1 lPtti A tnIl
lQM hi aW- II lO1S
_ ubullbullIe n leta _ bull
TM _ _ the -1 21
to iIIplrl _ the ~ _ bullbull _- p1Me
NI ten h
TIIIJ1e 1 v t 14 iD tile bull AVi tnI UlnaIbullbulldbullbull
aIl TNwe a I
hiIhl ~ tie Thi moa - cauu u ~
__u VIan U Ie The
bull _ MI a lea _
u- tee __ tqb
TM _ 1A TIIIIla 1 II at t _ u Uta _ 1M U ten_
- -
27
TAamppound J
bullbullEI or II POt DUCATl IIOUP
IIAI bull ntl anl1l8r 8CampI
Old ~ (a bull raquoa)(ft bull 113) (bullbull m)
middot ~~--~~~ - r---~~~ 2-l i I
~ i ~ ~ I )~--middot~---iimiddotmiddot---~~~middot~_~_~middotn i
I j II UI I bull III I n 11- i bull 124 I bull 111bull bull 84 I
~ 1
_-------middot4---middotmiddotmiddot_middot+------1
~ bull-1 n
bull bull 111 bull bull 116bull 10
-bull bull 121
1
(n bull UI)
shy
1
(a bull 3-)
cu (bullbull 2U)
bull mmiddot CoU
(a bull 17)
In fig 1 the mean IIOOfeamp or eech educUonal grC1lp 18 plotld
c)gd not dye Lowr scures middotIe indio gtl1vn of conE1rvatislII 8nll h bull gher
soor~s of 11b8ld eta Of groilolr cceptfnc1 of ot) nge Hmiddot~ d t et(JW b
tlf900 tOWfO mo EG libel 1 tti tUt19sin youngt respondentG 19
mi((UfII-gIH t~iQr 9croo1 gredudtas were just eligrtly more LblSral t n
tc younger ligl school QridIJt~S The corrsltion btlDaan 8core8 on
tilm dtitude 8cle finc -g9 was 51 Ulhich is atntist~cll) signifLclnt
t ttlpound bull 11 lsvsl TrG corrailttion between accres on tre attitud~3 scel~
1)nd age wlth educaration prtialled aut was 36 TNa younglill pelOjlla sro
SEHn to bs signlficanU) more accepting 01 change ttln older people
In fig 1 tt-a tH8n COrliS or each gloup ale plott td Il9Ilnet
th~ four Qduc~1tionEll 18113 Thli trend toward l1Il rEt liberal attitiJdo6
wi t ncroiJsnr F1iJCation is slimn in thfll graph Tta eorriltloUon butween
scar on tI~ GCelA ana echoicbull tion 118$ bull ti wlch is 8ignifiCtlnt (tt the
Jl lEtllel n~ corrsl~t1on betwgon scor on ttt~ IICel ~nd f4duQtton
lIIitt ugo pltrtiall~d out lIIes 3amp Thue edUcation is e~n to bil
signifiesntly relatQd to aecfgtptftMC8 at cr~ngo more aduc tad rlJsjJondpnts
tanding to ecclpt ctangua molS r9i11dil) th~in lee oducated 0098
Ttfl date Indice ted t~ilt tlere was no CIOfInlEltion bt~ttl1m1n )gc QItd
sducation (I -db) t Impling no overlap 1n the variance aoountilc for
by the two voriablas 80 a multiple R was computed The ~ultiple R
between 8cores on the acale and E)ge and education was bullbulla About 16
of the variance on ttese 8cores is trus predictablo from age and
education
A 1 test using the formula for carrelatad observations I UlliS done
on t9 deta from the future nd present t1Bllles of tg sc-ale T-e
bullbull
29
-~---------=l GJ8d Schaal bull 6 High School 0- __0
S COlla amiddotmiddotmiddota i
4 yra Collage bull ibull
G_ Amiddot 7- 0
bull bull - - 0 JI bullbull bull N
a
laquo
Old 1l1ddla
AGE
riquE 1 Ian acorbullbull on the attitude Bcele or the foul lIducaUone1 lavl plotted againet eg The highsr ths cors on the aeale the are liberal 01 accepting or change are the reapondenta
lJ
Did Jj a dIIle 0 0 Yatal Il- --D
11
bull
1 2 3
poundDUCATIObullbullL~V[LS
1M a bull _ne the ttltwde elbullbullr th thne poupe plt1M11 lwl The hlp Uw _ on the ele the _n 111 01 --URe or h nepond_e
31
1 - oMbullbullbull 36~)l (p lt 111) 1ndl0U auort tor th hypol
that Cthollcbullbullre _rbullbullcoepting or chabullbull alrdy lMt1 tutad than
they 1 of future hypothlzd chang
U lOR IlOllDUAL nos
S ot the 1t_ in the ttltudbullbullcalbullbullr8 ot bullbulldl Intt
btlcauae thf rtl~ot tUtudU r bull IMt iltpartnett in th
Cetllo110 Churgt todey Itbullbull 6 11 13 end 16 hev be n anAlyzlld
IIDrtl ull y than thtt othr And 1 preted 1n th U1 our
fgur to how th ulte In tr d taU ttaaa 6 11 and 13
wre ~ the uture pert 0 the 8cal and it 16 1 the prt
pert 0 th ace1
lba t
f lIUr8 3 the pnta or Meh I Ihel 111 th 1t_
bull (Dlvo-rrr1d Ctho1icbullbullhou1d b p~tted to raciv the
bullbullonu illy C-uon van though thlr bullbullaond urlbullbullbull
1 inval1d according to na~al tndard) Ovral 61 ot the
r bullbullpond t bullbullbullreed that 01 involved ln invalld 111hould
bbullbull11_0 to rbullbulliv the aat rlgur 3 that ln ach
group at l t ~a~ ot the repond ahaI thl preibullbulliv attltudbullbull
In the youngr ana _1 educatd lrouP _lIIOt 7b~ or ttl raepondant bull
bull xpl dlt with pnnt polley Svnty-toUl IGent or th
rnat wlth a 0011 eduoat1an agreed to bull changbullbullbull d1d 68)11 0 th r8apondant undr thirty y or bullbullbullbull
32
Old Yaung
I~-- -gt- bullbullbull
56~ 5~
- 1
7t~ ~ ~
f
_IDIUJ fiayenr 3 Thl pen_tag 1n ROh II 1-inI _th It 6 J_ 6 Dlvolc- llbd Catha110bull bull haul It t Icl n aact ( otal1r -Uftlon) bull theulh nll bullbull cencI_1 1 bull lavU aoollldl to --
Gbullbull SohaDl
Call
33
DIIl1 rl 4 vee theu1t 0 the VllY itbull U (PII
ehould _t U ta _fty) OvU 57j or the ehUloh
Cthollbullbull 1ft 1 bullbulltud) Ind1oat that th dl with the Cethol1
ChulGhf poUe) 0 bullbull1J_ 0 h al St __ 0 th IIhUlGh _th bull 1tecI DOn aU_ 111 w1~
t pall SJn 1M 0 h young - dl
with t polla) ~ the yaur Cathctll0 wih bull DOll
eduoatlon ~ dlred wlh th 01011 polle
Hau (leuI 5 tivu Ue peentege 1ft -h tIlI wUh
It_ 13 (__ t VI all__ 0 I bullbullU) A t
mt dl wlth hi U 1 eu t be yl that h would
1n evo 0 heving _1 aly Jn the Cthta1la Chunn uno to 81_
wlth th Ita bullbull p 1 to vo the prt peltAl i al
th data thet the bullbullt _Jult 0 to accept prlbullbull at hI U OwaU 16 C d with the
lOhl~ltlon 0 1 al) Thl t-wo proan or hdeft with a eoU eductaU 1I1d with he plOhUalUan 0 _11ft pl bullbull
EducaUan bull- to IIbullbull Ill to In eooep 0 __ pllbullbull
heft
ll a (1 6 V hlta D th MI_ on 1- 11 (To a
catholl0 It 1 ft to ta1n an ye 0 U elel nh
cantHI dvlo end the W th aontnl pill) Th data h at
34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
- Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and practices correlated with age and education
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1111 bullbull 1 heIa1 r__18a UtI Ift 0 lat
to 1eIII1d
the WId or -111bullbullbullu __ 1 ptIItl_
111 the tude rbullbull 1fIIIk bull III a_ aeo1a1 _au hlJtl-~= 111
_ 1 bull the flbullbullr nJJt1-
_ MU 1au ~ ( 1)
-- aitua __
bullbullbull -r alettbullbull II -lJt1- va bullbullbullbullbull __ Dr u u uuaa1l ~d-eltllale _ 1a 11 -e 1 bullbull11 the ala or u u _lta bullbull_J IIM _la pa___ or __ foaaula bull-__ v ___ bull lIMn tIItlr at _1ftIau aUl I the ar a or u bullbullUll _ft 1l1libull -uu at _ _-1 -1 bull hytHlttt or -l _upI (P 1M)bull
ttl-- _ to
~ Ute _ or ttta tete _ bullbull to J_ hie 1J1IeIt _
_al fJI 1Ih1lta 1An__ tAl
IU v 1aM_ IIUIIIh _ 1111- _all _
1 ~ 1 - bull Ja r _douD 1i1i1_ Iheu1II
bullbullbull__ v_ ta 1 nlJtiauebull t
lWllaa __ un_u U eualr bullbullbull lie
an W ft uuu 1 _Jaw 1
6
It IICIM _ ani
ltw _lal u 111 bull _hibull
1Una n -1 in --
an 11 _Uett __ __tIht_ help in
bull 1 bullbullbull- ll _til la
II) 1 _ wl tit - n toIMJ -lC _
w lad _ u_ 1 alwaUaa
HI __1 _ II aU Ut1e _lt1l -uti- tIM __ Ult
~ (1dI_ al HIO)
A f _ ttlw
bull bullbull11 __ _ bullbull1
_ __ Itl I ttthl bullbull laW
) Ie bullbull -Jitle-
__1 te_ bull til -11tshy
sa re aU 1M n IIAe
u _ IRI y1_ 1 dt
_ u uaa la 1Id
- fit _
_ til at all u 8 _ 1 om - altieal or N _ bullbullbullbull
1a te t u dI ult1thlR
1
Chdau ehunh _1 Ja u III a
1 bullbullbullbull-iftI tU 1M _t-iaUu 1IIel11111-- U_ aN lautt
trr the 11111 1 - n Aibullbull1 I _ aM
___ Ie tit _ ua ~ u pea
_11fbullbullbull bull __ 111 al 111 at bull
auv It 1e aU- _111
~ _ aw (1M2) bullbullad
-1 ~pat 11-_ _ 1ft ill tuIIy
__Ill
1MIebullbull_ wi _ -181 __ ~
Ie - 1IlUtl shy
Ute 1bull a __ I bullbullbull __ at au_ TIlle Itt_ ul us -
ua _ 11111 ur a lipid -_ 1 _ at I ~ 1
1 _ _~ __0 I aM 11bullbull 1ft
_ly Qdha110 a UICt1y 1a Utleal
bull -uu vUt1aJ I 170 _ Ute
or -l U bullbulllee Ud
LE bullbull1_ _ U rabull
bull U-1 1II8llUea1 er ct _
UU_ the _ t _ -urbull the _ -111 tit 1aU_ C1 U _
_ t~ ia bull hiuU
bull
bull Dull (1169) bullbullbull_ - _
_ _ the -l canebullbull - 1IIdel ~ JaIl
Slshy Uv _ cut_
I Ia bullbullbull VI2I1 _W N ___ bullbullPAI II 1IItJ_1 11_ IUln Iot _ the 1 tINt IIbull rat bullt _u-l 4SU bull _ bull bullbullbullbullbullft41 fII ~ bullbullbull1 bull _ill bullbullrlbullbullbull _tAlA hili III 1amp vbulla C _ra _ cu II h tide al ello bullbull bull bullbullbull jteUMI 1etIlM r I - _ul1 ad cttU 1 _ _ lJaI lUAlMll C_ (p 1ft)bull
__ _ fit ff1Au1 Alll
u t _ _ _ _al_
lIa It cttUa _ ~
efl bull cl ttlbull bull u _ fII _ __ It in the Ill CI IDlnR cau _ II __ _ __ ea __ -- 1lIeU WtHU P _ 1 of llllUat Ute III _ tile - _ u u bullbullbullbull1__ u tIIua la of u _ _Ie itt aubull u bull bullbullUb tltSe bullbull w M I11 _ _ el__U rashyt cbullbull)
- t 01 cau or wth ell tIltII tit -tal
u I ___ ampeIl- bullbullbullbullbull bull ft _ _ Ute bullbullbullIal ttI
(ItO) _It_ tit _ r bull u-
_ cata1kl_ r ial MI l _ __
the rena or ur 1tl-1 _
T UftCu_ lflaftUFlU etMlf can atullito -1) tIMlla ttt _Dla _ by ttta 11bull 1M cUrt t 1a DaU ft _atoleMl au_ II bU _tbu athbull a at middotU _ Ubullbullbull 111-1 til I bull-1tva ta hn 1_- t bull aun do __tuft fII Cetttel181aabull _ tlly 0middot the ctftaU Ctt la 1M 1ft bullbull ftde ot ita U1_ fillbull ua n Cabullbulllie Qwnb _ _Ub peUUal JIIln _ Will ___ CeHmiddot _ teI laUMII aybull pl 1 U ashy Ja ur ianbullbullbullIf rau w the ne lob -Uti- I bull oul ala _ uu lewd_ Ie raew De tha btalp Uu Cathell Jtlursu_ t _ __
__ Catllelt8 cma UIceU
ttw_ rabullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull 1Me 1 _
Ie tlOftll Jaftmiddot the at-Ullft ( 101) bull
1lU ca1 a the 11 U IIIIlAIW
ala1ll alUlauF _ _I-a ) 1Ml1Md lWI
III MD dUCATI lit IICIIL AlIt) 1EUtIIbullbull A1fmtlll
a t __ 1 - --Uta- bullbull nlaUaattip t at
_ law_uaa _th nU 1a
ta ~ wiUl It I -JHUve aeoid lie
raquo -It _ MtatRl W _ at __
~ or 11111- leU 1
lIeUs- -- nUt1- - shy
1dta1 bullbull Ue MIl _tal 11
tftalel1ll - F title ___ 111 laWaet w ~_ tile ulllltlbull U_ till _
eU ~t u _ bullbullbullbullt __ _lal
-- -~
_a u _ 1Iut lute aU_ a _ U_
la _ bullbullbullbull181 _deIaIa fa Ute ~ __
Ie aU fit - Uta AU 111 til
u u _ bullm aM _
ampII II UtI
y Ie lNIl-a
wiU _ It 1 _uti 1111)
Cl1 (UII) t __ ta ll I li11
thH 11111 lie middotmiddot1Atl__d to bullbullbullbull tl1a poUUl
11 01_ he II III tIda Ie
bull u bullbullbullbull II c (INI)
tIIebull -J ~
11
tlaat sa iM W II
-a ampttl- JIl eWebull
- 1_ 1 Ja U 11 aItI
pbullbullle de 1 s err _ 1_ ~bullbull 1913)
11debullbull __ bullbullbullbull t bull u at 11 ca lSI)bull
1 (1111) bullbullbullbullbullbull 11_ t -
bullbullbullbulld _ JJItInl Ja nI bull U _ fI 7bulla
t -1 1a W
1lt III8UtI a thbull bullbullbullbullbull_ l Utbullbull la tile
_ ell_ a bull
-1 u aU_ 1 ltIUeillue WIr u- Ja catM1te
CItunIl
Sa d_ eampwlUaau __ lit u 1 lie 81-1 a1 -leu or VI_ bull ill Ul It all
u un _ --_ at peUUea1 aal shy
_ It __bull tun eM W tilbullbullbullbullbull1111
(It11) -- 1At 1
tha _ dl_ h ru~
tel - I bullbullW fit __
u wa pauJa _ It hie _ til
ISbullbull M- IeIIa_ lila
u III _ titbullbull I __ lIIdllen __Us 1M
Uu uftly
n Ie __ t bull ve _taU_
~ Uu Jft _ UIl-- tll_ staa-k
(12) ntlltl-- tU wan tvu at u ft bull _ b (1_) MIl
n ttl II Clatholad u _ bullbull t-- II -u-1 lawIl u_ Uvel
I 1a t tha 0 nllp_ nU
u1 dlffteu1U te A 11 ft th (0_ 1) bullbullu 111 Ie __
briefl til ~ lda flit ___bull leUtlshy
1 na _11bull lite -lUUet r NI1t1_ bull
to dudI dt18u1t ~
(1161) u _DUlti Ita atudl_ w tile bull -l1 _u lIIdr
- tudy ill _tit nil tIel1i the eue__
tlltIII he t IP hi theeI) atItJ1_ liIIDe
tn 1e bull _ CIIthell pleat 11a
_ cathoU___ 11 a teHt ta _ bull
tatuUbullbullshy tl the dbullbulld bull 11_
-tdaI It 1n the __ poundIIhU Ounh hila
13
Th v~iabl 0 age nd duction w~ chobullbulln bullbull th 0 pa~ticulu int~bullbullt Th popultion ra whioh the bullbullpl in the
p~bullbulllIftt tudy i dnwn oonit 0 -11 parthbullbull d bullbulloh paih
contin popl 0 11 age and ductional lvlbullbullinc the~ i only
on p~ih in ach loction Thue th~ i no pobullbullibi1ity 0 peop1
g on duotional 1vl o~ ag lvl wo~hipp1ng and int~acting bullbull
bull bullbullprat ~l1g1au group The popultiDn thu to bbullbull auitabl
on in which to t bullbullt the hypathbullbulli that ligioubullbullttitudbullbull v~y w1th
age nd duction
sbullbullbulltudibullbullbull~ piW only t givn ta Stau~middot (1955)
tudy 0 cCa~thyi_ and r ting~ Rick and Sohchw (156)
tudy 0 ~ligiou c~ii could only b dona t tibullbullbull when the ph_
to b invbullbullt1gtd o~ed t~bullbulllvaa to the ob~v Today tu~o11
ov~ changbullbull in the II Ctho1ic C~ch to o~ thi typo
oppo~tun1ty to the pnt ~bullbullbullbull~ch~ Chang i the tt~ 0 g~t bullbullt
concm in the Catholic Chu~ch t pnt Ctwt will b optionally
dfined ro~ the pu~_ 0 thi invbullbulltigtion bullbull any a1t~1ng or beli
o~ practic aong catholic that ha takn p1c 1n the pbullbullt t ty
ybullbull~ o~ i bullbullted o~ the o~bullbullabl utu~bullbull
Sinc the ch taking plac CDv~ Mfty pha bullbullbull 0 Ctho1ic li
it bullbull conaided pobullbulliIl1 to contNct bullbullcal 0 it ~latd to
thbullbullbull changbullbull and uabullbull p~aanbullbullco~ on thibullbullca1 indicto~
0 hibullbullttitudbullbull t ~ thbullbullbull chang ro~ the pu~pobullbullbull 0 thibullbulltudy
bull 1ib1 w optiona11y dined on who avo~bullbull chang and bull
contrvat1vbullbullbull on who oppobullbullbull chang The 1ib~-conbullbullrvativ
continuUII i otn on wed in rligioubullbullttitud r~ch (Ii 1965)
and i bull ci11y lIPP~opdtbullbullinc HUg10n i l1y conid~d
10
a conaarativa oc1al forc aut thi 1 not ly true and religiau
backing 1 otten g1 to libeNl and rad1cal c_d 01 udl chWlO
It bullbullbull conaldarad of pnctieal nd theoretical intet to dtlII1 if
hatarogenalty 0 ttltuda toward elliou obJact exlted in ordinay
0DnOrtion corying IIlth ag and aducation If 0 thi would
relat ralilau attitud to thobullbull ound In other ar Of nuan 11a
n i thue the nl pua 0 hibullbulltucly to clIPitaU tha
preat crl1bullbull c~a -thln tha ~n Clic Church and data~e
i l1011U attituda do ind vary in ralation to a MCI acIuoaUon
It cana1drecl d bullbulllr~a to hold tha dr 0 raliiaue
ailiation and Uta Ie actor abullbullttlltl _ pbullbulllItl to teat I htl that th i ariatl wi thl -snaU_l popu1aU
Thi 1 accaplihad ~y bullbull1otlng a population or retUlarly churchmiddot
ttandlng Catholic Peopl 0- labal t~lea a Catholic --Ply
baaauaa c1a pau or ~cauaa 0 tradltiGMl aaeealaUo
thll aa11y with the Cathollc Church IUGh aUlatiM eM haldly ~
acceptllCl aa a I_t or tlUlt Church rattl 1 aac-Rc or
Cathollc bal1e and pneUo To 1M IU chaol a ehch l
population cannot takn pr 0 the Ject t or
MIL llut it at l_t ur that lUI 1 are 1ft touch
wi th the c occurring 1ft the Cahl1c Church and hat Utaa e
have _ io OIl ir liv d hence ar 1 u tIt_ at l bullbullt
In aft aanae 0 the te
statiUoaUy lJlllti the populatlon tie chWoh-attandera do
rave or tII vari_l11y that would ~ lUnd it he papulation
1 del a oiU 0 anyone who Oh the lallNtl 0 Catholic lut thibullbullWely 1 not ifttareatad ln rl1iy t attitud_
11
that lie u 11middot lIIIIk 1M
th4I It _ 1t1a M
IIau _11 VII1yent11 al n
__ UM fill bullbullbullbullbull
the of bullbullbull __ a_ _ _VtI u 1a _ _
_ catMUe JU1l1 till _ t_
aW
I MLlIICf
uu ta tuIIy abe r_ fit
at _II bull lell Ill It e
_u leila (1_)bull
bull Ii bullbullbullbull -- e __ IIUl 1bullbulltI iAtt bullbullbull __ (II Ia) ruu I Ill bullbullbull JMiwitlual _1 IdbullbullIt _ (p_
bull tud1 ell _ fill
1 bullbull11 _ IIIIB leU (I)
bull tuIIy 1 thU Cdtu_
thtIl ~ 1UaUea _ 1 __ de u_ bull cw (1 lis n_tat_ bull _ ~I
11 bullbull_tIbull N lieU __ t ad_ ia
U _ of the - cathu 1
-al t -u vI -1c1aI
t I bullbull 111 Itt cau poundMacIft lleDt tItle
~ d t h1e a1_
16
-- 1 __ lIeUa tha bullbullbullbullbull will lie
ale __ _ ____
Iel and 1~eto (1965) elM PDIt that Ute gnup lp
or the ilMnt Mould be ken lA_ 1ft _~tude ah
They ehawed tha JMta ~ to lawft ~ bullbullPI bull
(bullbulltal deairab111ty) and L (Ua) _1_ heR ttlbullbullI1-nt_ a
cauouc 1t traquo MAtIld ~lt bullbull IMotOh then he
la Accen1ng It thia tudy - adaln1aU 0 h tna~t
by a 11_t -ould both helIt iM thbullbullaUaldl1ty h
8IIIt CllDUiINt______in U u_ IIh1I1
CMAmlll
I Il1MODI - HIT 1
ml f It shyThe ~ 11 aU lie ounlRM 1
~ bullbull ___ ~ 1 -la 1ft the pu 111 nMlv _ Me
tutu bullu _ an1 will he
at h _ Al1_ Ml (1161) __ tn
u lilt nUU __ 1_ bull
a1 _ uu u - _v - - The pUM n bullbullbull _ PllMI11
s- 1 __ 1eWM _we ca
wI Uu_ _
at bullbullbullbullbullbull
lle bullbullbullntt bullbull W leW bull _ _ _
1___Uwa1 bullbullbullbullbullbull 1 he 1eahtaJ Uta __~
-Uuel bullbull_1 1 All 1 bull
111bullbull1 an MIa In ie
- Catlu cane 1ft U
1ft to W
_ t at u_ _ at u
11
mal tN _a AU tile
1 1ft thla e bull u bullt - tba or the
u __ fit 1Mt At Ut U the lUI t JuI n - hit dl__ ( lN1) 1111_
tnIlllllllJe _ alAe _tIl tWI 1ft dIdIIt
Ill 1 hi
W m they fit _t ~
u-au_ TN_ _ 101
I 1INUMd ampb _Ill II pel _U
_111 ~_ -1 _ In
he u- __ 1 ampII
- A 11_ the - _ 1 11 III _ h
- aa he
1 bPl _ u
lftIIIII fA ple
V cal __ - tutu 01
1IIdamp rtan tie bullbull or CltNl_ 1ft
bullbullbullbullM MUM --_
It _ bullbullbullbullbull ta _ 1Ile ull 1111
_til the 1 11 1ft eteh
U tMIlftIII Illcuit 81th
IIltly U lhatl bull ___ IIJ he r
I bull
a hen tid u tNnr
1- - dun __ _
-
Cathllll or al 1tIheIt 11 II -r shy_111M lap _ne
Oft hi 1 _1M _
1M 18 - _t __ lI1ruu
IIlll-Mlr nNaU h Md _ bullbullbull round to be _
(eo ~ ta _ NUl) eh
bull -Ill - - - r --t thin 1- 1111 rtl1 r he _
to 0 wil Nt U uat11
_ Ie ~ th_ hln _ _ u-I tdth bull WhIt to ttl l _ iii
1Ml 1 Chunh 18tV111 hbullbullbull_ All he 1_ eleaed -s Iftla In V h cU eW
Oft bull - II1Iu1al r
bullUIIy or -- 1_ (1 3 I _ 20T I lI 1bullbull 16 17 II
I nrua) ntUhIIII u bIlinl ~ - CUMll
Chunh The IIhu (It 1 It 6bullbullt 10 U U II I)
to ttl I bullbull tal cell
Chi_ hi 1-middot plaeed -l8JIea w tbu
10
_ - tiN
11bullbull1 a _ _ _- n () -1 tie _ bull 11
______hi bullbullbullbullbull _hi all__ JaI bull
_ nt (au tNII C
__ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullat _ taIIlil
I eu nbullbull Ml ___
a - Ilut - _ tMN JM1 _ and
-1 til ~ - bull I shy
abullbull IIM UIIt til h
rbullbull bullbull IIbullbull
I ___ 1II1et WIIl _ it_ -l nI
IIu 11 III - tN 11
_ al W I ilia Nt SIal M
ltI -d 1D Ud at au _
-111 s UIuIl _ lie autleWl 1M MUM
bull bullbullbull 1_ - _
_ at AU 1ft 1 of -
U _ ~ _tal petntSamp1 _
_ W ~bullbulld plPi_ in
tN Nel fit ~ he caubullbull n bullbullbull11 the 1M th _
t21 L ~ fMM - w_ fit (1) bullbullau _
21
itbout chng to p~t good dicrilnatlon alone the liberalshy
conervativ continuua ror pl In the rea or clrical dieiplinbull
ny Catholic ar eoncrnd with the prbullbullbullnt harta9 or clr9Y In
Catholic prih Thi uaually ratbullbullbull the quatian at clarical
clibcy Three it (2 11 and 15) perltt the rbullbullpondant to
diacrilnate bull 11ttle In 111 attitude toward hi tutUI ching Ite
11 bullbullrly ak it the chang to rrid clrlY 1bullbullIreable to the
rbullbullpendant It 2 bullbullk ir bull r bullbullpondnt thinka thi chang would rbullbullu1t
in lood bullbullrvic to peepl It 15 ineerpotbullbull the bullbullt rrquant
oent in the rirt two pilot tudibullbull whioh iapUbullbull tht thi chang
to nld clrgy llight raul t in battr bullbullrvic baerried
clrgy would hv bttr inaight into rly lir It i rbl to
ua tht bull preon ight ccapt bull chang to bull nid olrlY van
though bdobullbull not rbullbullbullbullbull it bullbull rbullbullu1ting in _d or bttr bullbullrvic but
bullbullrly beubullbull h d It noy to the bullbullitanc or the Churoh bullbull
h k it Hbullbullilht 10 think _nid clrgy auld 11v bttbullbull
bullbullbullvic or llight nat H could 10 think bullbullrried clrgy would liv
ltettr bullbullrvio but prrr the clibat olrlY h hebull awn cautDaad to
Thue 11 thr it hlp dicrillit bullbull r~ntmiddotbullbullttitud taad
thi chantbullbull
Th caaaant or dir r antbullbull180 indicted _ canebullbulln
over the poalUon cr woan in the Chuch T_ itbullbull tap thibullbull1bullbull cr
change It 1 chck the pandentmiddot tUtude to_rd bull intbullbulll
paUcipaUon by _en in worhlp nd it 15 chck hibullbulltUtUde toward
bull rl clrgy
It 16 and 18 both chok the bullbullbullpendant attitude t 1d the
ua_ of uthorlty in the Churoh Itaa 9 10 and 12 are all concrned
22
wi In hip U_ in he ChINh 1- 4 If 14
en bull __ _th he 1IffId1dU_ r the _ 111
Ute w ubullbullr u Ctweh all ani u hM
_ tile da 11bull CetMllM
th- tit~ _tdtIen W bull -Ia _
_ 1ft CNIlJ Ua ha en a _ I he
CltNIUL
f1M1 n lfI 1M Thl lnal _all _ leld Me lay -1At 11_ to 6U Calhal1M
~ vial 1A _1 parllh in I -n aagon au
DOIIPlated U 111 the allot tJu __1tIg tohl
II1ddla or tttl 111bullbull and _ __ -kad for a
~rr or tl rtlilU1ta
A epllt-halr nllelAlUbullbullaJG1ant Gtd tor the de
obtaineG nil heM tiO ta and _ tllUftd to be A co~relaU_
an thl uwn and t hal the 1Dampl __MIt
_ampI ou_ t bl ill
II IETMIDI NIT 11
Th Catall adahop ~I 1 tact
_1_ ta thl ftMa to any ar $tsa palJt 0 hI ____
the Itudy The filioo_ t lMIIJcI _ 0 catam 0
-J bull t 32 auINRlta _ parun ar he pa-__ Ira _U
1- than 20 tU ut ttbullbull fa bull la1 peJah_ and the
lan1 deAlcted that bull tnUfia_Una lan would orbullbull
23
bettr bull 1 or the population Th parihs wer dlvided into thr
group (1 - 200 rtltbullbull 201 - 00 r-111bullbull and 401 - 600 raillbullbull )
Dna parih each rroa the two larger group and our aall pariaha wr
randoaly bullbulllactad a the pl or par1h to bbullbullurv~ad Thue tha
ubJect contitut a randaa stretirid ple or the church-going
population or the R Catholic D10c of BIIcr Sinc thre 1 only
one Catholic paih in the bullbull1 town and ciUbullbull or E_tern OnIOn all
church10ing Catholic or th1 ara ar OlOad to worhip together thus
abullbulluring the bullbuller1llntr t t the vadablbullbull or 1Ig and ducation will
b rairly rprntativ or the entir Catholic population or the ar
The experientr a Cathol1c pribullbullt orrioiated at the regular
Sunday erv1cbullbull or the padshbullbull included in the ple During the tibullbull
in tha service regularly devoted to a eran he aked the u~r to pa
out copis or the attitude acale and pencil to bar or the
congregation Arter thbullbullbull -d been distributed the Eucpedantar read
the introductory paragraph or the quUonnair to the congregation H
requeted thelr cooplation in coapltiO the it and orr8led to
anwer any quetion when the elvice over Tanty ainut war
allotad to the subject ror coaplation of ttle attitude cal The
bullbullrvice _ concluded in the usual annel and the ePerinter anred
any quetion that c up
A and EdypaUal Lbullbulll bull
for the purpo anal ying the data or the tudy the ubJectbull
bullbullre dividd into thrbullbull aoe IIOUP and rour ducation 11OUP thus
living a _trix 0 t_lv call The age IIOUPbullbullbullr (1) Jct
24
btn IS-30 yar 0 ao (2) eubJaot btn 31-50 yar (3)
ubJct 51 yn 0 or oldr Thi dlvllon baed uan bullbullvnI
conidration ThbullbullubJeot in the irt ege group have lived aot or
thair livbullbull in a changing Catholic Church It i bullbull~acted that they
will be Muoh more accpting 0 change then the other groupbullbullince changa
1 1bullbullbull unuual to th Tha ubJact In the bullbullcand group havs pant
01 or their live in bull Church that did little changing end hence are
expected to b 1bullbullbull accepting Dr chang The third group Ul hava
pnt Much ora t1bullbull than ither 0 tha other group in an unchanging
rligiou atbullbullpher It i bullbull~ected that thy wiU b the t
conervativ group
The division 0 ducation into our lvelbullbullbullbullbullbulld the 8Ot
p~tical ro tha tandpoint at the gneral population to bbullbullurvayd
Gradbullbullchool high chaol __ ooUaobullbull Md a caplatad tour yaar
oollg education bullbullra oanaidred tha aibullbullt diviion to k in our
population aina they ak undratandable diviiona 01 the rapandania
lind each lavl oanUtutbullbull an appreciabl aducational dierenca Ya
at chool caplstad thue conatitutesour oparational dtinitian or
education
III PREOICTIONS
In the lioht 0 tha previous diacu ion and tha r bullbullult at tha
pilot tucUbullbull the allowing pred1ctiona bullbullre _dbullbull
1 Scarbullbull an the prbullbullant hal a the acale will b highr than
acorbullbull on the utuw halt Thi prdiction t bullbullted ith a tet
ror correlated data
2 Younger Catholic bullbullUl tend to be 01 liberal or accepting
25
tit _ A rtAun MIl ttl caul
latlaa _ ~ toe teet 1 ypo
J eav11bullbullbull111 Ie -_ r _
to u will with 1_ renal A _rn1eUon _
t w hy~bullbull
DtAPTII 111
TIIIIIle 1 vee the __ bull bullhe tUIIa Mample
bull bullbull1 lPtti A tnIl
lQM hi aW- II lO1S
_ ubullbullIe n leta _ bull
TM _ _ the -1 21
to iIIplrl _ the ~ _ bullbull _- p1Me
NI ten h
TIIIJ1e 1 v t 14 iD tile bull AVi tnI UlnaIbullbulldbullbull
aIl TNwe a I
hiIhl ~ tie Thi moa - cauu u ~
__u VIan U Ie The
bull _ MI a lea _
u- tee __ tqb
TM _ 1A TIIIIla 1 II at t _ u Uta _ 1M U ten_
- -
27
TAamppound J
bullbullEI or II POt DUCATl IIOUP
IIAI bull ntl anl1l8r 8CampI
Old ~ (a bull raquoa)(ft bull 113) (bullbull m)
middot ~~--~~~ - r---~~~ 2-l i I
~ i ~ ~ I )~--middot~---iimiddotmiddot---~~~middot~_~_~middotn i
I j II UI I bull III I n 11- i bull 124 I bull 111bull bull 84 I
~ 1
_-------middot4---middotmiddotmiddot_middot+------1
~ bull-1 n
bull bull 111 bull bull 116bull 10
-bull bull 121
1
(n bull UI)
shy
1
(a bull 3-)
cu (bullbull 2U)
bull mmiddot CoU
(a bull 17)
In fig 1 the mean IIOOfeamp or eech educUonal grC1lp 18 plotld
c)gd not dye Lowr scures middotIe indio gtl1vn of conE1rvatislII 8nll h bull gher
soor~s of 11b8ld eta Of groilolr cceptfnc1 of ot) nge Hmiddot~ d t et(JW b
tlf900 tOWfO mo EG libel 1 tti tUt19sin youngt respondentG 19
mi((UfII-gIH t~iQr 9croo1 gredudtas were just eligrtly more LblSral t n
tc younger ligl school QridIJt~S The corrsltion btlDaan 8core8 on
tilm dtitude 8cle finc -g9 was 51 Ulhich is atntist~cll) signifLclnt
t ttlpound bull 11 lsvsl TrG corrailttion between accres on tre attitud~3 scel~
1)nd age wlth educaration prtialled aut was 36 TNa younglill pelOjlla sro
SEHn to bs signlficanU) more accepting 01 change ttln older people
In fig 1 tt-a tH8n COrliS or each gloup ale plott td Il9Ilnet
th~ four Qduc~1tionEll 18113 Thli trend toward l1Il rEt liberal attitiJdo6
wi t ncroiJsnr F1iJCation is slimn in thfll graph Tta eorriltloUon butween
scar on tI~ GCelA ana echoicbull tion 118$ bull ti wlch is 8ignifiCtlnt (tt the
Jl lEtllel n~ corrsl~t1on betwgon scor on ttt~ IICel ~nd f4duQtton
lIIitt ugo pltrtiall~d out lIIes 3amp Thue edUcation is e~n to bil
signifiesntly relatQd to aecfgtptftMC8 at cr~ngo more aduc tad rlJsjJondpnts
tanding to ecclpt ctangua molS r9i11dil) th~in lee oducated 0098
Ttfl date Indice ted t~ilt tlere was no CIOfInlEltion bt~ttl1m1n )gc QItd
sducation (I -db) t Impling no overlap 1n the variance aoountilc for
by the two voriablas 80 a multiple R was computed The ~ultiple R
between 8cores on the acale and E)ge and education was bullbulla About 16
of the variance on ttese 8cores is trus predictablo from age and
education
A 1 test using the formula for carrelatad observations I UlliS done
on t9 deta from the future nd present t1Bllles of tg sc-ale T-e
bullbull
29
-~---------=l GJ8d Schaal bull 6 High School 0- __0
S COlla amiddotmiddotmiddota i
4 yra Collage bull ibull
G_ Amiddot 7- 0
bull bull - - 0 JI bullbull bull N
a
laquo
Old 1l1ddla
AGE
riquE 1 Ian acorbullbull on the attitude Bcele or the foul lIducaUone1 lavl plotted againet eg The highsr ths cors on the aeale the are liberal 01 accepting or change are the reapondenta
lJ
Did Jj a dIIle 0 0 Yatal Il- --D
11
bull
1 2 3
poundDUCATIObullbullL~V[LS
1M a bull _ne the ttltwde elbullbullr th thne poupe plt1M11 lwl The hlp Uw _ on the ele the _n 111 01 --URe or h nepond_e
31
1 - oMbullbullbull 36~)l (p lt 111) 1ndl0U auort tor th hypol
that Cthollcbullbullre _rbullbullcoepting or chabullbull alrdy lMt1 tutad than
they 1 of future hypothlzd chang
U lOR IlOllDUAL nos
S ot the 1t_ in the ttltudbullbullcalbullbullr8 ot bullbulldl Intt
btlcauae thf rtl~ot tUtudU r bull IMt iltpartnett in th
Cetllo110 Churgt todey Itbullbull 6 11 13 end 16 hev be n anAlyzlld
IIDrtl ull y than thtt othr And 1 preted 1n th U1 our
fgur to how th ulte In tr d taU ttaaa 6 11 and 13
wre ~ the uture pert 0 the 8cal and it 16 1 the prt
pert 0 th ace1
lba t
f lIUr8 3 the pnta or Meh I Ihel 111 th 1t_
bull (Dlvo-rrr1d Ctho1icbullbullhou1d b p~tted to raciv the
bullbullonu illy C-uon van though thlr bullbullaond urlbullbullbull
1 inval1d according to na~al tndard) Ovral 61 ot the
r bullbullpond t bullbullbullreed that 01 involved ln invalld 111hould
bbullbull11_0 to rbullbulliv the aat rlgur 3 that ln ach
group at l t ~a~ ot the repond ahaI thl preibullbulliv attltudbullbull
In the youngr ana _1 educatd lrouP _lIIOt 7b~ or ttl raepondant bull
bull xpl dlt with pnnt polley Svnty-toUl IGent or th
rnat wlth a 0011 eduoat1an agreed to bull changbullbullbull d1d 68)11 0 th r8apondant undr thirty y or bullbullbullbull
32
Old Yaung
I~-- -gt- bullbullbull
56~ 5~
- 1
7t~ ~ ~
f
_IDIUJ fiayenr 3 Thl pen_tag 1n ROh II 1-inI _th It 6 J_ 6 Dlvolc- llbd Catha110bull bull haul It t Icl n aact ( otal1r -Uftlon) bull theulh nll bullbull cencI_1 1 bull lavU aoollldl to --
Gbullbull SohaDl
Call
33
DIIl1 rl 4 vee theu1t 0 the VllY itbull U (PII
ehould _t U ta _fty) OvU 57j or the ehUloh
Cthollbullbull 1ft 1 bullbulltud) Ind1oat that th dl with the Cethol1
ChulGhf poUe) 0 bullbull1J_ 0 h al St __ 0 th IIhUlGh _th bull 1tecI DOn aU_ 111 w1~
t pall SJn 1M 0 h young - dl
with t polla) ~ the yaur Cathctll0 wih bull DOll
eduoatlon ~ dlred wlh th 01011 polle
Hau (leuI 5 tivu Ue peentege 1ft -h tIlI wUh
It_ 13 (__ t VI all__ 0 I bullbullU) A t
mt dl wlth hi U 1 eu t be yl that h would
1n evo 0 heving _1 aly Jn the Cthta1la Chunn uno to 81_
wlth th Ita bullbull p 1 to vo the prt peltAl i al
th data thet the bullbullt _Jult 0 to accept prlbullbull at hI U OwaU 16 C d with the
lOhl~ltlon 0 1 al) Thl t-wo proan or hdeft with a eoU eductaU 1I1d with he plOhUalUan 0 _11ft pl bullbull
EducaUan bull- to IIbullbull Ill to In eooep 0 __ pllbullbull
heft
ll a (1 6 V hlta D th MI_ on 1- 11 (To a
catholl0 It 1 ft to ta1n an ye 0 U elel nh
cantHI dvlo end the W th aontnl pill) Th data h at
34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
- Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and practices correlated with age and education
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6
It IICIM _ ani
ltw _lal u 111 bull _hibull
1Una n -1 in --
an 11 _Uett __ __tIht_ help in
bull 1 bullbullbull- ll _til la
II) 1 _ wl tit - n toIMJ -lC _
w lad _ u_ 1 alwaUaa
HI __1 _ II aU Ut1e _lt1l -uti- tIM __ Ult
~ (1dI_ al HIO)
A f _ ttlw
bull bullbull11 __ _ bullbull1
_ __ Itl I ttthl bullbull laW
) Ie bullbull -Jitle-
__1 te_ bull til -11tshy
sa re aU 1M n IIAe
u _ IRI y1_ 1 dt
_ u uaa la 1Id
- fit _
_ til at all u 8 _ 1 om - altieal or N _ bullbullbullbull
1a te t u dI ult1thlR
1
Chdau ehunh _1 Ja u III a
1 bullbullbullbull-iftI tU 1M _t-iaUu 1IIel11111-- U_ aN lautt
trr the 11111 1 - n Aibullbull1 I _ aM
___ Ie tit _ ua ~ u pea
_11fbullbullbull bull __ 111 al 111 at bull
auv It 1e aU- _111
~ _ aw (1M2) bullbullad
-1 ~pat 11-_ _ 1ft ill tuIIy
__Ill
1MIebullbull_ wi _ -181 __ ~
Ie - 1IlUtl shy
Ute 1bull a __ I bullbullbull __ at au_ TIlle Itt_ ul us -
ua _ 11111 ur a lipid -_ 1 _ at I ~ 1
1 _ _~ __0 I aM 11bullbull 1ft
_ly Qdha110 a UICt1y 1a Utleal
bull -uu vUt1aJ I 170 _ Ute
or -l U bullbulllee Ud
LE bullbull1_ _ U rabull
bull U-1 1II8llUea1 er ct _
UU_ the _ t _ -urbull the _ -111 tit 1aU_ C1 U _
_ t~ ia bull hiuU
bull
bull Dull (1169) bullbullbull_ - _
_ _ the -l canebullbull - 1IIdel ~ JaIl
Slshy Uv _ cut_
I Ia bullbullbull VI2I1 _W N ___ bullbullPAI II 1IItJ_1 11_ IUln Iot _ the 1 tINt IIbull rat bullt _u-l 4SU bull _ bull bullbullbullbullbullft41 fII ~ bullbullbull1 bull _ill bullbullrlbullbullbull _tAlA hili III 1amp vbulla C _ra _ cu II h tide al ello bullbull bull bullbullbull jteUMI 1etIlM r I - _ul1 ad cttU 1 _ _ lJaI lUAlMll C_ (p 1ft)bull
__ _ fit ff1Au1 Alll
u t _ _ _ _al_
lIa It cttUa _ ~
efl bull cl ttlbull bull u _ fII _ __ It in the Ill CI IDlnR cau _ II __ _ __ ea __ -- 1lIeU WtHU P _ 1 of llllUat Ute III _ tile - _ u u bullbullbullbull1__ u tIIua la of u _ _Ie itt aubull u bull bullbullUb tltSe bullbull w M I11 _ _ el__U rashyt cbullbull)
- t 01 cau or wth ell tIltII tit -tal
u I ___ ampeIl- bullbullbullbullbull bull ft _ _ Ute bullbullbullIal ttI
(ItO) _It_ tit _ r bull u-
_ cata1kl_ r ial MI l _ __
the rena or ur 1tl-1 _
T UftCu_ lflaftUFlU etMlf can atullito -1) tIMlla ttt _Dla _ by ttta 11bull 1M cUrt t 1a DaU ft _atoleMl au_ II bU _tbu athbull a at middotU _ Ubullbullbull 111-1 til I bull-1tva ta hn 1_- t bull aun do __tuft fII Cetttel181aabull _ tlly 0middot the ctftaU Ctt la 1M 1ft bullbull ftde ot ita U1_ fillbull ua n Cabullbulllie Qwnb _ _Ub peUUal JIIln _ Will ___ CeHmiddot _ teI laUMII aybull pl 1 U ashy Ja ur ianbullbullbullIf rau w the ne lob -Uti- I bull oul ala _ uu lewd_ Ie raew De tha btalp Uu Cathell Jtlursu_ t _ __
__ Catllelt8 cma UIceU
ttw_ rabullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull 1Me 1 _
Ie tlOftll Jaftmiddot the at-Ullft ( 101) bull
1lU ca1 a the 11 U IIIIlAIW
ala1ll alUlauF _ _I-a ) 1Ml1Md lWI
III MD dUCATI lit IICIIL AlIt) 1EUtIIbullbull A1fmtlll
a t __ 1 - --Uta- bullbull nlaUaattip t at
_ law_uaa _th nU 1a
ta ~ wiUl It I -JHUve aeoid lie
raquo -It _ MtatRl W _ at __
~ or 11111- leU 1
lIeUs- -- nUt1- - shy
1dta1 bullbull Ue MIl _tal 11
tftalel1ll - F title ___ 111 laWaet w ~_ tile ulllltlbull U_ till _
eU ~t u _ bullbullbullbullt __ _lal
-- -~
_a u _ 1Iut lute aU_ a _ U_
la _ bullbullbullbull181 _deIaIa fa Ute ~ __
Ie aU fit - Uta AU 111 til
u u _ bullm aM _
ampII II UtI
y Ie lNIl-a
wiU _ It 1 _uti 1111)
Cl1 (UII) t __ ta ll I li11
thH 11111 lie middotmiddot1Atl__d to bullbullbullbull tl1a poUUl
11 01_ he II III tIda Ie
bull u bullbullbullbull II c (INI)
tIIebull -J ~
11
tlaat sa iM W II
-a ampttl- JIl eWebull
- 1_ 1 Ja U 11 aItI
pbullbullle de 1 s err _ 1_ ~bullbull 1913)
11debullbull __ bullbullbullbull t bull u at 11 ca lSI)bull
1 (1111) bullbullbullbullbullbull 11_ t -
bullbullbullbulld _ JJItInl Ja nI bull U _ fI 7bulla
t -1 1a W
1lt III8UtI a thbull bullbullbullbullbull_ l Utbullbull la tile
_ ell_ a bull
-1 u aU_ 1 ltIUeillue WIr u- Ja catM1te
CItunIl
Sa d_ eampwlUaau __ lit u 1 lie 81-1 a1 -leu or VI_ bull ill Ul It all
u un _ --_ at peUUea1 aal shy
_ It __bull tun eM W tilbullbullbullbullbull1111
(It11) -- 1At 1
tha _ dl_ h ru~
tel - I bullbullW fit __
u wa pauJa _ It hie _ til
ISbullbull M- IeIIa_ lila
u III _ titbullbull I __ lIIdllen __Us 1M
Uu uftly
n Ie __ t bull ve _taU_
~ Uu Jft _ UIl-- tll_ staa-k
(12) ntlltl-- tU wan tvu at u ft bull _ b (1_) MIl
n ttl II Clatholad u _ bullbull t-- II -u-1 lawIl u_ Uvel
I 1a t tha 0 nllp_ nU
u1 dlffteu1U te A 11 ft th (0_ 1) bullbullu 111 Ie __
briefl til ~ lda flit ___bull leUtlshy
1 na _11bull lite -lUUet r NI1t1_ bull
to dudI dt18u1t ~
(1161) u _DUlti Ita atudl_ w tile bull -l1 _u lIIdr
- tudy ill _tit nil tIel1i the eue__
tlltIII he t IP hi theeI) atItJ1_ liIIDe
tn 1e bull _ CIIthell pleat 11a
_ cathoU___ 11 a teHt ta _ bull
tatuUbullbullshy tl the dbullbulld bull 11_
-tdaI It 1n the __ poundIIhU Ounh hila
13
Th v~iabl 0 age nd duction w~ chobullbulln bullbull th 0 pa~ticulu int~bullbullt Th popultion ra whioh the bullbullpl in the
p~bullbulllIftt tudy i dnwn oonit 0 -11 parthbullbull d bullbulloh paih
contin popl 0 11 age and ductional lvlbullbullinc the~ i only
on p~ih in ach loction Thue th~ i no pobullbullibi1ity 0 peop1
g on duotional 1vl o~ ag lvl wo~hipp1ng and int~acting bullbull
bull bullbullprat ~l1g1au group The popultiDn thu to bbullbull auitabl
on in which to t bullbullt the hypathbullbulli that ligioubullbullttitudbullbull v~y w1th
age nd duction
sbullbullbulltudibullbullbull~ piW only t givn ta Stau~middot (1955)
tudy 0 cCa~thyi_ and r ting~ Rick and Sohchw (156)
tudy 0 ~ligiou c~ii could only b dona t tibullbullbull when the ph_
to b invbullbullt1gtd o~ed t~bullbulllvaa to the ob~v Today tu~o11
ov~ changbullbull in the II Ctho1ic C~ch to o~ thi typo
oppo~tun1ty to the pnt ~bullbullbullbull~ch~ Chang i the tt~ 0 g~t bullbullt
concm in the Catholic Chu~ch t pnt Ctwt will b optionally
dfined ro~ the pu~_ 0 thi invbullbulltigtion bullbull any a1t~1ng or beli
o~ practic aong catholic that ha takn p1c 1n the pbullbullt t ty
ybullbull~ o~ i bullbullted o~ the o~bullbullabl utu~bullbull
Sinc the ch taking plac CDv~ Mfty pha bullbullbull 0 Ctho1ic li
it bullbull conaided pobullbulliIl1 to contNct bullbullcal 0 it ~latd to
thbullbullbull changbullbull and uabullbull p~aanbullbullco~ on thibullbullca1 indicto~
0 hibullbullttitudbullbull t ~ thbullbullbull chang ro~ the pu~pobullbullbull 0 thibullbulltudy
bull 1ib1 w optiona11y dined on who avo~bullbull chang and bull
contrvat1vbullbullbull on who oppobullbullbull chang The 1ib~-conbullbullrvativ
continuUII i otn on wed in rligioubullbullttitud r~ch (Ii 1965)
and i bull ci11y lIPP~opdtbullbullinc HUg10n i l1y conid~d
10
a conaarativa oc1al forc aut thi 1 not ly true and religiau
backing 1 otten g1 to libeNl and rad1cal c_d 01 udl chWlO
It bullbullbull conaldarad of pnctieal nd theoretical intet to dtlII1 if
hatarogenalty 0 ttltuda toward elliou obJact exlted in ordinay
0DnOrtion corying IIlth ag and aducation If 0 thi would
relat ralilau attitud to thobullbull ound In other ar Of nuan 11a
n i thue the nl pua 0 hibullbulltucly to clIPitaU tha
preat crl1bullbull c~a -thln tha ~n Clic Church and data~e
i l1011U attituda do ind vary in ralation to a MCI acIuoaUon
It cana1drecl d bullbulllr~a to hold tha dr 0 raliiaue
ailiation and Uta Ie actor abullbullttlltl _ pbullbulllItl to teat I htl that th i ariatl wi thl -snaU_l popu1aU
Thi 1 accaplihad ~y bullbull1otlng a population or retUlarly churchmiddot
ttandlng Catholic Peopl 0- labal t~lea a Catholic --Ply
baaauaa c1a pau or ~cauaa 0 tradltiGMl aaeealaUo
thll aa11y with the Cathollc Church IUGh aUlatiM eM haldly ~
acceptllCl aa a I_t or tlUlt Church rattl 1 aac-Rc or
Cathollc bal1e and pneUo To 1M IU chaol a ehch l
population cannot takn pr 0 the Ject t or
MIL llut it at l_t ur that lUI 1 are 1ft touch
wi th the c occurring 1ft the Cahl1c Church and hat Utaa e
have _ io OIl ir liv d hence ar 1 u tIt_ at l bullbullt
In aft aanae 0 the te
statiUoaUy lJlllti the populatlon tie chWoh-attandera do
rave or tII vari_l11y that would ~ lUnd it he papulation
1 del a oiU 0 anyone who Oh the lallNtl 0 Catholic lut thibullbullWely 1 not ifttareatad ln rl1iy t attitud_
11
that lie u 11middot lIIIIk 1M
th4I It _ 1t1a M
IIau _11 VII1yent11 al n
__ UM fill bullbullbullbullbull
the of bullbullbull __ a_ _ _VtI u 1a _ _
_ catMUe JU1l1 till _ t_
aW
I MLlIICf
uu ta tuIIy abe r_ fit
at _II bull lell Ill It e
_u leila (1_)bull
bull Ii bullbullbullbull -- e __ IIUl 1bullbulltI iAtt bullbullbull __ (II Ia) ruu I Ill bullbullbull JMiwitlual _1 IdbullbullIt _ (p_
bull tud1 ell _ fill
1 bullbull11 _ IIIIB leU (I)
bull tuIIy 1 thU Cdtu_
thtIl ~ 1UaUea _ 1 __ de u_ bull cw (1 lis n_tat_ bull _ ~I
11 bullbull_tIbull N lieU __ t ad_ ia
U _ of the - cathu 1
-al t -u vI -1c1aI
t I bullbull 111 Itt cau poundMacIft lleDt tItle
~ d t h1e a1_
16
-- 1 __ lIeUa tha bullbullbullbullbull will lie
ale __ _ ____
Iel and 1~eto (1965) elM PDIt that Ute gnup lp
or the ilMnt Mould be ken lA_ 1ft _~tude ah
They ehawed tha JMta ~ to lawft ~ bullbullPI bull
(bullbulltal deairab111ty) and L (Ua) _1_ heR ttlbullbullI1-nt_ a
cauouc 1t traquo MAtIld ~lt bullbull IMotOh then he
la Accen1ng It thia tudy - adaln1aU 0 h tna~t
by a 11_t -ould both helIt iM thbullbullaUaldl1ty h
8IIIt CllDUiINt______in U u_ IIh1I1
CMAmlll
I Il1MODI - HIT 1
ml f It shyThe ~ 11 aU lie ounlRM 1
~ bullbull ___ ~ 1 -la 1ft the pu 111 nMlv _ Me
tutu bullu _ an1 will he
at h _ Al1_ Ml (1161) __ tn
u lilt nUU __ 1_ bull
a1 _ uu u - _v - - The pUM n bullbullbull _ PllMI11
s- 1 __ 1eWM _we ca
wI Uu_ _
at bullbullbullbullbullbull
lle bullbullbullntt bullbull W leW bull _ _ _
1___Uwa1 bullbullbullbullbullbull 1 he 1eahtaJ Uta __~
-Uuel bullbull_1 1 All 1 bull
111bullbull1 an MIa In ie
- Catlu cane 1ft U
1ft to W
_ t at u_ _ at u
11
mal tN _a AU tile
1 1ft thla e bull u bullt - tba or the
u __ fit 1Mt At Ut U the lUI t JuI n - hit dl__ ( lN1) 1111_
tnIlllllllJe _ alAe _tIl tWI 1ft dIdIIt
Ill 1 hi
W m they fit _t ~
u-au_ TN_ _ 101
I 1INUMd ampb _Ill II pel _U
_111 ~_ -1 _ In
he u- __ 1 ampII
- A 11_ the - _ 1 11 III _ h
- aa he
1 bPl _ u
lftIIIII fA ple
V cal __ - tutu 01
1IIdamp rtan tie bullbull or CltNl_ 1ft
bullbullbullbullM MUM --_
It _ bullbullbullbullbull ta _ 1Ile ull 1111
_til the 1 11 1ft eteh
U tMIlftIII Illcuit 81th
IIltly U lhatl bull ___ IIJ he r
I bull
a hen tid u tNnr
1- - dun __ _
-
Cathllll or al 1tIheIt 11 II -r shy_111M lap _ne
Oft hi 1 _1M _
1M 18 - _t __ lI1ruu
IIlll-Mlr nNaU h Md _ bullbullbull round to be _
(eo ~ ta _ NUl) eh
bull -Ill - - - r --t thin 1- 1111 rtl1 r he _
to 0 wil Nt U uat11
_ Ie ~ th_ hln _ _ u-I tdth bull WhIt to ttl l _ iii
1Ml 1 Chunh 18tV111 hbullbullbull_ All he 1_ eleaed -s Iftla In V h cU eW
Oft bull - II1Iu1al r
bullUIIy or -- 1_ (1 3 I _ 20T I lI 1bullbull 16 17 II
I nrua) ntUhIIII u bIlinl ~ - CUMll
Chunh The IIhu (It 1 It 6bullbullt 10 U U II I)
to ttl I bullbull tal cell
Chi_ hi 1-middot plaeed -l8JIea w tbu
10
_ - tiN
11bullbull1 a _ _ _- n () -1 tie _ bull 11
______hi bullbullbullbullbull _hi all__ JaI bull
_ nt (au tNII C
__ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullat _ taIIlil
I eu nbullbull Ml ___
a - Ilut - _ tMN JM1 _ and
-1 til ~ - bull I shy
abullbull IIM UIIt til h
rbullbull bullbull IIbullbull
I ___ 1II1et WIIl _ it_ -l nI
IIu 11 III - tN 11
_ al W I ilia Nt SIal M
ltI -d 1D Ud at au _
-111 s UIuIl _ lie autleWl 1M MUM
bull bullbullbull 1_ - _
_ at AU 1ft 1 of -
U _ ~ _tal petntSamp1 _
_ W ~bullbulld plPi_ in
tN Nel fit ~ he caubullbull n bullbullbull11 the 1M th _
t21 L ~ fMM - w_ fit (1) bullbullau _
21
itbout chng to p~t good dicrilnatlon alone the liberalshy
conervativ continuua ror pl In the rea or clrical dieiplinbull
ny Catholic ar eoncrnd with the prbullbullbullnt harta9 or clr9Y In
Catholic prih Thi uaually ratbullbullbull the quatian at clarical
clibcy Three it (2 11 and 15) perltt the rbullbullpondant to
diacrilnate bull 11ttle In 111 attitude toward hi tutUI ching Ite
11 bullbullrly ak it the chang to rrid clrlY 1bullbullIreable to the
rbullbullpendant It 2 bullbullk ir bull r bullbullpondnt thinka thi chang would rbullbullu1t
in lood bullbullrvic to peepl It 15 ineerpotbullbull the bullbullt rrquant
oent in the rirt two pilot tudibullbull whioh iapUbullbull tht thi chang
to nld clrgy llight raul t in battr bullbullrvic baerried
clrgy would hv bttr inaight into rly lir It i rbl to
ua tht bull preon ight ccapt bull chang to bull nid olrlY van
though bdobullbull not rbullbullbullbullbull it bullbull rbullbullu1ting in _d or bttr bullbullrvic but
bullbullrly beubullbull h d It noy to the bullbullitanc or the Churoh bullbull
h k it Hbullbullilht 10 think _nid clrgy auld 11v bttbullbull
bullbullbullvic or llight nat H could 10 think bullbullrried clrgy would liv
ltettr bullbullrvio but prrr the clibat olrlY h hebull awn cautDaad to
Thue 11 thr it hlp dicrillit bullbull r~ntmiddotbullbullttitud taad
thi chantbullbull
Th caaaant or dir r antbullbull180 indicted _ canebullbulln
over the poalUon cr woan in the Chuch T_ itbullbull tap thibullbull1bullbull cr
change It 1 chck the pandentmiddot tUtude to_rd bull intbullbulll
paUcipaUon by _en in worhlp nd it 15 chck hibullbulltUtUde toward
bull rl clrgy
It 16 and 18 both chok the bullbullbullpendant attitude t 1d the
ua_ of uthorlty in the Churoh Itaa 9 10 and 12 are all concrned
22
wi In hip U_ in he ChINh 1- 4 If 14
en bull __ _th he 1IffId1dU_ r the _ 111
Ute w ubullbullr u Ctweh all ani u hM
_ tile da 11bull CetMllM
th- tit~ _tdtIen W bull -Ia _
_ 1ft CNIlJ Ua ha en a _ I he
CltNIUL
f1M1 n lfI 1M Thl lnal _all _ leld Me lay -1At 11_ to 6U Calhal1M
~ vial 1A _1 parllh in I -n aagon au
DOIIPlated U 111 the allot tJu __1tIg tohl
II1ddla or tttl 111bullbull and _ __ -kad for a
~rr or tl rtlilU1ta
A epllt-halr nllelAlUbullbullaJG1ant Gtd tor the de
obtaineG nil heM tiO ta and _ tllUftd to be A co~relaU_
an thl uwn and t hal the 1Dampl __MIt
_ampI ou_ t bl ill
II IETMIDI NIT 11
Th Catall adahop ~I 1 tact
_1_ ta thl ftMa to any ar $tsa palJt 0 hI ____
the Itudy The filioo_ t lMIIJcI _ 0 catam 0
-J bull t 32 auINRlta _ parun ar he pa-__ Ira _U
1- than 20 tU ut ttbullbull fa bull la1 peJah_ and the
lan1 deAlcted that bull tnUfia_Una lan would orbullbull
23
bettr bull 1 or the population Th parihs wer dlvided into thr
group (1 - 200 rtltbullbull 201 - 00 r-111bullbull and 401 - 600 raillbullbull )
Dna parih each rroa the two larger group and our aall pariaha wr
randoaly bullbulllactad a the pl or par1h to bbullbullurv~ad Thue tha
ubJect contitut a randaa stretirid ple or the church-going
population or the R Catholic D10c of BIIcr Sinc thre 1 only
one Catholic paih in the bullbull1 town and ciUbullbull or E_tern OnIOn all
church10ing Catholic or th1 ara ar OlOad to worhip together thus
abullbulluring the bullbuller1llntr t t the vadablbullbull or 1Ig and ducation will
b rairly rprntativ or the entir Catholic population or the ar
The experientr a Cathol1c pribullbullt orrioiated at the regular
Sunday erv1cbullbull or the padshbullbull included in the ple During the tibullbull
in tha service regularly devoted to a eran he aked the u~r to pa
out copis or the attitude acale and pencil to bar or the
congregation Arter thbullbullbull -d been distributed the Eucpedantar read
the introductory paragraph or the quUonnair to the congregation H
requeted thelr cooplation in coapltiO the it and orr8led to
anwer any quetion when the elvice over Tanty ainut war
allotad to the subject ror coaplation of ttle attitude cal The
bullbullrvice _ concluded in the usual annel and the ePerinter anred
any quetion that c up
A and EdypaUal Lbullbulll bull
for the purpo anal ying the data or the tudy the ubJectbull
bullbullre dividd into thrbullbull aoe IIOUP and rour ducation 11OUP thus
living a _trix 0 t_lv call The age IIOUPbullbullbullr (1) Jct
24
btn IS-30 yar 0 ao (2) eubJaot btn 31-50 yar (3)
ubJct 51 yn 0 or oldr Thi dlvllon baed uan bullbullvnI
conidration ThbullbullubJeot in the irt ege group have lived aot or
thair livbullbull in a changing Catholic Church It i bullbull~acted that they
will be Muoh more accpting 0 change then the other groupbullbullince changa
1 1bullbullbull unuual to th Tha ubJact In the bullbullcand group havs pant
01 or their live in bull Church that did little changing end hence are
expected to b 1bullbullbull accepting Dr chang The third group Ul hava
pnt Much ora t1bullbull than ither 0 tha other group in an unchanging
rligiou atbullbullpher It i bullbull~ected that thy wiU b the t
conervativ group
The division 0 ducation into our lvelbullbullbullbullbullbulld the 8Ot
p~tical ro tha tandpoint at the gneral population to bbullbullurvayd
Gradbullbullchool high chaol __ ooUaobullbull Md a caplatad tour yaar
oollg education bullbullra oanaidred tha aibullbullt diviion to k in our
population aina they ak undratandable diviiona 01 the rapandania
lind each lavl oanUtutbullbull an appreciabl aducational dierenca Ya
at chool caplstad thue conatitutesour oparational dtinitian or
education
III PREOICTIONS
In the lioht 0 tha previous diacu ion and tha r bullbullult at tha
pilot tucUbullbull the allowing pred1ctiona bullbullre _dbullbull
1 Scarbullbull an the prbullbullant hal a the acale will b highr than
acorbullbull on the utuw halt Thi prdiction t bullbullted ith a tet
ror correlated data
2 Younger Catholic bullbullUl tend to be 01 liberal or accepting
25
tit _ A rtAun MIl ttl caul
latlaa _ ~ toe teet 1 ypo
J eav11bullbullbull111 Ie -_ r _
to u will with 1_ renal A _rn1eUon _
t w hy~bullbull
DtAPTII 111
TIIIIIle 1 vee the __ bull bullhe tUIIa Mample
bull bullbull1 lPtti A tnIl
lQM hi aW- II lO1S
_ ubullbullIe n leta _ bull
TM _ _ the -1 21
to iIIplrl _ the ~ _ bullbull _- p1Me
NI ten h
TIIIJ1e 1 v t 14 iD tile bull AVi tnI UlnaIbullbulldbullbull
aIl TNwe a I
hiIhl ~ tie Thi moa - cauu u ~
__u VIan U Ie The
bull _ MI a lea _
u- tee __ tqb
TM _ 1A TIIIIla 1 II at t _ u Uta _ 1M U ten_
- -
27
TAamppound J
bullbullEI or II POt DUCATl IIOUP
IIAI bull ntl anl1l8r 8CampI
Old ~ (a bull raquoa)(ft bull 113) (bullbull m)
middot ~~--~~~ - r---~~~ 2-l i I
~ i ~ ~ I )~--middot~---iimiddotmiddot---~~~middot~_~_~middotn i
I j II UI I bull III I n 11- i bull 124 I bull 111bull bull 84 I
~ 1
_-------middot4---middotmiddotmiddot_middot+------1
~ bull-1 n
bull bull 111 bull bull 116bull 10
-bull bull 121
1
(n bull UI)
shy
1
(a bull 3-)
cu (bullbull 2U)
bull mmiddot CoU
(a bull 17)
In fig 1 the mean IIOOfeamp or eech educUonal grC1lp 18 plotld
c)gd not dye Lowr scures middotIe indio gtl1vn of conE1rvatislII 8nll h bull gher
soor~s of 11b8ld eta Of groilolr cceptfnc1 of ot) nge Hmiddot~ d t et(JW b
tlf900 tOWfO mo EG libel 1 tti tUt19sin youngt respondentG 19
mi((UfII-gIH t~iQr 9croo1 gredudtas were just eligrtly more LblSral t n
tc younger ligl school QridIJt~S The corrsltion btlDaan 8core8 on
tilm dtitude 8cle finc -g9 was 51 Ulhich is atntist~cll) signifLclnt
t ttlpound bull 11 lsvsl TrG corrailttion between accres on tre attitud~3 scel~
1)nd age wlth educaration prtialled aut was 36 TNa younglill pelOjlla sro
SEHn to bs signlficanU) more accepting 01 change ttln older people
In fig 1 tt-a tH8n COrliS or each gloup ale plott td Il9Ilnet
th~ four Qduc~1tionEll 18113 Thli trend toward l1Il rEt liberal attitiJdo6
wi t ncroiJsnr F1iJCation is slimn in thfll graph Tta eorriltloUon butween
scar on tI~ GCelA ana echoicbull tion 118$ bull ti wlch is 8ignifiCtlnt (tt the
Jl lEtllel n~ corrsl~t1on betwgon scor on ttt~ IICel ~nd f4duQtton
lIIitt ugo pltrtiall~d out lIIes 3amp Thue edUcation is e~n to bil
signifiesntly relatQd to aecfgtptftMC8 at cr~ngo more aduc tad rlJsjJondpnts
tanding to ecclpt ctangua molS r9i11dil) th~in lee oducated 0098
Ttfl date Indice ted t~ilt tlere was no CIOfInlEltion bt~ttl1m1n )gc QItd
sducation (I -db) t Impling no overlap 1n the variance aoountilc for
by the two voriablas 80 a multiple R was computed The ~ultiple R
between 8cores on the acale and E)ge and education was bullbulla About 16
of the variance on ttese 8cores is trus predictablo from age and
education
A 1 test using the formula for carrelatad observations I UlliS done
on t9 deta from the future nd present t1Bllles of tg sc-ale T-e
bullbull
29
-~---------=l GJ8d Schaal bull 6 High School 0- __0
S COlla amiddotmiddotmiddota i
4 yra Collage bull ibull
G_ Amiddot 7- 0
bull bull - - 0 JI bullbull bull N
a
laquo
Old 1l1ddla
AGE
riquE 1 Ian acorbullbull on the attitude Bcele or the foul lIducaUone1 lavl plotted againet eg The highsr ths cors on the aeale the are liberal 01 accepting or change are the reapondenta
lJ
Did Jj a dIIle 0 0 Yatal Il- --D
11
bull
1 2 3
poundDUCATIObullbullL~V[LS
1M a bull _ne the ttltwde elbullbullr th thne poupe plt1M11 lwl The hlp Uw _ on the ele the _n 111 01 --URe or h nepond_e
31
1 - oMbullbullbull 36~)l (p lt 111) 1ndl0U auort tor th hypol
that Cthollcbullbullre _rbullbullcoepting or chabullbull alrdy lMt1 tutad than
they 1 of future hypothlzd chang
U lOR IlOllDUAL nos
S ot the 1t_ in the ttltudbullbullcalbullbullr8 ot bullbulldl Intt
btlcauae thf rtl~ot tUtudU r bull IMt iltpartnett in th
Cetllo110 Churgt todey Itbullbull 6 11 13 end 16 hev be n anAlyzlld
IIDrtl ull y than thtt othr And 1 preted 1n th U1 our
fgur to how th ulte In tr d taU ttaaa 6 11 and 13
wre ~ the uture pert 0 the 8cal and it 16 1 the prt
pert 0 th ace1
lba t
f lIUr8 3 the pnta or Meh I Ihel 111 th 1t_
bull (Dlvo-rrr1d Ctho1icbullbullhou1d b p~tted to raciv the
bullbullonu illy C-uon van though thlr bullbullaond urlbullbullbull
1 inval1d according to na~al tndard) Ovral 61 ot the
r bullbullpond t bullbullbullreed that 01 involved ln invalld 111hould
bbullbull11_0 to rbullbulliv the aat rlgur 3 that ln ach
group at l t ~a~ ot the repond ahaI thl preibullbulliv attltudbullbull
In the youngr ana _1 educatd lrouP _lIIOt 7b~ or ttl raepondant bull
bull xpl dlt with pnnt polley Svnty-toUl IGent or th
rnat wlth a 0011 eduoat1an agreed to bull changbullbullbull d1d 68)11 0 th r8apondant undr thirty y or bullbullbullbull
32
Old Yaung
I~-- -gt- bullbullbull
56~ 5~
- 1
7t~ ~ ~
f
_IDIUJ fiayenr 3 Thl pen_tag 1n ROh II 1-inI _th It 6 J_ 6 Dlvolc- llbd Catha110bull bull haul It t Icl n aact ( otal1r -Uftlon) bull theulh nll bullbull cencI_1 1 bull lavU aoollldl to --
Gbullbull SohaDl
Call
33
DIIl1 rl 4 vee theu1t 0 the VllY itbull U (PII
ehould _t U ta _fty) OvU 57j or the ehUloh
Cthollbullbull 1ft 1 bullbulltud) Ind1oat that th dl with the Cethol1
ChulGhf poUe) 0 bullbull1J_ 0 h al St __ 0 th IIhUlGh _th bull 1tecI DOn aU_ 111 w1~
t pall SJn 1M 0 h young - dl
with t polla) ~ the yaur Cathctll0 wih bull DOll
eduoatlon ~ dlred wlh th 01011 polle
Hau (leuI 5 tivu Ue peentege 1ft -h tIlI wUh
It_ 13 (__ t VI all__ 0 I bullbullU) A t
mt dl wlth hi U 1 eu t be yl that h would
1n evo 0 heving _1 aly Jn the Cthta1la Chunn uno to 81_
wlth th Ita bullbull p 1 to vo the prt peltAl i al
th data thet the bullbullt _Jult 0 to accept prlbullbull at hI U OwaU 16 C d with the
lOhl~ltlon 0 1 al) Thl t-wo proan or hdeft with a eoU eductaU 1I1d with he plOhUalUan 0 _11ft pl bullbull
EducaUan bull- to IIbullbull Ill to In eooep 0 __ pllbullbull
heft
ll a (1 6 V hlta D th MI_ on 1- 11 (To a
catholl0 It 1 ft to ta1n an ye 0 U elel nh
cantHI dvlo end the W th aontnl pill) Th data h at
34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
- Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and practices correlated with age and education
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1
Chdau ehunh _1 Ja u III a
1 bullbullbullbull-iftI tU 1M _t-iaUu 1IIel11111-- U_ aN lautt
trr the 11111 1 - n Aibullbull1 I _ aM
___ Ie tit _ ua ~ u pea
_11fbullbullbull bull __ 111 al 111 at bull
auv It 1e aU- _111
~ _ aw (1M2) bullbullad
-1 ~pat 11-_ _ 1ft ill tuIIy
__Ill
1MIebullbull_ wi _ -181 __ ~
Ie - 1IlUtl shy
Ute 1bull a __ I bullbullbull __ at au_ TIlle Itt_ ul us -
ua _ 11111 ur a lipid -_ 1 _ at I ~ 1
1 _ _~ __0 I aM 11bullbull 1ft
_ly Qdha110 a UICt1y 1a Utleal
bull -uu vUt1aJ I 170 _ Ute
or -l U bullbulllee Ud
LE bullbull1_ _ U rabull
bull U-1 1II8llUea1 er ct _
UU_ the _ t _ -urbull the _ -111 tit 1aU_ C1 U _
_ t~ ia bull hiuU
bull
bull Dull (1169) bullbullbull_ - _
_ _ the -l canebullbull - 1IIdel ~ JaIl
Slshy Uv _ cut_
I Ia bullbullbull VI2I1 _W N ___ bullbullPAI II 1IItJ_1 11_ IUln Iot _ the 1 tINt IIbull rat bullt _u-l 4SU bull _ bull bullbullbullbullbullft41 fII ~ bullbullbull1 bull _ill bullbullrlbullbullbull _tAlA hili III 1amp vbulla C _ra _ cu II h tide al ello bullbull bull bullbullbull jteUMI 1etIlM r I - _ul1 ad cttU 1 _ _ lJaI lUAlMll C_ (p 1ft)bull
__ _ fit ff1Au1 Alll
u t _ _ _ _al_
lIa It cttUa _ ~
efl bull cl ttlbull bull u _ fII _ __ It in the Ill CI IDlnR cau _ II __ _ __ ea __ -- 1lIeU WtHU P _ 1 of llllUat Ute III _ tile - _ u u bullbullbullbull1__ u tIIua la of u _ _Ie itt aubull u bull bullbullUb tltSe bullbull w M I11 _ _ el__U rashyt cbullbull)
- t 01 cau or wth ell tIltII tit -tal
u I ___ ampeIl- bullbullbullbullbull bull ft _ _ Ute bullbullbullIal ttI
(ItO) _It_ tit _ r bull u-
_ cata1kl_ r ial MI l _ __
the rena or ur 1tl-1 _
T UftCu_ lflaftUFlU etMlf can atullito -1) tIMlla ttt _Dla _ by ttta 11bull 1M cUrt t 1a DaU ft _atoleMl au_ II bU _tbu athbull a at middotU _ Ubullbullbull 111-1 til I bull-1tva ta hn 1_- t bull aun do __tuft fII Cetttel181aabull _ tlly 0middot the ctftaU Ctt la 1M 1ft bullbull ftde ot ita U1_ fillbull ua n Cabullbulllie Qwnb _ _Ub peUUal JIIln _ Will ___ CeHmiddot _ teI laUMII aybull pl 1 U ashy Ja ur ianbullbullbullIf rau w the ne lob -Uti- I bull oul ala _ uu lewd_ Ie raew De tha btalp Uu Cathell Jtlursu_ t _ __
__ Catllelt8 cma UIceU
ttw_ rabullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull 1Me 1 _
Ie tlOftll Jaftmiddot the at-Ullft ( 101) bull
1lU ca1 a the 11 U IIIIlAIW
ala1ll alUlauF _ _I-a ) 1Ml1Md lWI
III MD dUCATI lit IICIIL AlIt) 1EUtIIbullbull A1fmtlll
a t __ 1 - --Uta- bullbull nlaUaattip t at
_ law_uaa _th nU 1a
ta ~ wiUl It I -JHUve aeoid lie
raquo -It _ MtatRl W _ at __
~ or 11111- leU 1
lIeUs- -- nUt1- - shy
1dta1 bullbull Ue MIl _tal 11
tftalel1ll - F title ___ 111 laWaet w ~_ tile ulllltlbull U_ till _
eU ~t u _ bullbullbullbullt __ _lal
-- -~
_a u _ 1Iut lute aU_ a _ U_
la _ bullbullbullbull181 _deIaIa fa Ute ~ __
Ie aU fit - Uta AU 111 til
u u _ bullm aM _
ampII II UtI
y Ie lNIl-a
wiU _ It 1 _uti 1111)
Cl1 (UII) t __ ta ll I li11
thH 11111 lie middotmiddot1Atl__d to bullbullbullbull tl1a poUUl
11 01_ he II III tIda Ie
bull u bullbullbullbull II c (INI)
tIIebull -J ~
11
tlaat sa iM W II
-a ampttl- JIl eWebull
- 1_ 1 Ja U 11 aItI
pbullbullle de 1 s err _ 1_ ~bullbull 1913)
11debullbull __ bullbullbullbull t bull u at 11 ca lSI)bull
1 (1111) bullbullbullbullbullbull 11_ t -
bullbullbullbulld _ JJItInl Ja nI bull U _ fI 7bulla
t -1 1a W
1lt III8UtI a thbull bullbullbullbullbull_ l Utbullbull la tile
_ ell_ a bull
-1 u aU_ 1 ltIUeillue WIr u- Ja catM1te
CItunIl
Sa d_ eampwlUaau __ lit u 1 lie 81-1 a1 -leu or VI_ bull ill Ul It all
u un _ --_ at peUUea1 aal shy
_ It __bull tun eM W tilbullbullbullbullbull1111
(It11) -- 1At 1
tha _ dl_ h ru~
tel - I bullbullW fit __
u wa pauJa _ It hie _ til
ISbullbull M- IeIIa_ lila
u III _ titbullbull I __ lIIdllen __Us 1M
Uu uftly
n Ie __ t bull ve _taU_
~ Uu Jft _ UIl-- tll_ staa-k
(12) ntlltl-- tU wan tvu at u ft bull _ b (1_) MIl
n ttl II Clatholad u _ bullbull t-- II -u-1 lawIl u_ Uvel
I 1a t tha 0 nllp_ nU
u1 dlffteu1U te A 11 ft th (0_ 1) bullbullu 111 Ie __
briefl til ~ lda flit ___bull leUtlshy
1 na _11bull lite -lUUet r NI1t1_ bull
to dudI dt18u1t ~
(1161) u _DUlti Ita atudl_ w tile bull -l1 _u lIIdr
- tudy ill _tit nil tIel1i the eue__
tlltIII he t IP hi theeI) atItJ1_ liIIDe
tn 1e bull _ CIIthell pleat 11a
_ cathoU___ 11 a teHt ta _ bull
tatuUbullbullshy tl the dbullbulld bull 11_
-tdaI It 1n the __ poundIIhU Ounh hila
13
Th v~iabl 0 age nd duction w~ chobullbulln bullbull th 0 pa~ticulu int~bullbullt Th popultion ra whioh the bullbullpl in the
p~bullbulllIftt tudy i dnwn oonit 0 -11 parthbullbull d bullbulloh paih
contin popl 0 11 age and ductional lvlbullbullinc the~ i only
on p~ih in ach loction Thue th~ i no pobullbullibi1ity 0 peop1
g on duotional 1vl o~ ag lvl wo~hipp1ng and int~acting bullbull
bull bullbullprat ~l1g1au group The popultiDn thu to bbullbull auitabl
on in which to t bullbullt the hypathbullbulli that ligioubullbullttitudbullbull v~y w1th
age nd duction
sbullbullbulltudibullbullbull~ piW only t givn ta Stau~middot (1955)
tudy 0 cCa~thyi_ and r ting~ Rick and Sohchw (156)
tudy 0 ~ligiou c~ii could only b dona t tibullbullbull when the ph_
to b invbullbullt1gtd o~ed t~bullbulllvaa to the ob~v Today tu~o11
ov~ changbullbull in the II Ctho1ic C~ch to o~ thi typo
oppo~tun1ty to the pnt ~bullbullbullbull~ch~ Chang i the tt~ 0 g~t bullbullt
concm in the Catholic Chu~ch t pnt Ctwt will b optionally
dfined ro~ the pu~_ 0 thi invbullbulltigtion bullbull any a1t~1ng or beli
o~ practic aong catholic that ha takn p1c 1n the pbullbullt t ty
ybullbull~ o~ i bullbullted o~ the o~bullbullabl utu~bullbull
Sinc the ch taking plac CDv~ Mfty pha bullbullbull 0 Ctho1ic li
it bullbull conaided pobullbulliIl1 to contNct bullbullcal 0 it ~latd to
thbullbullbull changbullbull and uabullbull p~aanbullbullco~ on thibullbullca1 indicto~
0 hibullbullttitudbullbull t ~ thbullbullbull chang ro~ the pu~pobullbullbull 0 thibullbulltudy
bull 1ib1 w optiona11y dined on who avo~bullbull chang and bull
contrvat1vbullbullbull on who oppobullbullbull chang The 1ib~-conbullbullrvativ
continuUII i otn on wed in rligioubullbullttitud r~ch (Ii 1965)
and i bull ci11y lIPP~opdtbullbullinc HUg10n i l1y conid~d
10
a conaarativa oc1al forc aut thi 1 not ly true and religiau
backing 1 otten g1 to libeNl and rad1cal c_d 01 udl chWlO
It bullbullbull conaldarad of pnctieal nd theoretical intet to dtlII1 if
hatarogenalty 0 ttltuda toward elliou obJact exlted in ordinay
0DnOrtion corying IIlth ag and aducation If 0 thi would
relat ralilau attitud to thobullbull ound In other ar Of nuan 11a
n i thue the nl pua 0 hibullbulltucly to clIPitaU tha
preat crl1bullbull c~a -thln tha ~n Clic Church and data~e
i l1011U attituda do ind vary in ralation to a MCI acIuoaUon
It cana1drecl d bullbulllr~a to hold tha dr 0 raliiaue
ailiation and Uta Ie actor abullbullttlltl _ pbullbulllItl to teat I htl that th i ariatl wi thl -snaU_l popu1aU
Thi 1 accaplihad ~y bullbull1otlng a population or retUlarly churchmiddot
ttandlng Catholic Peopl 0- labal t~lea a Catholic --Ply
baaauaa c1a pau or ~cauaa 0 tradltiGMl aaeealaUo
thll aa11y with the Cathollc Church IUGh aUlatiM eM haldly ~
acceptllCl aa a I_t or tlUlt Church rattl 1 aac-Rc or
Cathollc bal1e and pneUo To 1M IU chaol a ehch l
population cannot takn pr 0 the Ject t or
MIL llut it at l_t ur that lUI 1 are 1ft touch
wi th the c occurring 1ft the Cahl1c Church and hat Utaa e
have _ io OIl ir liv d hence ar 1 u tIt_ at l bullbullt
In aft aanae 0 the te
statiUoaUy lJlllti the populatlon tie chWoh-attandera do
rave or tII vari_l11y that would ~ lUnd it he papulation
1 del a oiU 0 anyone who Oh the lallNtl 0 Catholic lut thibullbullWely 1 not ifttareatad ln rl1iy t attitud_
11
that lie u 11middot lIIIIk 1M
th4I It _ 1t1a M
IIau _11 VII1yent11 al n
__ UM fill bullbullbullbullbull
the of bullbullbull __ a_ _ _VtI u 1a _ _
_ catMUe JU1l1 till _ t_
aW
I MLlIICf
uu ta tuIIy abe r_ fit
at _II bull lell Ill It e
_u leila (1_)bull
bull Ii bullbullbullbull -- e __ IIUl 1bullbulltI iAtt bullbullbull __ (II Ia) ruu I Ill bullbullbull JMiwitlual _1 IdbullbullIt _ (p_
bull tud1 ell _ fill
1 bullbull11 _ IIIIB leU (I)
bull tuIIy 1 thU Cdtu_
thtIl ~ 1UaUea _ 1 __ de u_ bull cw (1 lis n_tat_ bull _ ~I
11 bullbull_tIbull N lieU __ t ad_ ia
U _ of the - cathu 1
-al t -u vI -1c1aI
t I bullbull 111 Itt cau poundMacIft lleDt tItle
~ d t h1e a1_
16
-- 1 __ lIeUa tha bullbullbullbullbull will lie
ale __ _ ____
Iel and 1~eto (1965) elM PDIt that Ute gnup lp
or the ilMnt Mould be ken lA_ 1ft _~tude ah
They ehawed tha JMta ~ to lawft ~ bullbullPI bull
(bullbulltal deairab111ty) and L (Ua) _1_ heR ttlbullbullI1-nt_ a
cauouc 1t traquo MAtIld ~lt bullbull IMotOh then he
la Accen1ng It thia tudy - adaln1aU 0 h tna~t
by a 11_t -ould both helIt iM thbullbullaUaldl1ty h
8IIIt CllDUiINt______in U u_ IIh1I1
CMAmlll
I Il1MODI - HIT 1
ml f It shyThe ~ 11 aU lie ounlRM 1
~ bullbull ___ ~ 1 -la 1ft the pu 111 nMlv _ Me
tutu bullu _ an1 will he
at h _ Al1_ Ml (1161) __ tn
u lilt nUU __ 1_ bull
a1 _ uu u - _v - - The pUM n bullbullbull _ PllMI11
s- 1 __ 1eWM _we ca
wI Uu_ _
at bullbullbullbullbullbull
lle bullbullbullntt bullbull W leW bull _ _ _
1___Uwa1 bullbullbullbullbullbull 1 he 1eahtaJ Uta __~
-Uuel bullbull_1 1 All 1 bull
111bullbull1 an MIa In ie
- Catlu cane 1ft U
1ft to W
_ t at u_ _ at u
11
mal tN _a AU tile
1 1ft thla e bull u bullt - tba or the
u __ fit 1Mt At Ut U the lUI t JuI n - hit dl__ ( lN1) 1111_
tnIlllllllJe _ alAe _tIl tWI 1ft dIdIIt
Ill 1 hi
W m they fit _t ~
u-au_ TN_ _ 101
I 1INUMd ampb _Ill II pel _U
_111 ~_ -1 _ In
he u- __ 1 ampII
- A 11_ the - _ 1 11 III _ h
- aa he
1 bPl _ u
lftIIIII fA ple
V cal __ - tutu 01
1IIdamp rtan tie bullbull or CltNl_ 1ft
bullbullbullbullM MUM --_
It _ bullbullbullbullbull ta _ 1Ile ull 1111
_til the 1 11 1ft eteh
U tMIlftIII Illcuit 81th
IIltly U lhatl bull ___ IIJ he r
I bull
a hen tid u tNnr
1- - dun __ _
-
Cathllll or al 1tIheIt 11 II -r shy_111M lap _ne
Oft hi 1 _1M _
1M 18 - _t __ lI1ruu
IIlll-Mlr nNaU h Md _ bullbullbull round to be _
(eo ~ ta _ NUl) eh
bull -Ill - - - r --t thin 1- 1111 rtl1 r he _
to 0 wil Nt U uat11
_ Ie ~ th_ hln _ _ u-I tdth bull WhIt to ttl l _ iii
1Ml 1 Chunh 18tV111 hbullbullbull_ All he 1_ eleaed -s Iftla In V h cU eW
Oft bull - II1Iu1al r
bullUIIy or -- 1_ (1 3 I _ 20T I lI 1bullbull 16 17 II
I nrua) ntUhIIII u bIlinl ~ - CUMll
Chunh The IIhu (It 1 It 6bullbullt 10 U U II I)
to ttl I bullbull tal cell
Chi_ hi 1-middot plaeed -l8JIea w tbu
10
_ - tiN
11bullbull1 a _ _ _- n () -1 tie _ bull 11
______hi bullbullbullbullbull _hi all__ JaI bull
_ nt (au tNII C
__ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullat _ taIIlil
I eu nbullbull Ml ___
a - Ilut - _ tMN JM1 _ and
-1 til ~ - bull I shy
abullbull IIM UIIt til h
rbullbull bullbull IIbullbull
I ___ 1II1et WIIl _ it_ -l nI
IIu 11 III - tN 11
_ al W I ilia Nt SIal M
ltI -d 1D Ud at au _
-111 s UIuIl _ lie autleWl 1M MUM
bull bullbullbull 1_ - _
_ at AU 1ft 1 of -
U _ ~ _tal petntSamp1 _
_ W ~bullbulld plPi_ in
tN Nel fit ~ he caubullbull n bullbullbull11 the 1M th _
t21 L ~ fMM - w_ fit (1) bullbullau _
21
itbout chng to p~t good dicrilnatlon alone the liberalshy
conervativ continuua ror pl In the rea or clrical dieiplinbull
ny Catholic ar eoncrnd with the prbullbullbullnt harta9 or clr9Y In
Catholic prih Thi uaually ratbullbullbull the quatian at clarical
clibcy Three it (2 11 and 15) perltt the rbullbullpondant to
diacrilnate bull 11ttle In 111 attitude toward hi tutUI ching Ite
11 bullbullrly ak it the chang to rrid clrlY 1bullbullIreable to the
rbullbullpendant It 2 bullbullk ir bull r bullbullpondnt thinka thi chang would rbullbullu1t
in lood bullbullrvic to peepl It 15 ineerpotbullbull the bullbullt rrquant
oent in the rirt two pilot tudibullbull whioh iapUbullbull tht thi chang
to nld clrgy llight raul t in battr bullbullrvic baerried
clrgy would hv bttr inaight into rly lir It i rbl to
ua tht bull preon ight ccapt bull chang to bull nid olrlY van
though bdobullbull not rbullbullbullbullbull it bullbull rbullbullu1ting in _d or bttr bullbullrvic but
bullbullrly beubullbull h d It noy to the bullbullitanc or the Churoh bullbull
h k it Hbullbullilht 10 think _nid clrgy auld 11v bttbullbull
bullbullbullvic or llight nat H could 10 think bullbullrried clrgy would liv
ltettr bullbullrvio but prrr the clibat olrlY h hebull awn cautDaad to
Thue 11 thr it hlp dicrillit bullbull r~ntmiddotbullbullttitud taad
thi chantbullbull
Th caaaant or dir r antbullbull180 indicted _ canebullbulln
over the poalUon cr woan in the Chuch T_ itbullbull tap thibullbull1bullbull cr
change It 1 chck the pandentmiddot tUtude to_rd bull intbullbulll
paUcipaUon by _en in worhlp nd it 15 chck hibullbulltUtUde toward
bull rl clrgy
It 16 and 18 both chok the bullbullbullpendant attitude t 1d the
ua_ of uthorlty in the Churoh Itaa 9 10 and 12 are all concrned
22
wi In hip U_ in he ChINh 1- 4 If 14
en bull __ _th he 1IffId1dU_ r the _ 111
Ute w ubullbullr u Ctweh all ani u hM
_ tile da 11bull CetMllM
th- tit~ _tdtIen W bull -Ia _
_ 1ft CNIlJ Ua ha en a _ I he
CltNIUL
f1M1 n lfI 1M Thl lnal _all _ leld Me lay -1At 11_ to 6U Calhal1M
~ vial 1A _1 parllh in I -n aagon au
DOIIPlated U 111 the allot tJu __1tIg tohl
II1ddla or tttl 111bullbull and _ __ -kad for a
~rr or tl rtlilU1ta
A epllt-halr nllelAlUbullbullaJG1ant Gtd tor the de
obtaineG nil heM tiO ta and _ tllUftd to be A co~relaU_
an thl uwn and t hal the 1Dampl __MIt
_ampI ou_ t bl ill
II IETMIDI NIT 11
Th Catall adahop ~I 1 tact
_1_ ta thl ftMa to any ar $tsa palJt 0 hI ____
the Itudy The filioo_ t lMIIJcI _ 0 catam 0
-J bull t 32 auINRlta _ parun ar he pa-__ Ira _U
1- than 20 tU ut ttbullbull fa bull la1 peJah_ and the
lan1 deAlcted that bull tnUfia_Una lan would orbullbull
23
bettr bull 1 or the population Th parihs wer dlvided into thr
group (1 - 200 rtltbullbull 201 - 00 r-111bullbull and 401 - 600 raillbullbull )
Dna parih each rroa the two larger group and our aall pariaha wr
randoaly bullbulllactad a the pl or par1h to bbullbullurv~ad Thue tha
ubJect contitut a randaa stretirid ple or the church-going
population or the R Catholic D10c of BIIcr Sinc thre 1 only
one Catholic paih in the bullbull1 town and ciUbullbull or E_tern OnIOn all
church10ing Catholic or th1 ara ar OlOad to worhip together thus
abullbulluring the bullbuller1llntr t t the vadablbullbull or 1Ig and ducation will
b rairly rprntativ or the entir Catholic population or the ar
The experientr a Cathol1c pribullbullt orrioiated at the regular
Sunday erv1cbullbull or the padshbullbull included in the ple During the tibullbull
in tha service regularly devoted to a eran he aked the u~r to pa
out copis or the attitude acale and pencil to bar or the
congregation Arter thbullbullbull -d been distributed the Eucpedantar read
the introductory paragraph or the quUonnair to the congregation H
requeted thelr cooplation in coapltiO the it and orr8led to
anwer any quetion when the elvice over Tanty ainut war
allotad to the subject ror coaplation of ttle attitude cal The
bullbullrvice _ concluded in the usual annel and the ePerinter anred
any quetion that c up
A and EdypaUal Lbullbulll bull
for the purpo anal ying the data or the tudy the ubJectbull
bullbullre dividd into thrbullbull aoe IIOUP and rour ducation 11OUP thus
living a _trix 0 t_lv call The age IIOUPbullbullbullr (1) Jct
24
btn IS-30 yar 0 ao (2) eubJaot btn 31-50 yar (3)
ubJct 51 yn 0 or oldr Thi dlvllon baed uan bullbullvnI
conidration ThbullbullubJeot in the irt ege group have lived aot or
thair livbullbull in a changing Catholic Church It i bullbull~acted that they
will be Muoh more accpting 0 change then the other groupbullbullince changa
1 1bullbullbull unuual to th Tha ubJact In the bullbullcand group havs pant
01 or their live in bull Church that did little changing end hence are
expected to b 1bullbullbull accepting Dr chang The third group Ul hava
pnt Much ora t1bullbull than ither 0 tha other group in an unchanging
rligiou atbullbullpher It i bullbull~ected that thy wiU b the t
conervativ group
The division 0 ducation into our lvelbullbullbullbullbullbulld the 8Ot
p~tical ro tha tandpoint at the gneral population to bbullbullurvayd
Gradbullbullchool high chaol __ ooUaobullbull Md a caplatad tour yaar
oollg education bullbullra oanaidred tha aibullbullt diviion to k in our
population aina they ak undratandable diviiona 01 the rapandania
lind each lavl oanUtutbullbull an appreciabl aducational dierenca Ya
at chool caplstad thue conatitutesour oparational dtinitian or
education
III PREOICTIONS
In the lioht 0 tha previous diacu ion and tha r bullbullult at tha
pilot tucUbullbull the allowing pred1ctiona bullbullre _dbullbull
1 Scarbullbull an the prbullbullant hal a the acale will b highr than
acorbullbull on the utuw halt Thi prdiction t bullbullted ith a tet
ror correlated data
2 Younger Catholic bullbullUl tend to be 01 liberal or accepting
25
tit _ A rtAun MIl ttl caul
latlaa _ ~ toe teet 1 ypo
J eav11bullbullbull111 Ie -_ r _
to u will with 1_ renal A _rn1eUon _
t w hy~bullbull
DtAPTII 111
TIIIIIle 1 vee the __ bull bullhe tUIIa Mample
bull bullbull1 lPtti A tnIl
lQM hi aW- II lO1S
_ ubullbullIe n leta _ bull
TM _ _ the -1 21
to iIIplrl _ the ~ _ bullbull _- p1Me
NI ten h
TIIIJ1e 1 v t 14 iD tile bull AVi tnI UlnaIbullbulldbullbull
aIl TNwe a I
hiIhl ~ tie Thi moa - cauu u ~
__u VIan U Ie The
bull _ MI a lea _
u- tee __ tqb
TM _ 1A TIIIIla 1 II at t _ u Uta _ 1M U ten_
- -
27
TAamppound J
bullbullEI or II POt DUCATl IIOUP
IIAI bull ntl anl1l8r 8CampI
Old ~ (a bull raquoa)(ft bull 113) (bullbull m)
middot ~~--~~~ - r---~~~ 2-l i I
~ i ~ ~ I )~--middot~---iimiddotmiddot---~~~middot~_~_~middotn i
I j II UI I bull III I n 11- i bull 124 I bull 111bull bull 84 I
~ 1
_-------middot4---middotmiddotmiddot_middot+------1
~ bull-1 n
bull bull 111 bull bull 116bull 10
-bull bull 121
1
(n bull UI)
shy
1
(a bull 3-)
cu (bullbull 2U)
bull mmiddot CoU
(a bull 17)
In fig 1 the mean IIOOfeamp or eech educUonal grC1lp 18 plotld
c)gd not dye Lowr scures middotIe indio gtl1vn of conE1rvatislII 8nll h bull gher
soor~s of 11b8ld eta Of groilolr cceptfnc1 of ot) nge Hmiddot~ d t et(JW b
tlf900 tOWfO mo EG libel 1 tti tUt19sin youngt respondentG 19
mi((UfII-gIH t~iQr 9croo1 gredudtas were just eligrtly more LblSral t n
tc younger ligl school QridIJt~S The corrsltion btlDaan 8core8 on
tilm dtitude 8cle finc -g9 was 51 Ulhich is atntist~cll) signifLclnt
t ttlpound bull 11 lsvsl TrG corrailttion between accres on tre attitud~3 scel~
1)nd age wlth educaration prtialled aut was 36 TNa younglill pelOjlla sro
SEHn to bs signlficanU) more accepting 01 change ttln older people
In fig 1 tt-a tH8n COrliS or each gloup ale plott td Il9Ilnet
th~ four Qduc~1tionEll 18113 Thli trend toward l1Il rEt liberal attitiJdo6
wi t ncroiJsnr F1iJCation is slimn in thfll graph Tta eorriltloUon butween
scar on tI~ GCelA ana echoicbull tion 118$ bull ti wlch is 8ignifiCtlnt (tt the
Jl lEtllel n~ corrsl~t1on betwgon scor on ttt~ IICel ~nd f4duQtton
lIIitt ugo pltrtiall~d out lIIes 3amp Thue edUcation is e~n to bil
signifiesntly relatQd to aecfgtptftMC8 at cr~ngo more aduc tad rlJsjJondpnts
tanding to ecclpt ctangua molS r9i11dil) th~in lee oducated 0098
Ttfl date Indice ted t~ilt tlere was no CIOfInlEltion bt~ttl1m1n )gc QItd
sducation (I -db) t Impling no overlap 1n the variance aoountilc for
by the two voriablas 80 a multiple R was computed The ~ultiple R
between 8cores on the acale and E)ge and education was bullbulla About 16
of the variance on ttese 8cores is trus predictablo from age and
education
A 1 test using the formula for carrelatad observations I UlliS done
on t9 deta from the future nd present t1Bllles of tg sc-ale T-e
bullbull
29
-~---------=l GJ8d Schaal bull 6 High School 0- __0
S COlla amiddotmiddotmiddota i
4 yra Collage bull ibull
G_ Amiddot 7- 0
bull bull - - 0 JI bullbull bull N
a
laquo
Old 1l1ddla
AGE
riquE 1 Ian acorbullbull on the attitude Bcele or the foul lIducaUone1 lavl plotted againet eg The highsr ths cors on the aeale the are liberal 01 accepting or change are the reapondenta
lJ
Did Jj a dIIle 0 0 Yatal Il- --D
11
bull
1 2 3
poundDUCATIObullbullL~V[LS
1M a bull _ne the ttltwde elbullbullr th thne poupe plt1M11 lwl The hlp Uw _ on the ele the _n 111 01 --URe or h nepond_e
31
1 - oMbullbullbull 36~)l (p lt 111) 1ndl0U auort tor th hypol
that Cthollcbullbullre _rbullbullcoepting or chabullbull alrdy lMt1 tutad than
they 1 of future hypothlzd chang
U lOR IlOllDUAL nos
S ot the 1t_ in the ttltudbullbullcalbullbullr8 ot bullbulldl Intt
btlcauae thf rtl~ot tUtudU r bull IMt iltpartnett in th
Cetllo110 Churgt todey Itbullbull 6 11 13 end 16 hev be n anAlyzlld
IIDrtl ull y than thtt othr And 1 preted 1n th U1 our
fgur to how th ulte In tr d taU ttaaa 6 11 and 13
wre ~ the uture pert 0 the 8cal and it 16 1 the prt
pert 0 th ace1
lba t
f lIUr8 3 the pnta or Meh I Ihel 111 th 1t_
bull (Dlvo-rrr1d Ctho1icbullbullhou1d b p~tted to raciv the
bullbullonu illy C-uon van though thlr bullbullaond urlbullbullbull
1 inval1d according to na~al tndard) Ovral 61 ot the
r bullbullpond t bullbullbullreed that 01 involved ln invalld 111hould
bbullbull11_0 to rbullbulliv the aat rlgur 3 that ln ach
group at l t ~a~ ot the repond ahaI thl preibullbulliv attltudbullbull
In the youngr ana _1 educatd lrouP _lIIOt 7b~ or ttl raepondant bull
bull xpl dlt with pnnt polley Svnty-toUl IGent or th
rnat wlth a 0011 eduoat1an agreed to bull changbullbullbull d1d 68)11 0 th r8apondant undr thirty y or bullbullbullbull
32
Old Yaung
I~-- -gt- bullbullbull
56~ 5~
- 1
7t~ ~ ~
f
_IDIUJ fiayenr 3 Thl pen_tag 1n ROh II 1-inI _th It 6 J_ 6 Dlvolc- llbd Catha110bull bull haul It t Icl n aact ( otal1r -Uftlon) bull theulh nll bullbull cencI_1 1 bull lavU aoollldl to --
Gbullbull SohaDl
Call
33
DIIl1 rl 4 vee theu1t 0 the VllY itbull U (PII
ehould _t U ta _fty) OvU 57j or the ehUloh
Cthollbullbull 1ft 1 bullbulltud) Ind1oat that th dl with the Cethol1
ChulGhf poUe) 0 bullbull1J_ 0 h al St __ 0 th IIhUlGh _th bull 1tecI DOn aU_ 111 w1~
t pall SJn 1M 0 h young - dl
with t polla) ~ the yaur Cathctll0 wih bull DOll
eduoatlon ~ dlred wlh th 01011 polle
Hau (leuI 5 tivu Ue peentege 1ft -h tIlI wUh
It_ 13 (__ t VI all__ 0 I bullbullU) A t
mt dl wlth hi U 1 eu t be yl that h would
1n evo 0 heving _1 aly Jn the Cthta1la Chunn uno to 81_
wlth th Ita bullbull p 1 to vo the prt peltAl i al
th data thet the bullbullt _Jult 0 to accept prlbullbull at hI U OwaU 16 C d with the
lOhl~ltlon 0 1 al) Thl t-wo proan or hdeft with a eoU eductaU 1I1d with he plOhUalUan 0 _11ft pl bullbull
EducaUan bull- to IIbullbull Ill to In eooep 0 __ pllbullbull
heft
ll a (1 6 V hlta D th MI_ on 1- 11 (To a
catholl0 It 1 ft to ta1n an ye 0 U elel nh
cantHI dvlo end the W th aontnl pill) Th data h at
34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
- Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and practices correlated with age and education
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bull
bull Dull (1169) bullbullbull_ - _
_ _ the -l canebullbull - 1IIdel ~ JaIl
Slshy Uv _ cut_
I Ia bullbullbull VI2I1 _W N ___ bullbullPAI II 1IItJ_1 11_ IUln Iot _ the 1 tINt IIbull rat bullt _u-l 4SU bull _ bull bullbullbullbullbullft41 fII ~ bullbullbull1 bull _ill bullbullrlbullbullbull _tAlA hili III 1amp vbulla C _ra _ cu II h tide al ello bullbull bull bullbullbull jteUMI 1etIlM r I - _ul1 ad cttU 1 _ _ lJaI lUAlMll C_ (p 1ft)bull
__ _ fit ff1Au1 Alll
u t _ _ _ _al_
lIa It cttUa _ ~
efl bull cl ttlbull bull u _ fII _ __ It in the Ill CI IDlnR cau _ II __ _ __ ea __ -- 1lIeU WtHU P _ 1 of llllUat Ute III _ tile - _ u u bullbullbullbull1__ u tIIua la of u _ _Ie itt aubull u bull bullbullUb tltSe bullbull w M I11 _ _ el__U rashyt cbullbull)
- t 01 cau or wth ell tIltII tit -tal
u I ___ ampeIl- bullbullbullbullbull bull ft _ _ Ute bullbullbullIal ttI
(ItO) _It_ tit _ r bull u-
_ cata1kl_ r ial MI l _ __
the rena or ur 1tl-1 _
T UftCu_ lflaftUFlU etMlf can atullito -1) tIMlla ttt _Dla _ by ttta 11bull 1M cUrt t 1a DaU ft _atoleMl au_ II bU _tbu athbull a at middotU _ Ubullbullbull 111-1 til I bull-1tva ta hn 1_- t bull aun do __tuft fII Cetttel181aabull _ tlly 0middot the ctftaU Ctt la 1M 1ft bullbull ftde ot ita U1_ fillbull ua n Cabullbulllie Qwnb _ _Ub peUUal JIIln _ Will ___ CeHmiddot _ teI laUMII aybull pl 1 U ashy Ja ur ianbullbullbullIf rau w the ne lob -Uti- I bull oul ala _ uu lewd_ Ie raew De tha btalp Uu Cathell Jtlursu_ t _ __
__ Catllelt8 cma UIceU
ttw_ rabullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull 1Me 1 _
Ie tlOftll Jaftmiddot the at-Ullft ( 101) bull
1lU ca1 a the 11 U IIIIlAIW
ala1ll alUlauF _ _I-a ) 1Ml1Md lWI
III MD dUCATI lit IICIIL AlIt) 1EUtIIbullbull A1fmtlll
a t __ 1 - --Uta- bullbull nlaUaattip t at
_ law_uaa _th nU 1a
ta ~ wiUl It I -JHUve aeoid lie
raquo -It _ MtatRl W _ at __
~ or 11111- leU 1
lIeUs- -- nUt1- - shy
1dta1 bullbull Ue MIl _tal 11
tftalel1ll - F title ___ 111 laWaet w ~_ tile ulllltlbull U_ till _
eU ~t u _ bullbullbullbullt __ _lal
-- -~
_a u _ 1Iut lute aU_ a _ U_
la _ bullbullbullbull181 _deIaIa fa Ute ~ __
Ie aU fit - Uta AU 111 til
u u _ bullm aM _
ampII II UtI
y Ie lNIl-a
wiU _ It 1 _uti 1111)
Cl1 (UII) t __ ta ll I li11
thH 11111 lie middotmiddot1Atl__d to bullbullbullbull tl1a poUUl
11 01_ he II III tIda Ie
bull u bullbullbullbull II c (INI)
tIIebull -J ~
11
tlaat sa iM W II
-a ampttl- JIl eWebull
- 1_ 1 Ja U 11 aItI
pbullbullle de 1 s err _ 1_ ~bullbull 1913)
11debullbull __ bullbullbullbull t bull u at 11 ca lSI)bull
1 (1111) bullbullbullbullbullbull 11_ t -
bullbullbullbulld _ JJItInl Ja nI bull U _ fI 7bulla
t -1 1a W
1lt III8UtI a thbull bullbullbullbullbull_ l Utbullbull la tile
_ ell_ a bull
-1 u aU_ 1 ltIUeillue WIr u- Ja catM1te
CItunIl
Sa d_ eampwlUaau __ lit u 1 lie 81-1 a1 -leu or VI_ bull ill Ul It all
u un _ --_ at peUUea1 aal shy
_ It __bull tun eM W tilbullbullbullbullbull1111
(It11) -- 1At 1
tha _ dl_ h ru~
tel - I bullbullW fit __
u wa pauJa _ It hie _ til
ISbullbull M- IeIIa_ lila
u III _ titbullbull I __ lIIdllen __Us 1M
Uu uftly
n Ie __ t bull ve _taU_
~ Uu Jft _ UIl-- tll_ staa-k
(12) ntlltl-- tU wan tvu at u ft bull _ b (1_) MIl
n ttl II Clatholad u _ bullbull t-- II -u-1 lawIl u_ Uvel
I 1a t tha 0 nllp_ nU
u1 dlffteu1U te A 11 ft th (0_ 1) bullbullu 111 Ie __
briefl til ~ lda flit ___bull leUtlshy
1 na _11bull lite -lUUet r NI1t1_ bull
to dudI dt18u1t ~
(1161) u _DUlti Ita atudl_ w tile bull -l1 _u lIIdr
- tudy ill _tit nil tIel1i the eue__
tlltIII he t IP hi theeI) atItJ1_ liIIDe
tn 1e bull _ CIIthell pleat 11a
_ cathoU___ 11 a teHt ta _ bull
tatuUbullbullshy tl the dbullbulld bull 11_
-tdaI It 1n the __ poundIIhU Ounh hila
13
Th v~iabl 0 age nd duction w~ chobullbulln bullbull th 0 pa~ticulu int~bullbullt Th popultion ra whioh the bullbullpl in the
p~bullbulllIftt tudy i dnwn oonit 0 -11 parthbullbull d bullbulloh paih
contin popl 0 11 age and ductional lvlbullbullinc the~ i only
on p~ih in ach loction Thue th~ i no pobullbullibi1ity 0 peop1
g on duotional 1vl o~ ag lvl wo~hipp1ng and int~acting bullbull
bull bullbullprat ~l1g1au group The popultiDn thu to bbullbull auitabl
on in which to t bullbullt the hypathbullbulli that ligioubullbullttitudbullbull v~y w1th
age nd duction
sbullbullbulltudibullbullbull~ piW only t givn ta Stau~middot (1955)
tudy 0 cCa~thyi_ and r ting~ Rick and Sohchw (156)
tudy 0 ~ligiou c~ii could only b dona t tibullbullbull when the ph_
to b invbullbullt1gtd o~ed t~bullbulllvaa to the ob~v Today tu~o11
ov~ changbullbull in the II Ctho1ic C~ch to o~ thi typo
oppo~tun1ty to the pnt ~bullbullbullbull~ch~ Chang i the tt~ 0 g~t bullbullt
concm in the Catholic Chu~ch t pnt Ctwt will b optionally
dfined ro~ the pu~_ 0 thi invbullbulltigtion bullbull any a1t~1ng or beli
o~ practic aong catholic that ha takn p1c 1n the pbullbullt t ty
ybullbull~ o~ i bullbullted o~ the o~bullbullabl utu~bullbull
Sinc the ch taking plac CDv~ Mfty pha bullbullbull 0 Ctho1ic li
it bullbull conaided pobullbulliIl1 to contNct bullbullcal 0 it ~latd to
thbullbullbull changbullbull and uabullbull p~aanbullbullco~ on thibullbullca1 indicto~
0 hibullbullttitudbullbull t ~ thbullbullbull chang ro~ the pu~pobullbullbull 0 thibullbulltudy
bull 1ib1 w optiona11y dined on who avo~bullbull chang and bull
contrvat1vbullbullbull on who oppobullbullbull chang The 1ib~-conbullbullrvativ
continuUII i otn on wed in rligioubullbullttitud r~ch (Ii 1965)
and i bull ci11y lIPP~opdtbullbullinc HUg10n i l1y conid~d
10
a conaarativa oc1al forc aut thi 1 not ly true and religiau
backing 1 otten g1 to libeNl and rad1cal c_d 01 udl chWlO
It bullbullbull conaldarad of pnctieal nd theoretical intet to dtlII1 if
hatarogenalty 0 ttltuda toward elliou obJact exlted in ordinay
0DnOrtion corying IIlth ag and aducation If 0 thi would
relat ralilau attitud to thobullbull ound In other ar Of nuan 11a
n i thue the nl pua 0 hibullbulltucly to clIPitaU tha
preat crl1bullbull c~a -thln tha ~n Clic Church and data~e
i l1011U attituda do ind vary in ralation to a MCI acIuoaUon
It cana1drecl d bullbulllr~a to hold tha dr 0 raliiaue
ailiation and Uta Ie actor abullbullttlltl _ pbullbulllItl to teat I htl that th i ariatl wi thl -snaU_l popu1aU
Thi 1 accaplihad ~y bullbull1otlng a population or retUlarly churchmiddot
ttandlng Catholic Peopl 0- labal t~lea a Catholic --Ply
baaauaa c1a pau or ~cauaa 0 tradltiGMl aaeealaUo
thll aa11y with the Cathollc Church IUGh aUlatiM eM haldly ~
acceptllCl aa a I_t or tlUlt Church rattl 1 aac-Rc or
Cathollc bal1e and pneUo To 1M IU chaol a ehch l
population cannot takn pr 0 the Ject t or
MIL llut it at l_t ur that lUI 1 are 1ft touch
wi th the c occurring 1ft the Cahl1c Church and hat Utaa e
have _ io OIl ir liv d hence ar 1 u tIt_ at l bullbullt
In aft aanae 0 the te
statiUoaUy lJlllti the populatlon tie chWoh-attandera do
rave or tII vari_l11y that would ~ lUnd it he papulation
1 del a oiU 0 anyone who Oh the lallNtl 0 Catholic lut thibullbullWely 1 not ifttareatad ln rl1iy t attitud_
11
that lie u 11middot lIIIIk 1M
th4I It _ 1t1a M
IIau _11 VII1yent11 al n
__ UM fill bullbullbullbullbull
the of bullbullbull __ a_ _ _VtI u 1a _ _
_ catMUe JU1l1 till _ t_
aW
I MLlIICf
uu ta tuIIy abe r_ fit
at _II bull lell Ill It e
_u leila (1_)bull
bull Ii bullbullbullbull -- e __ IIUl 1bullbulltI iAtt bullbullbull __ (II Ia) ruu I Ill bullbullbull JMiwitlual _1 IdbullbullIt _ (p_
bull tud1 ell _ fill
1 bullbull11 _ IIIIB leU (I)
bull tuIIy 1 thU Cdtu_
thtIl ~ 1UaUea _ 1 __ de u_ bull cw (1 lis n_tat_ bull _ ~I
11 bullbull_tIbull N lieU __ t ad_ ia
U _ of the - cathu 1
-al t -u vI -1c1aI
t I bullbull 111 Itt cau poundMacIft lleDt tItle
~ d t h1e a1_
16
-- 1 __ lIeUa tha bullbullbullbullbull will lie
ale __ _ ____
Iel and 1~eto (1965) elM PDIt that Ute gnup lp
or the ilMnt Mould be ken lA_ 1ft _~tude ah
They ehawed tha JMta ~ to lawft ~ bullbullPI bull
(bullbulltal deairab111ty) and L (Ua) _1_ heR ttlbullbullI1-nt_ a
cauouc 1t traquo MAtIld ~lt bullbull IMotOh then he
la Accen1ng It thia tudy - adaln1aU 0 h tna~t
by a 11_t -ould both helIt iM thbullbullaUaldl1ty h
8IIIt CllDUiINt______in U u_ IIh1I1
CMAmlll
I Il1MODI - HIT 1
ml f It shyThe ~ 11 aU lie ounlRM 1
~ bullbull ___ ~ 1 -la 1ft the pu 111 nMlv _ Me
tutu bullu _ an1 will he
at h _ Al1_ Ml (1161) __ tn
u lilt nUU __ 1_ bull
a1 _ uu u - _v - - The pUM n bullbullbull _ PllMI11
s- 1 __ 1eWM _we ca
wI Uu_ _
at bullbullbullbullbullbull
lle bullbullbullntt bullbull W leW bull _ _ _
1___Uwa1 bullbullbullbullbullbull 1 he 1eahtaJ Uta __~
-Uuel bullbull_1 1 All 1 bull
111bullbull1 an MIa In ie
- Catlu cane 1ft U
1ft to W
_ t at u_ _ at u
11
mal tN _a AU tile
1 1ft thla e bull u bullt - tba or the
u __ fit 1Mt At Ut U the lUI t JuI n - hit dl__ ( lN1) 1111_
tnIlllllllJe _ alAe _tIl tWI 1ft dIdIIt
Ill 1 hi
W m they fit _t ~
u-au_ TN_ _ 101
I 1INUMd ampb _Ill II pel _U
_111 ~_ -1 _ In
he u- __ 1 ampII
- A 11_ the - _ 1 11 III _ h
- aa he
1 bPl _ u
lftIIIII fA ple
V cal __ - tutu 01
1IIdamp rtan tie bullbull or CltNl_ 1ft
bullbullbullbullM MUM --_
It _ bullbullbullbullbull ta _ 1Ile ull 1111
_til the 1 11 1ft eteh
U tMIlftIII Illcuit 81th
IIltly U lhatl bull ___ IIJ he r
I bull
a hen tid u tNnr
1- - dun __ _
-
Cathllll or al 1tIheIt 11 II -r shy_111M lap _ne
Oft hi 1 _1M _
1M 18 - _t __ lI1ruu
IIlll-Mlr nNaU h Md _ bullbullbull round to be _
(eo ~ ta _ NUl) eh
bull -Ill - - - r --t thin 1- 1111 rtl1 r he _
to 0 wil Nt U uat11
_ Ie ~ th_ hln _ _ u-I tdth bull WhIt to ttl l _ iii
1Ml 1 Chunh 18tV111 hbullbullbull_ All he 1_ eleaed -s Iftla In V h cU eW
Oft bull - II1Iu1al r
bullUIIy or -- 1_ (1 3 I _ 20T I lI 1bullbull 16 17 II
I nrua) ntUhIIII u bIlinl ~ - CUMll
Chunh The IIhu (It 1 It 6bullbullt 10 U U II I)
to ttl I bullbull tal cell
Chi_ hi 1-middot plaeed -l8JIea w tbu
10
_ - tiN
11bullbull1 a _ _ _- n () -1 tie _ bull 11
______hi bullbullbullbullbull _hi all__ JaI bull
_ nt (au tNII C
__ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullat _ taIIlil
I eu nbullbull Ml ___
a - Ilut - _ tMN JM1 _ and
-1 til ~ - bull I shy
abullbull IIM UIIt til h
rbullbull bullbull IIbullbull
I ___ 1II1et WIIl _ it_ -l nI
IIu 11 III - tN 11
_ al W I ilia Nt SIal M
ltI -d 1D Ud at au _
-111 s UIuIl _ lie autleWl 1M MUM
bull bullbullbull 1_ - _
_ at AU 1ft 1 of -
U _ ~ _tal petntSamp1 _
_ W ~bullbulld plPi_ in
tN Nel fit ~ he caubullbull n bullbullbull11 the 1M th _
t21 L ~ fMM - w_ fit (1) bullbullau _
21
itbout chng to p~t good dicrilnatlon alone the liberalshy
conervativ continuua ror pl In the rea or clrical dieiplinbull
ny Catholic ar eoncrnd with the prbullbullbullnt harta9 or clr9Y In
Catholic prih Thi uaually ratbullbullbull the quatian at clarical
clibcy Three it (2 11 and 15) perltt the rbullbullpondant to
diacrilnate bull 11ttle In 111 attitude toward hi tutUI ching Ite
11 bullbullrly ak it the chang to rrid clrlY 1bullbullIreable to the
rbullbullpendant It 2 bullbullk ir bull r bullbullpondnt thinka thi chang would rbullbullu1t
in lood bullbullrvic to peepl It 15 ineerpotbullbull the bullbullt rrquant
oent in the rirt two pilot tudibullbull whioh iapUbullbull tht thi chang
to nld clrgy llight raul t in battr bullbullrvic baerried
clrgy would hv bttr inaight into rly lir It i rbl to
ua tht bull preon ight ccapt bull chang to bull nid olrlY van
though bdobullbull not rbullbullbullbullbull it bullbull rbullbullu1ting in _d or bttr bullbullrvic but
bullbullrly beubullbull h d It noy to the bullbullitanc or the Churoh bullbull
h k it Hbullbullilht 10 think _nid clrgy auld 11v bttbullbull
bullbullbullvic or llight nat H could 10 think bullbullrried clrgy would liv
ltettr bullbullrvio but prrr the clibat olrlY h hebull awn cautDaad to
Thue 11 thr it hlp dicrillit bullbull r~ntmiddotbullbullttitud taad
thi chantbullbull
Th caaaant or dir r antbullbull180 indicted _ canebullbulln
over the poalUon cr woan in the Chuch T_ itbullbull tap thibullbull1bullbull cr
change It 1 chck the pandentmiddot tUtude to_rd bull intbullbulll
paUcipaUon by _en in worhlp nd it 15 chck hibullbulltUtUde toward
bull rl clrgy
It 16 and 18 both chok the bullbullbullpendant attitude t 1d the
ua_ of uthorlty in the Churoh Itaa 9 10 and 12 are all concrned
22
wi In hip U_ in he ChINh 1- 4 If 14
en bull __ _th he 1IffId1dU_ r the _ 111
Ute w ubullbullr u Ctweh all ani u hM
_ tile da 11bull CetMllM
th- tit~ _tdtIen W bull -Ia _
_ 1ft CNIlJ Ua ha en a _ I he
CltNIUL
f1M1 n lfI 1M Thl lnal _all _ leld Me lay -1At 11_ to 6U Calhal1M
~ vial 1A _1 parllh in I -n aagon au
DOIIPlated U 111 the allot tJu __1tIg tohl
II1ddla or tttl 111bullbull and _ __ -kad for a
~rr or tl rtlilU1ta
A epllt-halr nllelAlUbullbullaJG1ant Gtd tor the de
obtaineG nil heM tiO ta and _ tllUftd to be A co~relaU_
an thl uwn and t hal the 1Dampl __MIt
_ampI ou_ t bl ill
II IETMIDI NIT 11
Th Catall adahop ~I 1 tact
_1_ ta thl ftMa to any ar $tsa palJt 0 hI ____
the Itudy The filioo_ t lMIIJcI _ 0 catam 0
-J bull t 32 auINRlta _ parun ar he pa-__ Ira _U
1- than 20 tU ut ttbullbull fa bull la1 peJah_ and the
lan1 deAlcted that bull tnUfia_Una lan would orbullbull
23
bettr bull 1 or the population Th parihs wer dlvided into thr
group (1 - 200 rtltbullbull 201 - 00 r-111bullbull and 401 - 600 raillbullbull )
Dna parih each rroa the two larger group and our aall pariaha wr
randoaly bullbulllactad a the pl or par1h to bbullbullurv~ad Thue tha
ubJect contitut a randaa stretirid ple or the church-going
population or the R Catholic D10c of BIIcr Sinc thre 1 only
one Catholic paih in the bullbull1 town and ciUbullbull or E_tern OnIOn all
church10ing Catholic or th1 ara ar OlOad to worhip together thus
abullbulluring the bullbuller1llntr t t the vadablbullbull or 1Ig and ducation will
b rairly rprntativ or the entir Catholic population or the ar
The experientr a Cathol1c pribullbullt orrioiated at the regular
Sunday erv1cbullbull or the padshbullbull included in the ple During the tibullbull
in tha service regularly devoted to a eran he aked the u~r to pa
out copis or the attitude acale and pencil to bar or the
congregation Arter thbullbullbull -d been distributed the Eucpedantar read
the introductory paragraph or the quUonnair to the congregation H
requeted thelr cooplation in coapltiO the it and orr8led to
anwer any quetion when the elvice over Tanty ainut war
allotad to the subject ror coaplation of ttle attitude cal The
bullbullrvice _ concluded in the usual annel and the ePerinter anred
any quetion that c up
A and EdypaUal Lbullbulll bull
for the purpo anal ying the data or the tudy the ubJectbull
bullbullre dividd into thrbullbull aoe IIOUP and rour ducation 11OUP thus
living a _trix 0 t_lv call The age IIOUPbullbullbullr (1) Jct
24
btn IS-30 yar 0 ao (2) eubJaot btn 31-50 yar (3)
ubJct 51 yn 0 or oldr Thi dlvllon baed uan bullbullvnI
conidration ThbullbullubJeot in the irt ege group have lived aot or
thair livbullbull in a changing Catholic Church It i bullbull~acted that they
will be Muoh more accpting 0 change then the other groupbullbullince changa
1 1bullbullbull unuual to th Tha ubJact In the bullbullcand group havs pant
01 or their live in bull Church that did little changing end hence are
expected to b 1bullbullbull accepting Dr chang The third group Ul hava
pnt Much ora t1bullbull than ither 0 tha other group in an unchanging
rligiou atbullbullpher It i bullbull~ected that thy wiU b the t
conervativ group
The division 0 ducation into our lvelbullbullbullbullbullbulld the 8Ot
p~tical ro tha tandpoint at the gneral population to bbullbullurvayd
Gradbullbullchool high chaol __ ooUaobullbull Md a caplatad tour yaar
oollg education bullbullra oanaidred tha aibullbullt diviion to k in our
population aina they ak undratandable diviiona 01 the rapandania
lind each lavl oanUtutbullbull an appreciabl aducational dierenca Ya
at chool caplstad thue conatitutesour oparational dtinitian or
education
III PREOICTIONS
In the lioht 0 tha previous diacu ion and tha r bullbullult at tha
pilot tucUbullbull the allowing pred1ctiona bullbullre _dbullbull
1 Scarbullbull an the prbullbullant hal a the acale will b highr than
acorbullbull on the utuw halt Thi prdiction t bullbullted ith a tet
ror correlated data
2 Younger Catholic bullbullUl tend to be 01 liberal or accepting
25
tit _ A rtAun MIl ttl caul
latlaa _ ~ toe teet 1 ypo
J eav11bullbullbull111 Ie -_ r _
to u will with 1_ renal A _rn1eUon _
t w hy~bullbull
DtAPTII 111
TIIIIIle 1 vee the __ bull bullhe tUIIa Mample
bull bullbull1 lPtti A tnIl
lQM hi aW- II lO1S
_ ubullbullIe n leta _ bull
TM _ _ the -1 21
to iIIplrl _ the ~ _ bullbull _- p1Me
NI ten h
TIIIJ1e 1 v t 14 iD tile bull AVi tnI UlnaIbullbulldbullbull
aIl TNwe a I
hiIhl ~ tie Thi moa - cauu u ~
__u VIan U Ie The
bull _ MI a lea _
u- tee __ tqb
TM _ 1A TIIIIla 1 II at t _ u Uta _ 1M U ten_
- -
27
TAamppound J
bullbullEI or II POt DUCATl IIOUP
IIAI bull ntl anl1l8r 8CampI
Old ~ (a bull raquoa)(ft bull 113) (bullbull m)
middot ~~--~~~ - r---~~~ 2-l i I
~ i ~ ~ I )~--middot~---iimiddotmiddot---~~~middot~_~_~middotn i
I j II UI I bull III I n 11- i bull 124 I bull 111bull bull 84 I
~ 1
_-------middot4---middotmiddotmiddot_middot+------1
~ bull-1 n
bull bull 111 bull bull 116bull 10
-bull bull 121
1
(n bull UI)
shy
1
(a bull 3-)
cu (bullbull 2U)
bull mmiddot CoU
(a bull 17)
In fig 1 the mean IIOOfeamp or eech educUonal grC1lp 18 plotld
c)gd not dye Lowr scures middotIe indio gtl1vn of conE1rvatislII 8nll h bull gher
soor~s of 11b8ld eta Of groilolr cceptfnc1 of ot) nge Hmiddot~ d t et(JW b
tlf900 tOWfO mo EG libel 1 tti tUt19sin youngt respondentG 19
mi((UfII-gIH t~iQr 9croo1 gredudtas were just eligrtly more LblSral t n
tc younger ligl school QridIJt~S The corrsltion btlDaan 8core8 on
tilm dtitude 8cle finc -g9 was 51 Ulhich is atntist~cll) signifLclnt
t ttlpound bull 11 lsvsl TrG corrailttion between accres on tre attitud~3 scel~
1)nd age wlth educaration prtialled aut was 36 TNa younglill pelOjlla sro
SEHn to bs signlficanU) more accepting 01 change ttln older people
In fig 1 tt-a tH8n COrliS or each gloup ale plott td Il9Ilnet
th~ four Qduc~1tionEll 18113 Thli trend toward l1Il rEt liberal attitiJdo6
wi t ncroiJsnr F1iJCation is slimn in thfll graph Tta eorriltloUon butween
scar on tI~ GCelA ana echoicbull tion 118$ bull ti wlch is 8ignifiCtlnt (tt the
Jl lEtllel n~ corrsl~t1on betwgon scor on ttt~ IICel ~nd f4duQtton
lIIitt ugo pltrtiall~d out lIIes 3amp Thue edUcation is e~n to bil
signifiesntly relatQd to aecfgtptftMC8 at cr~ngo more aduc tad rlJsjJondpnts
tanding to ecclpt ctangua molS r9i11dil) th~in lee oducated 0098
Ttfl date Indice ted t~ilt tlere was no CIOfInlEltion bt~ttl1m1n )gc QItd
sducation (I -db) t Impling no overlap 1n the variance aoountilc for
by the two voriablas 80 a multiple R was computed The ~ultiple R
between 8cores on the acale and E)ge and education was bullbulla About 16
of the variance on ttese 8cores is trus predictablo from age and
education
A 1 test using the formula for carrelatad observations I UlliS done
on t9 deta from the future nd present t1Bllles of tg sc-ale T-e
bullbull
29
-~---------=l GJ8d Schaal bull 6 High School 0- __0
S COlla amiddotmiddotmiddota i
4 yra Collage bull ibull
G_ Amiddot 7- 0
bull bull - - 0 JI bullbull bull N
a
laquo
Old 1l1ddla
AGE
riquE 1 Ian acorbullbull on the attitude Bcele or the foul lIducaUone1 lavl plotted againet eg The highsr ths cors on the aeale the are liberal 01 accepting or change are the reapondenta
lJ
Did Jj a dIIle 0 0 Yatal Il- --D
11
bull
1 2 3
poundDUCATIObullbullL~V[LS
1M a bull _ne the ttltwde elbullbullr th thne poupe plt1M11 lwl The hlp Uw _ on the ele the _n 111 01 --URe or h nepond_e
31
1 - oMbullbullbull 36~)l (p lt 111) 1ndl0U auort tor th hypol
that Cthollcbullbullre _rbullbullcoepting or chabullbull alrdy lMt1 tutad than
they 1 of future hypothlzd chang
U lOR IlOllDUAL nos
S ot the 1t_ in the ttltudbullbullcalbullbullr8 ot bullbulldl Intt
btlcauae thf rtl~ot tUtudU r bull IMt iltpartnett in th
Cetllo110 Churgt todey Itbullbull 6 11 13 end 16 hev be n anAlyzlld
IIDrtl ull y than thtt othr And 1 preted 1n th U1 our
fgur to how th ulte In tr d taU ttaaa 6 11 and 13
wre ~ the uture pert 0 the 8cal and it 16 1 the prt
pert 0 th ace1
lba t
f lIUr8 3 the pnta or Meh I Ihel 111 th 1t_
bull (Dlvo-rrr1d Ctho1icbullbullhou1d b p~tted to raciv the
bullbullonu illy C-uon van though thlr bullbullaond urlbullbullbull
1 inval1d according to na~al tndard) Ovral 61 ot the
r bullbullpond t bullbullbullreed that 01 involved ln invalld 111hould
bbullbull11_0 to rbullbulliv the aat rlgur 3 that ln ach
group at l t ~a~ ot the repond ahaI thl preibullbulliv attltudbullbull
In the youngr ana _1 educatd lrouP _lIIOt 7b~ or ttl raepondant bull
bull xpl dlt with pnnt polley Svnty-toUl IGent or th
rnat wlth a 0011 eduoat1an agreed to bull changbullbullbull d1d 68)11 0 th r8apondant undr thirty y or bullbullbullbull
32
Old Yaung
I~-- -gt- bullbullbull
56~ 5~
- 1
7t~ ~ ~
f
_IDIUJ fiayenr 3 Thl pen_tag 1n ROh II 1-inI _th It 6 J_ 6 Dlvolc- llbd Catha110bull bull haul It t Icl n aact ( otal1r -Uftlon) bull theulh nll bullbull cencI_1 1 bull lavU aoollldl to --
Gbullbull SohaDl
Call
33
DIIl1 rl 4 vee theu1t 0 the VllY itbull U (PII
ehould _t U ta _fty) OvU 57j or the ehUloh
Cthollbullbull 1ft 1 bullbulltud) Ind1oat that th dl with the Cethol1
ChulGhf poUe) 0 bullbull1J_ 0 h al St __ 0 th IIhUlGh _th bull 1tecI DOn aU_ 111 w1~
t pall SJn 1M 0 h young - dl
with t polla) ~ the yaur Cathctll0 wih bull DOll
eduoatlon ~ dlred wlh th 01011 polle
Hau (leuI 5 tivu Ue peentege 1ft -h tIlI wUh
It_ 13 (__ t VI all__ 0 I bullbullU) A t
mt dl wlth hi U 1 eu t be yl that h would
1n evo 0 heving _1 aly Jn the Cthta1la Chunn uno to 81_
wlth th Ita bullbull p 1 to vo the prt peltAl i al
th data thet the bullbullt _Jult 0 to accept prlbullbull at hI U OwaU 16 C d with the
lOhl~ltlon 0 1 al) Thl t-wo proan or hdeft with a eoU eductaU 1I1d with he plOhUalUan 0 _11ft pl bullbull
EducaUan bull- to IIbullbull Ill to In eooep 0 __ pllbullbull
heft
ll a (1 6 V hlta D th MI_ on 1- 11 (To a
catholl0 It 1 ft to ta1n an ye 0 U elel nh
cantHI dvlo end the W th aontnl pill) Th data h at
34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
- Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and practices correlated with age and education
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u I ___ ampeIl- bullbullbullbullbull bull ft _ _ Ute bullbullbullIal ttI
(ItO) _It_ tit _ r bull u-
_ cata1kl_ r ial MI l _ __
the rena or ur 1tl-1 _
T UftCu_ lflaftUFlU etMlf can atullito -1) tIMlla ttt _Dla _ by ttta 11bull 1M cUrt t 1a DaU ft _atoleMl au_ II bU _tbu athbull a at middotU _ Ubullbullbull 111-1 til I bull-1tva ta hn 1_- t bull aun do __tuft fII Cetttel181aabull _ tlly 0middot the ctftaU Ctt la 1M 1ft bullbull ftde ot ita U1_ fillbull ua n Cabullbulllie Qwnb _ _Ub peUUal JIIln _ Will ___ CeHmiddot _ teI laUMII aybull pl 1 U ashy Ja ur ianbullbullbullIf rau w the ne lob -Uti- I bull oul ala _ uu lewd_ Ie raew De tha btalp Uu Cathell Jtlursu_ t _ __
__ Catllelt8 cma UIceU
ttw_ rabullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull 1Me 1 _
Ie tlOftll Jaftmiddot the at-Ullft ( 101) bull
1lU ca1 a the 11 U IIIIlAIW
ala1ll alUlauF _ _I-a ) 1Ml1Md lWI
III MD dUCATI lit IICIIL AlIt) 1EUtIIbullbull A1fmtlll
a t __ 1 - --Uta- bullbull nlaUaattip t at
_ law_uaa _th nU 1a
ta ~ wiUl It I -JHUve aeoid lie
raquo -It _ MtatRl W _ at __
~ or 11111- leU 1
lIeUs- -- nUt1- - shy
1dta1 bullbull Ue MIl _tal 11
tftalel1ll - F title ___ 111 laWaet w ~_ tile ulllltlbull U_ till _
eU ~t u _ bullbullbullbullt __ _lal
-- -~
_a u _ 1Iut lute aU_ a _ U_
la _ bullbullbullbull181 _deIaIa fa Ute ~ __
Ie aU fit - Uta AU 111 til
u u _ bullm aM _
ampII II UtI
y Ie lNIl-a
wiU _ It 1 _uti 1111)
Cl1 (UII) t __ ta ll I li11
thH 11111 lie middotmiddot1Atl__d to bullbullbullbull tl1a poUUl
11 01_ he II III tIda Ie
bull u bullbullbullbull II c (INI)
tIIebull -J ~
11
tlaat sa iM W II
-a ampttl- JIl eWebull
- 1_ 1 Ja U 11 aItI
pbullbullle de 1 s err _ 1_ ~bullbull 1913)
11debullbull __ bullbullbullbull t bull u at 11 ca lSI)bull
1 (1111) bullbullbullbullbullbull 11_ t -
bullbullbullbulld _ JJItInl Ja nI bull U _ fI 7bulla
t -1 1a W
1lt III8UtI a thbull bullbullbullbullbull_ l Utbullbull la tile
_ ell_ a bull
-1 u aU_ 1 ltIUeillue WIr u- Ja catM1te
CItunIl
Sa d_ eampwlUaau __ lit u 1 lie 81-1 a1 -leu or VI_ bull ill Ul It all
u un _ --_ at peUUea1 aal shy
_ It __bull tun eM W tilbullbullbullbullbull1111
(It11) -- 1At 1
tha _ dl_ h ru~
tel - I bullbullW fit __
u wa pauJa _ It hie _ til
ISbullbull M- IeIIa_ lila
u III _ titbullbull I __ lIIdllen __Us 1M
Uu uftly
n Ie __ t bull ve _taU_
~ Uu Jft _ UIl-- tll_ staa-k
(12) ntlltl-- tU wan tvu at u ft bull _ b (1_) MIl
n ttl II Clatholad u _ bullbull t-- II -u-1 lawIl u_ Uvel
I 1a t tha 0 nllp_ nU
u1 dlffteu1U te A 11 ft th (0_ 1) bullbullu 111 Ie __
briefl til ~ lda flit ___bull leUtlshy
1 na _11bull lite -lUUet r NI1t1_ bull
to dudI dt18u1t ~
(1161) u _DUlti Ita atudl_ w tile bull -l1 _u lIIdr
- tudy ill _tit nil tIel1i the eue__
tlltIII he t IP hi theeI) atItJ1_ liIIDe
tn 1e bull _ CIIthell pleat 11a
_ cathoU___ 11 a teHt ta _ bull
tatuUbullbullshy tl the dbullbulld bull 11_
-tdaI It 1n the __ poundIIhU Ounh hila
13
Th v~iabl 0 age nd duction w~ chobullbulln bullbull th 0 pa~ticulu int~bullbullt Th popultion ra whioh the bullbullpl in the
p~bullbulllIftt tudy i dnwn oonit 0 -11 parthbullbull d bullbulloh paih
contin popl 0 11 age and ductional lvlbullbullinc the~ i only
on p~ih in ach loction Thue th~ i no pobullbullibi1ity 0 peop1
g on duotional 1vl o~ ag lvl wo~hipp1ng and int~acting bullbull
bull bullbullprat ~l1g1au group The popultiDn thu to bbullbull auitabl
on in which to t bullbullt the hypathbullbulli that ligioubullbullttitudbullbull v~y w1th
age nd duction
sbullbullbulltudibullbullbull~ piW only t givn ta Stau~middot (1955)
tudy 0 cCa~thyi_ and r ting~ Rick and Sohchw (156)
tudy 0 ~ligiou c~ii could only b dona t tibullbullbull when the ph_
to b invbullbullt1gtd o~ed t~bullbulllvaa to the ob~v Today tu~o11
ov~ changbullbull in the II Ctho1ic C~ch to o~ thi typo
oppo~tun1ty to the pnt ~bullbullbullbull~ch~ Chang i the tt~ 0 g~t bullbullt
concm in the Catholic Chu~ch t pnt Ctwt will b optionally
dfined ro~ the pu~_ 0 thi invbullbulltigtion bullbull any a1t~1ng or beli
o~ practic aong catholic that ha takn p1c 1n the pbullbullt t ty
ybullbull~ o~ i bullbullted o~ the o~bullbullabl utu~bullbull
Sinc the ch taking plac CDv~ Mfty pha bullbullbull 0 Ctho1ic li
it bullbull conaided pobullbulliIl1 to contNct bullbullcal 0 it ~latd to
thbullbullbull changbullbull and uabullbull p~aanbullbullco~ on thibullbullca1 indicto~
0 hibullbullttitudbullbull t ~ thbullbullbull chang ro~ the pu~pobullbullbull 0 thibullbulltudy
bull 1ib1 w optiona11y dined on who avo~bullbull chang and bull
contrvat1vbullbullbull on who oppobullbullbull chang The 1ib~-conbullbullrvativ
continuUII i otn on wed in rligioubullbullttitud r~ch (Ii 1965)
and i bull ci11y lIPP~opdtbullbullinc HUg10n i l1y conid~d
10
a conaarativa oc1al forc aut thi 1 not ly true and religiau
backing 1 otten g1 to libeNl and rad1cal c_d 01 udl chWlO
It bullbullbull conaldarad of pnctieal nd theoretical intet to dtlII1 if
hatarogenalty 0 ttltuda toward elliou obJact exlted in ordinay
0DnOrtion corying IIlth ag and aducation If 0 thi would
relat ralilau attitud to thobullbull ound In other ar Of nuan 11a
n i thue the nl pua 0 hibullbulltucly to clIPitaU tha
preat crl1bullbull c~a -thln tha ~n Clic Church and data~e
i l1011U attituda do ind vary in ralation to a MCI acIuoaUon
It cana1drecl d bullbulllr~a to hold tha dr 0 raliiaue
ailiation and Uta Ie actor abullbullttlltl _ pbullbulllItl to teat I htl that th i ariatl wi thl -snaU_l popu1aU
Thi 1 accaplihad ~y bullbull1otlng a population or retUlarly churchmiddot
ttandlng Catholic Peopl 0- labal t~lea a Catholic --Ply
baaauaa c1a pau or ~cauaa 0 tradltiGMl aaeealaUo
thll aa11y with the Cathollc Church IUGh aUlatiM eM haldly ~
acceptllCl aa a I_t or tlUlt Church rattl 1 aac-Rc or
Cathollc bal1e and pneUo To 1M IU chaol a ehch l
population cannot takn pr 0 the Ject t or
MIL llut it at l_t ur that lUI 1 are 1ft touch
wi th the c occurring 1ft the Cahl1c Church and hat Utaa e
have _ io OIl ir liv d hence ar 1 u tIt_ at l bullbullt
In aft aanae 0 the te
statiUoaUy lJlllti the populatlon tie chWoh-attandera do
rave or tII vari_l11y that would ~ lUnd it he papulation
1 del a oiU 0 anyone who Oh the lallNtl 0 Catholic lut thibullbullWely 1 not ifttareatad ln rl1iy t attitud_
11
that lie u 11middot lIIIIk 1M
th4I It _ 1t1a M
IIau _11 VII1yent11 al n
__ UM fill bullbullbullbullbull
the of bullbullbull __ a_ _ _VtI u 1a _ _
_ catMUe JU1l1 till _ t_
aW
I MLlIICf
uu ta tuIIy abe r_ fit
at _II bull lell Ill It e
_u leila (1_)bull
bull Ii bullbullbullbull -- e __ IIUl 1bullbulltI iAtt bullbullbull __ (II Ia) ruu I Ill bullbullbull JMiwitlual _1 IdbullbullIt _ (p_
bull tud1 ell _ fill
1 bullbull11 _ IIIIB leU (I)
bull tuIIy 1 thU Cdtu_
thtIl ~ 1UaUea _ 1 __ de u_ bull cw (1 lis n_tat_ bull _ ~I
11 bullbull_tIbull N lieU __ t ad_ ia
U _ of the - cathu 1
-al t -u vI -1c1aI
t I bullbull 111 Itt cau poundMacIft lleDt tItle
~ d t h1e a1_
16
-- 1 __ lIeUa tha bullbullbullbullbull will lie
ale __ _ ____
Iel and 1~eto (1965) elM PDIt that Ute gnup lp
or the ilMnt Mould be ken lA_ 1ft _~tude ah
They ehawed tha JMta ~ to lawft ~ bullbullPI bull
(bullbulltal deairab111ty) and L (Ua) _1_ heR ttlbullbullI1-nt_ a
cauouc 1t traquo MAtIld ~lt bullbull IMotOh then he
la Accen1ng It thia tudy - adaln1aU 0 h tna~t
by a 11_t -ould both helIt iM thbullbullaUaldl1ty h
8IIIt CllDUiINt______in U u_ IIh1I1
CMAmlll
I Il1MODI - HIT 1
ml f It shyThe ~ 11 aU lie ounlRM 1
~ bullbull ___ ~ 1 -la 1ft the pu 111 nMlv _ Me
tutu bullu _ an1 will he
at h _ Al1_ Ml (1161) __ tn
u lilt nUU __ 1_ bull
a1 _ uu u - _v - - The pUM n bullbullbull _ PllMI11
s- 1 __ 1eWM _we ca
wI Uu_ _
at bullbullbullbullbullbull
lle bullbullbullntt bullbull W leW bull _ _ _
1___Uwa1 bullbullbullbullbullbull 1 he 1eahtaJ Uta __~
-Uuel bullbull_1 1 All 1 bull
111bullbull1 an MIa In ie
- Catlu cane 1ft U
1ft to W
_ t at u_ _ at u
11
mal tN _a AU tile
1 1ft thla e bull u bullt - tba or the
u __ fit 1Mt At Ut U the lUI t JuI n - hit dl__ ( lN1) 1111_
tnIlllllllJe _ alAe _tIl tWI 1ft dIdIIt
Ill 1 hi
W m they fit _t ~
u-au_ TN_ _ 101
I 1INUMd ampb _Ill II pel _U
_111 ~_ -1 _ In
he u- __ 1 ampII
- A 11_ the - _ 1 11 III _ h
- aa he
1 bPl _ u
lftIIIII fA ple
V cal __ - tutu 01
1IIdamp rtan tie bullbull or CltNl_ 1ft
bullbullbullbullM MUM --_
It _ bullbullbullbullbull ta _ 1Ile ull 1111
_til the 1 11 1ft eteh
U tMIlftIII Illcuit 81th
IIltly U lhatl bull ___ IIJ he r
I bull
a hen tid u tNnr
1- - dun __ _
-
Cathllll or al 1tIheIt 11 II -r shy_111M lap _ne
Oft hi 1 _1M _
1M 18 - _t __ lI1ruu
IIlll-Mlr nNaU h Md _ bullbullbull round to be _
(eo ~ ta _ NUl) eh
bull -Ill - - - r --t thin 1- 1111 rtl1 r he _
to 0 wil Nt U uat11
_ Ie ~ th_ hln _ _ u-I tdth bull WhIt to ttl l _ iii
1Ml 1 Chunh 18tV111 hbullbullbull_ All he 1_ eleaed -s Iftla In V h cU eW
Oft bull - II1Iu1al r
bullUIIy or -- 1_ (1 3 I _ 20T I lI 1bullbull 16 17 II
I nrua) ntUhIIII u bIlinl ~ - CUMll
Chunh The IIhu (It 1 It 6bullbullt 10 U U II I)
to ttl I bullbull tal cell
Chi_ hi 1-middot plaeed -l8JIea w tbu
10
_ - tiN
11bullbull1 a _ _ _- n () -1 tie _ bull 11
______hi bullbullbullbullbull _hi all__ JaI bull
_ nt (au tNII C
__ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullat _ taIIlil
I eu nbullbull Ml ___
a - Ilut - _ tMN JM1 _ and
-1 til ~ - bull I shy
abullbull IIM UIIt til h
rbullbull bullbull IIbullbull
I ___ 1II1et WIIl _ it_ -l nI
IIu 11 III - tN 11
_ al W I ilia Nt SIal M
ltI -d 1D Ud at au _
-111 s UIuIl _ lie autleWl 1M MUM
bull bullbullbull 1_ - _
_ at AU 1ft 1 of -
U _ ~ _tal petntSamp1 _
_ W ~bullbulld plPi_ in
tN Nel fit ~ he caubullbull n bullbullbull11 the 1M th _
t21 L ~ fMM - w_ fit (1) bullbullau _
21
itbout chng to p~t good dicrilnatlon alone the liberalshy
conervativ continuua ror pl In the rea or clrical dieiplinbull
ny Catholic ar eoncrnd with the prbullbullbullnt harta9 or clr9Y In
Catholic prih Thi uaually ratbullbullbull the quatian at clarical
clibcy Three it (2 11 and 15) perltt the rbullbullpondant to
diacrilnate bull 11ttle In 111 attitude toward hi tutUI ching Ite
11 bullbullrly ak it the chang to rrid clrlY 1bullbullIreable to the
rbullbullpendant It 2 bullbullk ir bull r bullbullpondnt thinka thi chang would rbullbullu1t
in lood bullbullrvic to peepl It 15 ineerpotbullbull the bullbullt rrquant
oent in the rirt two pilot tudibullbull whioh iapUbullbull tht thi chang
to nld clrgy llight raul t in battr bullbullrvic baerried
clrgy would hv bttr inaight into rly lir It i rbl to
ua tht bull preon ight ccapt bull chang to bull nid olrlY van
though bdobullbull not rbullbullbullbullbull it bullbull rbullbullu1ting in _d or bttr bullbullrvic but
bullbullrly beubullbull h d It noy to the bullbullitanc or the Churoh bullbull
h k it Hbullbullilht 10 think _nid clrgy auld 11v bttbullbull
bullbullbullvic or llight nat H could 10 think bullbullrried clrgy would liv
ltettr bullbullrvio but prrr the clibat olrlY h hebull awn cautDaad to
Thue 11 thr it hlp dicrillit bullbull r~ntmiddotbullbullttitud taad
thi chantbullbull
Th caaaant or dir r antbullbull180 indicted _ canebullbulln
over the poalUon cr woan in the Chuch T_ itbullbull tap thibullbull1bullbull cr
change It 1 chck the pandentmiddot tUtude to_rd bull intbullbulll
paUcipaUon by _en in worhlp nd it 15 chck hibullbulltUtUde toward
bull rl clrgy
It 16 and 18 both chok the bullbullbullpendant attitude t 1d the
ua_ of uthorlty in the Churoh Itaa 9 10 and 12 are all concrned
22
wi In hip U_ in he ChINh 1- 4 If 14
en bull __ _th he 1IffId1dU_ r the _ 111
Ute w ubullbullr u Ctweh all ani u hM
_ tile da 11bull CetMllM
th- tit~ _tdtIen W bull -Ia _
_ 1ft CNIlJ Ua ha en a _ I he
CltNIUL
f1M1 n lfI 1M Thl lnal _all _ leld Me lay -1At 11_ to 6U Calhal1M
~ vial 1A _1 parllh in I -n aagon au
DOIIPlated U 111 the allot tJu __1tIg tohl
II1ddla or tttl 111bullbull and _ __ -kad for a
~rr or tl rtlilU1ta
A epllt-halr nllelAlUbullbullaJG1ant Gtd tor the de
obtaineG nil heM tiO ta and _ tllUftd to be A co~relaU_
an thl uwn and t hal the 1Dampl __MIt
_ampI ou_ t bl ill
II IETMIDI NIT 11
Th Catall adahop ~I 1 tact
_1_ ta thl ftMa to any ar $tsa palJt 0 hI ____
the Itudy The filioo_ t lMIIJcI _ 0 catam 0
-J bull t 32 auINRlta _ parun ar he pa-__ Ira _U
1- than 20 tU ut ttbullbull fa bull la1 peJah_ and the
lan1 deAlcted that bull tnUfia_Una lan would orbullbull
23
bettr bull 1 or the population Th parihs wer dlvided into thr
group (1 - 200 rtltbullbull 201 - 00 r-111bullbull and 401 - 600 raillbullbull )
Dna parih each rroa the two larger group and our aall pariaha wr
randoaly bullbulllactad a the pl or par1h to bbullbullurv~ad Thue tha
ubJect contitut a randaa stretirid ple or the church-going
population or the R Catholic D10c of BIIcr Sinc thre 1 only
one Catholic paih in the bullbull1 town and ciUbullbull or E_tern OnIOn all
church10ing Catholic or th1 ara ar OlOad to worhip together thus
abullbulluring the bullbuller1llntr t t the vadablbullbull or 1Ig and ducation will
b rairly rprntativ or the entir Catholic population or the ar
The experientr a Cathol1c pribullbullt orrioiated at the regular
Sunday erv1cbullbull or the padshbullbull included in the ple During the tibullbull
in tha service regularly devoted to a eran he aked the u~r to pa
out copis or the attitude acale and pencil to bar or the
congregation Arter thbullbullbull -d been distributed the Eucpedantar read
the introductory paragraph or the quUonnair to the congregation H
requeted thelr cooplation in coapltiO the it and orr8led to
anwer any quetion when the elvice over Tanty ainut war
allotad to the subject ror coaplation of ttle attitude cal The
bullbullrvice _ concluded in the usual annel and the ePerinter anred
any quetion that c up
A and EdypaUal Lbullbulll bull
for the purpo anal ying the data or the tudy the ubJectbull
bullbullre dividd into thrbullbull aoe IIOUP and rour ducation 11OUP thus
living a _trix 0 t_lv call The age IIOUPbullbullbullr (1) Jct
24
btn IS-30 yar 0 ao (2) eubJaot btn 31-50 yar (3)
ubJct 51 yn 0 or oldr Thi dlvllon baed uan bullbullvnI
conidration ThbullbullubJeot in the irt ege group have lived aot or
thair livbullbull in a changing Catholic Church It i bullbull~acted that they
will be Muoh more accpting 0 change then the other groupbullbullince changa
1 1bullbullbull unuual to th Tha ubJact In the bullbullcand group havs pant
01 or their live in bull Church that did little changing end hence are
expected to b 1bullbullbull accepting Dr chang The third group Ul hava
pnt Much ora t1bullbull than ither 0 tha other group in an unchanging
rligiou atbullbullpher It i bullbull~ected that thy wiU b the t
conervativ group
The division 0 ducation into our lvelbullbullbullbullbullbulld the 8Ot
p~tical ro tha tandpoint at the gneral population to bbullbullurvayd
Gradbullbullchool high chaol __ ooUaobullbull Md a caplatad tour yaar
oollg education bullbullra oanaidred tha aibullbullt diviion to k in our
population aina they ak undratandable diviiona 01 the rapandania
lind each lavl oanUtutbullbull an appreciabl aducational dierenca Ya
at chool caplstad thue conatitutesour oparational dtinitian or
education
III PREOICTIONS
In the lioht 0 tha previous diacu ion and tha r bullbullult at tha
pilot tucUbullbull the allowing pred1ctiona bullbullre _dbullbull
1 Scarbullbull an the prbullbullant hal a the acale will b highr than
acorbullbull on the utuw halt Thi prdiction t bullbullted ith a tet
ror correlated data
2 Younger Catholic bullbullUl tend to be 01 liberal or accepting
25
tit _ A rtAun MIl ttl caul
latlaa _ ~ toe teet 1 ypo
J eav11bullbullbull111 Ie -_ r _
to u will with 1_ renal A _rn1eUon _
t w hy~bullbull
DtAPTII 111
TIIIIIle 1 vee the __ bull bullhe tUIIa Mample
bull bullbull1 lPtti A tnIl
lQM hi aW- II lO1S
_ ubullbullIe n leta _ bull
TM _ _ the -1 21
to iIIplrl _ the ~ _ bullbull _- p1Me
NI ten h
TIIIJ1e 1 v t 14 iD tile bull AVi tnI UlnaIbullbulldbullbull
aIl TNwe a I
hiIhl ~ tie Thi moa - cauu u ~
__u VIan U Ie The
bull _ MI a lea _
u- tee __ tqb
TM _ 1A TIIIIla 1 II at t _ u Uta _ 1M U ten_
- -
27
TAamppound J
bullbullEI or II POt DUCATl IIOUP
IIAI bull ntl anl1l8r 8CampI
Old ~ (a bull raquoa)(ft bull 113) (bullbull m)
middot ~~--~~~ - r---~~~ 2-l i I
~ i ~ ~ I )~--middot~---iimiddotmiddot---~~~middot~_~_~middotn i
I j II UI I bull III I n 11- i bull 124 I bull 111bull bull 84 I
~ 1
_-------middot4---middotmiddotmiddot_middot+------1
~ bull-1 n
bull bull 111 bull bull 116bull 10
-bull bull 121
1
(n bull UI)
shy
1
(a bull 3-)
cu (bullbull 2U)
bull mmiddot CoU
(a bull 17)
In fig 1 the mean IIOOfeamp or eech educUonal grC1lp 18 plotld
c)gd not dye Lowr scures middotIe indio gtl1vn of conE1rvatislII 8nll h bull gher
soor~s of 11b8ld eta Of groilolr cceptfnc1 of ot) nge Hmiddot~ d t et(JW b
tlf900 tOWfO mo EG libel 1 tti tUt19sin youngt respondentG 19
mi((UfII-gIH t~iQr 9croo1 gredudtas were just eligrtly more LblSral t n
tc younger ligl school QridIJt~S The corrsltion btlDaan 8core8 on
tilm dtitude 8cle finc -g9 was 51 Ulhich is atntist~cll) signifLclnt
t ttlpound bull 11 lsvsl TrG corrailttion between accres on tre attitud~3 scel~
1)nd age wlth educaration prtialled aut was 36 TNa younglill pelOjlla sro
SEHn to bs signlficanU) more accepting 01 change ttln older people
In fig 1 tt-a tH8n COrliS or each gloup ale plott td Il9Ilnet
th~ four Qduc~1tionEll 18113 Thli trend toward l1Il rEt liberal attitiJdo6
wi t ncroiJsnr F1iJCation is slimn in thfll graph Tta eorriltloUon butween
scar on tI~ GCelA ana echoicbull tion 118$ bull ti wlch is 8ignifiCtlnt (tt the
Jl lEtllel n~ corrsl~t1on betwgon scor on ttt~ IICel ~nd f4duQtton
lIIitt ugo pltrtiall~d out lIIes 3amp Thue edUcation is e~n to bil
signifiesntly relatQd to aecfgtptftMC8 at cr~ngo more aduc tad rlJsjJondpnts
tanding to ecclpt ctangua molS r9i11dil) th~in lee oducated 0098
Ttfl date Indice ted t~ilt tlere was no CIOfInlEltion bt~ttl1m1n )gc QItd
sducation (I -db) t Impling no overlap 1n the variance aoountilc for
by the two voriablas 80 a multiple R was computed The ~ultiple R
between 8cores on the acale and E)ge and education was bullbulla About 16
of the variance on ttese 8cores is trus predictablo from age and
education
A 1 test using the formula for carrelatad observations I UlliS done
on t9 deta from the future nd present t1Bllles of tg sc-ale T-e
bullbull
29
-~---------=l GJ8d Schaal bull 6 High School 0- __0
S COlla amiddotmiddotmiddota i
4 yra Collage bull ibull
G_ Amiddot 7- 0
bull bull - - 0 JI bullbull bull N
a
laquo
Old 1l1ddla
AGE
riquE 1 Ian acorbullbull on the attitude Bcele or the foul lIducaUone1 lavl plotted againet eg The highsr ths cors on the aeale the are liberal 01 accepting or change are the reapondenta
lJ
Did Jj a dIIle 0 0 Yatal Il- --D
11
bull
1 2 3
poundDUCATIObullbullL~V[LS
1M a bull _ne the ttltwde elbullbullr th thne poupe plt1M11 lwl The hlp Uw _ on the ele the _n 111 01 --URe or h nepond_e
31
1 - oMbullbullbull 36~)l (p lt 111) 1ndl0U auort tor th hypol
that Cthollcbullbullre _rbullbullcoepting or chabullbull alrdy lMt1 tutad than
they 1 of future hypothlzd chang
U lOR IlOllDUAL nos
S ot the 1t_ in the ttltudbullbullcalbullbullr8 ot bullbulldl Intt
btlcauae thf rtl~ot tUtudU r bull IMt iltpartnett in th
Cetllo110 Churgt todey Itbullbull 6 11 13 end 16 hev be n anAlyzlld
IIDrtl ull y than thtt othr And 1 preted 1n th U1 our
fgur to how th ulte In tr d taU ttaaa 6 11 and 13
wre ~ the uture pert 0 the 8cal and it 16 1 the prt
pert 0 th ace1
lba t
f lIUr8 3 the pnta or Meh I Ihel 111 th 1t_
bull (Dlvo-rrr1d Ctho1icbullbullhou1d b p~tted to raciv the
bullbullonu illy C-uon van though thlr bullbullaond urlbullbullbull
1 inval1d according to na~al tndard) Ovral 61 ot the
r bullbullpond t bullbullbullreed that 01 involved ln invalld 111hould
bbullbull11_0 to rbullbulliv the aat rlgur 3 that ln ach
group at l t ~a~ ot the repond ahaI thl preibullbulliv attltudbullbull
In the youngr ana _1 educatd lrouP _lIIOt 7b~ or ttl raepondant bull
bull xpl dlt with pnnt polley Svnty-toUl IGent or th
rnat wlth a 0011 eduoat1an agreed to bull changbullbullbull d1d 68)11 0 th r8apondant undr thirty y or bullbullbullbull
32
Old Yaung
I~-- -gt- bullbullbull
56~ 5~
- 1
7t~ ~ ~
f
_IDIUJ fiayenr 3 Thl pen_tag 1n ROh II 1-inI _th It 6 J_ 6 Dlvolc- llbd Catha110bull bull haul It t Icl n aact ( otal1r -Uftlon) bull theulh nll bullbull cencI_1 1 bull lavU aoollldl to --
Gbullbull SohaDl
Call
33
DIIl1 rl 4 vee theu1t 0 the VllY itbull U (PII
ehould _t U ta _fty) OvU 57j or the ehUloh
Cthollbullbull 1ft 1 bullbulltud) Ind1oat that th dl with the Cethol1
ChulGhf poUe) 0 bullbull1J_ 0 h al St __ 0 th IIhUlGh _th bull 1tecI DOn aU_ 111 w1~
t pall SJn 1M 0 h young - dl
with t polla) ~ the yaur Cathctll0 wih bull DOll
eduoatlon ~ dlred wlh th 01011 polle
Hau (leuI 5 tivu Ue peentege 1ft -h tIlI wUh
It_ 13 (__ t VI all__ 0 I bullbullU) A t
mt dl wlth hi U 1 eu t be yl that h would
1n evo 0 heving _1 aly Jn the Cthta1la Chunn uno to 81_
wlth th Ita bullbull p 1 to vo the prt peltAl i al
th data thet the bullbullt _Jult 0 to accept prlbullbull at hI U OwaU 16 C d with the
lOhl~ltlon 0 1 al) Thl t-wo proan or hdeft with a eoU eductaU 1I1d with he plOhUalUan 0 _11ft pl bullbull
EducaUan bull- to IIbullbull Ill to In eooep 0 __ pllbullbull
heft
ll a (1 6 V hlta D th MI_ on 1- 11 (To a
catholl0 It 1 ft to ta1n an ye 0 U elel nh
cantHI dvlo end the W th aontnl pill) Th data h at
34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
- Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and practices correlated with age and education
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-
raquo -It _ MtatRl W _ at __
~ or 11111- leU 1
lIeUs- -- nUt1- - shy
1dta1 bullbull Ue MIl _tal 11
tftalel1ll - F title ___ 111 laWaet w ~_ tile ulllltlbull U_ till _
eU ~t u _ bullbullbullbullt __ _lal
-- -~
_a u _ 1Iut lute aU_ a _ U_
la _ bullbullbullbull181 _deIaIa fa Ute ~ __
Ie aU fit - Uta AU 111 til
u u _ bullm aM _
ampII II UtI
y Ie lNIl-a
wiU _ It 1 _uti 1111)
Cl1 (UII) t __ ta ll I li11
thH 11111 lie middotmiddot1Atl__d to bullbullbullbull tl1a poUUl
11 01_ he II III tIda Ie
bull u bullbullbullbull II c (INI)
tIIebull -J ~
11
tlaat sa iM W II
-a ampttl- JIl eWebull
- 1_ 1 Ja U 11 aItI
pbullbullle de 1 s err _ 1_ ~bullbull 1913)
11debullbull __ bullbullbullbull t bull u at 11 ca lSI)bull
1 (1111) bullbullbullbullbullbull 11_ t -
bullbullbullbulld _ JJItInl Ja nI bull U _ fI 7bulla
t -1 1a W
1lt III8UtI a thbull bullbullbullbullbull_ l Utbullbull la tile
_ ell_ a bull
-1 u aU_ 1 ltIUeillue WIr u- Ja catM1te
CItunIl
Sa d_ eampwlUaau __ lit u 1 lie 81-1 a1 -leu or VI_ bull ill Ul It all
u un _ --_ at peUUea1 aal shy
_ It __bull tun eM W tilbullbullbullbullbull1111
(It11) -- 1At 1
tha _ dl_ h ru~
tel - I bullbullW fit __
u wa pauJa _ It hie _ til
ISbullbull M- IeIIa_ lila
u III _ titbullbull I __ lIIdllen __Us 1M
Uu uftly
n Ie __ t bull ve _taU_
~ Uu Jft _ UIl-- tll_ staa-k
(12) ntlltl-- tU wan tvu at u ft bull _ b (1_) MIl
n ttl II Clatholad u _ bullbull t-- II -u-1 lawIl u_ Uvel
I 1a t tha 0 nllp_ nU
u1 dlffteu1U te A 11 ft th (0_ 1) bullbullu 111 Ie __
briefl til ~ lda flit ___bull leUtlshy
1 na _11bull lite -lUUet r NI1t1_ bull
to dudI dt18u1t ~
(1161) u _DUlti Ita atudl_ w tile bull -l1 _u lIIdr
- tudy ill _tit nil tIel1i the eue__
tlltIII he t IP hi theeI) atItJ1_ liIIDe
tn 1e bull _ CIIthell pleat 11a
_ cathoU___ 11 a teHt ta _ bull
tatuUbullbullshy tl the dbullbulld bull 11_
-tdaI It 1n the __ poundIIhU Ounh hila
13
Th v~iabl 0 age nd duction w~ chobullbulln bullbull th 0 pa~ticulu int~bullbullt Th popultion ra whioh the bullbullpl in the
p~bullbulllIftt tudy i dnwn oonit 0 -11 parthbullbull d bullbulloh paih
contin popl 0 11 age and ductional lvlbullbullinc the~ i only
on p~ih in ach loction Thue th~ i no pobullbullibi1ity 0 peop1
g on duotional 1vl o~ ag lvl wo~hipp1ng and int~acting bullbull
bull bullbullprat ~l1g1au group The popultiDn thu to bbullbull auitabl
on in which to t bullbullt the hypathbullbulli that ligioubullbullttitudbullbull v~y w1th
age nd duction
sbullbullbulltudibullbullbull~ piW only t givn ta Stau~middot (1955)
tudy 0 cCa~thyi_ and r ting~ Rick and Sohchw (156)
tudy 0 ~ligiou c~ii could only b dona t tibullbullbull when the ph_
to b invbullbullt1gtd o~ed t~bullbulllvaa to the ob~v Today tu~o11
ov~ changbullbull in the II Ctho1ic C~ch to o~ thi typo
oppo~tun1ty to the pnt ~bullbullbullbull~ch~ Chang i the tt~ 0 g~t bullbullt
concm in the Catholic Chu~ch t pnt Ctwt will b optionally
dfined ro~ the pu~_ 0 thi invbullbulltigtion bullbull any a1t~1ng or beli
o~ practic aong catholic that ha takn p1c 1n the pbullbullt t ty
ybullbull~ o~ i bullbullted o~ the o~bullbullabl utu~bullbull
Sinc the ch taking plac CDv~ Mfty pha bullbullbull 0 Ctho1ic li
it bullbull conaided pobullbulliIl1 to contNct bullbullcal 0 it ~latd to
thbullbullbull changbullbull and uabullbull p~aanbullbullco~ on thibullbullca1 indicto~
0 hibullbullttitudbullbull t ~ thbullbullbull chang ro~ the pu~pobullbullbull 0 thibullbulltudy
bull 1ib1 w optiona11y dined on who avo~bullbull chang and bull
contrvat1vbullbullbull on who oppobullbullbull chang The 1ib~-conbullbullrvativ
continuUII i otn on wed in rligioubullbullttitud r~ch (Ii 1965)
and i bull ci11y lIPP~opdtbullbullinc HUg10n i l1y conid~d
10
a conaarativa oc1al forc aut thi 1 not ly true and religiau
backing 1 otten g1 to libeNl and rad1cal c_d 01 udl chWlO
It bullbullbull conaldarad of pnctieal nd theoretical intet to dtlII1 if
hatarogenalty 0 ttltuda toward elliou obJact exlted in ordinay
0DnOrtion corying IIlth ag and aducation If 0 thi would
relat ralilau attitud to thobullbull ound In other ar Of nuan 11a
n i thue the nl pua 0 hibullbulltucly to clIPitaU tha
preat crl1bullbull c~a -thln tha ~n Clic Church and data~e
i l1011U attituda do ind vary in ralation to a MCI acIuoaUon
It cana1drecl d bullbulllr~a to hold tha dr 0 raliiaue
ailiation and Uta Ie actor abullbullttlltl _ pbullbulllItl to teat I htl that th i ariatl wi thl -snaU_l popu1aU
Thi 1 accaplihad ~y bullbull1otlng a population or retUlarly churchmiddot
ttandlng Catholic Peopl 0- labal t~lea a Catholic --Ply
baaauaa c1a pau or ~cauaa 0 tradltiGMl aaeealaUo
thll aa11y with the Cathollc Church IUGh aUlatiM eM haldly ~
acceptllCl aa a I_t or tlUlt Church rattl 1 aac-Rc or
Cathollc bal1e and pneUo To 1M IU chaol a ehch l
population cannot takn pr 0 the Ject t or
MIL llut it at l_t ur that lUI 1 are 1ft touch
wi th the c occurring 1ft the Cahl1c Church and hat Utaa e
have _ io OIl ir liv d hence ar 1 u tIt_ at l bullbullt
In aft aanae 0 the te
statiUoaUy lJlllti the populatlon tie chWoh-attandera do
rave or tII vari_l11y that would ~ lUnd it he papulation
1 del a oiU 0 anyone who Oh the lallNtl 0 Catholic lut thibullbullWely 1 not ifttareatad ln rl1iy t attitud_
11
that lie u 11middot lIIIIk 1M
th4I It _ 1t1a M
IIau _11 VII1yent11 al n
__ UM fill bullbullbullbullbull
the of bullbullbull __ a_ _ _VtI u 1a _ _
_ catMUe JU1l1 till _ t_
aW
I MLlIICf
uu ta tuIIy abe r_ fit
at _II bull lell Ill It e
_u leila (1_)bull
bull Ii bullbullbullbull -- e __ IIUl 1bullbulltI iAtt bullbullbull __ (II Ia) ruu I Ill bullbullbull JMiwitlual _1 IdbullbullIt _ (p_
bull tud1 ell _ fill
1 bullbull11 _ IIIIB leU (I)
bull tuIIy 1 thU Cdtu_
thtIl ~ 1UaUea _ 1 __ de u_ bull cw (1 lis n_tat_ bull _ ~I
11 bullbull_tIbull N lieU __ t ad_ ia
U _ of the - cathu 1
-al t -u vI -1c1aI
t I bullbull 111 Itt cau poundMacIft lleDt tItle
~ d t h1e a1_
16
-- 1 __ lIeUa tha bullbullbullbullbull will lie
ale __ _ ____
Iel and 1~eto (1965) elM PDIt that Ute gnup lp
or the ilMnt Mould be ken lA_ 1ft _~tude ah
They ehawed tha JMta ~ to lawft ~ bullbullPI bull
(bullbulltal deairab111ty) and L (Ua) _1_ heR ttlbullbullI1-nt_ a
cauouc 1t traquo MAtIld ~lt bullbull IMotOh then he
la Accen1ng It thia tudy - adaln1aU 0 h tna~t
by a 11_t -ould both helIt iM thbullbullaUaldl1ty h
8IIIt CllDUiINt______in U u_ IIh1I1
CMAmlll
I Il1MODI - HIT 1
ml f It shyThe ~ 11 aU lie ounlRM 1
~ bullbull ___ ~ 1 -la 1ft the pu 111 nMlv _ Me
tutu bullu _ an1 will he
at h _ Al1_ Ml (1161) __ tn
u lilt nUU __ 1_ bull
a1 _ uu u - _v - - The pUM n bullbullbull _ PllMI11
s- 1 __ 1eWM _we ca
wI Uu_ _
at bullbullbullbullbullbull
lle bullbullbullntt bullbull W leW bull _ _ _
1___Uwa1 bullbullbullbullbullbull 1 he 1eahtaJ Uta __~
-Uuel bullbull_1 1 All 1 bull
111bullbull1 an MIa In ie
- Catlu cane 1ft U
1ft to W
_ t at u_ _ at u
11
mal tN _a AU tile
1 1ft thla e bull u bullt - tba or the
u __ fit 1Mt At Ut U the lUI t JuI n - hit dl__ ( lN1) 1111_
tnIlllllllJe _ alAe _tIl tWI 1ft dIdIIt
Ill 1 hi
W m they fit _t ~
u-au_ TN_ _ 101
I 1INUMd ampb _Ill II pel _U
_111 ~_ -1 _ In
he u- __ 1 ampII
- A 11_ the - _ 1 11 III _ h
- aa he
1 bPl _ u
lftIIIII fA ple
V cal __ - tutu 01
1IIdamp rtan tie bullbull or CltNl_ 1ft
bullbullbullbullM MUM --_
It _ bullbullbullbullbull ta _ 1Ile ull 1111
_til the 1 11 1ft eteh
U tMIlftIII Illcuit 81th
IIltly U lhatl bull ___ IIJ he r
I bull
a hen tid u tNnr
1- - dun __ _
-
Cathllll or al 1tIheIt 11 II -r shy_111M lap _ne
Oft hi 1 _1M _
1M 18 - _t __ lI1ruu
IIlll-Mlr nNaU h Md _ bullbullbull round to be _
(eo ~ ta _ NUl) eh
bull -Ill - - - r --t thin 1- 1111 rtl1 r he _
to 0 wil Nt U uat11
_ Ie ~ th_ hln _ _ u-I tdth bull WhIt to ttl l _ iii
1Ml 1 Chunh 18tV111 hbullbullbull_ All he 1_ eleaed -s Iftla In V h cU eW
Oft bull - II1Iu1al r
bullUIIy or -- 1_ (1 3 I _ 20T I lI 1bullbull 16 17 II
I nrua) ntUhIIII u bIlinl ~ - CUMll
Chunh The IIhu (It 1 It 6bullbullt 10 U U II I)
to ttl I bullbull tal cell
Chi_ hi 1-middot plaeed -l8JIea w tbu
10
_ - tiN
11bullbull1 a _ _ _- n () -1 tie _ bull 11
______hi bullbullbullbullbull _hi all__ JaI bull
_ nt (au tNII C
__ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullat _ taIIlil
I eu nbullbull Ml ___
a - Ilut - _ tMN JM1 _ and
-1 til ~ - bull I shy
abullbull IIM UIIt til h
rbullbull bullbull IIbullbull
I ___ 1II1et WIIl _ it_ -l nI
IIu 11 III - tN 11
_ al W I ilia Nt SIal M
ltI -d 1D Ud at au _
-111 s UIuIl _ lie autleWl 1M MUM
bull bullbullbull 1_ - _
_ at AU 1ft 1 of -
U _ ~ _tal petntSamp1 _
_ W ~bullbulld plPi_ in
tN Nel fit ~ he caubullbull n bullbullbull11 the 1M th _
t21 L ~ fMM - w_ fit (1) bullbullau _
21
itbout chng to p~t good dicrilnatlon alone the liberalshy
conervativ continuua ror pl In the rea or clrical dieiplinbull
ny Catholic ar eoncrnd with the prbullbullbullnt harta9 or clr9Y In
Catholic prih Thi uaually ratbullbullbull the quatian at clarical
clibcy Three it (2 11 and 15) perltt the rbullbullpondant to
diacrilnate bull 11ttle In 111 attitude toward hi tutUI ching Ite
11 bullbullrly ak it the chang to rrid clrlY 1bullbullIreable to the
rbullbullpendant It 2 bullbullk ir bull r bullbullpondnt thinka thi chang would rbullbullu1t
in lood bullbullrvic to peepl It 15 ineerpotbullbull the bullbullt rrquant
oent in the rirt two pilot tudibullbull whioh iapUbullbull tht thi chang
to nld clrgy llight raul t in battr bullbullrvic baerried
clrgy would hv bttr inaight into rly lir It i rbl to
ua tht bull preon ight ccapt bull chang to bull nid olrlY van
though bdobullbull not rbullbullbullbullbull it bullbull rbullbullu1ting in _d or bttr bullbullrvic but
bullbullrly beubullbull h d It noy to the bullbullitanc or the Churoh bullbull
h k it Hbullbullilht 10 think _nid clrgy auld 11v bttbullbull
bullbullbullvic or llight nat H could 10 think bullbullrried clrgy would liv
ltettr bullbullrvio but prrr the clibat olrlY h hebull awn cautDaad to
Thue 11 thr it hlp dicrillit bullbull r~ntmiddotbullbullttitud taad
thi chantbullbull
Th caaaant or dir r antbullbull180 indicted _ canebullbulln
over the poalUon cr woan in the Chuch T_ itbullbull tap thibullbull1bullbull cr
change It 1 chck the pandentmiddot tUtude to_rd bull intbullbulll
paUcipaUon by _en in worhlp nd it 15 chck hibullbulltUtUde toward
bull rl clrgy
It 16 and 18 both chok the bullbullbullpendant attitude t 1d the
ua_ of uthorlty in the Churoh Itaa 9 10 and 12 are all concrned
22
wi In hip U_ in he ChINh 1- 4 If 14
en bull __ _th he 1IffId1dU_ r the _ 111
Ute w ubullbullr u Ctweh all ani u hM
_ tile da 11bull CetMllM
th- tit~ _tdtIen W bull -Ia _
_ 1ft CNIlJ Ua ha en a _ I he
CltNIUL
f1M1 n lfI 1M Thl lnal _all _ leld Me lay -1At 11_ to 6U Calhal1M
~ vial 1A _1 parllh in I -n aagon au
DOIIPlated U 111 the allot tJu __1tIg tohl
II1ddla or tttl 111bullbull and _ __ -kad for a
~rr or tl rtlilU1ta
A epllt-halr nllelAlUbullbullaJG1ant Gtd tor the de
obtaineG nil heM tiO ta and _ tllUftd to be A co~relaU_
an thl uwn and t hal the 1Dampl __MIt
_ampI ou_ t bl ill
II IETMIDI NIT 11
Th Catall adahop ~I 1 tact
_1_ ta thl ftMa to any ar $tsa palJt 0 hI ____
the Itudy The filioo_ t lMIIJcI _ 0 catam 0
-J bull t 32 auINRlta _ parun ar he pa-__ Ira _U
1- than 20 tU ut ttbullbull fa bull la1 peJah_ and the
lan1 deAlcted that bull tnUfia_Una lan would orbullbull
23
bettr bull 1 or the population Th parihs wer dlvided into thr
group (1 - 200 rtltbullbull 201 - 00 r-111bullbull and 401 - 600 raillbullbull )
Dna parih each rroa the two larger group and our aall pariaha wr
randoaly bullbulllactad a the pl or par1h to bbullbullurv~ad Thue tha
ubJect contitut a randaa stretirid ple or the church-going
population or the R Catholic D10c of BIIcr Sinc thre 1 only
one Catholic paih in the bullbull1 town and ciUbullbull or E_tern OnIOn all
church10ing Catholic or th1 ara ar OlOad to worhip together thus
abullbulluring the bullbuller1llntr t t the vadablbullbull or 1Ig and ducation will
b rairly rprntativ or the entir Catholic population or the ar
The experientr a Cathol1c pribullbullt orrioiated at the regular
Sunday erv1cbullbull or the padshbullbull included in the ple During the tibullbull
in tha service regularly devoted to a eran he aked the u~r to pa
out copis or the attitude acale and pencil to bar or the
congregation Arter thbullbullbull -d been distributed the Eucpedantar read
the introductory paragraph or the quUonnair to the congregation H
requeted thelr cooplation in coapltiO the it and orr8led to
anwer any quetion when the elvice over Tanty ainut war
allotad to the subject ror coaplation of ttle attitude cal The
bullbullrvice _ concluded in the usual annel and the ePerinter anred
any quetion that c up
A and EdypaUal Lbullbulll bull
for the purpo anal ying the data or the tudy the ubJectbull
bullbullre dividd into thrbullbull aoe IIOUP and rour ducation 11OUP thus
living a _trix 0 t_lv call The age IIOUPbullbullbullr (1) Jct
24
btn IS-30 yar 0 ao (2) eubJaot btn 31-50 yar (3)
ubJct 51 yn 0 or oldr Thi dlvllon baed uan bullbullvnI
conidration ThbullbullubJeot in the irt ege group have lived aot or
thair livbullbull in a changing Catholic Church It i bullbull~acted that they
will be Muoh more accpting 0 change then the other groupbullbullince changa
1 1bullbullbull unuual to th Tha ubJact In the bullbullcand group havs pant
01 or their live in bull Church that did little changing end hence are
expected to b 1bullbullbull accepting Dr chang The third group Ul hava
pnt Much ora t1bullbull than ither 0 tha other group in an unchanging
rligiou atbullbullpher It i bullbull~ected that thy wiU b the t
conervativ group
The division 0 ducation into our lvelbullbullbullbullbullbulld the 8Ot
p~tical ro tha tandpoint at the gneral population to bbullbullurvayd
Gradbullbullchool high chaol __ ooUaobullbull Md a caplatad tour yaar
oollg education bullbullra oanaidred tha aibullbullt diviion to k in our
population aina they ak undratandable diviiona 01 the rapandania
lind each lavl oanUtutbullbull an appreciabl aducational dierenca Ya
at chool caplstad thue conatitutesour oparational dtinitian or
education
III PREOICTIONS
In the lioht 0 tha previous diacu ion and tha r bullbullult at tha
pilot tucUbullbull the allowing pred1ctiona bullbullre _dbullbull
1 Scarbullbull an the prbullbullant hal a the acale will b highr than
acorbullbull on the utuw halt Thi prdiction t bullbullted ith a tet
ror correlated data
2 Younger Catholic bullbullUl tend to be 01 liberal or accepting
25
tit _ A rtAun MIl ttl caul
latlaa _ ~ toe teet 1 ypo
J eav11bullbullbull111 Ie -_ r _
to u will with 1_ renal A _rn1eUon _
t w hy~bullbull
DtAPTII 111
TIIIIIle 1 vee the __ bull bullhe tUIIa Mample
bull bullbull1 lPtti A tnIl
lQM hi aW- II lO1S
_ ubullbullIe n leta _ bull
TM _ _ the -1 21
to iIIplrl _ the ~ _ bullbull _- p1Me
NI ten h
TIIIJ1e 1 v t 14 iD tile bull AVi tnI UlnaIbullbulldbullbull
aIl TNwe a I
hiIhl ~ tie Thi moa - cauu u ~
__u VIan U Ie The
bull _ MI a lea _
u- tee __ tqb
TM _ 1A TIIIIla 1 II at t _ u Uta _ 1M U ten_
- -
27
TAamppound J
bullbullEI or II POt DUCATl IIOUP
IIAI bull ntl anl1l8r 8CampI
Old ~ (a bull raquoa)(ft bull 113) (bullbull m)
middot ~~--~~~ - r---~~~ 2-l i I
~ i ~ ~ I )~--middot~---iimiddotmiddot---~~~middot~_~_~middotn i
I j II UI I bull III I n 11- i bull 124 I bull 111bull bull 84 I
~ 1
_-------middot4---middotmiddotmiddot_middot+------1
~ bull-1 n
bull bull 111 bull bull 116bull 10
-bull bull 121
1
(n bull UI)
shy
1
(a bull 3-)
cu (bullbull 2U)
bull mmiddot CoU
(a bull 17)
In fig 1 the mean IIOOfeamp or eech educUonal grC1lp 18 plotld
c)gd not dye Lowr scures middotIe indio gtl1vn of conE1rvatislII 8nll h bull gher
soor~s of 11b8ld eta Of groilolr cceptfnc1 of ot) nge Hmiddot~ d t et(JW b
tlf900 tOWfO mo EG libel 1 tti tUt19sin youngt respondentG 19
mi((UfII-gIH t~iQr 9croo1 gredudtas were just eligrtly more LblSral t n
tc younger ligl school QridIJt~S The corrsltion btlDaan 8core8 on
tilm dtitude 8cle finc -g9 was 51 Ulhich is atntist~cll) signifLclnt
t ttlpound bull 11 lsvsl TrG corrailttion between accres on tre attitud~3 scel~
1)nd age wlth educaration prtialled aut was 36 TNa younglill pelOjlla sro
SEHn to bs signlficanU) more accepting 01 change ttln older people
In fig 1 tt-a tH8n COrliS or each gloup ale plott td Il9Ilnet
th~ four Qduc~1tionEll 18113 Thli trend toward l1Il rEt liberal attitiJdo6
wi t ncroiJsnr F1iJCation is slimn in thfll graph Tta eorriltloUon butween
scar on tI~ GCelA ana echoicbull tion 118$ bull ti wlch is 8ignifiCtlnt (tt the
Jl lEtllel n~ corrsl~t1on betwgon scor on ttt~ IICel ~nd f4duQtton
lIIitt ugo pltrtiall~d out lIIes 3amp Thue edUcation is e~n to bil
signifiesntly relatQd to aecfgtptftMC8 at cr~ngo more aduc tad rlJsjJondpnts
tanding to ecclpt ctangua molS r9i11dil) th~in lee oducated 0098
Ttfl date Indice ted t~ilt tlere was no CIOfInlEltion bt~ttl1m1n )gc QItd
sducation (I -db) t Impling no overlap 1n the variance aoountilc for
by the two voriablas 80 a multiple R was computed The ~ultiple R
between 8cores on the acale and E)ge and education was bullbulla About 16
of the variance on ttese 8cores is trus predictablo from age and
education
A 1 test using the formula for carrelatad observations I UlliS done
on t9 deta from the future nd present t1Bllles of tg sc-ale T-e
bullbull
29
-~---------=l GJ8d Schaal bull 6 High School 0- __0
S COlla amiddotmiddotmiddota i
4 yra Collage bull ibull
G_ Amiddot 7- 0
bull bull - - 0 JI bullbull bull N
a
laquo
Old 1l1ddla
AGE
riquE 1 Ian acorbullbull on the attitude Bcele or the foul lIducaUone1 lavl plotted againet eg The highsr ths cors on the aeale the are liberal 01 accepting or change are the reapondenta
lJ
Did Jj a dIIle 0 0 Yatal Il- --D
11
bull
1 2 3
poundDUCATIObullbullL~V[LS
1M a bull _ne the ttltwde elbullbullr th thne poupe plt1M11 lwl The hlp Uw _ on the ele the _n 111 01 --URe or h nepond_e
31
1 - oMbullbullbull 36~)l (p lt 111) 1ndl0U auort tor th hypol
that Cthollcbullbullre _rbullbullcoepting or chabullbull alrdy lMt1 tutad than
they 1 of future hypothlzd chang
U lOR IlOllDUAL nos
S ot the 1t_ in the ttltudbullbullcalbullbullr8 ot bullbulldl Intt
btlcauae thf rtl~ot tUtudU r bull IMt iltpartnett in th
Cetllo110 Churgt todey Itbullbull 6 11 13 end 16 hev be n anAlyzlld
IIDrtl ull y than thtt othr And 1 preted 1n th U1 our
fgur to how th ulte In tr d taU ttaaa 6 11 and 13
wre ~ the uture pert 0 the 8cal and it 16 1 the prt
pert 0 th ace1
lba t
f lIUr8 3 the pnta or Meh I Ihel 111 th 1t_
bull (Dlvo-rrr1d Ctho1icbullbullhou1d b p~tted to raciv the
bullbullonu illy C-uon van though thlr bullbullaond urlbullbullbull
1 inval1d according to na~al tndard) Ovral 61 ot the
r bullbullpond t bullbullbullreed that 01 involved ln invalld 111hould
bbullbull11_0 to rbullbulliv the aat rlgur 3 that ln ach
group at l t ~a~ ot the repond ahaI thl preibullbulliv attltudbullbull
In the youngr ana _1 educatd lrouP _lIIOt 7b~ or ttl raepondant bull
bull xpl dlt with pnnt polley Svnty-toUl IGent or th
rnat wlth a 0011 eduoat1an agreed to bull changbullbullbull d1d 68)11 0 th r8apondant undr thirty y or bullbullbullbull
32
Old Yaung
I~-- -gt- bullbullbull
56~ 5~
- 1
7t~ ~ ~
f
_IDIUJ fiayenr 3 Thl pen_tag 1n ROh II 1-inI _th It 6 J_ 6 Dlvolc- llbd Catha110bull bull haul It t Icl n aact ( otal1r -Uftlon) bull theulh nll bullbull cencI_1 1 bull lavU aoollldl to --
Gbullbull SohaDl
Call
33
DIIl1 rl 4 vee theu1t 0 the VllY itbull U (PII
ehould _t U ta _fty) OvU 57j or the ehUloh
Cthollbullbull 1ft 1 bullbulltud) Ind1oat that th dl with the Cethol1
ChulGhf poUe) 0 bullbull1J_ 0 h al St __ 0 th IIhUlGh _th bull 1tecI DOn aU_ 111 w1~
t pall SJn 1M 0 h young - dl
with t polla) ~ the yaur Cathctll0 wih bull DOll
eduoatlon ~ dlred wlh th 01011 polle
Hau (leuI 5 tivu Ue peentege 1ft -h tIlI wUh
It_ 13 (__ t VI all__ 0 I bullbullU) A t
mt dl wlth hi U 1 eu t be yl that h would
1n evo 0 heving _1 aly Jn the Cthta1la Chunn uno to 81_
wlth th Ita bullbull p 1 to vo the prt peltAl i al
th data thet the bullbullt _Jult 0 to accept prlbullbull at hI U OwaU 16 C d with the
lOhl~ltlon 0 1 al) Thl t-wo proan or hdeft with a eoU eductaU 1I1d with he plOhUalUan 0 _11ft pl bullbull
EducaUan bull- to IIbullbull Ill to In eooep 0 __ pllbullbull
heft
ll a (1 6 V hlta D th MI_ on 1- 11 (To a
catholl0 It 1 ft to ta1n an ye 0 U elel nh
cantHI dvlo end the W th aontnl pill) Th data h at
34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
- Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and practices correlated with age and education
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11
tlaat sa iM W II
-a ampttl- JIl eWebull
- 1_ 1 Ja U 11 aItI
pbullbullle de 1 s err _ 1_ ~bullbull 1913)
11debullbull __ bullbullbullbull t bull u at 11 ca lSI)bull
1 (1111) bullbullbullbullbullbull 11_ t -
bullbullbullbulld _ JJItInl Ja nI bull U _ fI 7bulla
t -1 1a W
1lt III8UtI a thbull bullbullbullbullbull_ l Utbullbull la tile
_ ell_ a bull
-1 u aU_ 1 ltIUeillue WIr u- Ja catM1te
CItunIl
Sa d_ eampwlUaau __ lit u 1 lie 81-1 a1 -leu or VI_ bull ill Ul It all
u un _ --_ at peUUea1 aal shy
_ It __bull tun eM W tilbullbullbullbullbull1111
(It11) -- 1At 1
tha _ dl_ h ru~
tel - I bullbullW fit __
u wa pauJa _ It hie _ til
ISbullbull M- IeIIa_ lila
u III _ titbullbull I __ lIIdllen __Us 1M
Uu uftly
n Ie __ t bull ve _taU_
~ Uu Jft _ UIl-- tll_ staa-k
(12) ntlltl-- tU wan tvu at u ft bull _ b (1_) MIl
n ttl II Clatholad u _ bullbull t-- II -u-1 lawIl u_ Uvel
I 1a t tha 0 nllp_ nU
u1 dlffteu1U te A 11 ft th (0_ 1) bullbullu 111 Ie __
briefl til ~ lda flit ___bull leUtlshy
1 na _11bull lite -lUUet r NI1t1_ bull
to dudI dt18u1t ~
(1161) u _DUlti Ita atudl_ w tile bull -l1 _u lIIdr
- tudy ill _tit nil tIel1i the eue__
tlltIII he t IP hi theeI) atItJ1_ liIIDe
tn 1e bull _ CIIthell pleat 11a
_ cathoU___ 11 a teHt ta _ bull
tatuUbullbullshy tl the dbullbulld bull 11_
-tdaI It 1n the __ poundIIhU Ounh hila
13
Th v~iabl 0 age nd duction w~ chobullbulln bullbull th 0 pa~ticulu int~bullbullt Th popultion ra whioh the bullbullpl in the
p~bullbulllIftt tudy i dnwn oonit 0 -11 parthbullbull d bullbulloh paih
contin popl 0 11 age and ductional lvlbullbullinc the~ i only
on p~ih in ach loction Thue th~ i no pobullbullibi1ity 0 peop1
g on duotional 1vl o~ ag lvl wo~hipp1ng and int~acting bullbull
bull bullbullprat ~l1g1au group The popultiDn thu to bbullbull auitabl
on in which to t bullbullt the hypathbullbulli that ligioubullbullttitudbullbull v~y w1th
age nd duction
sbullbullbulltudibullbullbull~ piW only t givn ta Stau~middot (1955)
tudy 0 cCa~thyi_ and r ting~ Rick and Sohchw (156)
tudy 0 ~ligiou c~ii could only b dona t tibullbullbull when the ph_
to b invbullbullt1gtd o~ed t~bullbulllvaa to the ob~v Today tu~o11
ov~ changbullbull in the II Ctho1ic C~ch to o~ thi typo
oppo~tun1ty to the pnt ~bullbullbullbull~ch~ Chang i the tt~ 0 g~t bullbullt
concm in the Catholic Chu~ch t pnt Ctwt will b optionally
dfined ro~ the pu~_ 0 thi invbullbulltigtion bullbull any a1t~1ng or beli
o~ practic aong catholic that ha takn p1c 1n the pbullbullt t ty
ybullbull~ o~ i bullbullted o~ the o~bullbullabl utu~bullbull
Sinc the ch taking plac CDv~ Mfty pha bullbullbull 0 Ctho1ic li
it bullbull conaided pobullbulliIl1 to contNct bullbullcal 0 it ~latd to
thbullbullbull changbullbull and uabullbull p~aanbullbullco~ on thibullbullca1 indicto~
0 hibullbullttitudbullbull t ~ thbullbullbull chang ro~ the pu~pobullbullbull 0 thibullbulltudy
bull 1ib1 w optiona11y dined on who avo~bullbull chang and bull
contrvat1vbullbullbull on who oppobullbullbull chang The 1ib~-conbullbullrvativ
continuUII i otn on wed in rligioubullbullttitud r~ch (Ii 1965)
and i bull ci11y lIPP~opdtbullbullinc HUg10n i l1y conid~d
10
a conaarativa oc1al forc aut thi 1 not ly true and religiau
backing 1 otten g1 to libeNl and rad1cal c_d 01 udl chWlO
It bullbullbull conaldarad of pnctieal nd theoretical intet to dtlII1 if
hatarogenalty 0 ttltuda toward elliou obJact exlted in ordinay
0DnOrtion corying IIlth ag and aducation If 0 thi would
relat ralilau attitud to thobullbull ound In other ar Of nuan 11a
n i thue the nl pua 0 hibullbulltucly to clIPitaU tha
preat crl1bullbull c~a -thln tha ~n Clic Church and data~e
i l1011U attituda do ind vary in ralation to a MCI acIuoaUon
It cana1drecl d bullbulllr~a to hold tha dr 0 raliiaue
ailiation and Uta Ie actor abullbullttlltl _ pbullbulllItl to teat I htl that th i ariatl wi thl -snaU_l popu1aU
Thi 1 accaplihad ~y bullbull1otlng a population or retUlarly churchmiddot
ttandlng Catholic Peopl 0- labal t~lea a Catholic --Ply
baaauaa c1a pau or ~cauaa 0 tradltiGMl aaeealaUo
thll aa11y with the Cathollc Church IUGh aUlatiM eM haldly ~
acceptllCl aa a I_t or tlUlt Church rattl 1 aac-Rc or
Cathollc bal1e and pneUo To 1M IU chaol a ehch l
population cannot takn pr 0 the Ject t or
MIL llut it at l_t ur that lUI 1 are 1ft touch
wi th the c occurring 1ft the Cahl1c Church and hat Utaa e
have _ io OIl ir liv d hence ar 1 u tIt_ at l bullbullt
In aft aanae 0 the te
statiUoaUy lJlllti the populatlon tie chWoh-attandera do
rave or tII vari_l11y that would ~ lUnd it he papulation
1 del a oiU 0 anyone who Oh the lallNtl 0 Catholic lut thibullbullWely 1 not ifttareatad ln rl1iy t attitud_
11
that lie u 11middot lIIIIk 1M
th4I It _ 1t1a M
IIau _11 VII1yent11 al n
__ UM fill bullbullbullbullbull
the of bullbullbull __ a_ _ _VtI u 1a _ _
_ catMUe JU1l1 till _ t_
aW
I MLlIICf
uu ta tuIIy abe r_ fit
at _II bull lell Ill It e
_u leila (1_)bull
bull Ii bullbullbullbull -- e __ IIUl 1bullbulltI iAtt bullbullbull __ (II Ia) ruu I Ill bullbullbull JMiwitlual _1 IdbullbullIt _ (p_
bull tud1 ell _ fill
1 bullbull11 _ IIIIB leU (I)
bull tuIIy 1 thU Cdtu_
thtIl ~ 1UaUea _ 1 __ de u_ bull cw (1 lis n_tat_ bull _ ~I
11 bullbull_tIbull N lieU __ t ad_ ia
U _ of the - cathu 1
-al t -u vI -1c1aI
t I bullbull 111 Itt cau poundMacIft lleDt tItle
~ d t h1e a1_
16
-- 1 __ lIeUa tha bullbullbullbullbull will lie
ale __ _ ____
Iel and 1~eto (1965) elM PDIt that Ute gnup lp
or the ilMnt Mould be ken lA_ 1ft _~tude ah
They ehawed tha JMta ~ to lawft ~ bullbullPI bull
(bullbulltal deairab111ty) and L (Ua) _1_ heR ttlbullbullI1-nt_ a
cauouc 1t traquo MAtIld ~lt bullbull IMotOh then he
la Accen1ng It thia tudy - adaln1aU 0 h tna~t
by a 11_t -ould both helIt iM thbullbullaUaldl1ty h
8IIIt CllDUiINt______in U u_ IIh1I1
CMAmlll
I Il1MODI - HIT 1
ml f It shyThe ~ 11 aU lie ounlRM 1
~ bullbull ___ ~ 1 -la 1ft the pu 111 nMlv _ Me
tutu bullu _ an1 will he
at h _ Al1_ Ml (1161) __ tn
u lilt nUU __ 1_ bull
a1 _ uu u - _v - - The pUM n bullbullbull _ PllMI11
s- 1 __ 1eWM _we ca
wI Uu_ _
at bullbullbullbullbullbull
lle bullbullbullntt bullbull W leW bull _ _ _
1___Uwa1 bullbullbullbullbullbull 1 he 1eahtaJ Uta __~
-Uuel bullbull_1 1 All 1 bull
111bullbull1 an MIa In ie
- Catlu cane 1ft U
1ft to W
_ t at u_ _ at u
11
mal tN _a AU tile
1 1ft thla e bull u bullt - tba or the
u __ fit 1Mt At Ut U the lUI t JuI n - hit dl__ ( lN1) 1111_
tnIlllllllJe _ alAe _tIl tWI 1ft dIdIIt
Ill 1 hi
W m they fit _t ~
u-au_ TN_ _ 101
I 1INUMd ampb _Ill II pel _U
_111 ~_ -1 _ In
he u- __ 1 ampII
- A 11_ the - _ 1 11 III _ h
- aa he
1 bPl _ u
lftIIIII fA ple
V cal __ - tutu 01
1IIdamp rtan tie bullbull or CltNl_ 1ft
bullbullbullbullM MUM --_
It _ bullbullbullbullbull ta _ 1Ile ull 1111
_til the 1 11 1ft eteh
U tMIlftIII Illcuit 81th
IIltly U lhatl bull ___ IIJ he r
I bull
a hen tid u tNnr
1- - dun __ _
-
Cathllll or al 1tIheIt 11 II -r shy_111M lap _ne
Oft hi 1 _1M _
1M 18 - _t __ lI1ruu
IIlll-Mlr nNaU h Md _ bullbullbull round to be _
(eo ~ ta _ NUl) eh
bull -Ill - - - r --t thin 1- 1111 rtl1 r he _
to 0 wil Nt U uat11
_ Ie ~ th_ hln _ _ u-I tdth bull WhIt to ttl l _ iii
1Ml 1 Chunh 18tV111 hbullbullbull_ All he 1_ eleaed -s Iftla In V h cU eW
Oft bull - II1Iu1al r
bullUIIy or -- 1_ (1 3 I _ 20T I lI 1bullbull 16 17 II
I nrua) ntUhIIII u bIlinl ~ - CUMll
Chunh The IIhu (It 1 It 6bullbullt 10 U U II I)
to ttl I bullbull tal cell
Chi_ hi 1-middot plaeed -l8JIea w tbu
10
_ - tiN
11bullbull1 a _ _ _- n () -1 tie _ bull 11
______hi bullbullbullbullbull _hi all__ JaI bull
_ nt (au tNII C
__ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullat _ taIIlil
I eu nbullbull Ml ___
a - Ilut - _ tMN JM1 _ and
-1 til ~ - bull I shy
abullbull IIM UIIt til h
rbullbull bullbull IIbullbull
I ___ 1II1et WIIl _ it_ -l nI
IIu 11 III - tN 11
_ al W I ilia Nt SIal M
ltI -d 1D Ud at au _
-111 s UIuIl _ lie autleWl 1M MUM
bull bullbullbull 1_ - _
_ at AU 1ft 1 of -
U _ ~ _tal petntSamp1 _
_ W ~bullbulld plPi_ in
tN Nel fit ~ he caubullbull n bullbullbull11 the 1M th _
t21 L ~ fMM - w_ fit (1) bullbullau _
21
itbout chng to p~t good dicrilnatlon alone the liberalshy
conervativ continuua ror pl In the rea or clrical dieiplinbull
ny Catholic ar eoncrnd with the prbullbullbullnt harta9 or clr9Y In
Catholic prih Thi uaually ratbullbullbull the quatian at clarical
clibcy Three it (2 11 and 15) perltt the rbullbullpondant to
diacrilnate bull 11ttle In 111 attitude toward hi tutUI ching Ite
11 bullbullrly ak it the chang to rrid clrlY 1bullbullIreable to the
rbullbullpendant It 2 bullbullk ir bull r bullbullpondnt thinka thi chang would rbullbullu1t
in lood bullbullrvic to peepl It 15 ineerpotbullbull the bullbullt rrquant
oent in the rirt two pilot tudibullbull whioh iapUbullbull tht thi chang
to nld clrgy llight raul t in battr bullbullrvic baerried
clrgy would hv bttr inaight into rly lir It i rbl to
ua tht bull preon ight ccapt bull chang to bull nid olrlY van
though bdobullbull not rbullbullbullbullbull it bullbull rbullbullu1ting in _d or bttr bullbullrvic but
bullbullrly beubullbull h d It noy to the bullbullitanc or the Churoh bullbull
h k it Hbullbullilht 10 think _nid clrgy auld 11v bttbullbull
bullbullbullvic or llight nat H could 10 think bullbullrried clrgy would liv
ltettr bullbullrvio but prrr the clibat olrlY h hebull awn cautDaad to
Thue 11 thr it hlp dicrillit bullbull r~ntmiddotbullbullttitud taad
thi chantbullbull
Th caaaant or dir r antbullbull180 indicted _ canebullbulln
over the poalUon cr woan in the Chuch T_ itbullbull tap thibullbull1bullbull cr
change It 1 chck the pandentmiddot tUtude to_rd bull intbullbulll
paUcipaUon by _en in worhlp nd it 15 chck hibullbulltUtUde toward
bull rl clrgy
It 16 and 18 both chok the bullbullbullpendant attitude t 1d the
ua_ of uthorlty in the Churoh Itaa 9 10 and 12 are all concrned
22
wi In hip U_ in he ChINh 1- 4 If 14
en bull __ _th he 1IffId1dU_ r the _ 111
Ute w ubullbullr u Ctweh all ani u hM
_ tile da 11bull CetMllM
th- tit~ _tdtIen W bull -Ia _
_ 1ft CNIlJ Ua ha en a _ I he
CltNIUL
f1M1 n lfI 1M Thl lnal _all _ leld Me lay -1At 11_ to 6U Calhal1M
~ vial 1A _1 parllh in I -n aagon au
DOIIPlated U 111 the allot tJu __1tIg tohl
II1ddla or tttl 111bullbull and _ __ -kad for a
~rr or tl rtlilU1ta
A epllt-halr nllelAlUbullbullaJG1ant Gtd tor the de
obtaineG nil heM tiO ta and _ tllUftd to be A co~relaU_
an thl uwn and t hal the 1Dampl __MIt
_ampI ou_ t bl ill
II IETMIDI NIT 11
Th Catall adahop ~I 1 tact
_1_ ta thl ftMa to any ar $tsa palJt 0 hI ____
the Itudy The filioo_ t lMIIJcI _ 0 catam 0
-J bull t 32 auINRlta _ parun ar he pa-__ Ira _U
1- than 20 tU ut ttbullbull fa bull la1 peJah_ and the
lan1 deAlcted that bull tnUfia_Una lan would orbullbull
23
bettr bull 1 or the population Th parihs wer dlvided into thr
group (1 - 200 rtltbullbull 201 - 00 r-111bullbull and 401 - 600 raillbullbull )
Dna parih each rroa the two larger group and our aall pariaha wr
randoaly bullbulllactad a the pl or par1h to bbullbullurv~ad Thue tha
ubJect contitut a randaa stretirid ple or the church-going
population or the R Catholic D10c of BIIcr Sinc thre 1 only
one Catholic paih in the bullbull1 town and ciUbullbull or E_tern OnIOn all
church10ing Catholic or th1 ara ar OlOad to worhip together thus
abullbulluring the bullbuller1llntr t t the vadablbullbull or 1Ig and ducation will
b rairly rprntativ or the entir Catholic population or the ar
The experientr a Cathol1c pribullbullt orrioiated at the regular
Sunday erv1cbullbull or the padshbullbull included in the ple During the tibullbull
in tha service regularly devoted to a eran he aked the u~r to pa
out copis or the attitude acale and pencil to bar or the
congregation Arter thbullbullbull -d been distributed the Eucpedantar read
the introductory paragraph or the quUonnair to the congregation H
requeted thelr cooplation in coapltiO the it and orr8led to
anwer any quetion when the elvice over Tanty ainut war
allotad to the subject ror coaplation of ttle attitude cal The
bullbullrvice _ concluded in the usual annel and the ePerinter anred
any quetion that c up
A and EdypaUal Lbullbulll bull
for the purpo anal ying the data or the tudy the ubJectbull
bullbullre dividd into thrbullbull aoe IIOUP and rour ducation 11OUP thus
living a _trix 0 t_lv call The age IIOUPbullbullbullr (1) Jct
24
btn IS-30 yar 0 ao (2) eubJaot btn 31-50 yar (3)
ubJct 51 yn 0 or oldr Thi dlvllon baed uan bullbullvnI
conidration ThbullbullubJeot in the irt ege group have lived aot or
thair livbullbull in a changing Catholic Church It i bullbull~acted that they
will be Muoh more accpting 0 change then the other groupbullbullince changa
1 1bullbullbull unuual to th Tha ubJact In the bullbullcand group havs pant
01 or their live in bull Church that did little changing end hence are
expected to b 1bullbullbull accepting Dr chang The third group Ul hava
pnt Much ora t1bullbull than ither 0 tha other group in an unchanging
rligiou atbullbullpher It i bullbull~ected that thy wiU b the t
conervativ group
The division 0 ducation into our lvelbullbullbullbullbullbulld the 8Ot
p~tical ro tha tandpoint at the gneral population to bbullbullurvayd
Gradbullbullchool high chaol __ ooUaobullbull Md a caplatad tour yaar
oollg education bullbullra oanaidred tha aibullbullt diviion to k in our
population aina they ak undratandable diviiona 01 the rapandania
lind each lavl oanUtutbullbull an appreciabl aducational dierenca Ya
at chool caplstad thue conatitutesour oparational dtinitian or
education
III PREOICTIONS
In the lioht 0 tha previous diacu ion and tha r bullbullult at tha
pilot tucUbullbull the allowing pred1ctiona bullbullre _dbullbull
1 Scarbullbull an the prbullbullant hal a the acale will b highr than
acorbullbull on the utuw halt Thi prdiction t bullbullted ith a tet
ror correlated data
2 Younger Catholic bullbullUl tend to be 01 liberal or accepting
25
tit _ A rtAun MIl ttl caul
latlaa _ ~ toe teet 1 ypo
J eav11bullbullbull111 Ie -_ r _
to u will with 1_ renal A _rn1eUon _
t w hy~bullbull
DtAPTII 111
TIIIIIle 1 vee the __ bull bullhe tUIIa Mample
bull bullbull1 lPtti A tnIl
lQM hi aW- II lO1S
_ ubullbullIe n leta _ bull
TM _ _ the -1 21
to iIIplrl _ the ~ _ bullbull _- p1Me
NI ten h
TIIIJ1e 1 v t 14 iD tile bull AVi tnI UlnaIbullbulldbullbull
aIl TNwe a I
hiIhl ~ tie Thi moa - cauu u ~
__u VIan U Ie The
bull _ MI a lea _
u- tee __ tqb
TM _ 1A TIIIIla 1 II at t _ u Uta _ 1M U ten_
- -
27
TAamppound J
bullbullEI or II POt DUCATl IIOUP
IIAI bull ntl anl1l8r 8CampI
Old ~ (a bull raquoa)(ft bull 113) (bullbull m)
middot ~~--~~~ - r---~~~ 2-l i I
~ i ~ ~ I )~--middot~---iimiddotmiddot---~~~middot~_~_~middotn i
I j II UI I bull III I n 11- i bull 124 I bull 111bull bull 84 I
~ 1
_-------middot4---middotmiddotmiddot_middot+------1
~ bull-1 n
bull bull 111 bull bull 116bull 10
-bull bull 121
1
(n bull UI)
shy
1
(a bull 3-)
cu (bullbull 2U)
bull mmiddot CoU
(a bull 17)
In fig 1 the mean IIOOfeamp or eech educUonal grC1lp 18 plotld
c)gd not dye Lowr scures middotIe indio gtl1vn of conE1rvatislII 8nll h bull gher
soor~s of 11b8ld eta Of groilolr cceptfnc1 of ot) nge Hmiddot~ d t et(JW b
tlf900 tOWfO mo EG libel 1 tti tUt19sin youngt respondentG 19
mi((UfII-gIH t~iQr 9croo1 gredudtas were just eligrtly more LblSral t n
tc younger ligl school QridIJt~S The corrsltion btlDaan 8core8 on
tilm dtitude 8cle finc -g9 was 51 Ulhich is atntist~cll) signifLclnt
t ttlpound bull 11 lsvsl TrG corrailttion between accres on tre attitud~3 scel~
1)nd age wlth educaration prtialled aut was 36 TNa younglill pelOjlla sro
SEHn to bs signlficanU) more accepting 01 change ttln older people
In fig 1 tt-a tH8n COrliS or each gloup ale plott td Il9Ilnet
th~ four Qduc~1tionEll 18113 Thli trend toward l1Il rEt liberal attitiJdo6
wi t ncroiJsnr F1iJCation is slimn in thfll graph Tta eorriltloUon butween
scar on tI~ GCelA ana echoicbull tion 118$ bull ti wlch is 8ignifiCtlnt (tt the
Jl lEtllel n~ corrsl~t1on betwgon scor on ttt~ IICel ~nd f4duQtton
lIIitt ugo pltrtiall~d out lIIes 3amp Thue edUcation is e~n to bil
signifiesntly relatQd to aecfgtptftMC8 at cr~ngo more aduc tad rlJsjJondpnts
tanding to ecclpt ctangua molS r9i11dil) th~in lee oducated 0098
Ttfl date Indice ted t~ilt tlere was no CIOfInlEltion bt~ttl1m1n )gc QItd
sducation (I -db) t Impling no overlap 1n the variance aoountilc for
by the two voriablas 80 a multiple R was computed The ~ultiple R
between 8cores on the acale and E)ge and education was bullbulla About 16
of the variance on ttese 8cores is trus predictablo from age and
education
A 1 test using the formula for carrelatad observations I UlliS done
on t9 deta from the future nd present t1Bllles of tg sc-ale T-e
bullbull
29
-~---------=l GJ8d Schaal bull 6 High School 0- __0
S COlla amiddotmiddotmiddota i
4 yra Collage bull ibull
G_ Amiddot 7- 0
bull bull - - 0 JI bullbull bull N
a
laquo
Old 1l1ddla
AGE
riquE 1 Ian acorbullbull on the attitude Bcele or the foul lIducaUone1 lavl plotted againet eg The highsr ths cors on the aeale the are liberal 01 accepting or change are the reapondenta
lJ
Did Jj a dIIle 0 0 Yatal Il- --D
11
bull
1 2 3
poundDUCATIObullbullL~V[LS
1M a bull _ne the ttltwde elbullbullr th thne poupe plt1M11 lwl The hlp Uw _ on the ele the _n 111 01 --URe or h nepond_e
31
1 - oMbullbullbull 36~)l (p lt 111) 1ndl0U auort tor th hypol
that Cthollcbullbullre _rbullbullcoepting or chabullbull alrdy lMt1 tutad than
they 1 of future hypothlzd chang
U lOR IlOllDUAL nos
S ot the 1t_ in the ttltudbullbullcalbullbullr8 ot bullbulldl Intt
btlcauae thf rtl~ot tUtudU r bull IMt iltpartnett in th
Cetllo110 Churgt todey Itbullbull 6 11 13 end 16 hev be n anAlyzlld
IIDrtl ull y than thtt othr And 1 preted 1n th U1 our
fgur to how th ulte In tr d taU ttaaa 6 11 and 13
wre ~ the uture pert 0 the 8cal and it 16 1 the prt
pert 0 th ace1
lba t
f lIUr8 3 the pnta or Meh I Ihel 111 th 1t_
bull (Dlvo-rrr1d Ctho1icbullbullhou1d b p~tted to raciv the
bullbullonu illy C-uon van though thlr bullbullaond urlbullbullbull
1 inval1d according to na~al tndard) Ovral 61 ot the
r bullbullpond t bullbullbullreed that 01 involved ln invalld 111hould
bbullbull11_0 to rbullbulliv the aat rlgur 3 that ln ach
group at l t ~a~ ot the repond ahaI thl preibullbulliv attltudbullbull
In the youngr ana _1 educatd lrouP _lIIOt 7b~ or ttl raepondant bull
bull xpl dlt with pnnt polley Svnty-toUl IGent or th
rnat wlth a 0011 eduoat1an agreed to bull changbullbullbull d1d 68)11 0 th r8apondant undr thirty y or bullbullbullbull
32
Old Yaung
I~-- -gt- bullbullbull
56~ 5~
- 1
7t~ ~ ~
f
_IDIUJ fiayenr 3 Thl pen_tag 1n ROh II 1-inI _th It 6 J_ 6 Dlvolc- llbd Catha110bull bull haul It t Icl n aact ( otal1r -Uftlon) bull theulh nll bullbull cencI_1 1 bull lavU aoollldl to --
Gbullbull SohaDl
Call
33
DIIl1 rl 4 vee theu1t 0 the VllY itbull U (PII
ehould _t U ta _fty) OvU 57j or the ehUloh
Cthollbullbull 1ft 1 bullbulltud) Ind1oat that th dl with the Cethol1
ChulGhf poUe) 0 bullbull1J_ 0 h al St __ 0 th IIhUlGh _th bull 1tecI DOn aU_ 111 w1~
t pall SJn 1M 0 h young - dl
with t polla) ~ the yaur Cathctll0 wih bull DOll
eduoatlon ~ dlred wlh th 01011 polle
Hau (leuI 5 tivu Ue peentege 1ft -h tIlI wUh
It_ 13 (__ t VI all__ 0 I bullbullU) A t
mt dl wlth hi U 1 eu t be yl that h would
1n evo 0 heving _1 aly Jn the Cthta1la Chunn uno to 81_
wlth th Ita bullbull p 1 to vo the prt peltAl i al
th data thet the bullbullt _Jult 0 to accept prlbullbull at hI U OwaU 16 C d with the
lOhl~ltlon 0 1 al) Thl t-wo proan or hdeft with a eoU eductaU 1I1d with he plOhUalUan 0 _11ft pl bullbull
EducaUan bull- to IIbullbull Ill to In eooep 0 __ pllbullbull
heft
ll a (1 6 V hlta D th MI_ on 1- 11 (To a
catholl0 It 1 ft to ta1n an ye 0 U elel nh
cantHI dvlo end the W th aontnl pill) Th data h at
34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
- Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and practices correlated with age and education
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u wa pauJa _ It hie _ til
ISbullbull M- IeIIa_ lila
u III _ titbullbull I __ lIIdllen __Us 1M
Uu uftly
n Ie __ t bull ve _taU_
~ Uu Jft _ UIl-- tll_ staa-k
(12) ntlltl-- tU wan tvu at u ft bull _ b (1_) MIl
n ttl II Clatholad u _ bullbull t-- II -u-1 lawIl u_ Uvel
I 1a t tha 0 nllp_ nU
u1 dlffteu1U te A 11 ft th (0_ 1) bullbullu 111 Ie __
briefl til ~ lda flit ___bull leUtlshy
1 na _11bull lite -lUUet r NI1t1_ bull
to dudI dt18u1t ~
(1161) u _DUlti Ita atudl_ w tile bull -l1 _u lIIdr
- tudy ill _tit nil tIel1i the eue__
tlltIII he t IP hi theeI) atItJ1_ liIIDe
tn 1e bull _ CIIthell pleat 11a
_ cathoU___ 11 a teHt ta _ bull
tatuUbullbullshy tl the dbullbulld bull 11_
-tdaI It 1n the __ poundIIhU Ounh hila
13
Th v~iabl 0 age nd duction w~ chobullbulln bullbull th 0 pa~ticulu int~bullbullt Th popultion ra whioh the bullbullpl in the
p~bullbulllIftt tudy i dnwn oonit 0 -11 parthbullbull d bullbulloh paih
contin popl 0 11 age and ductional lvlbullbullinc the~ i only
on p~ih in ach loction Thue th~ i no pobullbullibi1ity 0 peop1
g on duotional 1vl o~ ag lvl wo~hipp1ng and int~acting bullbull
bull bullbullprat ~l1g1au group The popultiDn thu to bbullbull auitabl
on in which to t bullbullt the hypathbullbulli that ligioubullbullttitudbullbull v~y w1th
age nd duction
sbullbullbulltudibullbullbull~ piW only t givn ta Stau~middot (1955)
tudy 0 cCa~thyi_ and r ting~ Rick and Sohchw (156)
tudy 0 ~ligiou c~ii could only b dona t tibullbullbull when the ph_
to b invbullbullt1gtd o~ed t~bullbulllvaa to the ob~v Today tu~o11
ov~ changbullbull in the II Ctho1ic C~ch to o~ thi typo
oppo~tun1ty to the pnt ~bullbullbullbull~ch~ Chang i the tt~ 0 g~t bullbullt
concm in the Catholic Chu~ch t pnt Ctwt will b optionally
dfined ro~ the pu~_ 0 thi invbullbulltigtion bullbull any a1t~1ng or beli
o~ practic aong catholic that ha takn p1c 1n the pbullbullt t ty
ybullbull~ o~ i bullbullted o~ the o~bullbullabl utu~bullbull
Sinc the ch taking plac CDv~ Mfty pha bullbullbull 0 Ctho1ic li
it bullbull conaided pobullbulliIl1 to contNct bullbullcal 0 it ~latd to
thbullbullbull changbullbull and uabullbull p~aanbullbullco~ on thibullbullca1 indicto~
0 hibullbullttitudbullbull t ~ thbullbullbull chang ro~ the pu~pobullbullbull 0 thibullbulltudy
bull 1ib1 w optiona11y dined on who avo~bullbull chang and bull
contrvat1vbullbullbull on who oppobullbullbull chang The 1ib~-conbullbullrvativ
continuUII i otn on wed in rligioubullbullttitud r~ch (Ii 1965)
and i bull ci11y lIPP~opdtbullbullinc HUg10n i l1y conid~d
10
a conaarativa oc1al forc aut thi 1 not ly true and religiau
backing 1 otten g1 to libeNl and rad1cal c_d 01 udl chWlO
It bullbullbull conaldarad of pnctieal nd theoretical intet to dtlII1 if
hatarogenalty 0 ttltuda toward elliou obJact exlted in ordinay
0DnOrtion corying IIlth ag and aducation If 0 thi would
relat ralilau attitud to thobullbull ound In other ar Of nuan 11a
n i thue the nl pua 0 hibullbulltucly to clIPitaU tha
preat crl1bullbull c~a -thln tha ~n Clic Church and data~e
i l1011U attituda do ind vary in ralation to a MCI acIuoaUon
It cana1drecl d bullbulllr~a to hold tha dr 0 raliiaue
ailiation and Uta Ie actor abullbullttlltl _ pbullbulllItl to teat I htl that th i ariatl wi thl -snaU_l popu1aU
Thi 1 accaplihad ~y bullbull1otlng a population or retUlarly churchmiddot
ttandlng Catholic Peopl 0- labal t~lea a Catholic --Ply
baaauaa c1a pau or ~cauaa 0 tradltiGMl aaeealaUo
thll aa11y with the Cathollc Church IUGh aUlatiM eM haldly ~
acceptllCl aa a I_t or tlUlt Church rattl 1 aac-Rc or
Cathollc bal1e and pneUo To 1M IU chaol a ehch l
population cannot takn pr 0 the Ject t or
MIL llut it at l_t ur that lUI 1 are 1ft touch
wi th the c occurring 1ft the Cahl1c Church and hat Utaa e
have _ io OIl ir liv d hence ar 1 u tIt_ at l bullbullt
In aft aanae 0 the te
statiUoaUy lJlllti the populatlon tie chWoh-attandera do
rave or tII vari_l11y that would ~ lUnd it he papulation
1 del a oiU 0 anyone who Oh the lallNtl 0 Catholic lut thibullbullWely 1 not ifttareatad ln rl1iy t attitud_
11
that lie u 11middot lIIIIk 1M
th4I It _ 1t1a M
IIau _11 VII1yent11 al n
__ UM fill bullbullbullbullbull
the of bullbullbull __ a_ _ _VtI u 1a _ _
_ catMUe JU1l1 till _ t_
aW
I MLlIICf
uu ta tuIIy abe r_ fit
at _II bull lell Ill It e
_u leila (1_)bull
bull Ii bullbullbullbull -- e __ IIUl 1bullbulltI iAtt bullbullbull __ (II Ia) ruu I Ill bullbullbull JMiwitlual _1 IdbullbullIt _ (p_
bull tud1 ell _ fill
1 bullbull11 _ IIIIB leU (I)
bull tuIIy 1 thU Cdtu_
thtIl ~ 1UaUea _ 1 __ de u_ bull cw (1 lis n_tat_ bull _ ~I
11 bullbull_tIbull N lieU __ t ad_ ia
U _ of the - cathu 1
-al t -u vI -1c1aI
t I bullbull 111 Itt cau poundMacIft lleDt tItle
~ d t h1e a1_
16
-- 1 __ lIeUa tha bullbullbullbullbull will lie
ale __ _ ____
Iel and 1~eto (1965) elM PDIt that Ute gnup lp
or the ilMnt Mould be ken lA_ 1ft _~tude ah
They ehawed tha JMta ~ to lawft ~ bullbullPI bull
(bullbulltal deairab111ty) and L (Ua) _1_ heR ttlbullbullI1-nt_ a
cauouc 1t traquo MAtIld ~lt bullbull IMotOh then he
la Accen1ng It thia tudy - adaln1aU 0 h tna~t
by a 11_t -ould both helIt iM thbullbullaUaldl1ty h
8IIIt CllDUiINt______in U u_ IIh1I1
CMAmlll
I Il1MODI - HIT 1
ml f It shyThe ~ 11 aU lie ounlRM 1
~ bullbull ___ ~ 1 -la 1ft the pu 111 nMlv _ Me
tutu bullu _ an1 will he
at h _ Al1_ Ml (1161) __ tn
u lilt nUU __ 1_ bull
a1 _ uu u - _v - - The pUM n bullbullbull _ PllMI11
s- 1 __ 1eWM _we ca
wI Uu_ _
at bullbullbullbullbullbull
lle bullbullbullntt bullbull W leW bull _ _ _
1___Uwa1 bullbullbullbullbullbull 1 he 1eahtaJ Uta __~
-Uuel bullbull_1 1 All 1 bull
111bullbull1 an MIa In ie
- Catlu cane 1ft U
1ft to W
_ t at u_ _ at u
11
mal tN _a AU tile
1 1ft thla e bull u bullt - tba or the
u __ fit 1Mt At Ut U the lUI t JuI n - hit dl__ ( lN1) 1111_
tnIlllllllJe _ alAe _tIl tWI 1ft dIdIIt
Ill 1 hi
W m they fit _t ~
u-au_ TN_ _ 101
I 1INUMd ampb _Ill II pel _U
_111 ~_ -1 _ In
he u- __ 1 ampII
- A 11_ the - _ 1 11 III _ h
- aa he
1 bPl _ u
lftIIIII fA ple
V cal __ - tutu 01
1IIdamp rtan tie bullbull or CltNl_ 1ft
bullbullbullbullM MUM --_
It _ bullbullbullbullbull ta _ 1Ile ull 1111
_til the 1 11 1ft eteh
U tMIlftIII Illcuit 81th
IIltly U lhatl bull ___ IIJ he r
I bull
a hen tid u tNnr
1- - dun __ _
-
Cathllll or al 1tIheIt 11 II -r shy_111M lap _ne
Oft hi 1 _1M _
1M 18 - _t __ lI1ruu
IIlll-Mlr nNaU h Md _ bullbullbull round to be _
(eo ~ ta _ NUl) eh
bull -Ill - - - r --t thin 1- 1111 rtl1 r he _
to 0 wil Nt U uat11
_ Ie ~ th_ hln _ _ u-I tdth bull WhIt to ttl l _ iii
1Ml 1 Chunh 18tV111 hbullbullbull_ All he 1_ eleaed -s Iftla In V h cU eW
Oft bull - II1Iu1al r
bullUIIy or -- 1_ (1 3 I _ 20T I lI 1bullbull 16 17 II
I nrua) ntUhIIII u bIlinl ~ - CUMll
Chunh The IIhu (It 1 It 6bullbullt 10 U U II I)
to ttl I bullbull tal cell
Chi_ hi 1-middot plaeed -l8JIea w tbu
10
_ - tiN
11bullbull1 a _ _ _- n () -1 tie _ bull 11
______hi bullbullbullbullbull _hi all__ JaI bull
_ nt (au tNII C
__ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullat _ taIIlil
I eu nbullbull Ml ___
a - Ilut - _ tMN JM1 _ and
-1 til ~ - bull I shy
abullbull IIM UIIt til h
rbullbull bullbull IIbullbull
I ___ 1II1et WIIl _ it_ -l nI
IIu 11 III - tN 11
_ al W I ilia Nt SIal M
ltI -d 1D Ud at au _
-111 s UIuIl _ lie autleWl 1M MUM
bull bullbullbull 1_ - _
_ at AU 1ft 1 of -
U _ ~ _tal petntSamp1 _
_ W ~bullbulld plPi_ in
tN Nel fit ~ he caubullbull n bullbullbull11 the 1M th _
t21 L ~ fMM - w_ fit (1) bullbullau _
21
itbout chng to p~t good dicrilnatlon alone the liberalshy
conervativ continuua ror pl In the rea or clrical dieiplinbull
ny Catholic ar eoncrnd with the prbullbullbullnt harta9 or clr9Y In
Catholic prih Thi uaually ratbullbullbull the quatian at clarical
clibcy Three it (2 11 and 15) perltt the rbullbullpondant to
diacrilnate bull 11ttle In 111 attitude toward hi tutUI ching Ite
11 bullbullrly ak it the chang to rrid clrlY 1bullbullIreable to the
rbullbullpendant It 2 bullbullk ir bull r bullbullpondnt thinka thi chang would rbullbullu1t
in lood bullbullrvic to peepl It 15 ineerpotbullbull the bullbullt rrquant
oent in the rirt two pilot tudibullbull whioh iapUbullbull tht thi chang
to nld clrgy llight raul t in battr bullbullrvic baerried
clrgy would hv bttr inaight into rly lir It i rbl to
ua tht bull preon ight ccapt bull chang to bull nid olrlY van
though bdobullbull not rbullbullbullbullbull it bullbull rbullbullu1ting in _d or bttr bullbullrvic but
bullbullrly beubullbull h d It noy to the bullbullitanc or the Churoh bullbull
h k it Hbullbullilht 10 think _nid clrgy auld 11v bttbullbull
bullbullbullvic or llight nat H could 10 think bullbullrried clrgy would liv
ltettr bullbullrvio but prrr the clibat olrlY h hebull awn cautDaad to
Thue 11 thr it hlp dicrillit bullbull r~ntmiddotbullbullttitud taad
thi chantbullbull
Th caaaant or dir r antbullbull180 indicted _ canebullbulln
over the poalUon cr woan in the Chuch T_ itbullbull tap thibullbull1bullbull cr
change It 1 chck the pandentmiddot tUtude to_rd bull intbullbulll
paUcipaUon by _en in worhlp nd it 15 chck hibullbulltUtUde toward
bull rl clrgy
It 16 and 18 both chok the bullbullbullpendant attitude t 1d the
ua_ of uthorlty in the Churoh Itaa 9 10 and 12 are all concrned
22
wi In hip U_ in he ChINh 1- 4 If 14
en bull __ _th he 1IffId1dU_ r the _ 111
Ute w ubullbullr u Ctweh all ani u hM
_ tile da 11bull CetMllM
th- tit~ _tdtIen W bull -Ia _
_ 1ft CNIlJ Ua ha en a _ I he
CltNIUL
f1M1 n lfI 1M Thl lnal _all _ leld Me lay -1At 11_ to 6U Calhal1M
~ vial 1A _1 parllh in I -n aagon au
DOIIPlated U 111 the allot tJu __1tIg tohl
II1ddla or tttl 111bullbull and _ __ -kad for a
~rr or tl rtlilU1ta
A epllt-halr nllelAlUbullbullaJG1ant Gtd tor the de
obtaineG nil heM tiO ta and _ tllUftd to be A co~relaU_
an thl uwn and t hal the 1Dampl __MIt
_ampI ou_ t bl ill
II IETMIDI NIT 11
Th Catall adahop ~I 1 tact
_1_ ta thl ftMa to any ar $tsa palJt 0 hI ____
the Itudy The filioo_ t lMIIJcI _ 0 catam 0
-J bull t 32 auINRlta _ parun ar he pa-__ Ira _U
1- than 20 tU ut ttbullbull fa bull la1 peJah_ and the
lan1 deAlcted that bull tnUfia_Una lan would orbullbull
23
bettr bull 1 or the population Th parihs wer dlvided into thr
group (1 - 200 rtltbullbull 201 - 00 r-111bullbull and 401 - 600 raillbullbull )
Dna parih each rroa the two larger group and our aall pariaha wr
randoaly bullbulllactad a the pl or par1h to bbullbullurv~ad Thue tha
ubJect contitut a randaa stretirid ple or the church-going
population or the R Catholic D10c of BIIcr Sinc thre 1 only
one Catholic paih in the bullbull1 town and ciUbullbull or E_tern OnIOn all
church10ing Catholic or th1 ara ar OlOad to worhip together thus
abullbulluring the bullbuller1llntr t t the vadablbullbull or 1Ig and ducation will
b rairly rprntativ or the entir Catholic population or the ar
The experientr a Cathol1c pribullbullt orrioiated at the regular
Sunday erv1cbullbull or the padshbullbull included in the ple During the tibullbull
in tha service regularly devoted to a eran he aked the u~r to pa
out copis or the attitude acale and pencil to bar or the
congregation Arter thbullbullbull -d been distributed the Eucpedantar read
the introductory paragraph or the quUonnair to the congregation H
requeted thelr cooplation in coapltiO the it and orr8led to
anwer any quetion when the elvice over Tanty ainut war
allotad to the subject ror coaplation of ttle attitude cal The
bullbullrvice _ concluded in the usual annel and the ePerinter anred
any quetion that c up
A and EdypaUal Lbullbulll bull
for the purpo anal ying the data or the tudy the ubJectbull
bullbullre dividd into thrbullbull aoe IIOUP and rour ducation 11OUP thus
living a _trix 0 t_lv call The age IIOUPbullbullbullr (1) Jct
24
btn IS-30 yar 0 ao (2) eubJaot btn 31-50 yar (3)
ubJct 51 yn 0 or oldr Thi dlvllon baed uan bullbullvnI
conidration ThbullbullubJeot in the irt ege group have lived aot or
thair livbullbull in a changing Catholic Church It i bullbull~acted that they
will be Muoh more accpting 0 change then the other groupbullbullince changa
1 1bullbullbull unuual to th Tha ubJact In the bullbullcand group havs pant
01 or their live in bull Church that did little changing end hence are
expected to b 1bullbullbull accepting Dr chang The third group Ul hava
pnt Much ora t1bullbull than ither 0 tha other group in an unchanging
rligiou atbullbullpher It i bullbull~ected that thy wiU b the t
conervativ group
The division 0 ducation into our lvelbullbullbullbullbullbulld the 8Ot
p~tical ro tha tandpoint at the gneral population to bbullbullurvayd
Gradbullbullchool high chaol __ ooUaobullbull Md a caplatad tour yaar
oollg education bullbullra oanaidred tha aibullbullt diviion to k in our
population aina they ak undratandable diviiona 01 the rapandania
lind each lavl oanUtutbullbull an appreciabl aducational dierenca Ya
at chool caplstad thue conatitutesour oparational dtinitian or
education
III PREOICTIONS
In the lioht 0 tha previous diacu ion and tha r bullbullult at tha
pilot tucUbullbull the allowing pred1ctiona bullbullre _dbullbull
1 Scarbullbull an the prbullbullant hal a the acale will b highr than
acorbullbull on the utuw halt Thi prdiction t bullbullted ith a tet
ror correlated data
2 Younger Catholic bullbullUl tend to be 01 liberal or accepting
25
tit _ A rtAun MIl ttl caul
latlaa _ ~ toe teet 1 ypo
J eav11bullbullbull111 Ie -_ r _
to u will with 1_ renal A _rn1eUon _
t w hy~bullbull
DtAPTII 111
TIIIIIle 1 vee the __ bull bullhe tUIIa Mample
bull bullbull1 lPtti A tnIl
lQM hi aW- II lO1S
_ ubullbullIe n leta _ bull
TM _ _ the -1 21
to iIIplrl _ the ~ _ bullbull _- p1Me
NI ten h
TIIIJ1e 1 v t 14 iD tile bull AVi tnI UlnaIbullbulldbullbull
aIl TNwe a I
hiIhl ~ tie Thi moa - cauu u ~
__u VIan U Ie The
bull _ MI a lea _
u- tee __ tqb
TM _ 1A TIIIIla 1 II at t _ u Uta _ 1M U ten_
- -
27
TAamppound J
bullbullEI or II POt DUCATl IIOUP
IIAI bull ntl anl1l8r 8CampI
Old ~ (a bull raquoa)(ft bull 113) (bullbull m)
middot ~~--~~~ - r---~~~ 2-l i I
~ i ~ ~ I )~--middot~---iimiddotmiddot---~~~middot~_~_~middotn i
I j II UI I bull III I n 11- i bull 124 I bull 111bull bull 84 I
~ 1
_-------middot4---middotmiddotmiddot_middot+------1
~ bull-1 n
bull bull 111 bull bull 116bull 10
-bull bull 121
1
(n bull UI)
shy
1
(a bull 3-)
cu (bullbull 2U)
bull mmiddot CoU
(a bull 17)
In fig 1 the mean IIOOfeamp or eech educUonal grC1lp 18 plotld
c)gd not dye Lowr scures middotIe indio gtl1vn of conE1rvatislII 8nll h bull gher
soor~s of 11b8ld eta Of groilolr cceptfnc1 of ot) nge Hmiddot~ d t et(JW b
tlf900 tOWfO mo EG libel 1 tti tUt19sin youngt respondentG 19
mi((UfII-gIH t~iQr 9croo1 gredudtas were just eligrtly more LblSral t n
tc younger ligl school QridIJt~S The corrsltion btlDaan 8core8 on
tilm dtitude 8cle finc -g9 was 51 Ulhich is atntist~cll) signifLclnt
t ttlpound bull 11 lsvsl TrG corrailttion between accres on tre attitud~3 scel~
1)nd age wlth educaration prtialled aut was 36 TNa younglill pelOjlla sro
SEHn to bs signlficanU) more accepting 01 change ttln older people
In fig 1 tt-a tH8n COrliS or each gloup ale plott td Il9Ilnet
th~ four Qduc~1tionEll 18113 Thli trend toward l1Il rEt liberal attitiJdo6
wi t ncroiJsnr F1iJCation is slimn in thfll graph Tta eorriltloUon butween
scar on tI~ GCelA ana echoicbull tion 118$ bull ti wlch is 8ignifiCtlnt (tt the
Jl lEtllel n~ corrsl~t1on betwgon scor on ttt~ IICel ~nd f4duQtton
lIIitt ugo pltrtiall~d out lIIes 3amp Thue edUcation is e~n to bil
signifiesntly relatQd to aecfgtptftMC8 at cr~ngo more aduc tad rlJsjJondpnts
tanding to ecclpt ctangua molS r9i11dil) th~in lee oducated 0098
Ttfl date Indice ted t~ilt tlere was no CIOfInlEltion bt~ttl1m1n )gc QItd
sducation (I -db) t Impling no overlap 1n the variance aoountilc for
by the two voriablas 80 a multiple R was computed The ~ultiple R
between 8cores on the acale and E)ge and education was bullbulla About 16
of the variance on ttese 8cores is trus predictablo from age and
education
A 1 test using the formula for carrelatad observations I UlliS done
on t9 deta from the future nd present t1Bllles of tg sc-ale T-e
bullbull
29
-~---------=l GJ8d Schaal bull 6 High School 0- __0
S COlla amiddotmiddotmiddota i
4 yra Collage bull ibull
G_ Amiddot 7- 0
bull bull - - 0 JI bullbull bull N
a
laquo
Old 1l1ddla
AGE
riquE 1 Ian acorbullbull on the attitude Bcele or the foul lIducaUone1 lavl plotted againet eg The highsr ths cors on the aeale the are liberal 01 accepting or change are the reapondenta
lJ
Did Jj a dIIle 0 0 Yatal Il- --D
11
bull
1 2 3
poundDUCATIObullbullL~V[LS
1M a bull _ne the ttltwde elbullbullr th thne poupe plt1M11 lwl The hlp Uw _ on the ele the _n 111 01 --URe or h nepond_e
31
1 - oMbullbullbull 36~)l (p lt 111) 1ndl0U auort tor th hypol
that Cthollcbullbullre _rbullbullcoepting or chabullbull alrdy lMt1 tutad than
they 1 of future hypothlzd chang
U lOR IlOllDUAL nos
S ot the 1t_ in the ttltudbullbullcalbullbullr8 ot bullbulldl Intt
btlcauae thf rtl~ot tUtudU r bull IMt iltpartnett in th
Cetllo110 Churgt todey Itbullbull 6 11 13 end 16 hev be n anAlyzlld
IIDrtl ull y than thtt othr And 1 preted 1n th U1 our
fgur to how th ulte In tr d taU ttaaa 6 11 and 13
wre ~ the uture pert 0 the 8cal and it 16 1 the prt
pert 0 th ace1
lba t
f lIUr8 3 the pnta or Meh I Ihel 111 th 1t_
bull (Dlvo-rrr1d Ctho1icbullbullhou1d b p~tted to raciv the
bullbullonu illy C-uon van though thlr bullbullaond urlbullbullbull
1 inval1d according to na~al tndard) Ovral 61 ot the
r bullbullpond t bullbullbullreed that 01 involved ln invalld 111hould
bbullbull11_0 to rbullbulliv the aat rlgur 3 that ln ach
group at l t ~a~ ot the repond ahaI thl preibullbulliv attltudbullbull
In the youngr ana _1 educatd lrouP _lIIOt 7b~ or ttl raepondant bull
bull xpl dlt with pnnt polley Svnty-toUl IGent or th
rnat wlth a 0011 eduoat1an agreed to bull changbullbullbull d1d 68)11 0 th r8apondant undr thirty y or bullbullbullbull
32
Old Yaung
I~-- -gt- bullbullbull
56~ 5~
- 1
7t~ ~ ~
f
_IDIUJ fiayenr 3 Thl pen_tag 1n ROh II 1-inI _th It 6 J_ 6 Dlvolc- llbd Catha110bull bull haul It t Icl n aact ( otal1r -Uftlon) bull theulh nll bullbull cencI_1 1 bull lavU aoollldl to --
Gbullbull SohaDl
Call
33
DIIl1 rl 4 vee theu1t 0 the VllY itbull U (PII
ehould _t U ta _fty) OvU 57j or the ehUloh
Cthollbullbull 1ft 1 bullbulltud) Ind1oat that th dl with the Cethol1
ChulGhf poUe) 0 bullbull1J_ 0 h al St __ 0 th IIhUlGh _th bull 1tecI DOn aU_ 111 w1~
t pall SJn 1M 0 h young - dl
with t polla) ~ the yaur Cathctll0 wih bull DOll
eduoatlon ~ dlred wlh th 01011 polle
Hau (leuI 5 tivu Ue peentege 1ft -h tIlI wUh
It_ 13 (__ t VI all__ 0 I bullbullU) A t
mt dl wlth hi U 1 eu t be yl that h would
1n evo 0 heving _1 aly Jn the Cthta1la Chunn uno to 81_
wlth th Ita bullbull p 1 to vo the prt peltAl i al
th data thet the bullbullt _Jult 0 to accept prlbullbull at hI U OwaU 16 C d with the
lOhl~ltlon 0 1 al) Thl t-wo proan or hdeft with a eoU eductaU 1I1d with he plOhUalUan 0 _11ft pl bullbull
EducaUan bull- to IIbullbull Ill to In eooep 0 __ pllbullbull
heft
ll a (1 6 V hlta D th MI_ on 1- 11 (To a
catholl0 It 1 ft to ta1n an ye 0 U elel nh
cantHI dvlo end the W th aontnl pill) Th data h at
34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
- Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and practices correlated with age and education
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13
Th v~iabl 0 age nd duction w~ chobullbulln bullbull th 0 pa~ticulu int~bullbullt Th popultion ra whioh the bullbullpl in the
p~bullbulllIftt tudy i dnwn oonit 0 -11 parthbullbull d bullbulloh paih
contin popl 0 11 age and ductional lvlbullbullinc the~ i only
on p~ih in ach loction Thue th~ i no pobullbullibi1ity 0 peop1
g on duotional 1vl o~ ag lvl wo~hipp1ng and int~acting bullbull
bull bullbullprat ~l1g1au group The popultiDn thu to bbullbull auitabl
on in which to t bullbullt the hypathbullbulli that ligioubullbullttitudbullbull v~y w1th
age nd duction
sbullbullbulltudibullbullbull~ piW only t givn ta Stau~middot (1955)
tudy 0 cCa~thyi_ and r ting~ Rick and Sohchw (156)
tudy 0 ~ligiou c~ii could only b dona t tibullbullbull when the ph_
to b invbullbullt1gtd o~ed t~bullbulllvaa to the ob~v Today tu~o11
ov~ changbullbull in the II Ctho1ic C~ch to o~ thi typo
oppo~tun1ty to the pnt ~bullbullbullbull~ch~ Chang i the tt~ 0 g~t bullbullt
concm in the Catholic Chu~ch t pnt Ctwt will b optionally
dfined ro~ the pu~_ 0 thi invbullbulltigtion bullbull any a1t~1ng or beli
o~ practic aong catholic that ha takn p1c 1n the pbullbullt t ty
ybullbull~ o~ i bullbullted o~ the o~bullbullabl utu~bullbull
Sinc the ch taking plac CDv~ Mfty pha bullbullbull 0 Ctho1ic li
it bullbull conaided pobullbulliIl1 to contNct bullbullcal 0 it ~latd to
thbullbullbull changbullbull and uabullbull p~aanbullbullco~ on thibullbullca1 indicto~
0 hibullbullttitudbullbull t ~ thbullbullbull chang ro~ the pu~pobullbullbull 0 thibullbulltudy
bull 1ib1 w optiona11y dined on who avo~bullbull chang and bull
contrvat1vbullbullbull on who oppobullbullbull chang The 1ib~-conbullbullrvativ
continuUII i otn on wed in rligioubullbullttitud r~ch (Ii 1965)
and i bull ci11y lIPP~opdtbullbullinc HUg10n i l1y conid~d
10
a conaarativa oc1al forc aut thi 1 not ly true and religiau
backing 1 otten g1 to libeNl and rad1cal c_d 01 udl chWlO
It bullbullbull conaldarad of pnctieal nd theoretical intet to dtlII1 if
hatarogenalty 0 ttltuda toward elliou obJact exlted in ordinay
0DnOrtion corying IIlth ag and aducation If 0 thi would
relat ralilau attitud to thobullbull ound In other ar Of nuan 11a
n i thue the nl pua 0 hibullbulltucly to clIPitaU tha
preat crl1bullbull c~a -thln tha ~n Clic Church and data~e
i l1011U attituda do ind vary in ralation to a MCI acIuoaUon
It cana1drecl d bullbulllr~a to hold tha dr 0 raliiaue
ailiation and Uta Ie actor abullbullttlltl _ pbullbulllItl to teat I htl that th i ariatl wi thl -snaU_l popu1aU
Thi 1 accaplihad ~y bullbull1otlng a population or retUlarly churchmiddot
ttandlng Catholic Peopl 0- labal t~lea a Catholic --Ply
baaauaa c1a pau or ~cauaa 0 tradltiGMl aaeealaUo
thll aa11y with the Cathollc Church IUGh aUlatiM eM haldly ~
acceptllCl aa a I_t or tlUlt Church rattl 1 aac-Rc or
Cathollc bal1e and pneUo To 1M IU chaol a ehch l
population cannot takn pr 0 the Ject t or
MIL llut it at l_t ur that lUI 1 are 1ft touch
wi th the c occurring 1ft the Cahl1c Church and hat Utaa e
have _ io OIl ir liv d hence ar 1 u tIt_ at l bullbullt
In aft aanae 0 the te
statiUoaUy lJlllti the populatlon tie chWoh-attandera do
rave or tII vari_l11y that would ~ lUnd it he papulation
1 del a oiU 0 anyone who Oh the lallNtl 0 Catholic lut thibullbullWely 1 not ifttareatad ln rl1iy t attitud_
11
that lie u 11middot lIIIIk 1M
th4I It _ 1t1a M
IIau _11 VII1yent11 al n
__ UM fill bullbullbullbullbull
the of bullbullbull __ a_ _ _VtI u 1a _ _
_ catMUe JU1l1 till _ t_
aW
I MLlIICf
uu ta tuIIy abe r_ fit
at _II bull lell Ill It e
_u leila (1_)bull
bull Ii bullbullbullbull -- e __ IIUl 1bullbulltI iAtt bullbullbull __ (II Ia) ruu I Ill bullbullbull JMiwitlual _1 IdbullbullIt _ (p_
bull tud1 ell _ fill
1 bullbull11 _ IIIIB leU (I)
bull tuIIy 1 thU Cdtu_
thtIl ~ 1UaUea _ 1 __ de u_ bull cw (1 lis n_tat_ bull _ ~I
11 bullbull_tIbull N lieU __ t ad_ ia
U _ of the - cathu 1
-al t -u vI -1c1aI
t I bullbull 111 Itt cau poundMacIft lleDt tItle
~ d t h1e a1_
16
-- 1 __ lIeUa tha bullbullbullbullbull will lie
ale __ _ ____
Iel and 1~eto (1965) elM PDIt that Ute gnup lp
or the ilMnt Mould be ken lA_ 1ft _~tude ah
They ehawed tha JMta ~ to lawft ~ bullbullPI bull
(bullbulltal deairab111ty) and L (Ua) _1_ heR ttlbullbullI1-nt_ a
cauouc 1t traquo MAtIld ~lt bullbull IMotOh then he
la Accen1ng It thia tudy - adaln1aU 0 h tna~t
by a 11_t -ould both helIt iM thbullbullaUaldl1ty h
8IIIt CllDUiINt______in U u_ IIh1I1
CMAmlll
I Il1MODI - HIT 1
ml f It shyThe ~ 11 aU lie ounlRM 1
~ bullbull ___ ~ 1 -la 1ft the pu 111 nMlv _ Me
tutu bullu _ an1 will he
at h _ Al1_ Ml (1161) __ tn
u lilt nUU __ 1_ bull
a1 _ uu u - _v - - The pUM n bullbullbull _ PllMI11
s- 1 __ 1eWM _we ca
wI Uu_ _
at bullbullbullbullbullbull
lle bullbullbullntt bullbull W leW bull _ _ _
1___Uwa1 bullbullbullbullbullbull 1 he 1eahtaJ Uta __~
-Uuel bullbull_1 1 All 1 bull
111bullbull1 an MIa In ie
- Catlu cane 1ft U
1ft to W
_ t at u_ _ at u
11
mal tN _a AU tile
1 1ft thla e bull u bullt - tba or the
u __ fit 1Mt At Ut U the lUI t JuI n - hit dl__ ( lN1) 1111_
tnIlllllllJe _ alAe _tIl tWI 1ft dIdIIt
Ill 1 hi
W m they fit _t ~
u-au_ TN_ _ 101
I 1INUMd ampb _Ill II pel _U
_111 ~_ -1 _ In
he u- __ 1 ampII
- A 11_ the - _ 1 11 III _ h
- aa he
1 bPl _ u
lftIIIII fA ple
V cal __ - tutu 01
1IIdamp rtan tie bullbull or CltNl_ 1ft
bullbullbullbullM MUM --_
It _ bullbullbullbullbull ta _ 1Ile ull 1111
_til the 1 11 1ft eteh
U tMIlftIII Illcuit 81th
IIltly U lhatl bull ___ IIJ he r
I bull
a hen tid u tNnr
1- - dun __ _
-
Cathllll or al 1tIheIt 11 II -r shy_111M lap _ne
Oft hi 1 _1M _
1M 18 - _t __ lI1ruu
IIlll-Mlr nNaU h Md _ bullbullbull round to be _
(eo ~ ta _ NUl) eh
bull -Ill - - - r --t thin 1- 1111 rtl1 r he _
to 0 wil Nt U uat11
_ Ie ~ th_ hln _ _ u-I tdth bull WhIt to ttl l _ iii
1Ml 1 Chunh 18tV111 hbullbullbull_ All he 1_ eleaed -s Iftla In V h cU eW
Oft bull - II1Iu1al r
bullUIIy or -- 1_ (1 3 I _ 20T I lI 1bullbull 16 17 II
I nrua) ntUhIIII u bIlinl ~ - CUMll
Chunh The IIhu (It 1 It 6bullbullt 10 U U II I)
to ttl I bullbull tal cell
Chi_ hi 1-middot plaeed -l8JIea w tbu
10
_ - tiN
11bullbull1 a _ _ _- n () -1 tie _ bull 11
______hi bullbullbullbullbull _hi all__ JaI bull
_ nt (au tNII C
__ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullat _ taIIlil
I eu nbullbull Ml ___
a - Ilut - _ tMN JM1 _ and
-1 til ~ - bull I shy
abullbull IIM UIIt til h
rbullbull bullbull IIbullbull
I ___ 1II1et WIIl _ it_ -l nI
IIu 11 III - tN 11
_ al W I ilia Nt SIal M
ltI -d 1D Ud at au _
-111 s UIuIl _ lie autleWl 1M MUM
bull bullbullbull 1_ - _
_ at AU 1ft 1 of -
U _ ~ _tal petntSamp1 _
_ W ~bullbulld plPi_ in
tN Nel fit ~ he caubullbull n bullbullbull11 the 1M th _
t21 L ~ fMM - w_ fit (1) bullbullau _
21
itbout chng to p~t good dicrilnatlon alone the liberalshy
conervativ continuua ror pl In the rea or clrical dieiplinbull
ny Catholic ar eoncrnd with the prbullbullbullnt harta9 or clr9Y In
Catholic prih Thi uaually ratbullbullbull the quatian at clarical
clibcy Three it (2 11 and 15) perltt the rbullbullpondant to
diacrilnate bull 11ttle In 111 attitude toward hi tutUI ching Ite
11 bullbullrly ak it the chang to rrid clrlY 1bullbullIreable to the
rbullbullpendant It 2 bullbullk ir bull r bullbullpondnt thinka thi chang would rbullbullu1t
in lood bullbullrvic to peepl It 15 ineerpotbullbull the bullbullt rrquant
oent in the rirt two pilot tudibullbull whioh iapUbullbull tht thi chang
to nld clrgy llight raul t in battr bullbullrvic baerried
clrgy would hv bttr inaight into rly lir It i rbl to
ua tht bull preon ight ccapt bull chang to bull nid olrlY van
though bdobullbull not rbullbullbullbullbull it bullbull rbullbullu1ting in _d or bttr bullbullrvic but
bullbullrly beubullbull h d It noy to the bullbullitanc or the Churoh bullbull
h k it Hbullbullilht 10 think _nid clrgy auld 11v bttbullbull
bullbullbullvic or llight nat H could 10 think bullbullrried clrgy would liv
ltettr bullbullrvio but prrr the clibat olrlY h hebull awn cautDaad to
Thue 11 thr it hlp dicrillit bullbull r~ntmiddotbullbullttitud taad
thi chantbullbull
Th caaaant or dir r antbullbull180 indicted _ canebullbulln
over the poalUon cr woan in the Chuch T_ itbullbull tap thibullbull1bullbull cr
change It 1 chck the pandentmiddot tUtude to_rd bull intbullbulll
paUcipaUon by _en in worhlp nd it 15 chck hibullbulltUtUde toward
bull rl clrgy
It 16 and 18 both chok the bullbullbullpendant attitude t 1d the
ua_ of uthorlty in the Churoh Itaa 9 10 and 12 are all concrned
22
wi In hip U_ in he ChINh 1- 4 If 14
en bull __ _th he 1IffId1dU_ r the _ 111
Ute w ubullbullr u Ctweh all ani u hM
_ tile da 11bull CetMllM
th- tit~ _tdtIen W bull -Ia _
_ 1ft CNIlJ Ua ha en a _ I he
CltNIUL
f1M1 n lfI 1M Thl lnal _all _ leld Me lay -1At 11_ to 6U Calhal1M
~ vial 1A _1 parllh in I -n aagon au
DOIIPlated U 111 the allot tJu __1tIg tohl
II1ddla or tttl 111bullbull and _ __ -kad for a
~rr or tl rtlilU1ta
A epllt-halr nllelAlUbullbullaJG1ant Gtd tor the de
obtaineG nil heM tiO ta and _ tllUftd to be A co~relaU_
an thl uwn and t hal the 1Dampl __MIt
_ampI ou_ t bl ill
II IETMIDI NIT 11
Th Catall adahop ~I 1 tact
_1_ ta thl ftMa to any ar $tsa palJt 0 hI ____
the Itudy The filioo_ t lMIIJcI _ 0 catam 0
-J bull t 32 auINRlta _ parun ar he pa-__ Ira _U
1- than 20 tU ut ttbullbull fa bull la1 peJah_ and the
lan1 deAlcted that bull tnUfia_Una lan would orbullbull
23
bettr bull 1 or the population Th parihs wer dlvided into thr
group (1 - 200 rtltbullbull 201 - 00 r-111bullbull and 401 - 600 raillbullbull )
Dna parih each rroa the two larger group and our aall pariaha wr
randoaly bullbulllactad a the pl or par1h to bbullbullurv~ad Thue tha
ubJect contitut a randaa stretirid ple or the church-going
population or the R Catholic D10c of BIIcr Sinc thre 1 only
one Catholic paih in the bullbull1 town and ciUbullbull or E_tern OnIOn all
church10ing Catholic or th1 ara ar OlOad to worhip together thus
abullbulluring the bullbuller1llntr t t the vadablbullbull or 1Ig and ducation will
b rairly rprntativ or the entir Catholic population or the ar
The experientr a Cathol1c pribullbullt orrioiated at the regular
Sunday erv1cbullbull or the padshbullbull included in the ple During the tibullbull
in tha service regularly devoted to a eran he aked the u~r to pa
out copis or the attitude acale and pencil to bar or the
congregation Arter thbullbullbull -d been distributed the Eucpedantar read
the introductory paragraph or the quUonnair to the congregation H
requeted thelr cooplation in coapltiO the it and orr8led to
anwer any quetion when the elvice over Tanty ainut war
allotad to the subject ror coaplation of ttle attitude cal The
bullbullrvice _ concluded in the usual annel and the ePerinter anred
any quetion that c up
A and EdypaUal Lbullbulll bull
for the purpo anal ying the data or the tudy the ubJectbull
bullbullre dividd into thrbullbull aoe IIOUP and rour ducation 11OUP thus
living a _trix 0 t_lv call The age IIOUPbullbullbullr (1) Jct
24
btn IS-30 yar 0 ao (2) eubJaot btn 31-50 yar (3)
ubJct 51 yn 0 or oldr Thi dlvllon baed uan bullbullvnI
conidration ThbullbullubJeot in the irt ege group have lived aot or
thair livbullbull in a changing Catholic Church It i bullbull~acted that they
will be Muoh more accpting 0 change then the other groupbullbullince changa
1 1bullbullbull unuual to th Tha ubJact In the bullbullcand group havs pant
01 or their live in bull Church that did little changing end hence are
expected to b 1bullbullbull accepting Dr chang The third group Ul hava
pnt Much ora t1bullbull than ither 0 tha other group in an unchanging
rligiou atbullbullpher It i bullbull~ected that thy wiU b the t
conervativ group
The division 0 ducation into our lvelbullbullbullbullbullbulld the 8Ot
p~tical ro tha tandpoint at the gneral population to bbullbullurvayd
Gradbullbullchool high chaol __ ooUaobullbull Md a caplatad tour yaar
oollg education bullbullra oanaidred tha aibullbullt diviion to k in our
population aina they ak undratandable diviiona 01 the rapandania
lind each lavl oanUtutbullbull an appreciabl aducational dierenca Ya
at chool caplstad thue conatitutesour oparational dtinitian or
education
III PREOICTIONS
In the lioht 0 tha previous diacu ion and tha r bullbullult at tha
pilot tucUbullbull the allowing pred1ctiona bullbullre _dbullbull
1 Scarbullbull an the prbullbullant hal a the acale will b highr than
acorbullbull on the utuw halt Thi prdiction t bullbullted ith a tet
ror correlated data
2 Younger Catholic bullbullUl tend to be 01 liberal or accepting
25
tit _ A rtAun MIl ttl caul
latlaa _ ~ toe teet 1 ypo
J eav11bullbullbull111 Ie -_ r _
to u will with 1_ renal A _rn1eUon _
t w hy~bullbull
DtAPTII 111
TIIIIIle 1 vee the __ bull bullhe tUIIa Mample
bull bullbull1 lPtti A tnIl
lQM hi aW- II lO1S
_ ubullbullIe n leta _ bull
TM _ _ the -1 21
to iIIplrl _ the ~ _ bullbull _- p1Me
NI ten h
TIIIJ1e 1 v t 14 iD tile bull AVi tnI UlnaIbullbulldbullbull
aIl TNwe a I
hiIhl ~ tie Thi moa - cauu u ~
__u VIan U Ie The
bull _ MI a lea _
u- tee __ tqb
TM _ 1A TIIIIla 1 II at t _ u Uta _ 1M U ten_
- -
27
TAamppound J
bullbullEI or II POt DUCATl IIOUP
IIAI bull ntl anl1l8r 8CampI
Old ~ (a bull raquoa)(ft bull 113) (bullbull m)
middot ~~--~~~ - r---~~~ 2-l i I
~ i ~ ~ I )~--middot~---iimiddotmiddot---~~~middot~_~_~middotn i
I j II UI I bull III I n 11- i bull 124 I bull 111bull bull 84 I
~ 1
_-------middot4---middotmiddotmiddot_middot+------1
~ bull-1 n
bull bull 111 bull bull 116bull 10
-bull bull 121
1
(n bull UI)
shy
1
(a bull 3-)
cu (bullbull 2U)
bull mmiddot CoU
(a bull 17)
In fig 1 the mean IIOOfeamp or eech educUonal grC1lp 18 plotld
c)gd not dye Lowr scures middotIe indio gtl1vn of conE1rvatislII 8nll h bull gher
soor~s of 11b8ld eta Of groilolr cceptfnc1 of ot) nge Hmiddot~ d t et(JW b
tlf900 tOWfO mo EG libel 1 tti tUt19sin youngt respondentG 19
mi((UfII-gIH t~iQr 9croo1 gredudtas were just eligrtly more LblSral t n
tc younger ligl school QridIJt~S The corrsltion btlDaan 8core8 on
tilm dtitude 8cle finc -g9 was 51 Ulhich is atntist~cll) signifLclnt
t ttlpound bull 11 lsvsl TrG corrailttion between accres on tre attitud~3 scel~
1)nd age wlth educaration prtialled aut was 36 TNa younglill pelOjlla sro
SEHn to bs signlficanU) more accepting 01 change ttln older people
In fig 1 tt-a tH8n COrliS or each gloup ale plott td Il9Ilnet
th~ four Qduc~1tionEll 18113 Thli trend toward l1Il rEt liberal attitiJdo6
wi t ncroiJsnr F1iJCation is slimn in thfll graph Tta eorriltloUon butween
scar on tI~ GCelA ana echoicbull tion 118$ bull ti wlch is 8ignifiCtlnt (tt the
Jl lEtllel n~ corrsl~t1on betwgon scor on ttt~ IICel ~nd f4duQtton
lIIitt ugo pltrtiall~d out lIIes 3amp Thue edUcation is e~n to bil
signifiesntly relatQd to aecfgtptftMC8 at cr~ngo more aduc tad rlJsjJondpnts
tanding to ecclpt ctangua molS r9i11dil) th~in lee oducated 0098
Ttfl date Indice ted t~ilt tlere was no CIOfInlEltion bt~ttl1m1n )gc QItd
sducation (I -db) t Impling no overlap 1n the variance aoountilc for
by the two voriablas 80 a multiple R was computed The ~ultiple R
between 8cores on the acale and E)ge and education was bullbulla About 16
of the variance on ttese 8cores is trus predictablo from age and
education
A 1 test using the formula for carrelatad observations I UlliS done
on t9 deta from the future nd present t1Bllles of tg sc-ale T-e
bullbull
29
-~---------=l GJ8d Schaal bull 6 High School 0- __0
S COlla amiddotmiddotmiddota i
4 yra Collage bull ibull
G_ Amiddot 7- 0
bull bull - - 0 JI bullbull bull N
a
laquo
Old 1l1ddla
AGE
riquE 1 Ian acorbullbull on the attitude Bcele or the foul lIducaUone1 lavl plotted againet eg The highsr ths cors on the aeale the are liberal 01 accepting or change are the reapondenta
lJ
Did Jj a dIIle 0 0 Yatal Il- --D
11
bull
1 2 3
poundDUCATIObullbullL~V[LS
1M a bull _ne the ttltwde elbullbullr th thne poupe plt1M11 lwl The hlp Uw _ on the ele the _n 111 01 --URe or h nepond_e
31
1 - oMbullbullbull 36~)l (p lt 111) 1ndl0U auort tor th hypol
that Cthollcbullbullre _rbullbullcoepting or chabullbull alrdy lMt1 tutad than
they 1 of future hypothlzd chang
U lOR IlOllDUAL nos
S ot the 1t_ in the ttltudbullbullcalbullbullr8 ot bullbulldl Intt
btlcauae thf rtl~ot tUtudU r bull IMt iltpartnett in th
Cetllo110 Churgt todey Itbullbull 6 11 13 end 16 hev be n anAlyzlld
IIDrtl ull y than thtt othr And 1 preted 1n th U1 our
fgur to how th ulte In tr d taU ttaaa 6 11 and 13
wre ~ the uture pert 0 the 8cal and it 16 1 the prt
pert 0 th ace1
lba t
f lIUr8 3 the pnta or Meh I Ihel 111 th 1t_
bull (Dlvo-rrr1d Ctho1icbullbullhou1d b p~tted to raciv the
bullbullonu illy C-uon van though thlr bullbullaond urlbullbullbull
1 inval1d according to na~al tndard) Ovral 61 ot the
r bullbullpond t bullbullbullreed that 01 involved ln invalld 111hould
bbullbull11_0 to rbullbulliv the aat rlgur 3 that ln ach
group at l t ~a~ ot the repond ahaI thl preibullbulliv attltudbullbull
In the youngr ana _1 educatd lrouP _lIIOt 7b~ or ttl raepondant bull
bull xpl dlt with pnnt polley Svnty-toUl IGent or th
rnat wlth a 0011 eduoat1an agreed to bull changbullbullbull d1d 68)11 0 th r8apondant undr thirty y or bullbullbullbull
32
Old Yaung
I~-- -gt- bullbullbull
56~ 5~
- 1
7t~ ~ ~
f
_IDIUJ fiayenr 3 Thl pen_tag 1n ROh II 1-inI _th It 6 J_ 6 Dlvolc- llbd Catha110bull bull haul It t Icl n aact ( otal1r -Uftlon) bull theulh nll bullbull cencI_1 1 bull lavU aoollldl to --
Gbullbull SohaDl
Call
33
DIIl1 rl 4 vee theu1t 0 the VllY itbull U (PII
ehould _t U ta _fty) OvU 57j or the ehUloh
Cthollbullbull 1ft 1 bullbulltud) Ind1oat that th dl with the Cethol1
ChulGhf poUe) 0 bullbull1J_ 0 h al St __ 0 th IIhUlGh _th bull 1tecI DOn aU_ 111 w1~
t pall SJn 1M 0 h young - dl
with t polla) ~ the yaur Cathctll0 wih bull DOll
eduoatlon ~ dlred wlh th 01011 polle
Hau (leuI 5 tivu Ue peentege 1ft -h tIlI wUh
It_ 13 (__ t VI all__ 0 I bullbullU) A t
mt dl wlth hi U 1 eu t be yl that h would
1n evo 0 heving _1 aly Jn the Cthta1la Chunn uno to 81_
wlth th Ita bullbull p 1 to vo the prt peltAl i al
th data thet the bullbullt _Jult 0 to accept prlbullbull at hI U OwaU 16 C d with the
lOhl~ltlon 0 1 al) Thl t-wo proan or hdeft with a eoU eductaU 1I1d with he plOhUalUan 0 _11ft pl bullbull
EducaUan bull- to IIbullbull Ill to In eooep 0 __ pllbullbull
heft
ll a (1 6 V hlta D th MI_ on 1- 11 (To a
catholl0 It 1 ft to ta1n an ye 0 U elel nh
cantHI dvlo end the W th aontnl pill) Th data h at
34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
- Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and practices correlated with age and education
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10
a conaarativa oc1al forc aut thi 1 not ly true and religiau
backing 1 otten g1 to libeNl and rad1cal c_d 01 udl chWlO
It bullbullbull conaldarad of pnctieal nd theoretical intet to dtlII1 if
hatarogenalty 0 ttltuda toward elliou obJact exlted in ordinay
0DnOrtion corying IIlth ag and aducation If 0 thi would
relat ralilau attitud to thobullbull ound In other ar Of nuan 11a
n i thue the nl pua 0 hibullbulltucly to clIPitaU tha
preat crl1bullbull c~a -thln tha ~n Clic Church and data~e
i l1011U attituda do ind vary in ralation to a MCI acIuoaUon
It cana1drecl d bullbulllr~a to hold tha dr 0 raliiaue
ailiation and Uta Ie actor abullbullttlltl _ pbullbulllItl to teat I htl that th i ariatl wi thl -snaU_l popu1aU
Thi 1 accaplihad ~y bullbull1otlng a population or retUlarly churchmiddot
ttandlng Catholic Peopl 0- labal t~lea a Catholic --Ply
baaauaa c1a pau or ~cauaa 0 tradltiGMl aaeealaUo
thll aa11y with the Cathollc Church IUGh aUlatiM eM haldly ~
acceptllCl aa a I_t or tlUlt Church rattl 1 aac-Rc or
Cathollc bal1e and pneUo To 1M IU chaol a ehch l
population cannot takn pr 0 the Ject t or
MIL llut it at l_t ur that lUI 1 are 1ft touch
wi th the c occurring 1ft the Cahl1c Church and hat Utaa e
have _ io OIl ir liv d hence ar 1 u tIt_ at l bullbullt
In aft aanae 0 the te
statiUoaUy lJlllti the populatlon tie chWoh-attandera do
rave or tII vari_l11y that would ~ lUnd it he papulation
1 del a oiU 0 anyone who Oh the lallNtl 0 Catholic lut thibullbullWely 1 not ifttareatad ln rl1iy t attitud_
11
that lie u 11middot lIIIIk 1M
th4I It _ 1t1a M
IIau _11 VII1yent11 al n
__ UM fill bullbullbullbullbull
the of bullbullbull __ a_ _ _VtI u 1a _ _
_ catMUe JU1l1 till _ t_
aW
I MLlIICf
uu ta tuIIy abe r_ fit
at _II bull lell Ill It e
_u leila (1_)bull
bull Ii bullbullbullbull -- e __ IIUl 1bullbulltI iAtt bullbullbull __ (II Ia) ruu I Ill bullbullbull JMiwitlual _1 IdbullbullIt _ (p_
bull tud1 ell _ fill
1 bullbull11 _ IIIIB leU (I)
bull tuIIy 1 thU Cdtu_
thtIl ~ 1UaUea _ 1 __ de u_ bull cw (1 lis n_tat_ bull _ ~I
11 bullbull_tIbull N lieU __ t ad_ ia
U _ of the - cathu 1
-al t -u vI -1c1aI
t I bullbull 111 Itt cau poundMacIft lleDt tItle
~ d t h1e a1_
16
-- 1 __ lIeUa tha bullbullbullbullbull will lie
ale __ _ ____
Iel and 1~eto (1965) elM PDIt that Ute gnup lp
or the ilMnt Mould be ken lA_ 1ft _~tude ah
They ehawed tha JMta ~ to lawft ~ bullbullPI bull
(bullbulltal deairab111ty) and L (Ua) _1_ heR ttlbullbullI1-nt_ a
cauouc 1t traquo MAtIld ~lt bullbull IMotOh then he
la Accen1ng It thia tudy - adaln1aU 0 h tna~t
by a 11_t -ould both helIt iM thbullbullaUaldl1ty h
8IIIt CllDUiINt______in U u_ IIh1I1
CMAmlll
I Il1MODI - HIT 1
ml f It shyThe ~ 11 aU lie ounlRM 1
~ bullbull ___ ~ 1 -la 1ft the pu 111 nMlv _ Me
tutu bullu _ an1 will he
at h _ Al1_ Ml (1161) __ tn
u lilt nUU __ 1_ bull
a1 _ uu u - _v - - The pUM n bullbullbull _ PllMI11
s- 1 __ 1eWM _we ca
wI Uu_ _
at bullbullbullbullbullbull
lle bullbullbullntt bullbull W leW bull _ _ _
1___Uwa1 bullbullbullbullbullbull 1 he 1eahtaJ Uta __~
-Uuel bullbull_1 1 All 1 bull
111bullbull1 an MIa In ie
- Catlu cane 1ft U
1ft to W
_ t at u_ _ at u
11
mal tN _a AU tile
1 1ft thla e bull u bullt - tba or the
u __ fit 1Mt At Ut U the lUI t JuI n - hit dl__ ( lN1) 1111_
tnIlllllllJe _ alAe _tIl tWI 1ft dIdIIt
Ill 1 hi
W m they fit _t ~
u-au_ TN_ _ 101
I 1INUMd ampb _Ill II pel _U
_111 ~_ -1 _ In
he u- __ 1 ampII
- A 11_ the - _ 1 11 III _ h
- aa he
1 bPl _ u
lftIIIII fA ple
V cal __ - tutu 01
1IIdamp rtan tie bullbull or CltNl_ 1ft
bullbullbullbullM MUM --_
It _ bullbullbullbullbull ta _ 1Ile ull 1111
_til the 1 11 1ft eteh
U tMIlftIII Illcuit 81th
IIltly U lhatl bull ___ IIJ he r
I bull
a hen tid u tNnr
1- - dun __ _
-
Cathllll or al 1tIheIt 11 II -r shy_111M lap _ne
Oft hi 1 _1M _
1M 18 - _t __ lI1ruu
IIlll-Mlr nNaU h Md _ bullbullbull round to be _
(eo ~ ta _ NUl) eh
bull -Ill - - - r --t thin 1- 1111 rtl1 r he _
to 0 wil Nt U uat11
_ Ie ~ th_ hln _ _ u-I tdth bull WhIt to ttl l _ iii
1Ml 1 Chunh 18tV111 hbullbullbull_ All he 1_ eleaed -s Iftla In V h cU eW
Oft bull - II1Iu1al r
bullUIIy or -- 1_ (1 3 I _ 20T I lI 1bullbull 16 17 II
I nrua) ntUhIIII u bIlinl ~ - CUMll
Chunh The IIhu (It 1 It 6bullbullt 10 U U II I)
to ttl I bullbull tal cell
Chi_ hi 1-middot plaeed -l8JIea w tbu
10
_ - tiN
11bullbull1 a _ _ _- n () -1 tie _ bull 11
______hi bullbullbullbullbull _hi all__ JaI bull
_ nt (au tNII C
__ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullat _ taIIlil
I eu nbullbull Ml ___
a - Ilut - _ tMN JM1 _ and
-1 til ~ - bull I shy
abullbull IIM UIIt til h
rbullbull bullbull IIbullbull
I ___ 1II1et WIIl _ it_ -l nI
IIu 11 III - tN 11
_ al W I ilia Nt SIal M
ltI -d 1D Ud at au _
-111 s UIuIl _ lie autleWl 1M MUM
bull bullbullbull 1_ - _
_ at AU 1ft 1 of -
U _ ~ _tal petntSamp1 _
_ W ~bullbulld plPi_ in
tN Nel fit ~ he caubullbull n bullbullbull11 the 1M th _
t21 L ~ fMM - w_ fit (1) bullbullau _
21
itbout chng to p~t good dicrilnatlon alone the liberalshy
conervativ continuua ror pl In the rea or clrical dieiplinbull
ny Catholic ar eoncrnd with the prbullbullbullnt harta9 or clr9Y In
Catholic prih Thi uaually ratbullbullbull the quatian at clarical
clibcy Three it (2 11 and 15) perltt the rbullbullpondant to
diacrilnate bull 11ttle In 111 attitude toward hi tutUI ching Ite
11 bullbullrly ak it the chang to rrid clrlY 1bullbullIreable to the
rbullbullpendant It 2 bullbullk ir bull r bullbullpondnt thinka thi chang would rbullbullu1t
in lood bullbullrvic to peepl It 15 ineerpotbullbull the bullbullt rrquant
oent in the rirt two pilot tudibullbull whioh iapUbullbull tht thi chang
to nld clrgy llight raul t in battr bullbullrvic baerried
clrgy would hv bttr inaight into rly lir It i rbl to
ua tht bull preon ight ccapt bull chang to bull nid olrlY van
though bdobullbull not rbullbullbullbullbull it bullbull rbullbullu1ting in _d or bttr bullbullrvic but
bullbullrly beubullbull h d It noy to the bullbullitanc or the Churoh bullbull
h k it Hbullbullilht 10 think _nid clrgy auld 11v bttbullbull
bullbullbullvic or llight nat H could 10 think bullbullrried clrgy would liv
ltettr bullbullrvio but prrr the clibat olrlY h hebull awn cautDaad to
Thue 11 thr it hlp dicrillit bullbull r~ntmiddotbullbullttitud taad
thi chantbullbull
Th caaaant or dir r antbullbull180 indicted _ canebullbulln
over the poalUon cr woan in the Chuch T_ itbullbull tap thibullbull1bullbull cr
change It 1 chck the pandentmiddot tUtude to_rd bull intbullbulll
paUcipaUon by _en in worhlp nd it 15 chck hibullbulltUtUde toward
bull rl clrgy
It 16 and 18 both chok the bullbullbullpendant attitude t 1d the
ua_ of uthorlty in the Churoh Itaa 9 10 and 12 are all concrned
22
wi In hip U_ in he ChINh 1- 4 If 14
en bull __ _th he 1IffId1dU_ r the _ 111
Ute w ubullbullr u Ctweh all ani u hM
_ tile da 11bull CetMllM
th- tit~ _tdtIen W bull -Ia _
_ 1ft CNIlJ Ua ha en a _ I he
CltNIUL
f1M1 n lfI 1M Thl lnal _all _ leld Me lay -1At 11_ to 6U Calhal1M
~ vial 1A _1 parllh in I -n aagon au
DOIIPlated U 111 the allot tJu __1tIg tohl
II1ddla or tttl 111bullbull and _ __ -kad for a
~rr or tl rtlilU1ta
A epllt-halr nllelAlUbullbullaJG1ant Gtd tor the de
obtaineG nil heM tiO ta and _ tllUftd to be A co~relaU_
an thl uwn and t hal the 1Dampl __MIt
_ampI ou_ t bl ill
II IETMIDI NIT 11
Th Catall adahop ~I 1 tact
_1_ ta thl ftMa to any ar $tsa palJt 0 hI ____
the Itudy The filioo_ t lMIIJcI _ 0 catam 0
-J bull t 32 auINRlta _ parun ar he pa-__ Ira _U
1- than 20 tU ut ttbullbull fa bull la1 peJah_ and the
lan1 deAlcted that bull tnUfia_Una lan would orbullbull
23
bettr bull 1 or the population Th parihs wer dlvided into thr
group (1 - 200 rtltbullbull 201 - 00 r-111bullbull and 401 - 600 raillbullbull )
Dna parih each rroa the two larger group and our aall pariaha wr
randoaly bullbulllactad a the pl or par1h to bbullbullurv~ad Thue tha
ubJect contitut a randaa stretirid ple or the church-going
population or the R Catholic D10c of BIIcr Sinc thre 1 only
one Catholic paih in the bullbull1 town and ciUbullbull or E_tern OnIOn all
church10ing Catholic or th1 ara ar OlOad to worhip together thus
abullbulluring the bullbuller1llntr t t the vadablbullbull or 1Ig and ducation will
b rairly rprntativ or the entir Catholic population or the ar
The experientr a Cathol1c pribullbullt orrioiated at the regular
Sunday erv1cbullbull or the padshbullbull included in the ple During the tibullbull
in tha service regularly devoted to a eran he aked the u~r to pa
out copis or the attitude acale and pencil to bar or the
congregation Arter thbullbullbull -d been distributed the Eucpedantar read
the introductory paragraph or the quUonnair to the congregation H
requeted thelr cooplation in coapltiO the it and orr8led to
anwer any quetion when the elvice over Tanty ainut war
allotad to the subject ror coaplation of ttle attitude cal The
bullbullrvice _ concluded in the usual annel and the ePerinter anred
any quetion that c up
A and EdypaUal Lbullbulll bull
for the purpo anal ying the data or the tudy the ubJectbull
bullbullre dividd into thrbullbull aoe IIOUP and rour ducation 11OUP thus
living a _trix 0 t_lv call The age IIOUPbullbullbullr (1) Jct
24
btn IS-30 yar 0 ao (2) eubJaot btn 31-50 yar (3)
ubJct 51 yn 0 or oldr Thi dlvllon baed uan bullbullvnI
conidration ThbullbullubJeot in the irt ege group have lived aot or
thair livbullbull in a changing Catholic Church It i bullbull~acted that they
will be Muoh more accpting 0 change then the other groupbullbullince changa
1 1bullbullbull unuual to th Tha ubJact In the bullbullcand group havs pant
01 or their live in bull Church that did little changing end hence are
expected to b 1bullbullbull accepting Dr chang The third group Ul hava
pnt Much ora t1bullbull than ither 0 tha other group in an unchanging
rligiou atbullbullpher It i bullbull~ected that thy wiU b the t
conervativ group
The division 0 ducation into our lvelbullbullbullbullbullbulld the 8Ot
p~tical ro tha tandpoint at the gneral population to bbullbullurvayd
Gradbullbullchool high chaol __ ooUaobullbull Md a caplatad tour yaar
oollg education bullbullra oanaidred tha aibullbullt diviion to k in our
population aina they ak undratandable diviiona 01 the rapandania
lind each lavl oanUtutbullbull an appreciabl aducational dierenca Ya
at chool caplstad thue conatitutesour oparational dtinitian or
education
III PREOICTIONS
In the lioht 0 tha previous diacu ion and tha r bullbullult at tha
pilot tucUbullbull the allowing pred1ctiona bullbullre _dbullbull
1 Scarbullbull an the prbullbullant hal a the acale will b highr than
acorbullbull on the utuw halt Thi prdiction t bullbullted ith a tet
ror correlated data
2 Younger Catholic bullbullUl tend to be 01 liberal or accepting
25
tit _ A rtAun MIl ttl caul
latlaa _ ~ toe teet 1 ypo
J eav11bullbullbull111 Ie -_ r _
to u will with 1_ renal A _rn1eUon _
t w hy~bullbull
DtAPTII 111
TIIIIIle 1 vee the __ bull bullhe tUIIa Mample
bull bullbull1 lPtti A tnIl
lQM hi aW- II lO1S
_ ubullbullIe n leta _ bull
TM _ _ the -1 21
to iIIplrl _ the ~ _ bullbull _- p1Me
NI ten h
TIIIJ1e 1 v t 14 iD tile bull AVi tnI UlnaIbullbulldbullbull
aIl TNwe a I
hiIhl ~ tie Thi moa - cauu u ~
__u VIan U Ie The
bull _ MI a lea _
u- tee __ tqb
TM _ 1A TIIIIla 1 II at t _ u Uta _ 1M U ten_
- -
27
TAamppound J
bullbullEI or II POt DUCATl IIOUP
IIAI bull ntl anl1l8r 8CampI
Old ~ (a bull raquoa)(ft bull 113) (bullbull m)
middot ~~--~~~ - r---~~~ 2-l i I
~ i ~ ~ I )~--middot~---iimiddotmiddot---~~~middot~_~_~middotn i
I j II UI I bull III I n 11- i bull 124 I bull 111bull bull 84 I
~ 1
_-------middot4---middotmiddotmiddot_middot+------1
~ bull-1 n
bull bull 111 bull bull 116bull 10
-bull bull 121
1
(n bull UI)
shy
1
(a bull 3-)
cu (bullbull 2U)
bull mmiddot CoU
(a bull 17)
In fig 1 the mean IIOOfeamp or eech educUonal grC1lp 18 plotld
c)gd not dye Lowr scures middotIe indio gtl1vn of conE1rvatislII 8nll h bull gher
soor~s of 11b8ld eta Of groilolr cceptfnc1 of ot) nge Hmiddot~ d t et(JW b
tlf900 tOWfO mo EG libel 1 tti tUt19sin youngt respondentG 19
mi((UfII-gIH t~iQr 9croo1 gredudtas were just eligrtly more LblSral t n
tc younger ligl school QridIJt~S The corrsltion btlDaan 8core8 on
tilm dtitude 8cle finc -g9 was 51 Ulhich is atntist~cll) signifLclnt
t ttlpound bull 11 lsvsl TrG corrailttion between accres on tre attitud~3 scel~
1)nd age wlth educaration prtialled aut was 36 TNa younglill pelOjlla sro
SEHn to bs signlficanU) more accepting 01 change ttln older people
In fig 1 tt-a tH8n COrliS or each gloup ale plott td Il9Ilnet
th~ four Qduc~1tionEll 18113 Thli trend toward l1Il rEt liberal attitiJdo6
wi t ncroiJsnr F1iJCation is slimn in thfll graph Tta eorriltloUon butween
scar on tI~ GCelA ana echoicbull tion 118$ bull ti wlch is 8ignifiCtlnt (tt the
Jl lEtllel n~ corrsl~t1on betwgon scor on ttt~ IICel ~nd f4duQtton
lIIitt ugo pltrtiall~d out lIIes 3amp Thue edUcation is e~n to bil
signifiesntly relatQd to aecfgtptftMC8 at cr~ngo more aduc tad rlJsjJondpnts
tanding to ecclpt ctangua molS r9i11dil) th~in lee oducated 0098
Ttfl date Indice ted t~ilt tlere was no CIOfInlEltion bt~ttl1m1n )gc QItd
sducation (I -db) t Impling no overlap 1n the variance aoountilc for
by the two voriablas 80 a multiple R was computed The ~ultiple R
between 8cores on the acale and E)ge and education was bullbulla About 16
of the variance on ttese 8cores is trus predictablo from age and
education
A 1 test using the formula for carrelatad observations I UlliS done
on t9 deta from the future nd present t1Bllles of tg sc-ale T-e
bullbull
29
-~---------=l GJ8d Schaal bull 6 High School 0- __0
S COlla amiddotmiddotmiddota i
4 yra Collage bull ibull
G_ Amiddot 7- 0
bull bull - - 0 JI bullbull bull N
a
laquo
Old 1l1ddla
AGE
riquE 1 Ian acorbullbull on the attitude Bcele or the foul lIducaUone1 lavl plotted againet eg The highsr ths cors on the aeale the are liberal 01 accepting or change are the reapondenta
lJ
Did Jj a dIIle 0 0 Yatal Il- --D
11
bull
1 2 3
poundDUCATIObullbullL~V[LS
1M a bull _ne the ttltwde elbullbullr th thne poupe plt1M11 lwl The hlp Uw _ on the ele the _n 111 01 --URe or h nepond_e
31
1 - oMbullbullbull 36~)l (p lt 111) 1ndl0U auort tor th hypol
that Cthollcbullbullre _rbullbullcoepting or chabullbull alrdy lMt1 tutad than
they 1 of future hypothlzd chang
U lOR IlOllDUAL nos
S ot the 1t_ in the ttltudbullbullcalbullbullr8 ot bullbulldl Intt
btlcauae thf rtl~ot tUtudU r bull IMt iltpartnett in th
Cetllo110 Churgt todey Itbullbull 6 11 13 end 16 hev be n anAlyzlld
IIDrtl ull y than thtt othr And 1 preted 1n th U1 our
fgur to how th ulte In tr d taU ttaaa 6 11 and 13
wre ~ the uture pert 0 the 8cal and it 16 1 the prt
pert 0 th ace1
lba t
f lIUr8 3 the pnta or Meh I Ihel 111 th 1t_
bull (Dlvo-rrr1d Ctho1icbullbullhou1d b p~tted to raciv the
bullbullonu illy C-uon van though thlr bullbullaond urlbullbullbull
1 inval1d according to na~al tndard) Ovral 61 ot the
r bullbullpond t bullbullbullreed that 01 involved ln invalld 111hould
bbullbull11_0 to rbullbulliv the aat rlgur 3 that ln ach
group at l t ~a~ ot the repond ahaI thl preibullbulliv attltudbullbull
In the youngr ana _1 educatd lrouP _lIIOt 7b~ or ttl raepondant bull
bull xpl dlt with pnnt polley Svnty-toUl IGent or th
rnat wlth a 0011 eduoat1an agreed to bull changbullbullbull d1d 68)11 0 th r8apondant undr thirty y or bullbullbullbull
32
Old Yaung
I~-- -gt- bullbullbull
56~ 5~
- 1
7t~ ~ ~
f
_IDIUJ fiayenr 3 Thl pen_tag 1n ROh II 1-inI _th It 6 J_ 6 Dlvolc- llbd Catha110bull bull haul It t Icl n aact ( otal1r -Uftlon) bull theulh nll bullbull cencI_1 1 bull lavU aoollldl to --
Gbullbull SohaDl
Call
33
DIIl1 rl 4 vee theu1t 0 the VllY itbull U (PII
ehould _t U ta _fty) OvU 57j or the ehUloh
Cthollbullbull 1ft 1 bullbulltud) Ind1oat that th dl with the Cethol1
ChulGhf poUe) 0 bullbull1J_ 0 h al St __ 0 th IIhUlGh _th bull 1tecI DOn aU_ 111 w1~
t pall SJn 1M 0 h young - dl
with t polla) ~ the yaur Cathctll0 wih bull DOll
eduoatlon ~ dlred wlh th 01011 polle
Hau (leuI 5 tivu Ue peentege 1ft -h tIlI wUh
It_ 13 (__ t VI all__ 0 I bullbullU) A t
mt dl wlth hi U 1 eu t be yl that h would
1n evo 0 heving _1 aly Jn the Cthta1la Chunn uno to 81_
wlth th Ita bullbull p 1 to vo the prt peltAl i al
th data thet the bullbullt _Jult 0 to accept prlbullbull at hI U OwaU 16 C d with the
lOhl~ltlon 0 1 al) Thl t-wo proan or hdeft with a eoU eductaU 1I1d with he plOhUalUan 0 _11ft pl bullbull
EducaUan bull- to IIbullbull Ill to In eooep 0 __ pllbullbull
heft
ll a (1 6 V hlta D th MI_ on 1- 11 (To a
catholl0 It 1 ft to ta1n an ye 0 U elel nh
cantHI dvlo end the W th aontnl pill) Th data h at
34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
- Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and practices correlated with age and education
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11
that lie u 11middot lIIIIk 1M
th4I It _ 1t1a M
IIau _11 VII1yent11 al n
__ UM fill bullbullbullbullbull
the of bullbullbull __ a_ _ _VtI u 1a _ _
_ catMUe JU1l1 till _ t_
aW
I MLlIICf
uu ta tuIIy abe r_ fit
at _II bull lell Ill It e
_u leila (1_)bull
bull Ii bullbullbullbull -- e __ IIUl 1bullbulltI iAtt bullbullbull __ (II Ia) ruu I Ill bullbullbull JMiwitlual _1 IdbullbullIt _ (p_
bull tud1 ell _ fill
1 bullbull11 _ IIIIB leU (I)
bull tuIIy 1 thU Cdtu_
thtIl ~ 1UaUea _ 1 __ de u_ bull cw (1 lis n_tat_ bull _ ~I
11 bullbull_tIbull N lieU __ t ad_ ia
U _ of the - cathu 1
-al t -u vI -1c1aI
t I bullbull 111 Itt cau poundMacIft lleDt tItle
~ d t h1e a1_
16
-- 1 __ lIeUa tha bullbullbullbullbull will lie
ale __ _ ____
Iel and 1~eto (1965) elM PDIt that Ute gnup lp
or the ilMnt Mould be ken lA_ 1ft _~tude ah
They ehawed tha JMta ~ to lawft ~ bullbullPI bull
(bullbulltal deairab111ty) and L (Ua) _1_ heR ttlbullbullI1-nt_ a
cauouc 1t traquo MAtIld ~lt bullbull IMotOh then he
la Accen1ng It thia tudy - adaln1aU 0 h tna~t
by a 11_t -ould both helIt iM thbullbullaUaldl1ty h
8IIIt CllDUiINt______in U u_ IIh1I1
CMAmlll
I Il1MODI - HIT 1
ml f It shyThe ~ 11 aU lie ounlRM 1
~ bullbull ___ ~ 1 -la 1ft the pu 111 nMlv _ Me
tutu bullu _ an1 will he
at h _ Al1_ Ml (1161) __ tn
u lilt nUU __ 1_ bull
a1 _ uu u - _v - - The pUM n bullbullbull _ PllMI11
s- 1 __ 1eWM _we ca
wI Uu_ _
at bullbullbullbullbullbull
lle bullbullbullntt bullbull W leW bull _ _ _
1___Uwa1 bullbullbullbullbullbull 1 he 1eahtaJ Uta __~
-Uuel bullbull_1 1 All 1 bull
111bullbull1 an MIa In ie
- Catlu cane 1ft U
1ft to W
_ t at u_ _ at u
11
mal tN _a AU tile
1 1ft thla e bull u bullt - tba or the
u __ fit 1Mt At Ut U the lUI t JuI n - hit dl__ ( lN1) 1111_
tnIlllllllJe _ alAe _tIl tWI 1ft dIdIIt
Ill 1 hi
W m they fit _t ~
u-au_ TN_ _ 101
I 1INUMd ampb _Ill II pel _U
_111 ~_ -1 _ In
he u- __ 1 ampII
- A 11_ the - _ 1 11 III _ h
- aa he
1 bPl _ u
lftIIIII fA ple
V cal __ - tutu 01
1IIdamp rtan tie bullbull or CltNl_ 1ft
bullbullbullbullM MUM --_
It _ bullbullbullbullbull ta _ 1Ile ull 1111
_til the 1 11 1ft eteh
U tMIlftIII Illcuit 81th
IIltly U lhatl bull ___ IIJ he r
I bull
a hen tid u tNnr
1- - dun __ _
-
Cathllll or al 1tIheIt 11 II -r shy_111M lap _ne
Oft hi 1 _1M _
1M 18 - _t __ lI1ruu
IIlll-Mlr nNaU h Md _ bullbullbull round to be _
(eo ~ ta _ NUl) eh
bull -Ill - - - r --t thin 1- 1111 rtl1 r he _
to 0 wil Nt U uat11
_ Ie ~ th_ hln _ _ u-I tdth bull WhIt to ttl l _ iii
1Ml 1 Chunh 18tV111 hbullbullbull_ All he 1_ eleaed -s Iftla In V h cU eW
Oft bull - II1Iu1al r
bullUIIy or -- 1_ (1 3 I _ 20T I lI 1bullbull 16 17 II
I nrua) ntUhIIII u bIlinl ~ - CUMll
Chunh The IIhu (It 1 It 6bullbullt 10 U U II I)
to ttl I bullbull tal cell
Chi_ hi 1-middot plaeed -l8JIea w tbu
10
_ - tiN
11bullbull1 a _ _ _- n () -1 tie _ bull 11
______hi bullbullbullbullbull _hi all__ JaI bull
_ nt (au tNII C
__ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullat _ taIIlil
I eu nbullbull Ml ___
a - Ilut - _ tMN JM1 _ and
-1 til ~ - bull I shy
abullbull IIM UIIt til h
rbullbull bullbull IIbullbull
I ___ 1II1et WIIl _ it_ -l nI
IIu 11 III - tN 11
_ al W I ilia Nt SIal M
ltI -d 1D Ud at au _
-111 s UIuIl _ lie autleWl 1M MUM
bull bullbullbull 1_ - _
_ at AU 1ft 1 of -
U _ ~ _tal petntSamp1 _
_ W ~bullbulld plPi_ in
tN Nel fit ~ he caubullbull n bullbullbull11 the 1M th _
t21 L ~ fMM - w_ fit (1) bullbullau _
21
itbout chng to p~t good dicrilnatlon alone the liberalshy
conervativ continuua ror pl In the rea or clrical dieiplinbull
ny Catholic ar eoncrnd with the prbullbullbullnt harta9 or clr9Y In
Catholic prih Thi uaually ratbullbullbull the quatian at clarical
clibcy Three it (2 11 and 15) perltt the rbullbullpondant to
diacrilnate bull 11ttle In 111 attitude toward hi tutUI ching Ite
11 bullbullrly ak it the chang to rrid clrlY 1bullbullIreable to the
rbullbullpendant It 2 bullbullk ir bull r bullbullpondnt thinka thi chang would rbullbullu1t
in lood bullbullrvic to peepl It 15 ineerpotbullbull the bullbullt rrquant
oent in the rirt two pilot tudibullbull whioh iapUbullbull tht thi chang
to nld clrgy llight raul t in battr bullbullrvic baerried
clrgy would hv bttr inaight into rly lir It i rbl to
ua tht bull preon ight ccapt bull chang to bull nid olrlY van
though bdobullbull not rbullbullbullbullbull it bullbull rbullbullu1ting in _d or bttr bullbullrvic but
bullbullrly beubullbull h d It noy to the bullbullitanc or the Churoh bullbull
h k it Hbullbullilht 10 think _nid clrgy auld 11v bttbullbull
bullbullbullvic or llight nat H could 10 think bullbullrried clrgy would liv
ltettr bullbullrvio but prrr the clibat olrlY h hebull awn cautDaad to
Thue 11 thr it hlp dicrillit bullbull r~ntmiddotbullbullttitud taad
thi chantbullbull
Th caaaant or dir r antbullbull180 indicted _ canebullbulln
over the poalUon cr woan in the Chuch T_ itbullbull tap thibullbull1bullbull cr
change It 1 chck the pandentmiddot tUtude to_rd bull intbullbulll
paUcipaUon by _en in worhlp nd it 15 chck hibullbulltUtUde toward
bull rl clrgy
It 16 and 18 both chok the bullbullbullpendant attitude t 1d the
ua_ of uthorlty in the Churoh Itaa 9 10 and 12 are all concrned
22
wi In hip U_ in he ChINh 1- 4 If 14
en bull __ _th he 1IffId1dU_ r the _ 111
Ute w ubullbullr u Ctweh all ani u hM
_ tile da 11bull CetMllM
th- tit~ _tdtIen W bull -Ia _
_ 1ft CNIlJ Ua ha en a _ I he
CltNIUL
f1M1 n lfI 1M Thl lnal _all _ leld Me lay -1At 11_ to 6U Calhal1M
~ vial 1A _1 parllh in I -n aagon au
DOIIPlated U 111 the allot tJu __1tIg tohl
II1ddla or tttl 111bullbull and _ __ -kad for a
~rr or tl rtlilU1ta
A epllt-halr nllelAlUbullbullaJG1ant Gtd tor the de
obtaineG nil heM tiO ta and _ tllUftd to be A co~relaU_
an thl uwn and t hal the 1Dampl __MIt
_ampI ou_ t bl ill
II IETMIDI NIT 11
Th Catall adahop ~I 1 tact
_1_ ta thl ftMa to any ar $tsa palJt 0 hI ____
the Itudy The filioo_ t lMIIJcI _ 0 catam 0
-J bull t 32 auINRlta _ parun ar he pa-__ Ira _U
1- than 20 tU ut ttbullbull fa bull la1 peJah_ and the
lan1 deAlcted that bull tnUfia_Una lan would orbullbull
23
bettr bull 1 or the population Th parihs wer dlvided into thr
group (1 - 200 rtltbullbull 201 - 00 r-111bullbull and 401 - 600 raillbullbull )
Dna parih each rroa the two larger group and our aall pariaha wr
randoaly bullbulllactad a the pl or par1h to bbullbullurv~ad Thue tha
ubJect contitut a randaa stretirid ple or the church-going
population or the R Catholic D10c of BIIcr Sinc thre 1 only
one Catholic paih in the bullbull1 town and ciUbullbull or E_tern OnIOn all
church10ing Catholic or th1 ara ar OlOad to worhip together thus
abullbulluring the bullbuller1llntr t t the vadablbullbull or 1Ig and ducation will
b rairly rprntativ or the entir Catholic population or the ar
The experientr a Cathol1c pribullbullt orrioiated at the regular
Sunday erv1cbullbull or the padshbullbull included in the ple During the tibullbull
in tha service regularly devoted to a eran he aked the u~r to pa
out copis or the attitude acale and pencil to bar or the
congregation Arter thbullbullbull -d been distributed the Eucpedantar read
the introductory paragraph or the quUonnair to the congregation H
requeted thelr cooplation in coapltiO the it and orr8led to
anwer any quetion when the elvice over Tanty ainut war
allotad to the subject ror coaplation of ttle attitude cal The
bullbullrvice _ concluded in the usual annel and the ePerinter anred
any quetion that c up
A and EdypaUal Lbullbulll bull
for the purpo anal ying the data or the tudy the ubJectbull
bullbullre dividd into thrbullbull aoe IIOUP and rour ducation 11OUP thus
living a _trix 0 t_lv call The age IIOUPbullbullbullr (1) Jct
24
btn IS-30 yar 0 ao (2) eubJaot btn 31-50 yar (3)
ubJct 51 yn 0 or oldr Thi dlvllon baed uan bullbullvnI
conidration ThbullbullubJeot in the irt ege group have lived aot or
thair livbullbull in a changing Catholic Church It i bullbull~acted that they
will be Muoh more accpting 0 change then the other groupbullbullince changa
1 1bullbullbull unuual to th Tha ubJact In the bullbullcand group havs pant
01 or their live in bull Church that did little changing end hence are
expected to b 1bullbullbull accepting Dr chang The third group Ul hava
pnt Much ora t1bullbull than ither 0 tha other group in an unchanging
rligiou atbullbullpher It i bullbull~ected that thy wiU b the t
conervativ group
The division 0 ducation into our lvelbullbullbullbullbullbulld the 8Ot
p~tical ro tha tandpoint at the gneral population to bbullbullurvayd
Gradbullbullchool high chaol __ ooUaobullbull Md a caplatad tour yaar
oollg education bullbullra oanaidred tha aibullbullt diviion to k in our
population aina they ak undratandable diviiona 01 the rapandania
lind each lavl oanUtutbullbull an appreciabl aducational dierenca Ya
at chool caplstad thue conatitutesour oparational dtinitian or
education
III PREOICTIONS
In the lioht 0 tha previous diacu ion and tha r bullbullult at tha
pilot tucUbullbull the allowing pred1ctiona bullbullre _dbullbull
1 Scarbullbull an the prbullbullant hal a the acale will b highr than
acorbullbull on the utuw halt Thi prdiction t bullbullted ith a tet
ror correlated data
2 Younger Catholic bullbullUl tend to be 01 liberal or accepting
25
tit _ A rtAun MIl ttl caul
latlaa _ ~ toe teet 1 ypo
J eav11bullbullbull111 Ie -_ r _
to u will with 1_ renal A _rn1eUon _
t w hy~bullbull
DtAPTII 111
TIIIIIle 1 vee the __ bull bullhe tUIIa Mample
bull bullbull1 lPtti A tnIl
lQM hi aW- II lO1S
_ ubullbullIe n leta _ bull
TM _ _ the -1 21
to iIIplrl _ the ~ _ bullbull _- p1Me
NI ten h
TIIIJ1e 1 v t 14 iD tile bull AVi tnI UlnaIbullbulldbullbull
aIl TNwe a I
hiIhl ~ tie Thi moa - cauu u ~
__u VIan U Ie The
bull _ MI a lea _
u- tee __ tqb
TM _ 1A TIIIIla 1 II at t _ u Uta _ 1M U ten_
- -
27
TAamppound J
bullbullEI or II POt DUCATl IIOUP
IIAI bull ntl anl1l8r 8CampI
Old ~ (a bull raquoa)(ft bull 113) (bullbull m)
middot ~~--~~~ - r---~~~ 2-l i I
~ i ~ ~ I )~--middot~---iimiddotmiddot---~~~middot~_~_~middotn i
I j II UI I bull III I n 11- i bull 124 I bull 111bull bull 84 I
~ 1
_-------middot4---middotmiddotmiddot_middot+------1
~ bull-1 n
bull bull 111 bull bull 116bull 10
-bull bull 121
1
(n bull UI)
shy
1
(a bull 3-)
cu (bullbull 2U)
bull mmiddot CoU
(a bull 17)
In fig 1 the mean IIOOfeamp or eech educUonal grC1lp 18 plotld
c)gd not dye Lowr scures middotIe indio gtl1vn of conE1rvatislII 8nll h bull gher
soor~s of 11b8ld eta Of groilolr cceptfnc1 of ot) nge Hmiddot~ d t et(JW b
tlf900 tOWfO mo EG libel 1 tti tUt19sin youngt respondentG 19
mi((UfII-gIH t~iQr 9croo1 gredudtas were just eligrtly more LblSral t n
tc younger ligl school QridIJt~S The corrsltion btlDaan 8core8 on
tilm dtitude 8cle finc -g9 was 51 Ulhich is atntist~cll) signifLclnt
t ttlpound bull 11 lsvsl TrG corrailttion between accres on tre attitud~3 scel~
1)nd age wlth educaration prtialled aut was 36 TNa younglill pelOjlla sro
SEHn to bs signlficanU) more accepting 01 change ttln older people
In fig 1 tt-a tH8n COrliS or each gloup ale plott td Il9Ilnet
th~ four Qduc~1tionEll 18113 Thli trend toward l1Il rEt liberal attitiJdo6
wi t ncroiJsnr F1iJCation is slimn in thfll graph Tta eorriltloUon butween
scar on tI~ GCelA ana echoicbull tion 118$ bull ti wlch is 8ignifiCtlnt (tt the
Jl lEtllel n~ corrsl~t1on betwgon scor on ttt~ IICel ~nd f4duQtton
lIIitt ugo pltrtiall~d out lIIes 3amp Thue edUcation is e~n to bil
signifiesntly relatQd to aecfgtptftMC8 at cr~ngo more aduc tad rlJsjJondpnts
tanding to ecclpt ctangua molS r9i11dil) th~in lee oducated 0098
Ttfl date Indice ted t~ilt tlere was no CIOfInlEltion bt~ttl1m1n )gc QItd
sducation (I -db) t Impling no overlap 1n the variance aoountilc for
by the two voriablas 80 a multiple R was computed The ~ultiple R
between 8cores on the acale and E)ge and education was bullbulla About 16
of the variance on ttese 8cores is trus predictablo from age and
education
A 1 test using the formula for carrelatad observations I UlliS done
on t9 deta from the future nd present t1Bllles of tg sc-ale T-e
bullbull
29
-~---------=l GJ8d Schaal bull 6 High School 0- __0
S COlla amiddotmiddotmiddota i
4 yra Collage bull ibull
G_ Amiddot 7- 0
bull bull - - 0 JI bullbull bull N
a
laquo
Old 1l1ddla
AGE
riquE 1 Ian acorbullbull on the attitude Bcele or the foul lIducaUone1 lavl plotted againet eg The highsr ths cors on the aeale the are liberal 01 accepting or change are the reapondenta
lJ
Did Jj a dIIle 0 0 Yatal Il- --D
11
bull
1 2 3
poundDUCATIObullbullL~V[LS
1M a bull _ne the ttltwde elbullbullr th thne poupe plt1M11 lwl The hlp Uw _ on the ele the _n 111 01 --URe or h nepond_e
31
1 - oMbullbullbull 36~)l (p lt 111) 1ndl0U auort tor th hypol
that Cthollcbullbullre _rbullbullcoepting or chabullbull alrdy lMt1 tutad than
they 1 of future hypothlzd chang
U lOR IlOllDUAL nos
S ot the 1t_ in the ttltudbullbullcalbullbullr8 ot bullbulldl Intt
btlcauae thf rtl~ot tUtudU r bull IMt iltpartnett in th
Cetllo110 Churgt todey Itbullbull 6 11 13 end 16 hev be n anAlyzlld
IIDrtl ull y than thtt othr And 1 preted 1n th U1 our
fgur to how th ulte In tr d taU ttaaa 6 11 and 13
wre ~ the uture pert 0 the 8cal and it 16 1 the prt
pert 0 th ace1
lba t
f lIUr8 3 the pnta or Meh I Ihel 111 th 1t_
bull (Dlvo-rrr1d Ctho1icbullbullhou1d b p~tted to raciv the
bullbullonu illy C-uon van though thlr bullbullaond urlbullbullbull
1 inval1d according to na~al tndard) Ovral 61 ot the
r bullbullpond t bullbullbullreed that 01 involved ln invalld 111hould
bbullbull11_0 to rbullbulliv the aat rlgur 3 that ln ach
group at l t ~a~ ot the repond ahaI thl preibullbulliv attltudbullbull
In the youngr ana _1 educatd lrouP _lIIOt 7b~ or ttl raepondant bull
bull xpl dlt with pnnt polley Svnty-toUl IGent or th
rnat wlth a 0011 eduoat1an agreed to bull changbullbullbull d1d 68)11 0 th r8apondant undr thirty y or bullbullbullbull
32
Old Yaung
I~-- -gt- bullbullbull
56~ 5~
- 1
7t~ ~ ~
f
_IDIUJ fiayenr 3 Thl pen_tag 1n ROh II 1-inI _th It 6 J_ 6 Dlvolc- llbd Catha110bull bull haul It t Icl n aact ( otal1r -Uftlon) bull theulh nll bullbull cencI_1 1 bull lavU aoollldl to --
Gbullbull SohaDl
Call
33
DIIl1 rl 4 vee theu1t 0 the VllY itbull U (PII
ehould _t U ta _fty) OvU 57j or the ehUloh
Cthollbullbull 1ft 1 bullbulltud) Ind1oat that th dl with the Cethol1
ChulGhf poUe) 0 bullbull1J_ 0 h al St __ 0 th IIhUlGh _th bull 1tecI DOn aU_ 111 w1~
t pall SJn 1M 0 h young - dl
with t polla) ~ the yaur Cathctll0 wih bull DOll
eduoatlon ~ dlred wlh th 01011 polle
Hau (leuI 5 tivu Ue peentege 1ft -h tIlI wUh
It_ 13 (__ t VI all__ 0 I bullbullU) A t
mt dl wlth hi U 1 eu t be yl that h would
1n evo 0 heving _1 aly Jn the Cthta1la Chunn uno to 81_
wlth th Ita bullbull p 1 to vo the prt peltAl i al
th data thet the bullbullt _Jult 0 to accept prlbullbull at hI U OwaU 16 C d with the
lOhl~ltlon 0 1 al) Thl t-wo proan or hdeft with a eoU eductaU 1I1d with he plOhUalUan 0 _11ft pl bullbull
EducaUan bull- to IIbullbull Ill to In eooep 0 __ pllbullbull
heft
ll a (1 6 V hlta D th MI_ on 1- 11 (To a
catholl0 It 1 ft to ta1n an ye 0 U elel nh
cantHI dvlo end the W th aontnl pill) Th data h at
34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
- Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and practices correlated with age and education
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16
-- 1 __ lIeUa tha bullbullbullbullbull will lie
ale __ _ ____
Iel and 1~eto (1965) elM PDIt that Ute gnup lp
or the ilMnt Mould be ken lA_ 1ft _~tude ah
They ehawed tha JMta ~ to lawft ~ bullbullPI bull
(bullbulltal deairab111ty) and L (Ua) _1_ heR ttlbullbullI1-nt_ a
cauouc 1t traquo MAtIld ~lt bullbull IMotOh then he
la Accen1ng It thia tudy - adaln1aU 0 h tna~t
by a 11_t -ould both helIt iM thbullbullaUaldl1ty h
8IIIt CllDUiINt______in U u_ IIh1I1
CMAmlll
I Il1MODI - HIT 1
ml f It shyThe ~ 11 aU lie ounlRM 1
~ bullbull ___ ~ 1 -la 1ft the pu 111 nMlv _ Me
tutu bullu _ an1 will he
at h _ Al1_ Ml (1161) __ tn
u lilt nUU __ 1_ bull
a1 _ uu u - _v - - The pUM n bullbullbull _ PllMI11
s- 1 __ 1eWM _we ca
wI Uu_ _
at bullbullbullbullbullbull
lle bullbullbullntt bullbull W leW bull _ _ _
1___Uwa1 bullbullbullbullbullbull 1 he 1eahtaJ Uta __~
-Uuel bullbull_1 1 All 1 bull
111bullbull1 an MIa In ie
- Catlu cane 1ft U
1ft to W
_ t at u_ _ at u
11
mal tN _a AU tile
1 1ft thla e bull u bullt - tba or the
u __ fit 1Mt At Ut U the lUI t JuI n - hit dl__ ( lN1) 1111_
tnIlllllllJe _ alAe _tIl tWI 1ft dIdIIt
Ill 1 hi
W m they fit _t ~
u-au_ TN_ _ 101
I 1INUMd ampb _Ill II pel _U
_111 ~_ -1 _ In
he u- __ 1 ampII
- A 11_ the - _ 1 11 III _ h
- aa he
1 bPl _ u
lftIIIII fA ple
V cal __ - tutu 01
1IIdamp rtan tie bullbull or CltNl_ 1ft
bullbullbullbullM MUM --_
It _ bullbullbullbullbull ta _ 1Ile ull 1111
_til the 1 11 1ft eteh
U tMIlftIII Illcuit 81th
IIltly U lhatl bull ___ IIJ he r
I bull
a hen tid u tNnr
1- - dun __ _
-
Cathllll or al 1tIheIt 11 II -r shy_111M lap _ne
Oft hi 1 _1M _
1M 18 - _t __ lI1ruu
IIlll-Mlr nNaU h Md _ bullbullbull round to be _
(eo ~ ta _ NUl) eh
bull -Ill - - - r --t thin 1- 1111 rtl1 r he _
to 0 wil Nt U uat11
_ Ie ~ th_ hln _ _ u-I tdth bull WhIt to ttl l _ iii
1Ml 1 Chunh 18tV111 hbullbullbull_ All he 1_ eleaed -s Iftla In V h cU eW
Oft bull - II1Iu1al r
bullUIIy or -- 1_ (1 3 I _ 20T I lI 1bullbull 16 17 II
I nrua) ntUhIIII u bIlinl ~ - CUMll
Chunh The IIhu (It 1 It 6bullbullt 10 U U II I)
to ttl I bullbull tal cell
Chi_ hi 1-middot plaeed -l8JIea w tbu
10
_ - tiN
11bullbull1 a _ _ _- n () -1 tie _ bull 11
______hi bullbullbullbullbull _hi all__ JaI bull
_ nt (au tNII C
__ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullat _ taIIlil
I eu nbullbull Ml ___
a - Ilut - _ tMN JM1 _ and
-1 til ~ - bull I shy
abullbull IIM UIIt til h
rbullbull bullbull IIbullbull
I ___ 1II1et WIIl _ it_ -l nI
IIu 11 III - tN 11
_ al W I ilia Nt SIal M
ltI -d 1D Ud at au _
-111 s UIuIl _ lie autleWl 1M MUM
bull bullbullbull 1_ - _
_ at AU 1ft 1 of -
U _ ~ _tal petntSamp1 _
_ W ~bullbulld plPi_ in
tN Nel fit ~ he caubullbull n bullbullbull11 the 1M th _
t21 L ~ fMM - w_ fit (1) bullbullau _
21
itbout chng to p~t good dicrilnatlon alone the liberalshy
conervativ continuua ror pl In the rea or clrical dieiplinbull
ny Catholic ar eoncrnd with the prbullbullbullnt harta9 or clr9Y In
Catholic prih Thi uaually ratbullbullbull the quatian at clarical
clibcy Three it (2 11 and 15) perltt the rbullbullpondant to
diacrilnate bull 11ttle In 111 attitude toward hi tutUI ching Ite
11 bullbullrly ak it the chang to rrid clrlY 1bullbullIreable to the
rbullbullpendant It 2 bullbullk ir bull r bullbullpondnt thinka thi chang would rbullbullu1t
in lood bullbullrvic to peepl It 15 ineerpotbullbull the bullbullt rrquant
oent in the rirt two pilot tudibullbull whioh iapUbullbull tht thi chang
to nld clrgy llight raul t in battr bullbullrvic baerried
clrgy would hv bttr inaight into rly lir It i rbl to
ua tht bull preon ight ccapt bull chang to bull nid olrlY van
though bdobullbull not rbullbullbullbullbull it bullbull rbullbullu1ting in _d or bttr bullbullrvic but
bullbullrly beubullbull h d It noy to the bullbullitanc or the Churoh bullbull
h k it Hbullbullilht 10 think _nid clrgy auld 11v bttbullbull
bullbullbullvic or llight nat H could 10 think bullbullrried clrgy would liv
ltettr bullbullrvio but prrr the clibat olrlY h hebull awn cautDaad to
Thue 11 thr it hlp dicrillit bullbull r~ntmiddotbullbullttitud taad
thi chantbullbull
Th caaaant or dir r antbullbull180 indicted _ canebullbulln
over the poalUon cr woan in the Chuch T_ itbullbull tap thibullbull1bullbull cr
change It 1 chck the pandentmiddot tUtude to_rd bull intbullbulll
paUcipaUon by _en in worhlp nd it 15 chck hibullbulltUtUde toward
bull rl clrgy
It 16 and 18 both chok the bullbullbullpendant attitude t 1d the
ua_ of uthorlty in the Churoh Itaa 9 10 and 12 are all concrned
22
wi In hip U_ in he ChINh 1- 4 If 14
en bull __ _th he 1IffId1dU_ r the _ 111
Ute w ubullbullr u Ctweh all ani u hM
_ tile da 11bull CetMllM
th- tit~ _tdtIen W bull -Ia _
_ 1ft CNIlJ Ua ha en a _ I he
CltNIUL
f1M1 n lfI 1M Thl lnal _all _ leld Me lay -1At 11_ to 6U Calhal1M
~ vial 1A _1 parllh in I -n aagon au
DOIIPlated U 111 the allot tJu __1tIg tohl
II1ddla or tttl 111bullbull and _ __ -kad for a
~rr or tl rtlilU1ta
A epllt-halr nllelAlUbullbullaJG1ant Gtd tor the de
obtaineG nil heM tiO ta and _ tllUftd to be A co~relaU_
an thl uwn and t hal the 1Dampl __MIt
_ampI ou_ t bl ill
II IETMIDI NIT 11
Th Catall adahop ~I 1 tact
_1_ ta thl ftMa to any ar $tsa palJt 0 hI ____
the Itudy The filioo_ t lMIIJcI _ 0 catam 0
-J bull t 32 auINRlta _ parun ar he pa-__ Ira _U
1- than 20 tU ut ttbullbull fa bull la1 peJah_ and the
lan1 deAlcted that bull tnUfia_Una lan would orbullbull
23
bettr bull 1 or the population Th parihs wer dlvided into thr
group (1 - 200 rtltbullbull 201 - 00 r-111bullbull and 401 - 600 raillbullbull )
Dna parih each rroa the two larger group and our aall pariaha wr
randoaly bullbulllactad a the pl or par1h to bbullbullurv~ad Thue tha
ubJect contitut a randaa stretirid ple or the church-going
population or the R Catholic D10c of BIIcr Sinc thre 1 only
one Catholic paih in the bullbull1 town and ciUbullbull or E_tern OnIOn all
church10ing Catholic or th1 ara ar OlOad to worhip together thus
abullbulluring the bullbuller1llntr t t the vadablbullbull or 1Ig and ducation will
b rairly rprntativ or the entir Catholic population or the ar
The experientr a Cathol1c pribullbullt orrioiated at the regular
Sunday erv1cbullbull or the padshbullbull included in the ple During the tibullbull
in tha service regularly devoted to a eran he aked the u~r to pa
out copis or the attitude acale and pencil to bar or the
congregation Arter thbullbullbull -d been distributed the Eucpedantar read
the introductory paragraph or the quUonnair to the congregation H
requeted thelr cooplation in coapltiO the it and orr8led to
anwer any quetion when the elvice over Tanty ainut war
allotad to the subject ror coaplation of ttle attitude cal The
bullbullrvice _ concluded in the usual annel and the ePerinter anred
any quetion that c up
A and EdypaUal Lbullbulll bull
for the purpo anal ying the data or the tudy the ubJectbull
bullbullre dividd into thrbullbull aoe IIOUP and rour ducation 11OUP thus
living a _trix 0 t_lv call The age IIOUPbullbullbullr (1) Jct
24
btn IS-30 yar 0 ao (2) eubJaot btn 31-50 yar (3)
ubJct 51 yn 0 or oldr Thi dlvllon baed uan bullbullvnI
conidration ThbullbullubJeot in the irt ege group have lived aot or
thair livbullbull in a changing Catholic Church It i bullbull~acted that they
will be Muoh more accpting 0 change then the other groupbullbullince changa
1 1bullbullbull unuual to th Tha ubJact In the bullbullcand group havs pant
01 or their live in bull Church that did little changing end hence are
expected to b 1bullbullbull accepting Dr chang The third group Ul hava
pnt Much ora t1bullbull than ither 0 tha other group in an unchanging
rligiou atbullbullpher It i bullbull~ected that thy wiU b the t
conervativ group
The division 0 ducation into our lvelbullbullbullbullbullbulld the 8Ot
p~tical ro tha tandpoint at the gneral population to bbullbullurvayd
Gradbullbullchool high chaol __ ooUaobullbull Md a caplatad tour yaar
oollg education bullbullra oanaidred tha aibullbullt diviion to k in our
population aina they ak undratandable diviiona 01 the rapandania
lind each lavl oanUtutbullbull an appreciabl aducational dierenca Ya
at chool caplstad thue conatitutesour oparational dtinitian or
education
III PREOICTIONS
In the lioht 0 tha previous diacu ion and tha r bullbullult at tha
pilot tucUbullbull the allowing pred1ctiona bullbullre _dbullbull
1 Scarbullbull an the prbullbullant hal a the acale will b highr than
acorbullbull on the utuw halt Thi prdiction t bullbullted ith a tet
ror correlated data
2 Younger Catholic bullbullUl tend to be 01 liberal or accepting
25
tit _ A rtAun MIl ttl caul
latlaa _ ~ toe teet 1 ypo
J eav11bullbullbull111 Ie -_ r _
to u will with 1_ renal A _rn1eUon _
t w hy~bullbull
DtAPTII 111
TIIIIIle 1 vee the __ bull bullhe tUIIa Mample
bull bullbull1 lPtti A tnIl
lQM hi aW- II lO1S
_ ubullbullIe n leta _ bull
TM _ _ the -1 21
to iIIplrl _ the ~ _ bullbull _- p1Me
NI ten h
TIIIJ1e 1 v t 14 iD tile bull AVi tnI UlnaIbullbulldbullbull
aIl TNwe a I
hiIhl ~ tie Thi moa - cauu u ~
__u VIan U Ie The
bull _ MI a lea _
u- tee __ tqb
TM _ 1A TIIIIla 1 II at t _ u Uta _ 1M U ten_
- -
27
TAamppound J
bullbullEI or II POt DUCATl IIOUP
IIAI bull ntl anl1l8r 8CampI
Old ~ (a bull raquoa)(ft bull 113) (bullbull m)
middot ~~--~~~ - r---~~~ 2-l i I
~ i ~ ~ I )~--middot~---iimiddotmiddot---~~~middot~_~_~middotn i
I j II UI I bull III I n 11- i bull 124 I bull 111bull bull 84 I
~ 1
_-------middot4---middotmiddotmiddot_middot+------1
~ bull-1 n
bull bull 111 bull bull 116bull 10
-bull bull 121
1
(n bull UI)
shy
1
(a bull 3-)
cu (bullbull 2U)
bull mmiddot CoU
(a bull 17)
In fig 1 the mean IIOOfeamp or eech educUonal grC1lp 18 plotld
c)gd not dye Lowr scures middotIe indio gtl1vn of conE1rvatislII 8nll h bull gher
soor~s of 11b8ld eta Of groilolr cceptfnc1 of ot) nge Hmiddot~ d t et(JW b
tlf900 tOWfO mo EG libel 1 tti tUt19sin youngt respondentG 19
mi((UfII-gIH t~iQr 9croo1 gredudtas were just eligrtly more LblSral t n
tc younger ligl school QridIJt~S The corrsltion btlDaan 8core8 on
tilm dtitude 8cle finc -g9 was 51 Ulhich is atntist~cll) signifLclnt
t ttlpound bull 11 lsvsl TrG corrailttion between accres on tre attitud~3 scel~
1)nd age wlth educaration prtialled aut was 36 TNa younglill pelOjlla sro
SEHn to bs signlficanU) more accepting 01 change ttln older people
In fig 1 tt-a tH8n COrliS or each gloup ale plott td Il9Ilnet
th~ four Qduc~1tionEll 18113 Thli trend toward l1Il rEt liberal attitiJdo6
wi t ncroiJsnr F1iJCation is slimn in thfll graph Tta eorriltloUon butween
scar on tI~ GCelA ana echoicbull tion 118$ bull ti wlch is 8ignifiCtlnt (tt the
Jl lEtllel n~ corrsl~t1on betwgon scor on ttt~ IICel ~nd f4duQtton
lIIitt ugo pltrtiall~d out lIIes 3amp Thue edUcation is e~n to bil
signifiesntly relatQd to aecfgtptftMC8 at cr~ngo more aduc tad rlJsjJondpnts
tanding to ecclpt ctangua molS r9i11dil) th~in lee oducated 0098
Ttfl date Indice ted t~ilt tlere was no CIOfInlEltion bt~ttl1m1n )gc QItd
sducation (I -db) t Impling no overlap 1n the variance aoountilc for
by the two voriablas 80 a multiple R was computed The ~ultiple R
between 8cores on the acale and E)ge and education was bullbulla About 16
of the variance on ttese 8cores is trus predictablo from age and
education
A 1 test using the formula for carrelatad observations I UlliS done
on t9 deta from the future nd present t1Bllles of tg sc-ale T-e
bullbull
29
-~---------=l GJ8d Schaal bull 6 High School 0- __0
S COlla amiddotmiddotmiddota i
4 yra Collage bull ibull
G_ Amiddot 7- 0
bull bull - - 0 JI bullbull bull N
a
laquo
Old 1l1ddla
AGE
riquE 1 Ian acorbullbull on the attitude Bcele or the foul lIducaUone1 lavl plotted againet eg The highsr ths cors on the aeale the are liberal 01 accepting or change are the reapondenta
lJ
Did Jj a dIIle 0 0 Yatal Il- --D
11
bull
1 2 3
poundDUCATIObullbullL~V[LS
1M a bull _ne the ttltwde elbullbullr th thne poupe plt1M11 lwl The hlp Uw _ on the ele the _n 111 01 --URe or h nepond_e
31
1 - oMbullbullbull 36~)l (p lt 111) 1ndl0U auort tor th hypol
that Cthollcbullbullre _rbullbullcoepting or chabullbull alrdy lMt1 tutad than
they 1 of future hypothlzd chang
U lOR IlOllDUAL nos
S ot the 1t_ in the ttltudbullbullcalbullbullr8 ot bullbulldl Intt
btlcauae thf rtl~ot tUtudU r bull IMt iltpartnett in th
Cetllo110 Churgt todey Itbullbull 6 11 13 end 16 hev be n anAlyzlld
IIDrtl ull y than thtt othr And 1 preted 1n th U1 our
fgur to how th ulte In tr d taU ttaaa 6 11 and 13
wre ~ the uture pert 0 the 8cal and it 16 1 the prt
pert 0 th ace1
lba t
f lIUr8 3 the pnta or Meh I Ihel 111 th 1t_
bull (Dlvo-rrr1d Ctho1icbullbullhou1d b p~tted to raciv the
bullbullonu illy C-uon van though thlr bullbullaond urlbullbullbull
1 inval1d according to na~al tndard) Ovral 61 ot the
r bullbullpond t bullbullbullreed that 01 involved ln invalld 111hould
bbullbull11_0 to rbullbulliv the aat rlgur 3 that ln ach
group at l t ~a~ ot the repond ahaI thl preibullbulliv attltudbullbull
In the youngr ana _1 educatd lrouP _lIIOt 7b~ or ttl raepondant bull
bull xpl dlt with pnnt polley Svnty-toUl IGent or th
rnat wlth a 0011 eduoat1an agreed to bull changbullbullbull d1d 68)11 0 th r8apondant undr thirty y or bullbullbullbull
32
Old Yaung
I~-- -gt- bullbullbull
56~ 5~
- 1
7t~ ~ ~
f
_IDIUJ fiayenr 3 Thl pen_tag 1n ROh II 1-inI _th It 6 J_ 6 Dlvolc- llbd Catha110bull bull haul It t Icl n aact ( otal1r -Uftlon) bull theulh nll bullbull cencI_1 1 bull lavU aoollldl to --
Gbullbull SohaDl
Call
33
DIIl1 rl 4 vee theu1t 0 the VllY itbull U (PII
ehould _t U ta _fty) OvU 57j or the ehUloh
Cthollbullbull 1ft 1 bullbulltud) Ind1oat that th dl with the Cethol1
ChulGhf poUe) 0 bullbull1J_ 0 h al St __ 0 th IIhUlGh _th bull 1tecI DOn aU_ 111 w1~
t pall SJn 1M 0 h young - dl
with t polla) ~ the yaur Cathctll0 wih bull DOll
eduoatlon ~ dlred wlh th 01011 polle
Hau (leuI 5 tivu Ue peentege 1ft -h tIlI wUh
It_ 13 (__ t VI all__ 0 I bullbullU) A t
mt dl wlth hi U 1 eu t be yl that h would
1n evo 0 heving _1 aly Jn the Cthta1la Chunn uno to 81_
wlth th Ita bullbull p 1 to vo the prt peltAl i al
th data thet the bullbullt _Jult 0 to accept prlbullbull at hI U OwaU 16 C d with the
lOhl~ltlon 0 1 al) Thl t-wo proan or hdeft with a eoU eductaU 1I1d with he plOhUalUan 0 _11ft pl bullbull
EducaUan bull- to IIbullbull Ill to In eooep 0 __ pllbullbull
heft
ll a (1 6 V hlta D th MI_ on 1- 11 (To a
catholl0 It 1 ft to ta1n an ye 0 U elel nh
cantHI dvlo end the W th aontnl pill) Th data h at
34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
- Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and practices correlated with age and education
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CMAmlll
I Il1MODI - HIT 1
ml f It shyThe ~ 11 aU lie ounlRM 1
~ bullbull ___ ~ 1 -la 1ft the pu 111 nMlv _ Me
tutu bullu _ an1 will he
at h _ Al1_ Ml (1161) __ tn
u lilt nUU __ 1_ bull
a1 _ uu u - _v - - The pUM n bullbullbull _ PllMI11
s- 1 __ 1eWM _we ca
wI Uu_ _
at bullbullbullbullbullbull
lle bullbullbullntt bullbull W leW bull _ _ _
1___Uwa1 bullbullbullbullbullbull 1 he 1eahtaJ Uta __~
-Uuel bullbull_1 1 All 1 bull
111bullbull1 an MIa In ie
- Catlu cane 1ft U
1ft to W
_ t at u_ _ at u
11
mal tN _a AU tile
1 1ft thla e bull u bullt - tba or the
u __ fit 1Mt At Ut U the lUI t JuI n - hit dl__ ( lN1) 1111_
tnIlllllllJe _ alAe _tIl tWI 1ft dIdIIt
Ill 1 hi
W m they fit _t ~
u-au_ TN_ _ 101
I 1INUMd ampb _Ill II pel _U
_111 ~_ -1 _ In
he u- __ 1 ampII
- A 11_ the - _ 1 11 III _ h
- aa he
1 bPl _ u
lftIIIII fA ple
V cal __ - tutu 01
1IIdamp rtan tie bullbull or CltNl_ 1ft
bullbullbullbullM MUM --_
It _ bullbullbullbullbull ta _ 1Ile ull 1111
_til the 1 11 1ft eteh
U tMIlftIII Illcuit 81th
IIltly U lhatl bull ___ IIJ he r
I bull
a hen tid u tNnr
1- - dun __ _
-
Cathllll or al 1tIheIt 11 II -r shy_111M lap _ne
Oft hi 1 _1M _
1M 18 - _t __ lI1ruu
IIlll-Mlr nNaU h Md _ bullbullbull round to be _
(eo ~ ta _ NUl) eh
bull -Ill - - - r --t thin 1- 1111 rtl1 r he _
to 0 wil Nt U uat11
_ Ie ~ th_ hln _ _ u-I tdth bull WhIt to ttl l _ iii
1Ml 1 Chunh 18tV111 hbullbullbull_ All he 1_ eleaed -s Iftla In V h cU eW
Oft bull - II1Iu1al r
bullUIIy or -- 1_ (1 3 I _ 20T I lI 1bullbull 16 17 II
I nrua) ntUhIIII u bIlinl ~ - CUMll
Chunh The IIhu (It 1 It 6bullbullt 10 U U II I)
to ttl I bullbull tal cell
Chi_ hi 1-middot plaeed -l8JIea w tbu
10
_ - tiN
11bullbull1 a _ _ _- n () -1 tie _ bull 11
______hi bullbullbullbullbull _hi all__ JaI bull
_ nt (au tNII C
__ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullat _ taIIlil
I eu nbullbull Ml ___
a - Ilut - _ tMN JM1 _ and
-1 til ~ - bull I shy
abullbull IIM UIIt til h
rbullbull bullbull IIbullbull
I ___ 1II1et WIIl _ it_ -l nI
IIu 11 III - tN 11
_ al W I ilia Nt SIal M
ltI -d 1D Ud at au _
-111 s UIuIl _ lie autleWl 1M MUM
bull bullbullbull 1_ - _
_ at AU 1ft 1 of -
U _ ~ _tal petntSamp1 _
_ W ~bullbulld plPi_ in
tN Nel fit ~ he caubullbull n bullbullbull11 the 1M th _
t21 L ~ fMM - w_ fit (1) bullbullau _
21
itbout chng to p~t good dicrilnatlon alone the liberalshy
conervativ continuua ror pl In the rea or clrical dieiplinbull
ny Catholic ar eoncrnd with the prbullbullbullnt harta9 or clr9Y In
Catholic prih Thi uaually ratbullbullbull the quatian at clarical
clibcy Three it (2 11 and 15) perltt the rbullbullpondant to
diacrilnate bull 11ttle In 111 attitude toward hi tutUI ching Ite
11 bullbullrly ak it the chang to rrid clrlY 1bullbullIreable to the
rbullbullpendant It 2 bullbullk ir bull r bullbullpondnt thinka thi chang would rbullbullu1t
in lood bullbullrvic to peepl It 15 ineerpotbullbull the bullbullt rrquant
oent in the rirt two pilot tudibullbull whioh iapUbullbull tht thi chang
to nld clrgy llight raul t in battr bullbullrvic baerried
clrgy would hv bttr inaight into rly lir It i rbl to
ua tht bull preon ight ccapt bull chang to bull nid olrlY van
though bdobullbull not rbullbullbullbullbull it bullbull rbullbullu1ting in _d or bttr bullbullrvic but
bullbullrly beubullbull h d It noy to the bullbullitanc or the Churoh bullbull
h k it Hbullbullilht 10 think _nid clrgy auld 11v bttbullbull
bullbullbullvic or llight nat H could 10 think bullbullrried clrgy would liv
ltettr bullbullrvio but prrr the clibat olrlY h hebull awn cautDaad to
Thue 11 thr it hlp dicrillit bullbull r~ntmiddotbullbullttitud taad
thi chantbullbull
Th caaaant or dir r antbullbull180 indicted _ canebullbulln
over the poalUon cr woan in the Chuch T_ itbullbull tap thibullbull1bullbull cr
change It 1 chck the pandentmiddot tUtude to_rd bull intbullbulll
paUcipaUon by _en in worhlp nd it 15 chck hibullbulltUtUde toward
bull rl clrgy
It 16 and 18 both chok the bullbullbullpendant attitude t 1d the
ua_ of uthorlty in the Churoh Itaa 9 10 and 12 are all concrned
22
wi In hip U_ in he ChINh 1- 4 If 14
en bull __ _th he 1IffId1dU_ r the _ 111
Ute w ubullbullr u Ctweh all ani u hM
_ tile da 11bull CetMllM
th- tit~ _tdtIen W bull -Ia _
_ 1ft CNIlJ Ua ha en a _ I he
CltNIUL
f1M1 n lfI 1M Thl lnal _all _ leld Me lay -1At 11_ to 6U Calhal1M
~ vial 1A _1 parllh in I -n aagon au
DOIIPlated U 111 the allot tJu __1tIg tohl
II1ddla or tttl 111bullbull and _ __ -kad for a
~rr or tl rtlilU1ta
A epllt-halr nllelAlUbullbullaJG1ant Gtd tor the de
obtaineG nil heM tiO ta and _ tllUftd to be A co~relaU_
an thl uwn and t hal the 1Dampl __MIt
_ampI ou_ t bl ill
II IETMIDI NIT 11
Th Catall adahop ~I 1 tact
_1_ ta thl ftMa to any ar $tsa palJt 0 hI ____
the Itudy The filioo_ t lMIIJcI _ 0 catam 0
-J bull t 32 auINRlta _ parun ar he pa-__ Ira _U
1- than 20 tU ut ttbullbull fa bull la1 peJah_ and the
lan1 deAlcted that bull tnUfia_Una lan would orbullbull
23
bettr bull 1 or the population Th parihs wer dlvided into thr
group (1 - 200 rtltbullbull 201 - 00 r-111bullbull and 401 - 600 raillbullbull )
Dna parih each rroa the two larger group and our aall pariaha wr
randoaly bullbulllactad a the pl or par1h to bbullbullurv~ad Thue tha
ubJect contitut a randaa stretirid ple or the church-going
population or the R Catholic D10c of BIIcr Sinc thre 1 only
one Catholic paih in the bullbull1 town and ciUbullbull or E_tern OnIOn all
church10ing Catholic or th1 ara ar OlOad to worhip together thus
abullbulluring the bullbuller1llntr t t the vadablbullbull or 1Ig and ducation will
b rairly rprntativ or the entir Catholic population or the ar
The experientr a Cathol1c pribullbullt orrioiated at the regular
Sunday erv1cbullbull or the padshbullbull included in the ple During the tibullbull
in tha service regularly devoted to a eran he aked the u~r to pa
out copis or the attitude acale and pencil to bar or the
congregation Arter thbullbullbull -d been distributed the Eucpedantar read
the introductory paragraph or the quUonnair to the congregation H
requeted thelr cooplation in coapltiO the it and orr8led to
anwer any quetion when the elvice over Tanty ainut war
allotad to the subject ror coaplation of ttle attitude cal The
bullbullrvice _ concluded in the usual annel and the ePerinter anred
any quetion that c up
A and EdypaUal Lbullbulll bull
for the purpo anal ying the data or the tudy the ubJectbull
bullbullre dividd into thrbullbull aoe IIOUP and rour ducation 11OUP thus
living a _trix 0 t_lv call The age IIOUPbullbullbullr (1) Jct
24
btn IS-30 yar 0 ao (2) eubJaot btn 31-50 yar (3)
ubJct 51 yn 0 or oldr Thi dlvllon baed uan bullbullvnI
conidration ThbullbullubJeot in the irt ege group have lived aot or
thair livbullbull in a changing Catholic Church It i bullbull~acted that they
will be Muoh more accpting 0 change then the other groupbullbullince changa
1 1bullbullbull unuual to th Tha ubJact In the bullbullcand group havs pant
01 or their live in bull Church that did little changing end hence are
expected to b 1bullbullbull accepting Dr chang The third group Ul hava
pnt Much ora t1bullbull than ither 0 tha other group in an unchanging
rligiou atbullbullpher It i bullbull~ected that thy wiU b the t
conervativ group
The division 0 ducation into our lvelbullbullbullbullbullbulld the 8Ot
p~tical ro tha tandpoint at the gneral population to bbullbullurvayd
Gradbullbullchool high chaol __ ooUaobullbull Md a caplatad tour yaar
oollg education bullbullra oanaidred tha aibullbullt diviion to k in our
population aina they ak undratandable diviiona 01 the rapandania
lind each lavl oanUtutbullbull an appreciabl aducational dierenca Ya
at chool caplstad thue conatitutesour oparational dtinitian or
education
III PREOICTIONS
In the lioht 0 tha previous diacu ion and tha r bullbullult at tha
pilot tucUbullbull the allowing pred1ctiona bullbullre _dbullbull
1 Scarbullbull an the prbullbullant hal a the acale will b highr than
acorbullbull on the utuw halt Thi prdiction t bullbullted ith a tet
ror correlated data
2 Younger Catholic bullbullUl tend to be 01 liberal or accepting
25
tit _ A rtAun MIl ttl caul
latlaa _ ~ toe teet 1 ypo
J eav11bullbullbull111 Ie -_ r _
to u will with 1_ renal A _rn1eUon _
t w hy~bullbull
DtAPTII 111
TIIIIIle 1 vee the __ bull bullhe tUIIa Mample
bull bullbull1 lPtti A tnIl
lQM hi aW- II lO1S
_ ubullbullIe n leta _ bull
TM _ _ the -1 21
to iIIplrl _ the ~ _ bullbull _- p1Me
NI ten h
TIIIJ1e 1 v t 14 iD tile bull AVi tnI UlnaIbullbulldbullbull
aIl TNwe a I
hiIhl ~ tie Thi moa - cauu u ~
__u VIan U Ie The
bull _ MI a lea _
u- tee __ tqb
TM _ 1A TIIIIla 1 II at t _ u Uta _ 1M U ten_
- -
27
TAamppound J
bullbullEI or II POt DUCATl IIOUP
IIAI bull ntl anl1l8r 8CampI
Old ~ (a bull raquoa)(ft bull 113) (bullbull m)
middot ~~--~~~ - r---~~~ 2-l i I
~ i ~ ~ I )~--middot~---iimiddotmiddot---~~~middot~_~_~middotn i
I j II UI I bull III I n 11- i bull 124 I bull 111bull bull 84 I
~ 1
_-------middot4---middotmiddotmiddot_middot+------1
~ bull-1 n
bull bull 111 bull bull 116bull 10
-bull bull 121
1
(n bull UI)
shy
1
(a bull 3-)
cu (bullbull 2U)
bull mmiddot CoU
(a bull 17)
In fig 1 the mean IIOOfeamp or eech educUonal grC1lp 18 plotld
c)gd not dye Lowr scures middotIe indio gtl1vn of conE1rvatislII 8nll h bull gher
soor~s of 11b8ld eta Of groilolr cceptfnc1 of ot) nge Hmiddot~ d t et(JW b
tlf900 tOWfO mo EG libel 1 tti tUt19sin youngt respondentG 19
mi((UfII-gIH t~iQr 9croo1 gredudtas were just eligrtly more LblSral t n
tc younger ligl school QridIJt~S The corrsltion btlDaan 8core8 on
tilm dtitude 8cle finc -g9 was 51 Ulhich is atntist~cll) signifLclnt
t ttlpound bull 11 lsvsl TrG corrailttion between accres on tre attitud~3 scel~
1)nd age wlth educaration prtialled aut was 36 TNa younglill pelOjlla sro
SEHn to bs signlficanU) more accepting 01 change ttln older people
In fig 1 tt-a tH8n COrliS or each gloup ale plott td Il9Ilnet
th~ four Qduc~1tionEll 18113 Thli trend toward l1Il rEt liberal attitiJdo6
wi t ncroiJsnr F1iJCation is slimn in thfll graph Tta eorriltloUon butween
scar on tI~ GCelA ana echoicbull tion 118$ bull ti wlch is 8ignifiCtlnt (tt the
Jl lEtllel n~ corrsl~t1on betwgon scor on ttt~ IICel ~nd f4duQtton
lIIitt ugo pltrtiall~d out lIIes 3amp Thue edUcation is e~n to bil
signifiesntly relatQd to aecfgtptftMC8 at cr~ngo more aduc tad rlJsjJondpnts
tanding to ecclpt ctangua molS r9i11dil) th~in lee oducated 0098
Ttfl date Indice ted t~ilt tlere was no CIOfInlEltion bt~ttl1m1n )gc QItd
sducation (I -db) t Impling no overlap 1n the variance aoountilc for
by the two voriablas 80 a multiple R was computed The ~ultiple R
between 8cores on the acale and E)ge and education was bullbulla About 16
of the variance on ttese 8cores is trus predictablo from age and
education
A 1 test using the formula for carrelatad observations I UlliS done
on t9 deta from the future nd present t1Bllles of tg sc-ale T-e
bullbull
29
-~---------=l GJ8d Schaal bull 6 High School 0- __0
S COlla amiddotmiddotmiddota i
4 yra Collage bull ibull
G_ Amiddot 7- 0
bull bull - - 0 JI bullbull bull N
a
laquo
Old 1l1ddla
AGE
riquE 1 Ian acorbullbull on the attitude Bcele or the foul lIducaUone1 lavl plotted againet eg The highsr ths cors on the aeale the are liberal 01 accepting or change are the reapondenta
lJ
Did Jj a dIIle 0 0 Yatal Il- --D
11
bull
1 2 3
poundDUCATIObullbullL~V[LS
1M a bull _ne the ttltwde elbullbullr th thne poupe plt1M11 lwl The hlp Uw _ on the ele the _n 111 01 --URe or h nepond_e
31
1 - oMbullbullbull 36~)l (p lt 111) 1ndl0U auort tor th hypol
that Cthollcbullbullre _rbullbullcoepting or chabullbull alrdy lMt1 tutad than
they 1 of future hypothlzd chang
U lOR IlOllDUAL nos
S ot the 1t_ in the ttltudbullbullcalbullbullr8 ot bullbulldl Intt
btlcauae thf rtl~ot tUtudU r bull IMt iltpartnett in th
Cetllo110 Churgt todey Itbullbull 6 11 13 end 16 hev be n anAlyzlld
IIDrtl ull y than thtt othr And 1 preted 1n th U1 our
fgur to how th ulte In tr d taU ttaaa 6 11 and 13
wre ~ the uture pert 0 the 8cal and it 16 1 the prt
pert 0 th ace1
lba t
f lIUr8 3 the pnta or Meh I Ihel 111 th 1t_
bull (Dlvo-rrr1d Ctho1icbullbullhou1d b p~tted to raciv the
bullbullonu illy C-uon van though thlr bullbullaond urlbullbullbull
1 inval1d according to na~al tndard) Ovral 61 ot the
r bullbullpond t bullbullbullreed that 01 involved ln invalld 111hould
bbullbull11_0 to rbullbulliv the aat rlgur 3 that ln ach
group at l t ~a~ ot the repond ahaI thl preibullbulliv attltudbullbull
In the youngr ana _1 educatd lrouP _lIIOt 7b~ or ttl raepondant bull
bull xpl dlt with pnnt polley Svnty-toUl IGent or th
rnat wlth a 0011 eduoat1an agreed to bull changbullbullbull d1d 68)11 0 th r8apondant undr thirty y or bullbullbullbull
32
Old Yaung
I~-- -gt- bullbullbull
56~ 5~
- 1
7t~ ~ ~
f
_IDIUJ fiayenr 3 Thl pen_tag 1n ROh II 1-inI _th It 6 J_ 6 Dlvolc- llbd Catha110bull bull haul It t Icl n aact ( otal1r -Uftlon) bull theulh nll bullbull cencI_1 1 bull lavU aoollldl to --
Gbullbull SohaDl
Call
33
DIIl1 rl 4 vee theu1t 0 the VllY itbull U (PII
ehould _t U ta _fty) OvU 57j or the ehUloh
Cthollbullbull 1ft 1 bullbulltud) Ind1oat that th dl with the Cethol1
ChulGhf poUe) 0 bullbull1J_ 0 h al St __ 0 th IIhUlGh _th bull 1tecI DOn aU_ 111 w1~
t pall SJn 1M 0 h young - dl
with t polla) ~ the yaur Cathctll0 wih bull DOll
eduoatlon ~ dlred wlh th 01011 polle
Hau (leuI 5 tivu Ue peentege 1ft -h tIlI wUh
It_ 13 (__ t VI all__ 0 I bullbullU) A t
mt dl wlth hi U 1 eu t be yl that h would
1n evo 0 heving _1 aly Jn the Cthta1la Chunn uno to 81_
wlth th Ita bullbull p 1 to vo the prt peltAl i al
th data thet the bullbullt _Jult 0 to accept prlbullbull at hI U OwaU 16 C d with the
lOhl~ltlon 0 1 al) Thl t-wo proan or hdeft with a eoU eductaU 1I1d with he plOhUalUan 0 _11ft pl bullbull
EducaUan bull- to IIbullbull Ill to In eooep 0 __ pllbullbull
heft
ll a (1 6 V hlta D th MI_ on 1- 11 (To a
catholl0 It 1 ft to ta1n an ye 0 U elel nh
cantHI dvlo end the W th aontnl pill) Th data h at
34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
- Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and practices correlated with age and education
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11
mal tN _a AU tile
1 1ft thla e bull u bullt - tba or the
u __ fit 1Mt At Ut U the lUI t JuI n - hit dl__ ( lN1) 1111_
tnIlllllllJe _ alAe _tIl tWI 1ft dIdIIt
Ill 1 hi
W m they fit _t ~
u-au_ TN_ _ 101
I 1INUMd ampb _Ill II pel _U
_111 ~_ -1 _ In
he u- __ 1 ampII
- A 11_ the - _ 1 11 III _ h
- aa he
1 bPl _ u
lftIIIII fA ple
V cal __ - tutu 01
1IIdamp rtan tie bullbull or CltNl_ 1ft
bullbullbullbullM MUM --_
It _ bullbullbullbullbull ta _ 1Ile ull 1111
_til the 1 11 1ft eteh
U tMIlftIII Illcuit 81th
IIltly U lhatl bull ___ IIJ he r
I bull
a hen tid u tNnr
1- - dun __ _
-
Cathllll or al 1tIheIt 11 II -r shy_111M lap _ne
Oft hi 1 _1M _
1M 18 - _t __ lI1ruu
IIlll-Mlr nNaU h Md _ bullbullbull round to be _
(eo ~ ta _ NUl) eh
bull -Ill - - - r --t thin 1- 1111 rtl1 r he _
to 0 wil Nt U uat11
_ Ie ~ th_ hln _ _ u-I tdth bull WhIt to ttl l _ iii
1Ml 1 Chunh 18tV111 hbullbullbull_ All he 1_ eleaed -s Iftla In V h cU eW
Oft bull - II1Iu1al r
bullUIIy or -- 1_ (1 3 I _ 20T I lI 1bullbull 16 17 II
I nrua) ntUhIIII u bIlinl ~ - CUMll
Chunh The IIhu (It 1 It 6bullbullt 10 U U II I)
to ttl I bullbull tal cell
Chi_ hi 1-middot plaeed -l8JIea w tbu
10
_ - tiN
11bullbull1 a _ _ _- n () -1 tie _ bull 11
______hi bullbullbullbullbull _hi all__ JaI bull
_ nt (au tNII C
__ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullat _ taIIlil
I eu nbullbull Ml ___
a - Ilut - _ tMN JM1 _ and
-1 til ~ - bull I shy
abullbull IIM UIIt til h
rbullbull bullbull IIbullbull
I ___ 1II1et WIIl _ it_ -l nI
IIu 11 III - tN 11
_ al W I ilia Nt SIal M
ltI -d 1D Ud at au _
-111 s UIuIl _ lie autleWl 1M MUM
bull bullbullbull 1_ - _
_ at AU 1ft 1 of -
U _ ~ _tal petntSamp1 _
_ W ~bullbulld plPi_ in
tN Nel fit ~ he caubullbull n bullbullbull11 the 1M th _
t21 L ~ fMM - w_ fit (1) bullbullau _
21
itbout chng to p~t good dicrilnatlon alone the liberalshy
conervativ continuua ror pl In the rea or clrical dieiplinbull
ny Catholic ar eoncrnd with the prbullbullbullnt harta9 or clr9Y In
Catholic prih Thi uaually ratbullbullbull the quatian at clarical
clibcy Three it (2 11 and 15) perltt the rbullbullpondant to
diacrilnate bull 11ttle In 111 attitude toward hi tutUI ching Ite
11 bullbullrly ak it the chang to rrid clrlY 1bullbullIreable to the
rbullbullpendant It 2 bullbullk ir bull r bullbullpondnt thinka thi chang would rbullbullu1t
in lood bullbullrvic to peepl It 15 ineerpotbullbull the bullbullt rrquant
oent in the rirt two pilot tudibullbull whioh iapUbullbull tht thi chang
to nld clrgy llight raul t in battr bullbullrvic baerried
clrgy would hv bttr inaight into rly lir It i rbl to
ua tht bull preon ight ccapt bull chang to bull nid olrlY van
though bdobullbull not rbullbullbullbullbull it bullbull rbullbullu1ting in _d or bttr bullbullrvic but
bullbullrly beubullbull h d It noy to the bullbullitanc or the Churoh bullbull
h k it Hbullbullilht 10 think _nid clrgy auld 11v bttbullbull
bullbullbullvic or llight nat H could 10 think bullbullrried clrgy would liv
ltettr bullbullrvio but prrr the clibat olrlY h hebull awn cautDaad to
Thue 11 thr it hlp dicrillit bullbull r~ntmiddotbullbullttitud taad
thi chantbullbull
Th caaaant or dir r antbullbull180 indicted _ canebullbulln
over the poalUon cr woan in the Chuch T_ itbullbull tap thibullbull1bullbull cr
change It 1 chck the pandentmiddot tUtude to_rd bull intbullbulll
paUcipaUon by _en in worhlp nd it 15 chck hibullbulltUtUde toward
bull rl clrgy
It 16 and 18 both chok the bullbullbullpendant attitude t 1d the
ua_ of uthorlty in the Churoh Itaa 9 10 and 12 are all concrned
22
wi In hip U_ in he ChINh 1- 4 If 14
en bull __ _th he 1IffId1dU_ r the _ 111
Ute w ubullbullr u Ctweh all ani u hM
_ tile da 11bull CetMllM
th- tit~ _tdtIen W bull -Ia _
_ 1ft CNIlJ Ua ha en a _ I he
CltNIUL
f1M1 n lfI 1M Thl lnal _all _ leld Me lay -1At 11_ to 6U Calhal1M
~ vial 1A _1 parllh in I -n aagon au
DOIIPlated U 111 the allot tJu __1tIg tohl
II1ddla or tttl 111bullbull and _ __ -kad for a
~rr or tl rtlilU1ta
A epllt-halr nllelAlUbullbullaJG1ant Gtd tor the de
obtaineG nil heM tiO ta and _ tllUftd to be A co~relaU_
an thl uwn and t hal the 1Dampl __MIt
_ampI ou_ t bl ill
II IETMIDI NIT 11
Th Catall adahop ~I 1 tact
_1_ ta thl ftMa to any ar $tsa palJt 0 hI ____
the Itudy The filioo_ t lMIIJcI _ 0 catam 0
-J bull t 32 auINRlta _ parun ar he pa-__ Ira _U
1- than 20 tU ut ttbullbull fa bull la1 peJah_ and the
lan1 deAlcted that bull tnUfia_Una lan would orbullbull
23
bettr bull 1 or the population Th parihs wer dlvided into thr
group (1 - 200 rtltbullbull 201 - 00 r-111bullbull and 401 - 600 raillbullbull )
Dna parih each rroa the two larger group and our aall pariaha wr
randoaly bullbulllactad a the pl or par1h to bbullbullurv~ad Thue tha
ubJect contitut a randaa stretirid ple or the church-going
population or the R Catholic D10c of BIIcr Sinc thre 1 only
one Catholic paih in the bullbull1 town and ciUbullbull or E_tern OnIOn all
church10ing Catholic or th1 ara ar OlOad to worhip together thus
abullbulluring the bullbuller1llntr t t the vadablbullbull or 1Ig and ducation will
b rairly rprntativ or the entir Catholic population or the ar
The experientr a Cathol1c pribullbullt orrioiated at the regular
Sunday erv1cbullbull or the padshbullbull included in the ple During the tibullbull
in tha service regularly devoted to a eran he aked the u~r to pa
out copis or the attitude acale and pencil to bar or the
congregation Arter thbullbullbull -d been distributed the Eucpedantar read
the introductory paragraph or the quUonnair to the congregation H
requeted thelr cooplation in coapltiO the it and orr8led to
anwer any quetion when the elvice over Tanty ainut war
allotad to the subject ror coaplation of ttle attitude cal The
bullbullrvice _ concluded in the usual annel and the ePerinter anred
any quetion that c up
A and EdypaUal Lbullbulll bull
for the purpo anal ying the data or the tudy the ubJectbull
bullbullre dividd into thrbullbull aoe IIOUP and rour ducation 11OUP thus
living a _trix 0 t_lv call The age IIOUPbullbullbullr (1) Jct
24
btn IS-30 yar 0 ao (2) eubJaot btn 31-50 yar (3)
ubJct 51 yn 0 or oldr Thi dlvllon baed uan bullbullvnI
conidration ThbullbullubJeot in the irt ege group have lived aot or
thair livbullbull in a changing Catholic Church It i bullbull~acted that they
will be Muoh more accpting 0 change then the other groupbullbullince changa
1 1bullbullbull unuual to th Tha ubJact In the bullbullcand group havs pant
01 or their live in bull Church that did little changing end hence are
expected to b 1bullbullbull accepting Dr chang The third group Ul hava
pnt Much ora t1bullbull than ither 0 tha other group in an unchanging
rligiou atbullbullpher It i bullbull~ected that thy wiU b the t
conervativ group
The division 0 ducation into our lvelbullbullbullbullbullbulld the 8Ot
p~tical ro tha tandpoint at the gneral population to bbullbullurvayd
Gradbullbullchool high chaol __ ooUaobullbull Md a caplatad tour yaar
oollg education bullbullra oanaidred tha aibullbullt diviion to k in our
population aina they ak undratandable diviiona 01 the rapandania
lind each lavl oanUtutbullbull an appreciabl aducational dierenca Ya
at chool caplstad thue conatitutesour oparational dtinitian or
education
III PREOICTIONS
In the lioht 0 tha previous diacu ion and tha r bullbullult at tha
pilot tucUbullbull the allowing pred1ctiona bullbullre _dbullbull
1 Scarbullbull an the prbullbullant hal a the acale will b highr than
acorbullbull on the utuw halt Thi prdiction t bullbullted ith a tet
ror correlated data
2 Younger Catholic bullbullUl tend to be 01 liberal or accepting
25
tit _ A rtAun MIl ttl caul
latlaa _ ~ toe teet 1 ypo
J eav11bullbullbull111 Ie -_ r _
to u will with 1_ renal A _rn1eUon _
t w hy~bullbull
DtAPTII 111
TIIIIIle 1 vee the __ bull bullhe tUIIa Mample
bull bullbull1 lPtti A tnIl
lQM hi aW- II lO1S
_ ubullbullIe n leta _ bull
TM _ _ the -1 21
to iIIplrl _ the ~ _ bullbull _- p1Me
NI ten h
TIIIJ1e 1 v t 14 iD tile bull AVi tnI UlnaIbullbulldbullbull
aIl TNwe a I
hiIhl ~ tie Thi moa - cauu u ~
__u VIan U Ie The
bull _ MI a lea _
u- tee __ tqb
TM _ 1A TIIIIla 1 II at t _ u Uta _ 1M U ten_
- -
27
TAamppound J
bullbullEI or II POt DUCATl IIOUP
IIAI bull ntl anl1l8r 8CampI
Old ~ (a bull raquoa)(ft bull 113) (bullbull m)
middot ~~--~~~ - r---~~~ 2-l i I
~ i ~ ~ I )~--middot~---iimiddotmiddot---~~~middot~_~_~middotn i
I j II UI I bull III I n 11- i bull 124 I bull 111bull bull 84 I
~ 1
_-------middot4---middotmiddotmiddot_middot+------1
~ bull-1 n
bull bull 111 bull bull 116bull 10
-bull bull 121
1
(n bull UI)
shy
1
(a bull 3-)
cu (bullbull 2U)
bull mmiddot CoU
(a bull 17)
In fig 1 the mean IIOOfeamp or eech educUonal grC1lp 18 plotld
c)gd not dye Lowr scures middotIe indio gtl1vn of conE1rvatislII 8nll h bull gher
soor~s of 11b8ld eta Of groilolr cceptfnc1 of ot) nge Hmiddot~ d t et(JW b
tlf900 tOWfO mo EG libel 1 tti tUt19sin youngt respondentG 19
mi((UfII-gIH t~iQr 9croo1 gredudtas were just eligrtly more LblSral t n
tc younger ligl school QridIJt~S The corrsltion btlDaan 8core8 on
tilm dtitude 8cle finc -g9 was 51 Ulhich is atntist~cll) signifLclnt
t ttlpound bull 11 lsvsl TrG corrailttion between accres on tre attitud~3 scel~
1)nd age wlth educaration prtialled aut was 36 TNa younglill pelOjlla sro
SEHn to bs signlficanU) more accepting 01 change ttln older people
In fig 1 tt-a tH8n COrliS or each gloup ale plott td Il9Ilnet
th~ four Qduc~1tionEll 18113 Thli trend toward l1Il rEt liberal attitiJdo6
wi t ncroiJsnr F1iJCation is slimn in thfll graph Tta eorriltloUon butween
scar on tI~ GCelA ana echoicbull tion 118$ bull ti wlch is 8ignifiCtlnt (tt the
Jl lEtllel n~ corrsl~t1on betwgon scor on ttt~ IICel ~nd f4duQtton
lIIitt ugo pltrtiall~d out lIIes 3amp Thue edUcation is e~n to bil
signifiesntly relatQd to aecfgtptftMC8 at cr~ngo more aduc tad rlJsjJondpnts
tanding to ecclpt ctangua molS r9i11dil) th~in lee oducated 0098
Ttfl date Indice ted t~ilt tlere was no CIOfInlEltion bt~ttl1m1n )gc QItd
sducation (I -db) t Impling no overlap 1n the variance aoountilc for
by the two voriablas 80 a multiple R was computed The ~ultiple R
between 8cores on the acale and E)ge and education was bullbulla About 16
of the variance on ttese 8cores is trus predictablo from age and
education
A 1 test using the formula for carrelatad observations I UlliS done
on t9 deta from the future nd present t1Bllles of tg sc-ale T-e
bullbull
29
-~---------=l GJ8d Schaal bull 6 High School 0- __0
S COlla amiddotmiddotmiddota i
4 yra Collage bull ibull
G_ Amiddot 7- 0
bull bull - - 0 JI bullbull bull N
a
laquo
Old 1l1ddla
AGE
riquE 1 Ian acorbullbull on the attitude Bcele or the foul lIducaUone1 lavl plotted againet eg The highsr ths cors on the aeale the are liberal 01 accepting or change are the reapondenta
lJ
Did Jj a dIIle 0 0 Yatal Il- --D
11
bull
1 2 3
poundDUCATIObullbullL~V[LS
1M a bull _ne the ttltwde elbullbullr th thne poupe plt1M11 lwl The hlp Uw _ on the ele the _n 111 01 --URe or h nepond_e
31
1 - oMbullbullbull 36~)l (p lt 111) 1ndl0U auort tor th hypol
that Cthollcbullbullre _rbullbullcoepting or chabullbull alrdy lMt1 tutad than
they 1 of future hypothlzd chang
U lOR IlOllDUAL nos
S ot the 1t_ in the ttltudbullbullcalbullbullr8 ot bullbulldl Intt
btlcauae thf rtl~ot tUtudU r bull IMt iltpartnett in th
Cetllo110 Churgt todey Itbullbull 6 11 13 end 16 hev be n anAlyzlld
IIDrtl ull y than thtt othr And 1 preted 1n th U1 our
fgur to how th ulte In tr d taU ttaaa 6 11 and 13
wre ~ the uture pert 0 the 8cal and it 16 1 the prt
pert 0 th ace1
lba t
f lIUr8 3 the pnta or Meh I Ihel 111 th 1t_
bull (Dlvo-rrr1d Ctho1icbullbullhou1d b p~tted to raciv the
bullbullonu illy C-uon van though thlr bullbullaond urlbullbullbull
1 inval1d according to na~al tndard) Ovral 61 ot the
r bullbullpond t bullbullbullreed that 01 involved ln invalld 111hould
bbullbull11_0 to rbullbulliv the aat rlgur 3 that ln ach
group at l t ~a~ ot the repond ahaI thl preibullbulliv attltudbullbull
In the youngr ana _1 educatd lrouP _lIIOt 7b~ or ttl raepondant bull
bull xpl dlt with pnnt polley Svnty-toUl IGent or th
rnat wlth a 0011 eduoat1an agreed to bull changbullbullbull d1d 68)11 0 th r8apondant undr thirty y or bullbullbullbull
32
Old Yaung
I~-- -gt- bullbullbull
56~ 5~
- 1
7t~ ~ ~
f
_IDIUJ fiayenr 3 Thl pen_tag 1n ROh II 1-inI _th It 6 J_ 6 Dlvolc- llbd Catha110bull bull haul It t Icl n aact ( otal1r -Uftlon) bull theulh nll bullbull cencI_1 1 bull lavU aoollldl to --
Gbullbull SohaDl
Call
33
DIIl1 rl 4 vee theu1t 0 the VllY itbull U (PII
ehould _t U ta _fty) OvU 57j or the ehUloh
Cthollbullbull 1ft 1 bullbulltud) Ind1oat that th dl with the Cethol1
ChulGhf poUe) 0 bullbull1J_ 0 h al St __ 0 th IIhUlGh _th bull 1tecI DOn aU_ 111 w1~
t pall SJn 1M 0 h young - dl
with t polla) ~ the yaur Cathctll0 wih bull DOll
eduoatlon ~ dlred wlh th 01011 polle
Hau (leuI 5 tivu Ue peentege 1ft -h tIlI wUh
It_ 13 (__ t VI all__ 0 I bullbullU) A t
mt dl wlth hi U 1 eu t be yl that h would
1n evo 0 heving _1 aly Jn the Cthta1la Chunn uno to 81_
wlth th Ita bullbull p 1 to vo the prt peltAl i al
th data thet the bullbullt _Jult 0 to accept prlbullbull at hI U OwaU 16 C d with the
lOhl~ltlon 0 1 al) Thl t-wo proan or hdeft with a eoU eductaU 1I1d with he plOhUalUan 0 _11ft pl bullbull
EducaUan bull- to IIbullbull Ill to In eooep 0 __ pllbullbull
heft
ll a (1 6 V hlta D th MI_ on 1- 11 (To a
catholl0 It 1 ft to ta1n an ye 0 U elel nh
cantHI dvlo end the W th aontnl pill) Th data h at
34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
- Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and practices correlated with age and education
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-
I bull
a hen tid u tNnr
1- - dun __ _
-
Cathllll or al 1tIheIt 11 II -r shy_111M lap _ne
Oft hi 1 _1M _
1M 18 - _t __ lI1ruu
IIlll-Mlr nNaU h Md _ bullbullbull round to be _
(eo ~ ta _ NUl) eh
bull -Ill - - - r --t thin 1- 1111 rtl1 r he _
to 0 wil Nt U uat11
_ Ie ~ th_ hln _ _ u-I tdth bull WhIt to ttl l _ iii
1Ml 1 Chunh 18tV111 hbullbullbull_ All he 1_ eleaed -s Iftla In V h cU eW
Oft bull - II1Iu1al r
bullUIIy or -- 1_ (1 3 I _ 20T I lI 1bullbull 16 17 II
I nrua) ntUhIIII u bIlinl ~ - CUMll
Chunh The IIhu (It 1 It 6bullbullt 10 U U II I)
to ttl I bullbull tal cell
Chi_ hi 1-middot plaeed -l8JIea w tbu
10
_ - tiN
11bullbull1 a _ _ _- n () -1 tie _ bull 11
______hi bullbullbullbullbull _hi all__ JaI bull
_ nt (au tNII C
__ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullat _ taIIlil
I eu nbullbull Ml ___
a - Ilut - _ tMN JM1 _ and
-1 til ~ - bull I shy
abullbull IIM UIIt til h
rbullbull bullbull IIbullbull
I ___ 1II1et WIIl _ it_ -l nI
IIu 11 III - tN 11
_ al W I ilia Nt SIal M
ltI -d 1D Ud at au _
-111 s UIuIl _ lie autleWl 1M MUM
bull bullbullbull 1_ - _
_ at AU 1ft 1 of -
U _ ~ _tal petntSamp1 _
_ W ~bullbulld plPi_ in
tN Nel fit ~ he caubullbull n bullbullbull11 the 1M th _
t21 L ~ fMM - w_ fit (1) bullbullau _
21
itbout chng to p~t good dicrilnatlon alone the liberalshy
conervativ continuua ror pl In the rea or clrical dieiplinbull
ny Catholic ar eoncrnd with the prbullbullbullnt harta9 or clr9Y In
Catholic prih Thi uaually ratbullbullbull the quatian at clarical
clibcy Three it (2 11 and 15) perltt the rbullbullpondant to
diacrilnate bull 11ttle In 111 attitude toward hi tutUI ching Ite
11 bullbullrly ak it the chang to rrid clrlY 1bullbullIreable to the
rbullbullpendant It 2 bullbullk ir bull r bullbullpondnt thinka thi chang would rbullbullu1t
in lood bullbullrvic to peepl It 15 ineerpotbullbull the bullbullt rrquant
oent in the rirt two pilot tudibullbull whioh iapUbullbull tht thi chang
to nld clrgy llight raul t in battr bullbullrvic baerried
clrgy would hv bttr inaight into rly lir It i rbl to
ua tht bull preon ight ccapt bull chang to bull nid olrlY van
though bdobullbull not rbullbullbullbullbull it bullbull rbullbullu1ting in _d or bttr bullbullrvic but
bullbullrly beubullbull h d It noy to the bullbullitanc or the Churoh bullbull
h k it Hbullbullilht 10 think _nid clrgy auld 11v bttbullbull
bullbullbullvic or llight nat H could 10 think bullbullrried clrgy would liv
ltettr bullbullrvio but prrr the clibat olrlY h hebull awn cautDaad to
Thue 11 thr it hlp dicrillit bullbull r~ntmiddotbullbullttitud taad
thi chantbullbull
Th caaaant or dir r antbullbull180 indicted _ canebullbulln
over the poalUon cr woan in the Chuch T_ itbullbull tap thibullbull1bullbull cr
change It 1 chck the pandentmiddot tUtude to_rd bull intbullbulll
paUcipaUon by _en in worhlp nd it 15 chck hibullbulltUtUde toward
bull rl clrgy
It 16 and 18 both chok the bullbullbullpendant attitude t 1d the
ua_ of uthorlty in the Churoh Itaa 9 10 and 12 are all concrned
22
wi In hip U_ in he ChINh 1- 4 If 14
en bull __ _th he 1IffId1dU_ r the _ 111
Ute w ubullbullr u Ctweh all ani u hM
_ tile da 11bull CetMllM
th- tit~ _tdtIen W bull -Ia _
_ 1ft CNIlJ Ua ha en a _ I he
CltNIUL
f1M1 n lfI 1M Thl lnal _all _ leld Me lay -1At 11_ to 6U Calhal1M
~ vial 1A _1 parllh in I -n aagon au
DOIIPlated U 111 the allot tJu __1tIg tohl
II1ddla or tttl 111bullbull and _ __ -kad for a
~rr or tl rtlilU1ta
A epllt-halr nllelAlUbullbullaJG1ant Gtd tor the de
obtaineG nil heM tiO ta and _ tllUftd to be A co~relaU_
an thl uwn and t hal the 1Dampl __MIt
_ampI ou_ t bl ill
II IETMIDI NIT 11
Th Catall adahop ~I 1 tact
_1_ ta thl ftMa to any ar $tsa palJt 0 hI ____
the Itudy The filioo_ t lMIIJcI _ 0 catam 0
-J bull t 32 auINRlta _ parun ar he pa-__ Ira _U
1- than 20 tU ut ttbullbull fa bull la1 peJah_ and the
lan1 deAlcted that bull tnUfia_Una lan would orbullbull
23
bettr bull 1 or the population Th parihs wer dlvided into thr
group (1 - 200 rtltbullbull 201 - 00 r-111bullbull and 401 - 600 raillbullbull )
Dna parih each rroa the two larger group and our aall pariaha wr
randoaly bullbulllactad a the pl or par1h to bbullbullurv~ad Thue tha
ubJect contitut a randaa stretirid ple or the church-going
population or the R Catholic D10c of BIIcr Sinc thre 1 only
one Catholic paih in the bullbull1 town and ciUbullbull or E_tern OnIOn all
church10ing Catholic or th1 ara ar OlOad to worhip together thus
abullbulluring the bullbuller1llntr t t the vadablbullbull or 1Ig and ducation will
b rairly rprntativ or the entir Catholic population or the ar
The experientr a Cathol1c pribullbullt orrioiated at the regular
Sunday erv1cbullbull or the padshbullbull included in the ple During the tibullbull
in tha service regularly devoted to a eran he aked the u~r to pa
out copis or the attitude acale and pencil to bar or the
congregation Arter thbullbullbull -d been distributed the Eucpedantar read
the introductory paragraph or the quUonnair to the congregation H
requeted thelr cooplation in coapltiO the it and orr8led to
anwer any quetion when the elvice over Tanty ainut war
allotad to the subject ror coaplation of ttle attitude cal The
bullbullrvice _ concluded in the usual annel and the ePerinter anred
any quetion that c up
A and EdypaUal Lbullbulll bull
for the purpo anal ying the data or the tudy the ubJectbull
bullbullre dividd into thrbullbull aoe IIOUP and rour ducation 11OUP thus
living a _trix 0 t_lv call The age IIOUPbullbullbullr (1) Jct
24
btn IS-30 yar 0 ao (2) eubJaot btn 31-50 yar (3)
ubJct 51 yn 0 or oldr Thi dlvllon baed uan bullbullvnI
conidration ThbullbullubJeot in the irt ege group have lived aot or
thair livbullbull in a changing Catholic Church It i bullbull~acted that they
will be Muoh more accpting 0 change then the other groupbullbullince changa
1 1bullbullbull unuual to th Tha ubJact In the bullbullcand group havs pant
01 or their live in bull Church that did little changing end hence are
expected to b 1bullbullbull accepting Dr chang The third group Ul hava
pnt Much ora t1bullbull than ither 0 tha other group in an unchanging
rligiou atbullbullpher It i bullbull~ected that thy wiU b the t
conervativ group
The division 0 ducation into our lvelbullbullbullbullbullbulld the 8Ot
p~tical ro tha tandpoint at the gneral population to bbullbullurvayd
Gradbullbullchool high chaol __ ooUaobullbull Md a caplatad tour yaar
oollg education bullbullra oanaidred tha aibullbullt diviion to k in our
population aina they ak undratandable diviiona 01 the rapandania
lind each lavl oanUtutbullbull an appreciabl aducational dierenca Ya
at chool caplstad thue conatitutesour oparational dtinitian or
education
III PREOICTIONS
In the lioht 0 tha previous diacu ion and tha r bullbullult at tha
pilot tucUbullbull the allowing pred1ctiona bullbullre _dbullbull
1 Scarbullbull an the prbullbullant hal a the acale will b highr than
acorbullbull on the utuw halt Thi prdiction t bullbullted ith a tet
ror correlated data
2 Younger Catholic bullbullUl tend to be 01 liberal or accepting
25
tit _ A rtAun MIl ttl caul
latlaa _ ~ toe teet 1 ypo
J eav11bullbullbull111 Ie -_ r _
to u will with 1_ renal A _rn1eUon _
t w hy~bullbull
DtAPTII 111
TIIIIIle 1 vee the __ bull bullhe tUIIa Mample
bull bullbull1 lPtti A tnIl
lQM hi aW- II lO1S
_ ubullbullIe n leta _ bull
TM _ _ the -1 21
to iIIplrl _ the ~ _ bullbull _- p1Me
NI ten h
TIIIJ1e 1 v t 14 iD tile bull AVi tnI UlnaIbullbulldbullbull
aIl TNwe a I
hiIhl ~ tie Thi moa - cauu u ~
__u VIan U Ie The
bull _ MI a lea _
u- tee __ tqb
TM _ 1A TIIIIla 1 II at t _ u Uta _ 1M U ten_
- -
27
TAamppound J
bullbullEI or II POt DUCATl IIOUP
IIAI bull ntl anl1l8r 8CampI
Old ~ (a bull raquoa)(ft bull 113) (bullbull m)
middot ~~--~~~ - r---~~~ 2-l i I
~ i ~ ~ I )~--middot~---iimiddotmiddot---~~~middot~_~_~middotn i
I j II UI I bull III I n 11- i bull 124 I bull 111bull bull 84 I
~ 1
_-------middot4---middotmiddotmiddot_middot+------1
~ bull-1 n
bull bull 111 bull bull 116bull 10
-bull bull 121
1
(n bull UI)
shy
1
(a bull 3-)
cu (bullbull 2U)
bull mmiddot CoU
(a bull 17)
In fig 1 the mean IIOOfeamp or eech educUonal grC1lp 18 plotld
c)gd not dye Lowr scures middotIe indio gtl1vn of conE1rvatislII 8nll h bull gher
soor~s of 11b8ld eta Of groilolr cceptfnc1 of ot) nge Hmiddot~ d t et(JW b
tlf900 tOWfO mo EG libel 1 tti tUt19sin youngt respondentG 19
mi((UfII-gIH t~iQr 9croo1 gredudtas were just eligrtly more LblSral t n
tc younger ligl school QridIJt~S The corrsltion btlDaan 8core8 on
tilm dtitude 8cle finc -g9 was 51 Ulhich is atntist~cll) signifLclnt
t ttlpound bull 11 lsvsl TrG corrailttion between accres on tre attitud~3 scel~
1)nd age wlth educaration prtialled aut was 36 TNa younglill pelOjlla sro
SEHn to bs signlficanU) more accepting 01 change ttln older people
In fig 1 tt-a tH8n COrliS or each gloup ale plott td Il9Ilnet
th~ four Qduc~1tionEll 18113 Thli trend toward l1Il rEt liberal attitiJdo6
wi t ncroiJsnr F1iJCation is slimn in thfll graph Tta eorriltloUon butween
scar on tI~ GCelA ana echoicbull tion 118$ bull ti wlch is 8ignifiCtlnt (tt the
Jl lEtllel n~ corrsl~t1on betwgon scor on ttt~ IICel ~nd f4duQtton
lIIitt ugo pltrtiall~d out lIIes 3amp Thue edUcation is e~n to bil
signifiesntly relatQd to aecfgtptftMC8 at cr~ngo more aduc tad rlJsjJondpnts
tanding to ecclpt ctangua molS r9i11dil) th~in lee oducated 0098
Ttfl date Indice ted t~ilt tlere was no CIOfInlEltion bt~ttl1m1n )gc QItd
sducation (I -db) t Impling no overlap 1n the variance aoountilc for
by the two voriablas 80 a multiple R was computed The ~ultiple R
between 8cores on the acale and E)ge and education was bullbulla About 16
of the variance on ttese 8cores is trus predictablo from age and
education
A 1 test using the formula for carrelatad observations I UlliS done
on t9 deta from the future nd present t1Bllles of tg sc-ale T-e
bullbull
29
-~---------=l GJ8d Schaal bull 6 High School 0- __0
S COlla amiddotmiddotmiddota i
4 yra Collage bull ibull
G_ Amiddot 7- 0
bull bull - - 0 JI bullbull bull N
a
laquo
Old 1l1ddla
AGE
riquE 1 Ian acorbullbull on the attitude Bcele or the foul lIducaUone1 lavl plotted againet eg The highsr ths cors on the aeale the are liberal 01 accepting or change are the reapondenta
lJ
Did Jj a dIIle 0 0 Yatal Il- --D
11
bull
1 2 3
poundDUCATIObullbullL~V[LS
1M a bull _ne the ttltwde elbullbullr th thne poupe plt1M11 lwl The hlp Uw _ on the ele the _n 111 01 --URe or h nepond_e
31
1 - oMbullbullbull 36~)l (p lt 111) 1ndl0U auort tor th hypol
that Cthollcbullbullre _rbullbullcoepting or chabullbull alrdy lMt1 tutad than
they 1 of future hypothlzd chang
U lOR IlOllDUAL nos
S ot the 1t_ in the ttltudbullbullcalbullbullr8 ot bullbulldl Intt
btlcauae thf rtl~ot tUtudU r bull IMt iltpartnett in th
Cetllo110 Churgt todey Itbullbull 6 11 13 end 16 hev be n anAlyzlld
IIDrtl ull y than thtt othr And 1 preted 1n th U1 our
fgur to how th ulte In tr d taU ttaaa 6 11 and 13
wre ~ the uture pert 0 the 8cal and it 16 1 the prt
pert 0 th ace1
lba t
f lIUr8 3 the pnta or Meh I Ihel 111 th 1t_
bull (Dlvo-rrr1d Ctho1icbullbullhou1d b p~tted to raciv the
bullbullonu illy C-uon van though thlr bullbullaond urlbullbullbull
1 inval1d according to na~al tndard) Ovral 61 ot the
r bullbullpond t bullbullbullreed that 01 involved ln invalld 111hould
bbullbull11_0 to rbullbulliv the aat rlgur 3 that ln ach
group at l t ~a~ ot the repond ahaI thl preibullbulliv attltudbullbull
In the youngr ana _1 educatd lrouP _lIIOt 7b~ or ttl raepondant bull
bull xpl dlt with pnnt polley Svnty-toUl IGent or th
rnat wlth a 0011 eduoat1an agreed to bull changbullbullbull d1d 68)11 0 th r8apondant undr thirty y or bullbullbullbull
32
Old Yaung
I~-- -gt- bullbullbull
56~ 5~
- 1
7t~ ~ ~
f
_IDIUJ fiayenr 3 Thl pen_tag 1n ROh II 1-inI _th It 6 J_ 6 Dlvolc- llbd Catha110bull bull haul It t Icl n aact ( otal1r -Uftlon) bull theulh nll bullbull cencI_1 1 bull lavU aoollldl to --
Gbullbull SohaDl
Call
33
DIIl1 rl 4 vee theu1t 0 the VllY itbull U (PII
ehould _t U ta _fty) OvU 57j or the ehUloh
Cthollbullbull 1ft 1 bullbulltud) Ind1oat that th dl with the Cethol1
ChulGhf poUe) 0 bullbull1J_ 0 h al St __ 0 th IIhUlGh _th bull 1tecI DOn aU_ 111 w1~
t pall SJn 1M 0 h young - dl
with t polla) ~ the yaur Cathctll0 wih bull DOll
eduoatlon ~ dlred wlh th 01011 polle
Hau (leuI 5 tivu Ue peentege 1ft -h tIlI wUh
It_ 13 (__ t VI all__ 0 I bullbullU) A t
mt dl wlth hi U 1 eu t be yl that h would
1n evo 0 heving _1 aly Jn the Cthta1la Chunn uno to 81_
wlth th Ita bullbull p 1 to vo the prt peltAl i al
th data thet the bullbullt _Jult 0 to accept prlbullbull at hI U OwaU 16 C d with the
lOhl~ltlon 0 1 al) Thl t-wo proan or hdeft with a eoU eductaU 1I1d with he plOhUalUan 0 _11ft pl bullbull
EducaUan bull- to IIbullbull Ill to In eooep 0 __ pllbullbull
heft
ll a (1 6 V hlta D th MI_ on 1- 11 (To a
catholl0 It 1 ft to ta1n an ye 0 U elel nh
cantHI dvlo end the W th aontnl pill) Th data h at
34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
- Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and practices correlated with age and education
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10
_ - tiN
11bullbull1 a _ _ _- n () -1 tie _ bull 11
______hi bullbullbullbullbull _hi all__ JaI bull
_ nt (au tNII C
__ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullat _ taIIlil
I eu nbullbull Ml ___
a - Ilut - _ tMN JM1 _ and
-1 til ~ - bull I shy
abullbull IIM UIIt til h
rbullbull bullbull IIbullbull
I ___ 1II1et WIIl _ it_ -l nI
IIu 11 III - tN 11
_ al W I ilia Nt SIal M
ltI -d 1D Ud at au _
-111 s UIuIl _ lie autleWl 1M MUM
bull bullbullbull 1_ - _
_ at AU 1ft 1 of -
U _ ~ _tal petntSamp1 _
_ W ~bullbulld plPi_ in
tN Nel fit ~ he caubullbull n bullbullbull11 the 1M th _
t21 L ~ fMM - w_ fit (1) bullbullau _
21
itbout chng to p~t good dicrilnatlon alone the liberalshy
conervativ continuua ror pl In the rea or clrical dieiplinbull
ny Catholic ar eoncrnd with the prbullbullbullnt harta9 or clr9Y In
Catholic prih Thi uaually ratbullbullbull the quatian at clarical
clibcy Three it (2 11 and 15) perltt the rbullbullpondant to
diacrilnate bull 11ttle In 111 attitude toward hi tutUI ching Ite
11 bullbullrly ak it the chang to rrid clrlY 1bullbullIreable to the
rbullbullpendant It 2 bullbullk ir bull r bullbullpondnt thinka thi chang would rbullbullu1t
in lood bullbullrvic to peepl It 15 ineerpotbullbull the bullbullt rrquant
oent in the rirt two pilot tudibullbull whioh iapUbullbull tht thi chang
to nld clrgy llight raul t in battr bullbullrvic baerried
clrgy would hv bttr inaight into rly lir It i rbl to
ua tht bull preon ight ccapt bull chang to bull nid olrlY van
though bdobullbull not rbullbullbullbullbull it bullbull rbullbullu1ting in _d or bttr bullbullrvic but
bullbullrly beubullbull h d It noy to the bullbullitanc or the Churoh bullbull
h k it Hbullbullilht 10 think _nid clrgy auld 11v bttbullbull
bullbullbullvic or llight nat H could 10 think bullbullrried clrgy would liv
ltettr bullbullrvio but prrr the clibat olrlY h hebull awn cautDaad to
Thue 11 thr it hlp dicrillit bullbull r~ntmiddotbullbullttitud taad
thi chantbullbull
Th caaaant or dir r antbullbull180 indicted _ canebullbulln
over the poalUon cr woan in the Chuch T_ itbullbull tap thibullbull1bullbull cr
change It 1 chck the pandentmiddot tUtude to_rd bull intbullbulll
paUcipaUon by _en in worhlp nd it 15 chck hibullbulltUtUde toward
bull rl clrgy
It 16 and 18 both chok the bullbullbullpendant attitude t 1d the
ua_ of uthorlty in the Churoh Itaa 9 10 and 12 are all concrned
22
wi In hip U_ in he ChINh 1- 4 If 14
en bull __ _th he 1IffId1dU_ r the _ 111
Ute w ubullbullr u Ctweh all ani u hM
_ tile da 11bull CetMllM
th- tit~ _tdtIen W bull -Ia _
_ 1ft CNIlJ Ua ha en a _ I he
CltNIUL
f1M1 n lfI 1M Thl lnal _all _ leld Me lay -1At 11_ to 6U Calhal1M
~ vial 1A _1 parllh in I -n aagon au
DOIIPlated U 111 the allot tJu __1tIg tohl
II1ddla or tttl 111bullbull and _ __ -kad for a
~rr or tl rtlilU1ta
A epllt-halr nllelAlUbullbullaJG1ant Gtd tor the de
obtaineG nil heM tiO ta and _ tllUftd to be A co~relaU_
an thl uwn and t hal the 1Dampl __MIt
_ampI ou_ t bl ill
II IETMIDI NIT 11
Th Catall adahop ~I 1 tact
_1_ ta thl ftMa to any ar $tsa palJt 0 hI ____
the Itudy The filioo_ t lMIIJcI _ 0 catam 0
-J bull t 32 auINRlta _ parun ar he pa-__ Ira _U
1- than 20 tU ut ttbullbull fa bull la1 peJah_ and the
lan1 deAlcted that bull tnUfia_Una lan would orbullbull
23
bettr bull 1 or the population Th parihs wer dlvided into thr
group (1 - 200 rtltbullbull 201 - 00 r-111bullbull and 401 - 600 raillbullbull )
Dna parih each rroa the two larger group and our aall pariaha wr
randoaly bullbulllactad a the pl or par1h to bbullbullurv~ad Thue tha
ubJect contitut a randaa stretirid ple or the church-going
population or the R Catholic D10c of BIIcr Sinc thre 1 only
one Catholic paih in the bullbull1 town and ciUbullbull or E_tern OnIOn all
church10ing Catholic or th1 ara ar OlOad to worhip together thus
abullbulluring the bullbuller1llntr t t the vadablbullbull or 1Ig and ducation will
b rairly rprntativ or the entir Catholic population or the ar
The experientr a Cathol1c pribullbullt orrioiated at the regular
Sunday erv1cbullbull or the padshbullbull included in the ple During the tibullbull
in tha service regularly devoted to a eran he aked the u~r to pa
out copis or the attitude acale and pencil to bar or the
congregation Arter thbullbullbull -d been distributed the Eucpedantar read
the introductory paragraph or the quUonnair to the congregation H
requeted thelr cooplation in coapltiO the it and orr8led to
anwer any quetion when the elvice over Tanty ainut war
allotad to the subject ror coaplation of ttle attitude cal The
bullbullrvice _ concluded in the usual annel and the ePerinter anred
any quetion that c up
A and EdypaUal Lbullbulll bull
for the purpo anal ying the data or the tudy the ubJectbull
bullbullre dividd into thrbullbull aoe IIOUP and rour ducation 11OUP thus
living a _trix 0 t_lv call The age IIOUPbullbullbullr (1) Jct
24
btn IS-30 yar 0 ao (2) eubJaot btn 31-50 yar (3)
ubJct 51 yn 0 or oldr Thi dlvllon baed uan bullbullvnI
conidration ThbullbullubJeot in the irt ege group have lived aot or
thair livbullbull in a changing Catholic Church It i bullbull~acted that they
will be Muoh more accpting 0 change then the other groupbullbullince changa
1 1bullbullbull unuual to th Tha ubJact In the bullbullcand group havs pant
01 or their live in bull Church that did little changing end hence are
expected to b 1bullbullbull accepting Dr chang The third group Ul hava
pnt Much ora t1bullbull than ither 0 tha other group in an unchanging
rligiou atbullbullpher It i bullbull~ected that thy wiU b the t
conervativ group
The division 0 ducation into our lvelbullbullbullbullbullbulld the 8Ot
p~tical ro tha tandpoint at the gneral population to bbullbullurvayd
Gradbullbullchool high chaol __ ooUaobullbull Md a caplatad tour yaar
oollg education bullbullra oanaidred tha aibullbullt diviion to k in our
population aina they ak undratandable diviiona 01 the rapandania
lind each lavl oanUtutbullbull an appreciabl aducational dierenca Ya
at chool caplstad thue conatitutesour oparational dtinitian or
education
III PREOICTIONS
In the lioht 0 tha previous diacu ion and tha r bullbullult at tha
pilot tucUbullbull the allowing pred1ctiona bullbullre _dbullbull
1 Scarbullbull an the prbullbullant hal a the acale will b highr than
acorbullbull on the utuw halt Thi prdiction t bullbullted ith a tet
ror correlated data
2 Younger Catholic bullbullUl tend to be 01 liberal or accepting
25
tit _ A rtAun MIl ttl caul
latlaa _ ~ toe teet 1 ypo
J eav11bullbullbull111 Ie -_ r _
to u will with 1_ renal A _rn1eUon _
t w hy~bullbull
DtAPTII 111
TIIIIIle 1 vee the __ bull bullhe tUIIa Mample
bull bullbull1 lPtti A tnIl
lQM hi aW- II lO1S
_ ubullbullIe n leta _ bull
TM _ _ the -1 21
to iIIplrl _ the ~ _ bullbull _- p1Me
NI ten h
TIIIJ1e 1 v t 14 iD tile bull AVi tnI UlnaIbullbulldbullbull
aIl TNwe a I
hiIhl ~ tie Thi moa - cauu u ~
__u VIan U Ie The
bull _ MI a lea _
u- tee __ tqb
TM _ 1A TIIIIla 1 II at t _ u Uta _ 1M U ten_
- -
27
TAamppound J
bullbullEI or II POt DUCATl IIOUP
IIAI bull ntl anl1l8r 8CampI
Old ~ (a bull raquoa)(ft bull 113) (bullbull m)
middot ~~--~~~ - r---~~~ 2-l i I
~ i ~ ~ I )~--middot~---iimiddotmiddot---~~~middot~_~_~middotn i
I j II UI I bull III I n 11- i bull 124 I bull 111bull bull 84 I
~ 1
_-------middot4---middotmiddotmiddot_middot+------1
~ bull-1 n
bull bull 111 bull bull 116bull 10
-bull bull 121
1
(n bull UI)
shy
1
(a bull 3-)
cu (bullbull 2U)
bull mmiddot CoU
(a bull 17)
In fig 1 the mean IIOOfeamp or eech educUonal grC1lp 18 plotld
c)gd not dye Lowr scures middotIe indio gtl1vn of conE1rvatislII 8nll h bull gher
soor~s of 11b8ld eta Of groilolr cceptfnc1 of ot) nge Hmiddot~ d t et(JW b
tlf900 tOWfO mo EG libel 1 tti tUt19sin youngt respondentG 19
mi((UfII-gIH t~iQr 9croo1 gredudtas were just eligrtly more LblSral t n
tc younger ligl school QridIJt~S The corrsltion btlDaan 8core8 on
tilm dtitude 8cle finc -g9 was 51 Ulhich is atntist~cll) signifLclnt
t ttlpound bull 11 lsvsl TrG corrailttion between accres on tre attitud~3 scel~
1)nd age wlth educaration prtialled aut was 36 TNa younglill pelOjlla sro
SEHn to bs signlficanU) more accepting 01 change ttln older people
In fig 1 tt-a tH8n COrliS or each gloup ale plott td Il9Ilnet
th~ four Qduc~1tionEll 18113 Thli trend toward l1Il rEt liberal attitiJdo6
wi t ncroiJsnr F1iJCation is slimn in thfll graph Tta eorriltloUon butween
scar on tI~ GCelA ana echoicbull tion 118$ bull ti wlch is 8ignifiCtlnt (tt the
Jl lEtllel n~ corrsl~t1on betwgon scor on ttt~ IICel ~nd f4duQtton
lIIitt ugo pltrtiall~d out lIIes 3amp Thue edUcation is e~n to bil
signifiesntly relatQd to aecfgtptftMC8 at cr~ngo more aduc tad rlJsjJondpnts
tanding to ecclpt ctangua molS r9i11dil) th~in lee oducated 0098
Ttfl date Indice ted t~ilt tlere was no CIOfInlEltion bt~ttl1m1n )gc QItd
sducation (I -db) t Impling no overlap 1n the variance aoountilc for
by the two voriablas 80 a multiple R was computed The ~ultiple R
between 8cores on the acale and E)ge and education was bullbulla About 16
of the variance on ttese 8cores is trus predictablo from age and
education
A 1 test using the formula for carrelatad observations I UlliS done
on t9 deta from the future nd present t1Bllles of tg sc-ale T-e
bullbull
29
-~---------=l GJ8d Schaal bull 6 High School 0- __0
S COlla amiddotmiddotmiddota i
4 yra Collage bull ibull
G_ Amiddot 7- 0
bull bull - - 0 JI bullbull bull N
a
laquo
Old 1l1ddla
AGE
riquE 1 Ian acorbullbull on the attitude Bcele or the foul lIducaUone1 lavl plotted againet eg The highsr ths cors on the aeale the are liberal 01 accepting or change are the reapondenta
lJ
Did Jj a dIIle 0 0 Yatal Il- --D
11
bull
1 2 3
poundDUCATIObullbullL~V[LS
1M a bull _ne the ttltwde elbullbullr th thne poupe plt1M11 lwl The hlp Uw _ on the ele the _n 111 01 --URe or h nepond_e
31
1 - oMbullbullbull 36~)l (p lt 111) 1ndl0U auort tor th hypol
that Cthollcbullbullre _rbullbullcoepting or chabullbull alrdy lMt1 tutad than
they 1 of future hypothlzd chang
U lOR IlOllDUAL nos
S ot the 1t_ in the ttltudbullbullcalbullbullr8 ot bullbulldl Intt
btlcauae thf rtl~ot tUtudU r bull IMt iltpartnett in th
Cetllo110 Churgt todey Itbullbull 6 11 13 end 16 hev be n anAlyzlld
IIDrtl ull y than thtt othr And 1 preted 1n th U1 our
fgur to how th ulte In tr d taU ttaaa 6 11 and 13
wre ~ the uture pert 0 the 8cal and it 16 1 the prt
pert 0 th ace1
lba t
f lIUr8 3 the pnta or Meh I Ihel 111 th 1t_
bull (Dlvo-rrr1d Ctho1icbullbullhou1d b p~tted to raciv the
bullbullonu illy C-uon van though thlr bullbullaond urlbullbullbull
1 inval1d according to na~al tndard) Ovral 61 ot the
r bullbullpond t bullbullbullreed that 01 involved ln invalld 111hould
bbullbull11_0 to rbullbulliv the aat rlgur 3 that ln ach
group at l t ~a~ ot the repond ahaI thl preibullbulliv attltudbullbull
In the youngr ana _1 educatd lrouP _lIIOt 7b~ or ttl raepondant bull
bull xpl dlt with pnnt polley Svnty-toUl IGent or th
rnat wlth a 0011 eduoat1an agreed to bull changbullbullbull d1d 68)11 0 th r8apondant undr thirty y or bullbullbullbull
32
Old Yaung
I~-- -gt- bullbullbull
56~ 5~
- 1
7t~ ~ ~
f
_IDIUJ fiayenr 3 Thl pen_tag 1n ROh II 1-inI _th It 6 J_ 6 Dlvolc- llbd Catha110bull bull haul It t Icl n aact ( otal1r -Uftlon) bull theulh nll bullbull cencI_1 1 bull lavU aoollldl to --
Gbullbull SohaDl
Call
33
DIIl1 rl 4 vee theu1t 0 the VllY itbull U (PII
ehould _t U ta _fty) OvU 57j or the ehUloh
Cthollbullbull 1ft 1 bullbulltud) Ind1oat that th dl with the Cethol1
ChulGhf poUe) 0 bullbull1J_ 0 h al St __ 0 th IIhUlGh _th bull 1tecI DOn aU_ 111 w1~
t pall SJn 1M 0 h young - dl
with t polla) ~ the yaur Cathctll0 wih bull DOll
eduoatlon ~ dlred wlh th 01011 polle
Hau (leuI 5 tivu Ue peentege 1ft -h tIlI wUh
It_ 13 (__ t VI all__ 0 I bullbullU) A t
mt dl wlth hi U 1 eu t be yl that h would
1n evo 0 heving _1 aly Jn the Cthta1la Chunn uno to 81_
wlth th Ita bullbull p 1 to vo the prt peltAl i al
th data thet the bullbullt _Jult 0 to accept prlbullbull at hI U OwaU 16 C d with the
lOhl~ltlon 0 1 al) Thl t-wo proan or hdeft with a eoU eductaU 1I1d with he plOhUalUan 0 _11ft pl bullbull
EducaUan bull- to IIbullbull Ill to In eooep 0 __ pllbullbull
heft
ll a (1 6 V hlta D th MI_ on 1- 11 (To a
catholl0 It 1 ft to ta1n an ye 0 U elel nh
cantHI dvlo end the W th aontnl pill) Th data h at
34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
- Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and practices correlated with age and education
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21
itbout chng to p~t good dicrilnatlon alone the liberalshy
conervativ continuua ror pl In the rea or clrical dieiplinbull
ny Catholic ar eoncrnd with the prbullbullbullnt harta9 or clr9Y In
Catholic prih Thi uaually ratbullbullbull the quatian at clarical
clibcy Three it (2 11 and 15) perltt the rbullbullpondant to
diacrilnate bull 11ttle In 111 attitude toward hi tutUI ching Ite
11 bullbullrly ak it the chang to rrid clrlY 1bullbullIreable to the
rbullbullpendant It 2 bullbullk ir bull r bullbullpondnt thinka thi chang would rbullbullu1t
in lood bullbullrvic to peepl It 15 ineerpotbullbull the bullbullt rrquant
oent in the rirt two pilot tudibullbull whioh iapUbullbull tht thi chang
to nld clrgy llight raul t in battr bullbullrvic baerried
clrgy would hv bttr inaight into rly lir It i rbl to
ua tht bull preon ight ccapt bull chang to bull nid olrlY van
though bdobullbull not rbullbullbullbullbull it bullbull rbullbullu1ting in _d or bttr bullbullrvic but
bullbullrly beubullbull h d It noy to the bullbullitanc or the Churoh bullbull
h k it Hbullbullilht 10 think _nid clrgy auld 11v bttbullbull
bullbullbullvic or llight nat H could 10 think bullbullrried clrgy would liv
ltettr bullbullrvio but prrr the clibat olrlY h hebull awn cautDaad to
Thue 11 thr it hlp dicrillit bullbull r~ntmiddotbullbullttitud taad
thi chantbullbull
Th caaaant or dir r antbullbull180 indicted _ canebullbulln
over the poalUon cr woan in the Chuch T_ itbullbull tap thibullbull1bullbull cr
change It 1 chck the pandentmiddot tUtude to_rd bull intbullbulll
paUcipaUon by _en in worhlp nd it 15 chck hibullbulltUtUde toward
bull rl clrgy
It 16 and 18 both chok the bullbullbullpendant attitude t 1d the
ua_ of uthorlty in the Churoh Itaa 9 10 and 12 are all concrned
22
wi In hip U_ in he ChINh 1- 4 If 14
en bull __ _th he 1IffId1dU_ r the _ 111
Ute w ubullbullr u Ctweh all ani u hM
_ tile da 11bull CetMllM
th- tit~ _tdtIen W bull -Ia _
_ 1ft CNIlJ Ua ha en a _ I he
CltNIUL
f1M1 n lfI 1M Thl lnal _all _ leld Me lay -1At 11_ to 6U Calhal1M
~ vial 1A _1 parllh in I -n aagon au
DOIIPlated U 111 the allot tJu __1tIg tohl
II1ddla or tttl 111bullbull and _ __ -kad for a
~rr or tl rtlilU1ta
A epllt-halr nllelAlUbullbullaJG1ant Gtd tor the de
obtaineG nil heM tiO ta and _ tllUftd to be A co~relaU_
an thl uwn and t hal the 1Dampl __MIt
_ampI ou_ t bl ill
II IETMIDI NIT 11
Th Catall adahop ~I 1 tact
_1_ ta thl ftMa to any ar $tsa palJt 0 hI ____
the Itudy The filioo_ t lMIIJcI _ 0 catam 0
-J bull t 32 auINRlta _ parun ar he pa-__ Ira _U
1- than 20 tU ut ttbullbull fa bull la1 peJah_ and the
lan1 deAlcted that bull tnUfia_Una lan would orbullbull
23
bettr bull 1 or the population Th parihs wer dlvided into thr
group (1 - 200 rtltbullbull 201 - 00 r-111bullbull and 401 - 600 raillbullbull )
Dna parih each rroa the two larger group and our aall pariaha wr
randoaly bullbulllactad a the pl or par1h to bbullbullurv~ad Thue tha
ubJect contitut a randaa stretirid ple or the church-going
population or the R Catholic D10c of BIIcr Sinc thre 1 only
one Catholic paih in the bullbull1 town and ciUbullbull or E_tern OnIOn all
church10ing Catholic or th1 ara ar OlOad to worhip together thus
abullbulluring the bullbuller1llntr t t the vadablbullbull or 1Ig and ducation will
b rairly rprntativ or the entir Catholic population or the ar
The experientr a Cathol1c pribullbullt orrioiated at the regular
Sunday erv1cbullbull or the padshbullbull included in the ple During the tibullbull
in tha service regularly devoted to a eran he aked the u~r to pa
out copis or the attitude acale and pencil to bar or the
congregation Arter thbullbullbull -d been distributed the Eucpedantar read
the introductory paragraph or the quUonnair to the congregation H
requeted thelr cooplation in coapltiO the it and orr8led to
anwer any quetion when the elvice over Tanty ainut war
allotad to the subject ror coaplation of ttle attitude cal The
bullbullrvice _ concluded in the usual annel and the ePerinter anred
any quetion that c up
A and EdypaUal Lbullbulll bull
for the purpo anal ying the data or the tudy the ubJectbull
bullbullre dividd into thrbullbull aoe IIOUP and rour ducation 11OUP thus
living a _trix 0 t_lv call The age IIOUPbullbullbullr (1) Jct
24
btn IS-30 yar 0 ao (2) eubJaot btn 31-50 yar (3)
ubJct 51 yn 0 or oldr Thi dlvllon baed uan bullbullvnI
conidration ThbullbullubJeot in the irt ege group have lived aot or
thair livbullbull in a changing Catholic Church It i bullbull~acted that they
will be Muoh more accpting 0 change then the other groupbullbullince changa
1 1bullbullbull unuual to th Tha ubJact In the bullbullcand group havs pant
01 or their live in bull Church that did little changing end hence are
expected to b 1bullbullbull accepting Dr chang The third group Ul hava
pnt Much ora t1bullbull than ither 0 tha other group in an unchanging
rligiou atbullbullpher It i bullbull~ected that thy wiU b the t
conervativ group
The division 0 ducation into our lvelbullbullbullbullbullbulld the 8Ot
p~tical ro tha tandpoint at the gneral population to bbullbullurvayd
Gradbullbullchool high chaol __ ooUaobullbull Md a caplatad tour yaar
oollg education bullbullra oanaidred tha aibullbullt diviion to k in our
population aina they ak undratandable diviiona 01 the rapandania
lind each lavl oanUtutbullbull an appreciabl aducational dierenca Ya
at chool caplstad thue conatitutesour oparational dtinitian or
education
III PREOICTIONS
In the lioht 0 tha previous diacu ion and tha r bullbullult at tha
pilot tucUbullbull the allowing pred1ctiona bullbullre _dbullbull
1 Scarbullbull an the prbullbullant hal a the acale will b highr than
acorbullbull on the utuw halt Thi prdiction t bullbullted ith a tet
ror correlated data
2 Younger Catholic bullbullUl tend to be 01 liberal or accepting
25
tit _ A rtAun MIl ttl caul
latlaa _ ~ toe teet 1 ypo
J eav11bullbullbull111 Ie -_ r _
to u will with 1_ renal A _rn1eUon _
t w hy~bullbull
DtAPTII 111
TIIIIIle 1 vee the __ bull bullhe tUIIa Mample
bull bullbull1 lPtti A tnIl
lQM hi aW- II lO1S
_ ubullbullIe n leta _ bull
TM _ _ the -1 21
to iIIplrl _ the ~ _ bullbull _- p1Me
NI ten h
TIIIJ1e 1 v t 14 iD tile bull AVi tnI UlnaIbullbulldbullbull
aIl TNwe a I
hiIhl ~ tie Thi moa - cauu u ~
__u VIan U Ie The
bull _ MI a lea _
u- tee __ tqb
TM _ 1A TIIIIla 1 II at t _ u Uta _ 1M U ten_
- -
27
TAamppound J
bullbullEI or II POt DUCATl IIOUP
IIAI bull ntl anl1l8r 8CampI
Old ~ (a bull raquoa)(ft bull 113) (bullbull m)
middot ~~--~~~ - r---~~~ 2-l i I
~ i ~ ~ I )~--middot~---iimiddotmiddot---~~~middot~_~_~middotn i
I j II UI I bull III I n 11- i bull 124 I bull 111bull bull 84 I
~ 1
_-------middot4---middotmiddotmiddot_middot+------1
~ bull-1 n
bull bull 111 bull bull 116bull 10
-bull bull 121
1
(n bull UI)
shy
1
(a bull 3-)
cu (bullbull 2U)
bull mmiddot CoU
(a bull 17)
In fig 1 the mean IIOOfeamp or eech educUonal grC1lp 18 plotld
c)gd not dye Lowr scures middotIe indio gtl1vn of conE1rvatislII 8nll h bull gher
soor~s of 11b8ld eta Of groilolr cceptfnc1 of ot) nge Hmiddot~ d t et(JW b
tlf900 tOWfO mo EG libel 1 tti tUt19sin youngt respondentG 19
mi((UfII-gIH t~iQr 9croo1 gredudtas were just eligrtly more LblSral t n
tc younger ligl school QridIJt~S The corrsltion btlDaan 8core8 on
tilm dtitude 8cle finc -g9 was 51 Ulhich is atntist~cll) signifLclnt
t ttlpound bull 11 lsvsl TrG corrailttion between accres on tre attitud~3 scel~
1)nd age wlth educaration prtialled aut was 36 TNa younglill pelOjlla sro
SEHn to bs signlficanU) more accepting 01 change ttln older people
In fig 1 tt-a tH8n COrliS or each gloup ale plott td Il9Ilnet
th~ four Qduc~1tionEll 18113 Thli trend toward l1Il rEt liberal attitiJdo6
wi t ncroiJsnr F1iJCation is slimn in thfll graph Tta eorriltloUon butween
scar on tI~ GCelA ana echoicbull tion 118$ bull ti wlch is 8ignifiCtlnt (tt the
Jl lEtllel n~ corrsl~t1on betwgon scor on ttt~ IICel ~nd f4duQtton
lIIitt ugo pltrtiall~d out lIIes 3amp Thue edUcation is e~n to bil
signifiesntly relatQd to aecfgtptftMC8 at cr~ngo more aduc tad rlJsjJondpnts
tanding to ecclpt ctangua molS r9i11dil) th~in lee oducated 0098
Ttfl date Indice ted t~ilt tlere was no CIOfInlEltion bt~ttl1m1n )gc QItd
sducation (I -db) t Impling no overlap 1n the variance aoountilc for
by the two voriablas 80 a multiple R was computed The ~ultiple R
between 8cores on the acale and E)ge and education was bullbulla About 16
of the variance on ttese 8cores is trus predictablo from age and
education
A 1 test using the formula for carrelatad observations I UlliS done
on t9 deta from the future nd present t1Bllles of tg sc-ale T-e
bullbull
29
-~---------=l GJ8d Schaal bull 6 High School 0- __0
S COlla amiddotmiddotmiddota i
4 yra Collage bull ibull
G_ Amiddot 7- 0
bull bull - - 0 JI bullbull bull N
a
laquo
Old 1l1ddla
AGE
riquE 1 Ian acorbullbull on the attitude Bcele or the foul lIducaUone1 lavl plotted againet eg The highsr ths cors on the aeale the are liberal 01 accepting or change are the reapondenta
lJ
Did Jj a dIIle 0 0 Yatal Il- --D
11
bull
1 2 3
poundDUCATIObullbullL~V[LS
1M a bull _ne the ttltwde elbullbullr th thne poupe plt1M11 lwl The hlp Uw _ on the ele the _n 111 01 --URe or h nepond_e
31
1 - oMbullbullbull 36~)l (p lt 111) 1ndl0U auort tor th hypol
that Cthollcbullbullre _rbullbullcoepting or chabullbull alrdy lMt1 tutad than
they 1 of future hypothlzd chang
U lOR IlOllDUAL nos
S ot the 1t_ in the ttltudbullbullcalbullbullr8 ot bullbulldl Intt
btlcauae thf rtl~ot tUtudU r bull IMt iltpartnett in th
Cetllo110 Churgt todey Itbullbull 6 11 13 end 16 hev be n anAlyzlld
IIDrtl ull y than thtt othr And 1 preted 1n th U1 our
fgur to how th ulte In tr d taU ttaaa 6 11 and 13
wre ~ the uture pert 0 the 8cal and it 16 1 the prt
pert 0 th ace1
lba t
f lIUr8 3 the pnta or Meh I Ihel 111 th 1t_
bull (Dlvo-rrr1d Ctho1icbullbullhou1d b p~tted to raciv the
bullbullonu illy C-uon van though thlr bullbullaond urlbullbullbull
1 inval1d according to na~al tndard) Ovral 61 ot the
r bullbullpond t bullbullbullreed that 01 involved ln invalld 111hould
bbullbull11_0 to rbullbulliv the aat rlgur 3 that ln ach
group at l t ~a~ ot the repond ahaI thl preibullbulliv attltudbullbull
In the youngr ana _1 educatd lrouP _lIIOt 7b~ or ttl raepondant bull
bull xpl dlt with pnnt polley Svnty-toUl IGent or th
rnat wlth a 0011 eduoat1an agreed to bull changbullbullbull d1d 68)11 0 th r8apondant undr thirty y or bullbullbullbull
32
Old Yaung
I~-- -gt- bullbullbull
56~ 5~
- 1
7t~ ~ ~
f
_IDIUJ fiayenr 3 Thl pen_tag 1n ROh II 1-inI _th It 6 J_ 6 Dlvolc- llbd Catha110bull bull haul It t Icl n aact ( otal1r -Uftlon) bull theulh nll bullbull cencI_1 1 bull lavU aoollldl to --
Gbullbull SohaDl
Call
33
DIIl1 rl 4 vee theu1t 0 the VllY itbull U (PII
ehould _t U ta _fty) OvU 57j or the ehUloh
Cthollbullbull 1ft 1 bullbulltud) Ind1oat that th dl with the Cethol1
ChulGhf poUe) 0 bullbull1J_ 0 h al St __ 0 th IIhUlGh _th bull 1tecI DOn aU_ 111 w1~
t pall SJn 1M 0 h young - dl
with t polla) ~ the yaur Cathctll0 wih bull DOll
eduoatlon ~ dlred wlh th 01011 polle
Hau (leuI 5 tivu Ue peentege 1ft -h tIlI wUh
It_ 13 (__ t VI all__ 0 I bullbullU) A t
mt dl wlth hi U 1 eu t be yl that h would
1n evo 0 heving _1 aly Jn the Cthta1la Chunn uno to 81_
wlth th Ita bullbull p 1 to vo the prt peltAl i al
th data thet the bullbullt _Jult 0 to accept prlbullbull at hI U OwaU 16 C d with the
lOhl~ltlon 0 1 al) Thl t-wo proan or hdeft with a eoU eductaU 1I1d with he plOhUalUan 0 _11ft pl bullbull
EducaUan bull- to IIbullbull Ill to In eooep 0 __ pllbullbull
heft
ll a (1 6 V hlta D th MI_ on 1- 11 (To a
catholl0 It 1 ft to ta1n an ye 0 U elel nh
cantHI dvlo end the W th aontnl pill) Th data h at
34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
- Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and practices correlated with age and education
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22
wi In hip U_ in he ChINh 1- 4 If 14
en bull __ _th he 1IffId1dU_ r the _ 111
Ute w ubullbullr u Ctweh all ani u hM
_ tile da 11bull CetMllM
th- tit~ _tdtIen W bull -Ia _
_ 1ft CNIlJ Ua ha en a _ I he
CltNIUL
f1M1 n lfI 1M Thl lnal _all _ leld Me lay -1At 11_ to 6U Calhal1M
~ vial 1A _1 parllh in I -n aagon au
DOIIPlated U 111 the allot tJu __1tIg tohl
II1ddla or tttl 111bullbull and _ __ -kad for a
~rr or tl rtlilU1ta
A epllt-halr nllelAlUbullbullaJG1ant Gtd tor the de
obtaineG nil heM tiO ta and _ tllUftd to be A co~relaU_
an thl uwn and t hal the 1Dampl __MIt
_ampI ou_ t bl ill
II IETMIDI NIT 11
Th Catall adahop ~I 1 tact
_1_ ta thl ftMa to any ar $tsa palJt 0 hI ____
the Itudy The filioo_ t lMIIJcI _ 0 catam 0
-J bull t 32 auINRlta _ parun ar he pa-__ Ira _U
1- than 20 tU ut ttbullbull fa bull la1 peJah_ and the
lan1 deAlcted that bull tnUfia_Una lan would orbullbull
23
bettr bull 1 or the population Th parihs wer dlvided into thr
group (1 - 200 rtltbullbull 201 - 00 r-111bullbull and 401 - 600 raillbullbull )
Dna parih each rroa the two larger group and our aall pariaha wr
randoaly bullbulllactad a the pl or par1h to bbullbullurv~ad Thue tha
ubJect contitut a randaa stretirid ple or the church-going
population or the R Catholic D10c of BIIcr Sinc thre 1 only
one Catholic paih in the bullbull1 town and ciUbullbull or E_tern OnIOn all
church10ing Catholic or th1 ara ar OlOad to worhip together thus
abullbulluring the bullbuller1llntr t t the vadablbullbull or 1Ig and ducation will
b rairly rprntativ or the entir Catholic population or the ar
The experientr a Cathol1c pribullbullt orrioiated at the regular
Sunday erv1cbullbull or the padshbullbull included in the ple During the tibullbull
in tha service regularly devoted to a eran he aked the u~r to pa
out copis or the attitude acale and pencil to bar or the
congregation Arter thbullbullbull -d been distributed the Eucpedantar read
the introductory paragraph or the quUonnair to the congregation H
requeted thelr cooplation in coapltiO the it and orr8led to
anwer any quetion when the elvice over Tanty ainut war
allotad to the subject ror coaplation of ttle attitude cal The
bullbullrvice _ concluded in the usual annel and the ePerinter anred
any quetion that c up
A and EdypaUal Lbullbulll bull
for the purpo anal ying the data or the tudy the ubJectbull
bullbullre dividd into thrbullbull aoe IIOUP and rour ducation 11OUP thus
living a _trix 0 t_lv call The age IIOUPbullbullbullr (1) Jct
24
btn IS-30 yar 0 ao (2) eubJaot btn 31-50 yar (3)
ubJct 51 yn 0 or oldr Thi dlvllon baed uan bullbullvnI
conidration ThbullbullubJeot in the irt ege group have lived aot or
thair livbullbull in a changing Catholic Church It i bullbull~acted that they
will be Muoh more accpting 0 change then the other groupbullbullince changa
1 1bullbullbull unuual to th Tha ubJact In the bullbullcand group havs pant
01 or their live in bull Church that did little changing end hence are
expected to b 1bullbullbull accepting Dr chang The third group Ul hava
pnt Much ora t1bullbull than ither 0 tha other group in an unchanging
rligiou atbullbullpher It i bullbull~ected that thy wiU b the t
conervativ group
The division 0 ducation into our lvelbullbullbullbullbullbulld the 8Ot
p~tical ro tha tandpoint at the gneral population to bbullbullurvayd
Gradbullbullchool high chaol __ ooUaobullbull Md a caplatad tour yaar
oollg education bullbullra oanaidred tha aibullbullt diviion to k in our
population aina they ak undratandable diviiona 01 the rapandania
lind each lavl oanUtutbullbull an appreciabl aducational dierenca Ya
at chool caplstad thue conatitutesour oparational dtinitian or
education
III PREOICTIONS
In the lioht 0 tha previous diacu ion and tha r bullbullult at tha
pilot tucUbullbull the allowing pred1ctiona bullbullre _dbullbull
1 Scarbullbull an the prbullbullant hal a the acale will b highr than
acorbullbull on the utuw halt Thi prdiction t bullbullted ith a tet
ror correlated data
2 Younger Catholic bullbullUl tend to be 01 liberal or accepting
25
tit _ A rtAun MIl ttl caul
latlaa _ ~ toe teet 1 ypo
J eav11bullbullbull111 Ie -_ r _
to u will with 1_ renal A _rn1eUon _
t w hy~bullbull
DtAPTII 111
TIIIIIle 1 vee the __ bull bullhe tUIIa Mample
bull bullbull1 lPtti A tnIl
lQM hi aW- II lO1S
_ ubullbullIe n leta _ bull
TM _ _ the -1 21
to iIIplrl _ the ~ _ bullbull _- p1Me
NI ten h
TIIIJ1e 1 v t 14 iD tile bull AVi tnI UlnaIbullbulldbullbull
aIl TNwe a I
hiIhl ~ tie Thi moa - cauu u ~
__u VIan U Ie The
bull _ MI a lea _
u- tee __ tqb
TM _ 1A TIIIIla 1 II at t _ u Uta _ 1M U ten_
- -
27
TAamppound J
bullbullEI or II POt DUCATl IIOUP
IIAI bull ntl anl1l8r 8CampI
Old ~ (a bull raquoa)(ft bull 113) (bullbull m)
middot ~~--~~~ - r---~~~ 2-l i I
~ i ~ ~ I )~--middot~---iimiddotmiddot---~~~middot~_~_~middotn i
I j II UI I bull III I n 11- i bull 124 I bull 111bull bull 84 I
~ 1
_-------middot4---middotmiddotmiddot_middot+------1
~ bull-1 n
bull bull 111 bull bull 116bull 10
-bull bull 121
1
(n bull UI)
shy
1
(a bull 3-)
cu (bullbull 2U)
bull mmiddot CoU
(a bull 17)
In fig 1 the mean IIOOfeamp or eech educUonal grC1lp 18 plotld
c)gd not dye Lowr scures middotIe indio gtl1vn of conE1rvatislII 8nll h bull gher
soor~s of 11b8ld eta Of groilolr cceptfnc1 of ot) nge Hmiddot~ d t et(JW b
tlf900 tOWfO mo EG libel 1 tti tUt19sin youngt respondentG 19
mi((UfII-gIH t~iQr 9croo1 gredudtas were just eligrtly more LblSral t n
tc younger ligl school QridIJt~S The corrsltion btlDaan 8core8 on
tilm dtitude 8cle finc -g9 was 51 Ulhich is atntist~cll) signifLclnt
t ttlpound bull 11 lsvsl TrG corrailttion between accres on tre attitud~3 scel~
1)nd age wlth educaration prtialled aut was 36 TNa younglill pelOjlla sro
SEHn to bs signlficanU) more accepting 01 change ttln older people
In fig 1 tt-a tH8n COrliS or each gloup ale plott td Il9Ilnet
th~ four Qduc~1tionEll 18113 Thli trend toward l1Il rEt liberal attitiJdo6
wi t ncroiJsnr F1iJCation is slimn in thfll graph Tta eorriltloUon butween
scar on tI~ GCelA ana echoicbull tion 118$ bull ti wlch is 8ignifiCtlnt (tt the
Jl lEtllel n~ corrsl~t1on betwgon scor on ttt~ IICel ~nd f4duQtton
lIIitt ugo pltrtiall~d out lIIes 3amp Thue edUcation is e~n to bil
signifiesntly relatQd to aecfgtptftMC8 at cr~ngo more aduc tad rlJsjJondpnts
tanding to ecclpt ctangua molS r9i11dil) th~in lee oducated 0098
Ttfl date Indice ted t~ilt tlere was no CIOfInlEltion bt~ttl1m1n )gc QItd
sducation (I -db) t Impling no overlap 1n the variance aoountilc for
by the two voriablas 80 a multiple R was computed The ~ultiple R
between 8cores on the acale and E)ge and education was bullbulla About 16
of the variance on ttese 8cores is trus predictablo from age and
education
A 1 test using the formula for carrelatad observations I UlliS done
on t9 deta from the future nd present t1Bllles of tg sc-ale T-e
bullbull
29
-~---------=l GJ8d Schaal bull 6 High School 0- __0
S COlla amiddotmiddotmiddota i
4 yra Collage bull ibull
G_ Amiddot 7- 0
bull bull - - 0 JI bullbull bull N
a
laquo
Old 1l1ddla
AGE
riquE 1 Ian acorbullbull on the attitude Bcele or the foul lIducaUone1 lavl plotted againet eg The highsr ths cors on the aeale the are liberal 01 accepting or change are the reapondenta
lJ
Did Jj a dIIle 0 0 Yatal Il- --D
11
bull
1 2 3
poundDUCATIObullbullL~V[LS
1M a bull _ne the ttltwde elbullbullr th thne poupe plt1M11 lwl The hlp Uw _ on the ele the _n 111 01 --URe or h nepond_e
31
1 - oMbullbullbull 36~)l (p lt 111) 1ndl0U auort tor th hypol
that Cthollcbullbullre _rbullbullcoepting or chabullbull alrdy lMt1 tutad than
they 1 of future hypothlzd chang
U lOR IlOllDUAL nos
S ot the 1t_ in the ttltudbullbullcalbullbullr8 ot bullbulldl Intt
btlcauae thf rtl~ot tUtudU r bull IMt iltpartnett in th
Cetllo110 Churgt todey Itbullbull 6 11 13 end 16 hev be n anAlyzlld
IIDrtl ull y than thtt othr And 1 preted 1n th U1 our
fgur to how th ulte In tr d taU ttaaa 6 11 and 13
wre ~ the uture pert 0 the 8cal and it 16 1 the prt
pert 0 th ace1
lba t
f lIUr8 3 the pnta or Meh I Ihel 111 th 1t_
bull (Dlvo-rrr1d Ctho1icbullbullhou1d b p~tted to raciv the
bullbullonu illy C-uon van though thlr bullbullaond urlbullbullbull
1 inval1d according to na~al tndard) Ovral 61 ot the
r bullbullpond t bullbullbullreed that 01 involved ln invalld 111hould
bbullbull11_0 to rbullbulliv the aat rlgur 3 that ln ach
group at l t ~a~ ot the repond ahaI thl preibullbulliv attltudbullbull
In the youngr ana _1 educatd lrouP _lIIOt 7b~ or ttl raepondant bull
bull xpl dlt with pnnt polley Svnty-toUl IGent or th
rnat wlth a 0011 eduoat1an agreed to bull changbullbullbull d1d 68)11 0 th r8apondant undr thirty y or bullbullbullbull
32
Old Yaung
I~-- -gt- bullbullbull
56~ 5~
- 1
7t~ ~ ~
f
_IDIUJ fiayenr 3 Thl pen_tag 1n ROh II 1-inI _th It 6 J_ 6 Dlvolc- llbd Catha110bull bull haul It t Icl n aact ( otal1r -Uftlon) bull theulh nll bullbull cencI_1 1 bull lavU aoollldl to --
Gbullbull SohaDl
Call
33
DIIl1 rl 4 vee theu1t 0 the VllY itbull U (PII
ehould _t U ta _fty) OvU 57j or the ehUloh
Cthollbullbull 1ft 1 bullbulltud) Ind1oat that th dl with the Cethol1
ChulGhf poUe) 0 bullbull1J_ 0 h al St __ 0 th IIhUlGh _th bull 1tecI DOn aU_ 111 w1~
t pall SJn 1M 0 h young - dl
with t polla) ~ the yaur Cathctll0 wih bull DOll
eduoatlon ~ dlred wlh th 01011 polle
Hau (leuI 5 tivu Ue peentege 1ft -h tIlI wUh
It_ 13 (__ t VI all__ 0 I bullbullU) A t
mt dl wlth hi U 1 eu t be yl that h would
1n evo 0 heving _1 aly Jn the Cthta1la Chunn uno to 81_
wlth th Ita bullbull p 1 to vo the prt peltAl i al
th data thet the bullbullt _Jult 0 to accept prlbullbull at hI U OwaU 16 C d with the
lOhl~ltlon 0 1 al) Thl t-wo proan or hdeft with a eoU eductaU 1I1d with he plOhUalUan 0 _11ft pl bullbull
EducaUan bull- to IIbullbull Ill to In eooep 0 __ pllbullbull
heft
ll a (1 6 V hlta D th MI_ on 1- 11 (To a
catholl0 It 1 ft to ta1n an ye 0 U elel nh
cantHI dvlo end the W th aontnl pill) Th data h at
34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
- Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and practices correlated with age and education
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23
bettr bull 1 or the population Th parihs wer dlvided into thr
group (1 - 200 rtltbullbull 201 - 00 r-111bullbull and 401 - 600 raillbullbull )
Dna parih each rroa the two larger group and our aall pariaha wr
randoaly bullbulllactad a the pl or par1h to bbullbullurv~ad Thue tha
ubJect contitut a randaa stretirid ple or the church-going
population or the R Catholic D10c of BIIcr Sinc thre 1 only
one Catholic paih in the bullbull1 town and ciUbullbull or E_tern OnIOn all
church10ing Catholic or th1 ara ar OlOad to worhip together thus
abullbulluring the bullbuller1llntr t t the vadablbullbull or 1Ig and ducation will
b rairly rprntativ or the entir Catholic population or the ar
The experientr a Cathol1c pribullbullt orrioiated at the regular
Sunday erv1cbullbull or the padshbullbull included in the ple During the tibullbull
in tha service regularly devoted to a eran he aked the u~r to pa
out copis or the attitude acale and pencil to bar or the
congregation Arter thbullbullbull -d been distributed the Eucpedantar read
the introductory paragraph or the quUonnair to the congregation H
requeted thelr cooplation in coapltiO the it and orr8led to
anwer any quetion when the elvice over Tanty ainut war
allotad to the subject ror coaplation of ttle attitude cal The
bullbullrvice _ concluded in the usual annel and the ePerinter anred
any quetion that c up
A and EdypaUal Lbullbulll bull
for the purpo anal ying the data or the tudy the ubJectbull
bullbullre dividd into thrbullbull aoe IIOUP and rour ducation 11OUP thus
living a _trix 0 t_lv call The age IIOUPbullbullbullr (1) Jct
24
btn IS-30 yar 0 ao (2) eubJaot btn 31-50 yar (3)
ubJct 51 yn 0 or oldr Thi dlvllon baed uan bullbullvnI
conidration ThbullbullubJeot in the irt ege group have lived aot or
thair livbullbull in a changing Catholic Church It i bullbull~acted that they
will be Muoh more accpting 0 change then the other groupbullbullince changa
1 1bullbullbull unuual to th Tha ubJact In the bullbullcand group havs pant
01 or their live in bull Church that did little changing end hence are
expected to b 1bullbullbull accepting Dr chang The third group Ul hava
pnt Much ora t1bullbull than ither 0 tha other group in an unchanging
rligiou atbullbullpher It i bullbull~ected that thy wiU b the t
conervativ group
The division 0 ducation into our lvelbullbullbullbullbullbulld the 8Ot
p~tical ro tha tandpoint at the gneral population to bbullbullurvayd
Gradbullbullchool high chaol __ ooUaobullbull Md a caplatad tour yaar
oollg education bullbullra oanaidred tha aibullbullt diviion to k in our
population aina they ak undratandable diviiona 01 the rapandania
lind each lavl oanUtutbullbull an appreciabl aducational dierenca Ya
at chool caplstad thue conatitutesour oparational dtinitian or
education
III PREOICTIONS
In the lioht 0 tha previous diacu ion and tha r bullbullult at tha
pilot tucUbullbull the allowing pred1ctiona bullbullre _dbullbull
1 Scarbullbull an the prbullbullant hal a the acale will b highr than
acorbullbull on the utuw halt Thi prdiction t bullbullted ith a tet
ror correlated data
2 Younger Catholic bullbullUl tend to be 01 liberal or accepting
25
tit _ A rtAun MIl ttl caul
latlaa _ ~ toe teet 1 ypo
J eav11bullbullbull111 Ie -_ r _
to u will with 1_ renal A _rn1eUon _
t w hy~bullbull
DtAPTII 111
TIIIIIle 1 vee the __ bull bullhe tUIIa Mample
bull bullbull1 lPtti A tnIl
lQM hi aW- II lO1S
_ ubullbullIe n leta _ bull
TM _ _ the -1 21
to iIIplrl _ the ~ _ bullbull _- p1Me
NI ten h
TIIIJ1e 1 v t 14 iD tile bull AVi tnI UlnaIbullbulldbullbull
aIl TNwe a I
hiIhl ~ tie Thi moa - cauu u ~
__u VIan U Ie The
bull _ MI a lea _
u- tee __ tqb
TM _ 1A TIIIIla 1 II at t _ u Uta _ 1M U ten_
- -
27
TAamppound J
bullbullEI or II POt DUCATl IIOUP
IIAI bull ntl anl1l8r 8CampI
Old ~ (a bull raquoa)(ft bull 113) (bullbull m)
middot ~~--~~~ - r---~~~ 2-l i I
~ i ~ ~ I )~--middot~---iimiddotmiddot---~~~middot~_~_~middotn i
I j II UI I bull III I n 11- i bull 124 I bull 111bull bull 84 I
~ 1
_-------middot4---middotmiddotmiddot_middot+------1
~ bull-1 n
bull bull 111 bull bull 116bull 10
-bull bull 121
1
(n bull UI)
shy
1
(a bull 3-)
cu (bullbull 2U)
bull mmiddot CoU
(a bull 17)
In fig 1 the mean IIOOfeamp or eech educUonal grC1lp 18 plotld
c)gd not dye Lowr scures middotIe indio gtl1vn of conE1rvatislII 8nll h bull gher
soor~s of 11b8ld eta Of groilolr cceptfnc1 of ot) nge Hmiddot~ d t et(JW b
tlf900 tOWfO mo EG libel 1 tti tUt19sin youngt respondentG 19
mi((UfII-gIH t~iQr 9croo1 gredudtas were just eligrtly more LblSral t n
tc younger ligl school QridIJt~S The corrsltion btlDaan 8core8 on
tilm dtitude 8cle finc -g9 was 51 Ulhich is atntist~cll) signifLclnt
t ttlpound bull 11 lsvsl TrG corrailttion between accres on tre attitud~3 scel~
1)nd age wlth educaration prtialled aut was 36 TNa younglill pelOjlla sro
SEHn to bs signlficanU) more accepting 01 change ttln older people
In fig 1 tt-a tH8n COrliS or each gloup ale plott td Il9Ilnet
th~ four Qduc~1tionEll 18113 Thli trend toward l1Il rEt liberal attitiJdo6
wi t ncroiJsnr F1iJCation is slimn in thfll graph Tta eorriltloUon butween
scar on tI~ GCelA ana echoicbull tion 118$ bull ti wlch is 8ignifiCtlnt (tt the
Jl lEtllel n~ corrsl~t1on betwgon scor on ttt~ IICel ~nd f4duQtton
lIIitt ugo pltrtiall~d out lIIes 3amp Thue edUcation is e~n to bil
signifiesntly relatQd to aecfgtptftMC8 at cr~ngo more aduc tad rlJsjJondpnts
tanding to ecclpt ctangua molS r9i11dil) th~in lee oducated 0098
Ttfl date Indice ted t~ilt tlere was no CIOfInlEltion bt~ttl1m1n )gc QItd
sducation (I -db) t Impling no overlap 1n the variance aoountilc for
by the two voriablas 80 a multiple R was computed The ~ultiple R
between 8cores on the acale and E)ge and education was bullbulla About 16
of the variance on ttese 8cores is trus predictablo from age and
education
A 1 test using the formula for carrelatad observations I UlliS done
on t9 deta from the future nd present t1Bllles of tg sc-ale T-e
bullbull
29
-~---------=l GJ8d Schaal bull 6 High School 0- __0
S COlla amiddotmiddotmiddota i
4 yra Collage bull ibull
G_ Amiddot 7- 0
bull bull - - 0 JI bullbull bull N
a
laquo
Old 1l1ddla
AGE
riquE 1 Ian acorbullbull on the attitude Bcele or the foul lIducaUone1 lavl plotted againet eg The highsr ths cors on the aeale the are liberal 01 accepting or change are the reapondenta
lJ
Did Jj a dIIle 0 0 Yatal Il- --D
11
bull
1 2 3
poundDUCATIObullbullL~V[LS
1M a bull _ne the ttltwde elbullbullr th thne poupe plt1M11 lwl The hlp Uw _ on the ele the _n 111 01 --URe or h nepond_e
31
1 - oMbullbullbull 36~)l (p lt 111) 1ndl0U auort tor th hypol
that Cthollcbullbullre _rbullbullcoepting or chabullbull alrdy lMt1 tutad than
they 1 of future hypothlzd chang
U lOR IlOllDUAL nos
S ot the 1t_ in the ttltudbullbullcalbullbullr8 ot bullbulldl Intt
btlcauae thf rtl~ot tUtudU r bull IMt iltpartnett in th
Cetllo110 Churgt todey Itbullbull 6 11 13 end 16 hev be n anAlyzlld
IIDrtl ull y than thtt othr And 1 preted 1n th U1 our
fgur to how th ulte In tr d taU ttaaa 6 11 and 13
wre ~ the uture pert 0 the 8cal and it 16 1 the prt
pert 0 th ace1
lba t
f lIUr8 3 the pnta or Meh I Ihel 111 th 1t_
bull (Dlvo-rrr1d Ctho1icbullbullhou1d b p~tted to raciv the
bullbullonu illy C-uon van though thlr bullbullaond urlbullbullbull
1 inval1d according to na~al tndard) Ovral 61 ot the
r bullbullpond t bullbullbullreed that 01 involved ln invalld 111hould
bbullbull11_0 to rbullbulliv the aat rlgur 3 that ln ach
group at l t ~a~ ot the repond ahaI thl preibullbulliv attltudbullbull
In the youngr ana _1 educatd lrouP _lIIOt 7b~ or ttl raepondant bull
bull xpl dlt with pnnt polley Svnty-toUl IGent or th
rnat wlth a 0011 eduoat1an agreed to bull changbullbullbull d1d 68)11 0 th r8apondant undr thirty y or bullbullbullbull
32
Old Yaung
I~-- -gt- bullbullbull
56~ 5~
- 1
7t~ ~ ~
f
_IDIUJ fiayenr 3 Thl pen_tag 1n ROh II 1-inI _th It 6 J_ 6 Dlvolc- llbd Catha110bull bull haul It t Icl n aact ( otal1r -Uftlon) bull theulh nll bullbull cencI_1 1 bull lavU aoollldl to --
Gbullbull SohaDl
Call
33
DIIl1 rl 4 vee theu1t 0 the VllY itbull U (PII
ehould _t U ta _fty) OvU 57j or the ehUloh
Cthollbullbull 1ft 1 bullbulltud) Ind1oat that th dl with the Cethol1
ChulGhf poUe) 0 bullbull1J_ 0 h al St __ 0 th IIhUlGh _th bull 1tecI DOn aU_ 111 w1~
t pall SJn 1M 0 h young - dl
with t polla) ~ the yaur Cathctll0 wih bull DOll
eduoatlon ~ dlred wlh th 01011 polle
Hau (leuI 5 tivu Ue peentege 1ft -h tIlI wUh
It_ 13 (__ t VI all__ 0 I bullbullU) A t
mt dl wlth hi U 1 eu t be yl that h would
1n evo 0 heving _1 aly Jn the Cthta1la Chunn uno to 81_
wlth th Ita bullbull p 1 to vo the prt peltAl i al
th data thet the bullbullt _Jult 0 to accept prlbullbull at hI U OwaU 16 C d with the
lOhl~ltlon 0 1 al) Thl t-wo proan or hdeft with a eoU eductaU 1I1d with he plOhUalUan 0 _11ft pl bullbull
EducaUan bull- to IIbullbull Ill to In eooep 0 __ pllbullbull
heft
ll a (1 6 V hlta D th MI_ on 1- 11 (To a
catholl0 It 1 ft to ta1n an ye 0 U elel nh
cantHI dvlo end the W th aontnl pill) Th data h at
34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
- Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and practices correlated with age and education
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24
btn IS-30 yar 0 ao (2) eubJaot btn 31-50 yar (3)
ubJct 51 yn 0 or oldr Thi dlvllon baed uan bullbullvnI
conidration ThbullbullubJeot in the irt ege group have lived aot or
thair livbullbull in a changing Catholic Church It i bullbull~acted that they
will be Muoh more accpting 0 change then the other groupbullbullince changa
1 1bullbullbull unuual to th Tha ubJact In the bullbullcand group havs pant
01 or their live in bull Church that did little changing end hence are
expected to b 1bullbullbull accepting Dr chang The third group Ul hava
pnt Much ora t1bullbull than ither 0 tha other group in an unchanging
rligiou atbullbullpher It i bullbull~ected that thy wiU b the t
conervativ group
The division 0 ducation into our lvelbullbullbullbullbullbulld the 8Ot
p~tical ro tha tandpoint at the gneral population to bbullbullurvayd
Gradbullbullchool high chaol __ ooUaobullbull Md a caplatad tour yaar
oollg education bullbullra oanaidred tha aibullbullt diviion to k in our
population aina they ak undratandable diviiona 01 the rapandania
lind each lavl oanUtutbullbull an appreciabl aducational dierenca Ya
at chool caplstad thue conatitutesour oparational dtinitian or
education
III PREOICTIONS
In the lioht 0 tha previous diacu ion and tha r bullbullult at tha
pilot tucUbullbull the allowing pred1ctiona bullbullre _dbullbull
1 Scarbullbull an the prbullbullant hal a the acale will b highr than
acorbullbull on the utuw halt Thi prdiction t bullbullted ith a tet
ror correlated data
2 Younger Catholic bullbullUl tend to be 01 liberal or accepting
25
tit _ A rtAun MIl ttl caul
latlaa _ ~ toe teet 1 ypo
J eav11bullbullbull111 Ie -_ r _
to u will with 1_ renal A _rn1eUon _
t w hy~bullbull
DtAPTII 111
TIIIIIle 1 vee the __ bull bullhe tUIIa Mample
bull bullbull1 lPtti A tnIl
lQM hi aW- II lO1S
_ ubullbullIe n leta _ bull
TM _ _ the -1 21
to iIIplrl _ the ~ _ bullbull _- p1Me
NI ten h
TIIIJ1e 1 v t 14 iD tile bull AVi tnI UlnaIbullbulldbullbull
aIl TNwe a I
hiIhl ~ tie Thi moa - cauu u ~
__u VIan U Ie The
bull _ MI a lea _
u- tee __ tqb
TM _ 1A TIIIIla 1 II at t _ u Uta _ 1M U ten_
- -
27
TAamppound J
bullbullEI or II POt DUCATl IIOUP
IIAI bull ntl anl1l8r 8CampI
Old ~ (a bull raquoa)(ft bull 113) (bullbull m)
middot ~~--~~~ - r---~~~ 2-l i I
~ i ~ ~ I )~--middot~---iimiddotmiddot---~~~middot~_~_~middotn i
I j II UI I bull III I n 11- i bull 124 I bull 111bull bull 84 I
~ 1
_-------middot4---middotmiddotmiddot_middot+------1
~ bull-1 n
bull bull 111 bull bull 116bull 10
-bull bull 121
1
(n bull UI)
shy
1
(a bull 3-)
cu (bullbull 2U)
bull mmiddot CoU
(a bull 17)
In fig 1 the mean IIOOfeamp or eech educUonal grC1lp 18 plotld
c)gd not dye Lowr scures middotIe indio gtl1vn of conE1rvatislII 8nll h bull gher
soor~s of 11b8ld eta Of groilolr cceptfnc1 of ot) nge Hmiddot~ d t et(JW b
tlf900 tOWfO mo EG libel 1 tti tUt19sin youngt respondentG 19
mi((UfII-gIH t~iQr 9croo1 gredudtas were just eligrtly more LblSral t n
tc younger ligl school QridIJt~S The corrsltion btlDaan 8core8 on
tilm dtitude 8cle finc -g9 was 51 Ulhich is atntist~cll) signifLclnt
t ttlpound bull 11 lsvsl TrG corrailttion between accres on tre attitud~3 scel~
1)nd age wlth educaration prtialled aut was 36 TNa younglill pelOjlla sro
SEHn to bs signlficanU) more accepting 01 change ttln older people
In fig 1 tt-a tH8n COrliS or each gloup ale plott td Il9Ilnet
th~ four Qduc~1tionEll 18113 Thli trend toward l1Il rEt liberal attitiJdo6
wi t ncroiJsnr F1iJCation is slimn in thfll graph Tta eorriltloUon butween
scar on tI~ GCelA ana echoicbull tion 118$ bull ti wlch is 8ignifiCtlnt (tt the
Jl lEtllel n~ corrsl~t1on betwgon scor on ttt~ IICel ~nd f4duQtton
lIIitt ugo pltrtiall~d out lIIes 3amp Thue edUcation is e~n to bil
signifiesntly relatQd to aecfgtptftMC8 at cr~ngo more aduc tad rlJsjJondpnts
tanding to ecclpt ctangua molS r9i11dil) th~in lee oducated 0098
Ttfl date Indice ted t~ilt tlere was no CIOfInlEltion bt~ttl1m1n )gc QItd
sducation (I -db) t Impling no overlap 1n the variance aoountilc for
by the two voriablas 80 a multiple R was computed The ~ultiple R
between 8cores on the acale and E)ge and education was bullbulla About 16
of the variance on ttese 8cores is trus predictablo from age and
education
A 1 test using the formula for carrelatad observations I UlliS done
on t9 deta from the future nd present t1Bllles of tg sc-ale T-e
bullbull
29
-~---------=l GJ8d Schaal bull 6 High School 0- __0
S COlla amiddotmiddotmiddota i
4 yra Collage bull ibull
G_ Amiddot 7- 0
bull bull - - 0 JI bullbull bull N
a
laquo
Old 1l1ddla
AGE
riquE 1 Ian acorbullbull on the attitude Bcele or the foul lIducaUone1 lavl plotted againet eg The highsr ths cors on the aeale the are liberal 01 accepting or change are the reapondenta
lJ
Did Jj a dIIle 0 0 Yatal Il- --D
11
bull
1 2 3
poundDUCATIObullbullL~V[LS
1M a bull _ne the ttltwde elbullbullr th thne poupe plt1M11 lwl The hlp Uw _ on the ele the _n 111 01 --URe or h nepond_e
31
1 - oMbullbullbull 36~)l (p lt 111) 1ndl0U auort tor th hypol
that Cthollcbullbullre _rbullbullcoepting or chabullbull alrdy lMt1 tutad than
they 1 of future hypothlzd chang
U lOR IlOllDUAL nos
S ot the 1t_ in the ttltudbullbullcalbullbullr8 ot bullbulldl Intt
btlcauae thf rtl~ot tUtudU r bull IMt iltpartnett in th
Cetllo110 Churgt todey Itbullbull 6 11 13 end 16 hev be n anAlyzlld
IIDrtl ull y than thtt othr And 1 preted 1n th U1 our
fgur to how th ulte In tr d taU ttaaa 6 11 and 13
wre ~ the uture pert 0 the 8cal and it 16 1 the prt
pert 0 th ace1
lba t
f lIUr8 3 the pnta or Meh I Ihel 111 th 1t_
bull (Dlvo-rrr1d Ctho1icbullbullhou1d b p~tted to raciv the
bullbullonu illy C-uon van though thlr bullbullaond urlbullbullbull
1 inval1d according to na~al tndard) Ovral 61 ot the
r bullbullpond t bullbullbullreed that 01 involved ln invalld 111hould
bbullbull11_0 to rbullbulliv the aat rlgur 3 that ln ach
group at l t ~a~ ot the repond ahaI thl preibullbulliv attltudbullbull
In the youngr ana _1 educatd lrouP _lIIOt 7b~ or ttl raepondant bull
bull xpl dlt with pnnt polley Svnty-toUl IGent or th
rnat wlth a 0011 eduoat1an agreed to bull changbullbullbull d1d 68)11 0 th r8apondant undr thirty y or bullbullbullbull
32
Old Yaung
I~-- -gt- bullbullbull
56~ 5~
- 1
7t~ ~ ~
f
_IDIUJ fiayenr 3 Thl pen_tag 1n ROh II 1-inI _th It 6 J_ 6 Dlvolc- llbd Catha110bull bull haul It t Icl n aact ( otal1r -Uftlon) bull theulh nll bullbull cencI_1 1 bull lavU aoollldl to --
Gbullbull SohaDl
Call
33
DIIl1 rl 4 vee theu1t 0 the VllY itbull U (PII
ehould _t U ta _fty) OvU 57j or the ehUloh
Cthollbullbull 1ft 1 bullbulltud) Ind1oat that th dl with the Cethol1
ChulGhf poUe) 0 bullbull1J_ 0 h al St __ 0 th IIhUlGh _th bull 1tecI DOn aU_ 111 w1~
t pall SJn 1M 0 h young - dl
with t polla) ~ the yaur Cathctll0 wih bull DOll
eduoatlon ~ dlred wlh th 01011 polle
Hau (leuI 5 tivu Ue peentege 1ft -h tIlI wUh
It_ 13 (__ t VI all__ 0 I bullbullU) A t
mt dl wlth hi U 1 eu t be yl that h would
1n evo 0 heving _1 aly Jn the Cthta1la Chunn uno to 81_
wlth th Ita bullbull p 1 to vo the prt peltAl i al
th data thet the bullbullt _Jult 0 to accept prlbullbull at hI U OwaU 16 C d with the
lOhl~ltlon 0 1 al) Thl t-wo proan or hdeft with a eoU eductaU 1I1d with he plOhUalUan 0 _11ft pl bullbull
EducaUan bull- to IIbullbull Ill to In eooep 0 __ pllbullbull
heft
ll a (1 6 V hlta D th MI_ on 1- 11 (To a
catholl0 It 1 ft to ta1n an ye 0 U elel nh
cantHI dvlo end the W th aontnl pill) Th data h at
34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
- Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and practices correlated with age and education
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25
tit _ A rtAun MIl ttl caul
latlaa _ ~ toe teet 1 ypo
J eav11bullbullbull111 Ie -_ r _
to u will with 1_ renal A _rn1eUon _
t w hy~bullbull
DtAPTII 111
TIIIIIle 1 vee the __ bull bullhe tUIIa Mample
bull bullbull1 lPtti A tnIl
lQM hi aW- II lO1S
_ ubullbullIe n leta _ bull
TM _ _ the -1 21
to iIIplrl _ the ~ _ bullbull _- p1Me
NI ten h
TIIIJ1e 1 v t 14 iD tile bull AVi tnI UlnaIbullbulldbullbull
aIl TNwe a I
hiIhl ~ tie Thi moa - cauu u ~
__u VIan U Ie The
bull _ MI a lea _
u- tee __ tqb
TM _ 1A TIIIIla 1 II at t _ u Uta _ 1M U ten_
- -
27
TAamppound J
bullbullEI or II POt DUCATl IIOUP
IIAI bull ntl anl1l8r 8CampI
Old ~ (a bull raquoa)(ft bull 113) (bullbull m)
middot ~~--~~~ - r---~~~ 2-l i I
~ i ~ ~ I )~--middot~---iimiddotmiddot---~~~middot~_~_~middotn i
I j II UI I bull III I n 11- i bull 124 I bull 111bull bull 84 I
~ 1
_-------middot4---middotmiddotmiddot_middot+------1
~ bull-1 n
bull bull 111 bull bull 116bull 10
-bull bull 121
1
(n bull UI)
shy
1
(a bull 3-)
cu (bullbull 2U)
bull mmiddot CoU
(a bull 17)
In fig 1 the mean IIOOfeamp or eech educUonal grC1lp 18 plotld
c)gd not dye Lowr scures middotIe indio gtl1vn of conE1rvatislII 8nll h bull gher
soor~s of 11b8ld eta Of groilolr cceptfnc1 of ot) nge Hmiddot~ d t et(JW b
tlf900 tOWfO mo EG libel 1 tti tUt19sin youngt respondentG 19
mi((UfII-gIH t~iQr 9croo1 gredudtas were just eligrtly more LblSral t n
tc younger ligl school QridIJt~S The corrsltion btlDaan 8core8 on
tilm dtitude 8cle finc -g9 was 51 Ulhich is atntist~cll) signifLclnt
t ttlpound bull 11 lsvsl TrG corrailttion between accres on tre attitud~3 scel~
1)nd age wlth educaration prtialled aut was 36 TNa younglill pelOjlla sro
SEHn to bs signlficanU) more accepting 01 change ttln older people
In fig 1 tt-a tH8n COrliS or each gloup ale plott td Il9Ilnet
th~ four Qduc~1tionEll 18113 Thli trend toward l1Il rEt liberal attitiJdo6
wi t ncroiJsnr F1iJCation is slimn in thfll graph Tta eorriltloUon butween
scar on tI~ GCelA ana echoicbull tion 118$ bull ti wlch is 8ignifiCtlnt (tt the
Jl lEtllel n~ corrsl~t1on betwgon scor on ttt~ IICel ~nd f4duQtton
lIIitt ugo pltrtiall~d out lIIes 3amp Thue edUcation is e~n to bil
signifiesntly relatQd to aecfgtptftMC8 at cr~ngo more aduc tad rlJsjJondpnts
tanding to ecclpt ctangua molS r9i11dil) th~in lee oducated 0098
Ttfl date Indice ted t~ilt tlere was no CIOfInlEltion bt~ttl1m1n )gc QItd
sducation (I -db) t Impling no overlap 1n the variance aoountilc for
by the two voriablas 80 a multiple R was computed The ~ultiple R
between 8cores on the acale and E)ge and education was bullbulla About 16
of the variance on ttese 8cores is trus predictablo from age and
education
A 1 test using the formula for carrelatad observations I UlliS done
on t9 deta from the future nd present t1Bllles of tg sc-ale T-e
bullbull
29
-~---------=l GJ8d Schaal bull 6 High School 0- __0
S COlla amiddotmiddotmiddota i
4 yra Collage bull ibull
G_ Amiddot 7- 0
bull bull - - 0 JI bullbull bull N
a
laquo
Old 1l1ddla
AGE
riquE 1 Ian acorbullbull on the attitude Bcele or the foul lIducaUone1 lavl plotted againet eg The highsr ths cors on the aeale the are liberal 01 accepting or change are the reapondenta
lJ
Did Jj a dIIle 0 0 Yatal Il- --D
11
bull
1 2 3
poundDUCATIObullbullL~V[LS
1M a bull _ne the ttltwde elbullbullr th thne poupe plt1M11 lwl The hlp Uw _ on the ele the _n 111 01 --URe or h nepond_e
31
1 - oMbullbullbull 36~)l (p lt 111) 1ndl0U auort tor th hypol
that Cthollcbullbullre _rbullbullcoepting or chabullbull alrdy lMt1 tutad than
they 1 of future hypothlzd chang
U lOR IlOllDUAL nos
S ot the 1t_ in the ttltudbullbullcalbullbullr8 ot bullbulldl Intt
btlcauae thf rtl~ot tUtudU r bull IMt iltpartnett in th
Cetllo110 Churgt todey Itbullbull 6 11 13 end 16 hev be n anAlyzlld
IIDrtl ull y than thtt othr And 1 preted 1n th U1 our
fgur to how th ulte In tr d taU ttaaa 6 11 and 13
wre ~ the uture pert 0 the 8cal and it 16 1 the prt
pert 0 th ace1
lba t
f lIUr8 3 the pnta or Meh I Ihel 111 th 1t_
bull (Dlvo-rrr1d Ctho1icbullbullhou1d b p~tted to raciv the
bullbullonu illy C-uon van though thlr bullbullaond urlbullbullbull
1 inval1d according to na~al tndard) Ovral 61 ot the
r bullbullpond t bullbullbullreed that 01 involved ln invalld 111hould
bbullbull11_0 to rbullbulliv the aat rlgur 3 that ln ach
group at l t ~a~ ot the repond ahaI thl preibullbulliv attltudbullbull
In the youngr ana _1 educatd lrouP _lIIOt 7b~ or ttl raepondant bull
bull xpl dlt with pnnt polley Svnty-toUl IGent or th
rnat wlth a 0011 eduoat1an agreed to bull changbullbullbull d1d 68)11 0 th r8apondant undr thirty y or bullbullbullbull
32
Old Yaung
I~-- -gt- bullbullbull
56~ 5~
- 1
7t~ ~ ~
f
_IDIUJ fiayenr 3 Thl pen_tag 1n ROh II 1-inI _th It 6 J_ 6 Dlvolc- llbd Catha110bull bull haul It t Icl n aact ( otal1r -Uftlon) bull theulh nll bullbull cencI_1 1 bull lavU aoollldl to --
Gbullbull SohaDl
Call
33
DIIl1 rl 4 vee theu1t 0 the VllY itbull U (PII
ehould _t U ta _fty) OvU 57j or the ehUloh
Cthollbullbull 1ft 1 bullbulltud) Ind1oat that th dl with the Cethol1
ChulGhf poUe) 0 bullbull1J_ 0 h al St __ 0 th IIhUlGh _th bull 1tecI DOn aU_ 111 w1~
t pall SJn 1M 0 h young - dl
with t polla) ~ the yaur Cathctll0 wih bull DOll
eduoatlon ~ dlred wlh th 01011 polle
Hau (leuI 5 tivu Ue peentege 1ft -h tIlI wUh
It_ 13 (__ t VI all__ 0 I bullbullU) A t
mt dl wlth hi U 1 eu t be yl that h would
1n evo 0 heving _1 aly Jn the Cthta1la Chunn uno to 81_
wlth th Ita bullbull p 1 to vo the prt peltAl i al
th data thet the bullbullt _Jult 0 to accept prlbullbull at hI U OwaU 16 C d with the
lOhl~ltlon 0 1 al) Thl t-wo proan or hdeft with a eoU eductaU 1I1d with he plOhUalUan 0 _11ft pl bullbull
EducaUan bull- to IIbullbull Ill to In eooep 0 __ pllbullbull
heft
ll a (1 6 V hlta D th MI_ on 1- 11 (To a
catholl0 It 1 ft to ta1n an ye 0 U elel nh
cantHI dvlo end the W th aontnl pill) Th data h at
34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
- Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and practices correlated with age and education
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DtAPTII 111
TIIIIIle 1 vee the __ bull bullhe tUIIa Mample
bull bullbull1 lPtti A tnIl
lQM hi aW- II lO1S
_ ubullbullIe n leta _ bull
TM _ _ the -1 21
to iIIplrl _ the ~ _ bullbull _- p1Me
NI ten h
TIIIJ1e 1 v t 14 iD tile bull AVi tnI UlnaIbullbulldbullbull
aIl TNwe a I
hiIhl ~ tie Thi moa - cauu u ~
__u VIan U Ie The
bull _ MI a lea _
u- tee __ tqb
TM _ 1A TIIIIla 1 II at t _ u Uta _ 1M U ten_
- -
27
TAamppound J
bullbullEI or II POt DUCATl IIOUP
IIAI bull ntl anl1l8r 8CampI
Old ~ (a bull raquoa)(ft bull 113) (bullbull m)
middot ~~--~~~ - r---~~~ 2-l i I
~ i ~ ~ I )~--middot~---iimiddotmiddot---~~~middot~_~_~middotn i
I j II UI I bull III I n 11- i bull 124 I bull 111bull bull 84 I
~ 1
_-------middot4---middotmiddotmiddot_middot+------1
~ bull-1 n
bull bull 111 bull bull 116bull 10
-bull bull 121
1
(n bull UI)
shy
1
(a bull 3-)
cu (bullbull 2U)
bull mmiddot CoU
(a bull 17)
In fig 1 the mean IIOOfeamp or eech educUonal grC1lp 18 plotld
c)gd not dye Lowr scures middotIe indio gtl1vn of conE1rvatislII 8nll h bull gher
soor~s of 11b8ld eta Of groilolr cceptfnc1 of ot) nge Hmiddot~ d t et(JW b
tlf900 tOWfO mo EG libel 1 tti tUt19sin youngt respondentG 19
mi((UfII-gIH t~iQr 9croo1 gredudtas were just eligrtly more LblSral t n
tc younger ligl school QridIJt~S The corrsltion btlDaan 8core8 on
tilm dtitude 8cle finc -g9 was 51 Ulhich is atntist~cll) signifLclnt
t ttlpound bull 11 lsvsl TrG corrailttion between accres on tre attitud~3 scel~
1)nd age wlth educaration prtialled aut was 36 TNa younglill pelOjlla sro
SEHn to bs signlficanU) more accepting 01 change ttln older people
In fig 1 tt-a tH8n COrliS or each gloup ale plott td Il9Ilnet
th~ four Qduc~1tionEll 18113 Thli trend toward l1Il rEt liberal attitiJdo6
wi t ncroiJsnr F1iJCation is slimn in thfll graph Tta eorriltloUon butween
scar on tI~ GCelA ana echoicbull tion 118$ bull ti wlch is 8ignifiCtlnt (tt the
Jl lEtllel n~ corrsl~t1on betwgon scor on ttt~ IICel ~nd f4duQtton
lIIitt ugo pltrtiall~d out lIIes 3amp Thue edUcation is e~n to bil
signifiesntly relatQd to aecfgtptftMC8 at cr~ngo more aduc tad rlJsjJondpnts
tanding to ecclpt ctangua molS r9i11dil) th~in lee oducated 0098
Ttfl date Indice ted t~ilt tlere was no CIOfInlEltion bt~ttl1m1n )gc QItd
sducation (I -db) t Impling no overlap 1n the variance aoountilc for
by the two voriablas 80 a multiple R was computed The ~ultiple R
between 8cores on the acale and E)ge and education was bullbulla About 16
of the variance on ttese 8cores is trus predictablo from age and
education
A 1 test using the formula for carrelatad observations I UlliS done
on t9 deta from the future nd present t1Bllles of tg sc-ale T-e
bullbull
29
-~---------=l GJ8d Schaal bull 6 High School 0- __0
S COlla amiddotmiddotmiddota i
4 yra Collage bull ibull
G_ Amiddot 7- 0
bull bull - - 0 JI bullbull bull N
a
laquo
Old 1l1ddla
AGE
riquE 1 Ian acorbullbull on the attitude Bcele or the foul lIducaUone1 lavl plotted againet eg The highsr ths cors on the aeale the are liberal 01 accepting or change are the reapondenta
lJ
Did Jj a dIIle 0 0 Yatal Il- --D
11
bull
1 2 3
poundDUCATIObullbullL~V[LS
1M a bull _ne the ttltwde elbullbullr th thne poupe plt1M11 lwl The hlp Uw _ on the ele the _n 111 01 --URe or h nepond_e
31
1 - oMbullbullbull 36~)l (p lt 111) 1ndl0U auort tor th hypol
that Cthollcbullbullre _rbullbullcoepting or chabullbull alrdy lMt1 tutad than
they 1 of future hypothlzd chang
U lOR IlOllDUAL nos
S ot the 1t_ in the ttltudbullbullcalbullbullr8 ot bullbulldl Intt
btlcauae thf rtl~ot tUtudU r bull IMt iltpartnett in th
Cetllo110 Churgt todey Itbullbull 6 11 13 end 16 hev be n anAlyzlld
IIDrtl ull y than thtt othr And 1 preted 1n th U1 our
fgur to how th ulte In tr d taU ttaaa 6 11 and 13
wre ~ the uture pert 0 the 8cal and it 16 1 the prt
pert 0 th ace1
lba t
f lIUr8 3 the pnta or Meh I Ihel 111 th 1t_
bull (Dlvo-rrr1d Ctho1icbullbullhou1d b p~tted to raciv the
bullbullonu illy C-uon van though thlr bullbullaond urlbullbullbull
1 inval1d according to na~al tndard) Ovral 61 ot the
r bullbullpond t bullbullbullreed that 01 involved ln invalld 111hould
bbullbull11_0 to rbullbulliv the aat rlgur 3 that ln ach
group at l t ~a~ ot the repond ahaI thl preibullbulliv attltudbullbull
In the youngr ana _1 educatd lrouP _lIIOt 7b~ or ttl raepondant bull
bull xpl dlt with pnnt polley Svnty-toUl IGent or th
rnat wlth a 0011 eduoat1an agreed to bull changbullbullbull d1d 68)11 0 th r8apondant undr thirty y or bullbullbullbull
32
Old Yaung
I~-- -gt- bullbullbull
56~ 5~
- 1
7t~ ~ ~
f
_IDIUJ fiayenr 3 Thl pen_tag 1n ROh II 1-inI _th It 6 J_ 6 Dlvolc- llbd Catha110bull bull haul It t Icl n aact ( otal1r -Uftlon) bull theulh nll bullbull cencI_1 1 bull lavU aoollldl to --
Gbullbull SohaDl
Call
33
DIIl1 rl 4 vee theu1t 0 the VllY itbull U (PII
ehould _t U ta _fty) OvU 57j or the ehUloh
Cthollbullbull 1ft 1 bullbulltud) Ind1oat that th dl with the Cethol1
ChulGhf poUe) 0 bullbull1J_ 0 h al St __ 0 th IIhUlGh _th bull 1tecI DOn aU_ 111 w1~
t pall SJn 1M 0 h young - dl
with t polla) ~ the yaur Cathctll0 wih bull DOll
eduoatlon ~ dlred wlh th 01011 polle
Hau (leuI 5 tivu Ue peentege 1ft -h tIlI wUh
It_ 13 (__ t VI all__ 0 I bullbullU) A t
mt dl wlth hi U 1 eu t be yl that h would
1n evo 0 heving _1 aly Jn the Cthta1la Chunn uno to 81_
wlth th Ita bullbull p 1 to vo the prt peltAl i al
th data thet the bullbullt _Jult 0 to accept prlbullbull at hI U OwaU 16 C d with the
lOhl~ltlon 0 1 al) Thl t-wo proan or hdeft with a eoU eductaU 1I1d with he plOhUalUan 0 _11ft pl bullbull
EducaUan bull- to IIbullbull Ill to In eooep 0 __ pllbullbull
heft
ll a (1 6 V hlta D th MI_ on 1- 11 (To a
catholl0 It 1 ft to ta1n an ye 0 U elel nh
cantHI dvlo end the W th aontnl pill) Th data h at
34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
- Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and practices correlated with age and education
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27
TAamppound J
bullbullEI or II POt DUCATl IIOUP
IIAI bull ntl anl1l8r 8CampI
Old ~ (a bull raquoa)(ft bull 113) (bullbull m)
middot ~~--~~~ - r---~~~ 2-l i I
~ i ~ ~ I )~--middot~---iimiddotmiddot---~~~middot~_~_~middotn i
I j II UI I bull III I n 11- i bull 124 I bull 111bull bull 84 I
~ 1
_-------middot4---middotmiddotmiddot_middot+------1
~ bull-1 n
bull bull 111 bull bull 116bull 10
-bull bull 121
1
(n bull UI)
shy
1
(a bull 3-)
cu (bullbull 2U)
bull mmiddot CoU
(a bull 17)
In fig 1 the mean IIOOfeamp or eech educUonal grC1lp 18 plotld
c)gd not dye Lowr scures middotIe indio gtl1vn of conE1rvatislII 8nll h bull gher
soor~s of 11b8ld eta Of groilolr cceptfnc1 of ot) nge Hmiddot~ d t et(JW b
tlf900 tOWfO mo EG libel 1 tti tUt19sin youngt respondentG 19
mi((UfII-gIH t~iQr 9croo1 gredudtas were just eligrtly more LblSral t n
tc younger ligl school QridIJt~S The corrsltion btlDaan 8core8 on
tilm dtitude 8cle finc -g9 was 51 Ulhich is atntist~cll) signifLclnt
t ttlpound bull 11 lsvsl TrG corrailttion between accres on tre attitud~3 scel~
1)nd age wlth educaration prtialled aut was 36 TNa younglill pelOjlla sro
SEHn to bs signlficanU) more accepting 01 change ttln older people
In fig 1 tt-a tH8n COrliS or each gloup ale plott td Il9Ilnet
th~ four Qduc~1tionEll 18113 Thli trend toward l1Il rEt liberal attitiJdo6
wi t ncroiJsnr F1iJCation is slimn in thfll graph Tta eorriltloUon butween
scar on tI~ GCelA ana echoicbull tion 118$ bull ti wlch is 8ignifiCtlnt (tt the
Jl lEtllel n~ corrsl~t1on betwgon scor on ttt~ IICel ~nd f4duQtton
lIIitt ugo pltrtiall~d out lIIes 3amp Thue edUcation is e~n to bil
signifiesntly relatQd to aecfgtptftMC8 at cr~ngo more aduc tad rlJsjJondpnts
tanding to ecclpt ctangua molS r9i11dil) th~in lee oducated 0098
Ttfl date Indice ted t~ilt tlere was no CIOfInlEltion bt~ttl1m1n )gc QItd
sducation (I -db) t Impling no overlap 1n the variance aoountilc for
by the two voriablas 80 a multiple R was computed The ~ultiple R
between 8cores on the acale and E)ge and education was bullbulla About 16
of the variance on ttese 8cores is trus predictablo from age and
education
A 1 test using the formula for carrelatad observations I UlliS done
on t9 deta from the future nd present t1Bllles of tg sc-ale T-e
bullbull
29
-~---------=l GJ8d Schaal bull 6 High School 0- __0
S COlla amiddotmiddotmiddota i
4 yra Collage bull ibull
G_ Amiddot 7- 0
bull bull - - 0 JI bullbull bull N
a
laquo
Old 1l1ddla
AGE
riquE 1 Ian acorbullbull on the attitude Bcele or the foul lIducaUone1 lavl plotted againet eg The highsr ths cors on the aeale the are liberal 01 accepting or change are the reapondenta
lJ
Did Jj a dIIle 0 0 Yatal Il- --D
11
bull
1 2 3
poundDUCATIObullbullL~V[LS
1M a bull _ne the ttltwde elbullbullr th thne poupe plt1M11 lwl The hlp Uw _ on the ele the _n 111 01 --URe or h nepond_e
31
1 - oMbullbullbull 36~)l (p lt 111) 1ndl0U auort tor th hypol
that Cthollcbullbullre _rbullbullcoepting or chabullbull alrdy lMt1 tutad than
they 1 of future hypothlzd chang
U lOR IlOllDUAL nos
S ot the 1t_ in the ttltudbullbullcalbullbullr8 ot bullbulldl Intt
btlcauae thf rtl~ot tUtudU r bull IMt iltpartnett in th
Cetllo110 Churgt todey Itbullbull 6 11 13 end 16 hev be n anAlyzlld
IIDrtl ull y than thtt othr And 1 preted 1n th U1 our
fgur to how th ulte In tr d taU ttaaa 6 11 and 13
wre ~ the uture pert 0 the 8cal and it 16 1 the prt
pert 0 th ace1
lba t
f lIUr8 3 the pnta or Meh I Ihel 111 th 1t_
bull (Dlvo-rrr1d Ctho1icbullbullhou1d b p~tted to raciv the
bullbullonu illy C-uon van though thlr bullbullaond urlbullbullbull
1 inval1d according to na~al tndard) Ovral 61 ot the
r bullbullpond t bullbullbullreed that 01 involved ln invalld 111hould
bbullbull11_0 to rbullbulliv the aat rlgur 3 that ln ach
group at l t ~a~ ot the repond ahaI thl preibullbulliv attltudbullbull
In the youngr ana _1 educatd lrouP _lIIOt 7b~ or ttl raepondant bull
bull xpl dlt with pnnt polley Svnty-toUl IGent or th
rnat wlth a 0011 eduoat1an agreed to bull changbullbullbull d1d 68)11 0 th r8apondant undr thirty y or bullbullbullbull
32
Old Yaung
I~-- -gt- bullbullbull
56~ 5~
- 1
7t~ ~ ~
f
_IDIUJ fiayenr 3 Thl pen_tag 1n ROh II 1-inI _th It 6 J_ 6 Dlvolc- llbd Catha110bull bull haul It t Icl n aact ( otal1r -Uftlon) bull theulh nll bullbull cencI_1 1 bull lavU aoollldl to --
Gbullbull SohaDl
Call
33
DIIl1 rl 4 vee theu1t 0 the VllY itbull U (PII
ehould _t U ta _fty) OvU 57j or the ehUloh
Cthollbullbull 1ft 1 bullbulltud) Ind1oat that th dl with the Cethol1
ChulGhf poUe) 0 bullbull1J_ 0 h al St __ 0 th IIhUlGh _th bull 1tecI DOn aU_ 111 w1~
t pall SJn 1M 0 h young - dl
with t polla) ~ the yaur Cathctll0 wih bull DOll
eduoatlon ~ dlred wlh th 01011 polle
Hau (leuI 5 tivu Ue peentege 1ft -h tIlI wUh
It_ 13 (__ t VI all__ 0 I bullbullU) A t
mt dl wlth hi U 1 eu t be yl that h would
1n evo 0 heving _1 aly Jn the Cthta1la Chunn uno to 81_
wlth th Ita bullbull p 1 to vo the prt peltAl i al
th data thet the bullbullt _Jult 0 to accept prlbullbull at hI U OwaU 16 C d with the
lOhl~ltlon 0 1 al) Thl t-wo proan or hdeft with a eoU eductaU 1I1d with he plOhUalUan 0 _11ft pl bullbull
EducaUan bull- to IIbullbull Ill to In eooep 0 __ pllbullbull
heft
ll a (1 6 V hlta D th MI_ on 1- 11 (To a
catholl0 It 1 ft to ta1n an ye 0 U elel nh
cantHI dvlo end the W th aontnl pill) Th data h at
34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
- Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and practices correlated with age and education
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-
In fig 1 the mean IIOOfeamp or eech educUonal grC1lp 18 plotld
c)gd not dye Lowr scures middotIe indio gtl1vn of conE1rvatislII 8nll h bull gher
soor~s of 11b8ld eta Of groilolr cceptfnc1 of ot) nge Hmiddot~ d t et(JW b
tlf900 tOWfO mo EG libel 1 tti tUt19sin youngt respondentG 19
mi((UfII-gIH t~iQr 9croo1 gredudtas were just eligrtly more LblSral t n
tc younger ligl school QridIJt~S The corrsltion btlDaan 8core8 on
tilm dtitude 8cle finc -g9 was 51 Ulhich is atntist~cll) signifLclnt
t ttlpound bull 11 lsvsl TrG corrailttion between accres on tre attitud~3 scel~
1)nd age wlth educaration prtialled aut was 36 TNa younglill pelOjlla sro
SEHn to bs signlficanU) more accepting 01 change ttln older people
In fig 1 tt-a tH8n COrliS or each gloup ale plott td Il9Ilnet
th~ four Qduc~1tionEll 18113 Thli trend toward l1Il rEt liberal attitiJdo6
wi t ncroiJsnr F1iJCation is slimn in thfll graph Tta eorriltloUon butween
scar on tI~ GCelA ana echoicbull tion 118$ bull ti wlch is 8ignifiCtlnt (tt the
Jl lEtllel n~ corrsl~t1on betwgon scor on ttt~ IICel ~nd f4duQtton
lIIitt ugo pltrtiall~d out lIIes 3amp Thue edUcation is e~n to bil
signifiesntly relatQd to aecfgtptftMC8 at cr~ngo more aduc tad rlJsjJondpnts
tanding to ecclpt ctangua molS r9i11dil) th~in lee oducated 0098
Ttfl date Indice ted t~ilt tlere was no CIOfInlEltion bt~ttl1m1n )gc QItd
sducation (I -db) t Impling no overlap 1n the variance aoountilc for
by the two voriablas 80 a multiple R was computed The ~ultiple R
between 8cores on the acale and E)ge and education was bullbulla About 16
of the variance on ttese 8cores is trus predictablo from age and
education
A 1 test using the formula for carrelatad observations I UlliS done
on t9 deta from the future nd present t1Bllles of tg sc-ale T-e
bullbull
29
-~---------=l GJ8d Schaal bull 6 High School 0- __0
S COlla amiddotmiddotmiddota i
4 yra Collage bull ibull
G_ Amiddot 7- 0
bull bull - - 0 JI bullbull bull N
a
laquo
Old 1l1ddla
AGE
riquE 1 Ian acorbullbull on the attitude Bcele or the foul lIducaUone1 lavl plotted againet eg The highsr ths cors on the aeale the are liberal 01 accepting or change are the reapondenta
lJ
Did Jj a dIIle 0 0 Yatal Il- --D
11
bull
1 2 3
poundDUCATIObullbullL~V[LS
1M a bull _ne the ttltwde elbullbullr th thne poupe plt1M11 lwl The hlp Uw _ on the ele the _n 111 01 --URe or h nepond_e
31
1 - oMbullbullbull 36~)l (p lt 111) 1ndl0U auort tor th hypol
that Cthollcbullbullre _rbullbullcoepting or chabullbull alrdy lMt1 tutad than
they 1 of future hypothlzd chang
U lOR IlOllDUAL nos
S ot the 1t_ in the ttltudbullbullcalbullbullr8 ot bullbulldl Intt
btlcauae thf rtl~ot tUtudU r bull IMt iltpartnett in th
Cetllo110 Churgt todey Itbullbull 6 11 13 end 16 hev be n anAlyzlld
IIDrtl ull y than thtt othr And 1 preted 1n th U1 our
fgur to how th ulte In tr d taU ttaaa 6 11 and 13
wre ~ the uture pert 0 the 8cal and it 16 1 the prt
pert 0 th ace1
lba t
f lIUr8 3 the pnta or Meh I Ihel 111 th 1t_
bull (Dlvo-rrr1d Ctho1icbullbullhou1d b p~tted to raciv the
bullbullonu illy C-uon van though thlr bullbullaond urlbullbullbull
1 inval1d according to na~al tndard) Ovral 61 ot the
r bullbullpond t bullbullbullreed that 01 involved ln invalld 111hould
bbullbull11_0 to rbullbulliv the aat rlgur 3 that ln ach
group at l t ~a~ ot the repond ahaI thl preibullbulliv attltudbullbull
In the youngr ana _1 educatd lrouP _lIIOt 7b~ or ttl raepondant bull
bull xpl dlt with pnnt polley Svnty-toUl IGent or th
rnat wlth a 0011 eduoat1an agreed to bull changbullbullbull d1d 68)11 0 th r8apondant undr thirty y or bullbullbullbull
32
Old Yaung
I~-- -gt- bullbullbull
56~ 5~
- 1
7t~ ~ ~
f
_IDIUJ fiayenr 3 Thl pen_tag 1n ROh II 1-inI _th It 6 J_ 6 Dlvolc- llbd Catha110bull bull haul It t Icl n aact ( otal1r -Uftlon) bull theulh nll bullbull cencI_1 1 bull lavU aoollldl to --
Gbullbull SohaDl
Call
33
DIIl1 rl 4 vee theu1t 0 the VllY itbull U (PII
ehould _t U ta _fty) OvU 57j or the ehUloh
Cthollbullbull 1ft 1 bullbulltud) Ind1oat that th dl with the Cethol1
ChulGhf poUe) 0 bullbull1J_ 0 h al St __ 0 th IIhUlGh _th bull 1tecI DOn aU_ 111 w1~
t pall SJn 1M 0 h young - dl
with t polla) ~ the yaur Cathctll0 wih bull DOll
eduoatlon ~ dlred wlh th 01011 polle
Hau (leuI 5 tivu Ue peentege 1ft -h tIlI wUh
It_ 13 (__ t VI all__ 0 I bullbullU) A t
mt dl wlth hi U 1 eu t be yl that h would
1n evo 0 heving _1 aly Jn the Cthta1la Chunn uno to 81_
wlth th Ita bullbull p 1 to vo the prt peltAl i al
th data thet the bullbullt _Jult 0 to accept prlbullbull at hI U OwaU 16 C d with the
lOhl~ltlon 0 1 al) Thl t-wo proan or hdeft with a eoU eductaU 1I1d with he plOhUalUan 0 _11ft pl bullbull
EducaUan bull- to IIbullbull Ill to In eooep 0 __ pllbullbull
heft
ll a (1 6 V hlta D th MI_ on 1- 11 (To a
catholl0 It 1 ft to ta1n an ye 0 U elel nh
cantHI dvlo end the W th aontnl pill) Th data h at
34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
- Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and practices correlated with age and education
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bullbull
29
-~---------=l GJ8d Schaal bull 6 High School 0- __0
S COlla amiddotmiddotmiddota i
4 yra Collage bull ibull
G_ Amiddot 7- 0
bull bull - - 0 JI bullbull bull N
a
laquo
Old 1l1ddla
AGE
riquE 1 Ian acorbullbull on the attitude Bcele or the foul lIducaUone1 lavl plotted againet eg The highsr ths cors on the aeale the are liberal 01 accepting or change are the reapondenta
lJ
Did Jj a dIIle 0 0 Yatal Il- --D
11
bull
1 2 3
poundDUCATIObullbullL~V[LS
1M a bull _ne the ttltwde elbullbullr th thne poupe plt1M11 lwl The hlp Uw _ on the ele the _n 111 01 --URe or h nepond_e
31
1 - oMbullbullbull 36~)l (p lt 111) 1ndl0U auort tor th hypol
that Cthollcbullbullre _rbullbullcoepting or chabullbull alrdy lMt1 tutad than
they 1 of future hypothlzd chang
U lOR IlOllDUAL nos
S ot the 1t_ in the ttltudbullbullcalbullbullr8 ot bullbulldl Intt
btlcauae thf rtl~ot tUtudU r bull IMt iltpartnett in th
Cetllo110 Churgt todey Itbullbull 6 11 13 end 16 hev be n anAlyzlld
IIDrtl ull y than thtt othr And 1 preted 1n th U1 our
fgur to how th ulte In tr d taU ttaaa 6 11 and 13
wre ~ the uture pert 0 the 8cal and it 16 1 the prt
pert 0 th ace1
lba t
f lIUr8 3 the pnta or Meh I Ihel 111 th 1t_
bull (Dlvo-rrr1d Ctho1icbullbullhou1d b p~tted to raciv the
bullbullonu illy C-uon van though thlr bullbullaond urlbullbullbull
1 inval1d according to na~al tndard) Ovral 61 ot the
r bullbullpond t bullbullbullreed that 01 involved ln invalld 111hould
bbullbull11_0 to rbullbulliv the aat rlgur 3 that ln ach
group at l t ~a~ ot the repond ahaI thl preibullbulliv attltudbullbull
In the youngr ana _1 educatd lrouP _lIIOt 7b~ or ttl raepondant bull
bull xpl dlt with pnnt polley Svnty-toUl IGent or th
rnat wlth a 0011 eduoat1an agreed to bull changbullbullbull d1d 68)11 0 th r8apondant undr thirty y or bullbullbullbull
32
Old Yaung
I~-- -gt- bullbullbull
56~ 5~
- 1
7t~ ~ ~
f
_IDIUJ fiayenr 3 Thl pen_tag 1n ROh II 1-inI _th It 6 J_ 6 Dlvolc- llbd Catha110bull bull haul It t Icl n aact ( otal1r -Uftlon) bull theulh nll bullbull cencI_1 1 bull lavU aoollldl to --
Gbullbull SohaDl
Call
33
DIIl1 rl 4 vee theu1t 0 the VllY itbull U (PII
ehould _t U ta _fty) OvU 57j or the ehUloh
Cthollbullbull 1ft 1 bullbulltud) Ind1oat that th dl with the Cethol1
ChulGhf poUe) 0 bullbull1J_ 0 h al St __ 0 th IIhUlGh _th bull 1tecI DOn aU_ 111 w1~
t pall SJn 1M 0 h young - dl
with t polla) ~ the yaur Cathctll0 wih bull DOll
eduoatlon ~ dlred wlh th 01011 polle
Hau (leuI 5 tivu Ue peentege 1ft -h tIlI wUh
It_ 13 (__ t VI all__ 0 I bullbullU) A t
mt dl wlth hi U 1 eu t be yl that h would
1n evo 0 heving _1 aly Jn the Cthta1la Chunn uno to 81_
wlth th Ita bullbull p 1 to vo the prt peltAl i al
th data thet the bullbullt _Jult 0 to accept prlbullbull at hI U OwaU 16 C d with the
lOhl~ltlon 0 1 al) Thl t-wo proan or hdeft with a eoU eductaU 1I1d with he plOhUalUan 0 _11ft pl bullbull
EducaUan bull- to IIbullbull Ill to In eooep 0 __ pllbullbull
heft
ll a (1 6 V hlta D th MI_ on 1- 11 (To a
catholl0 It 1 ft to ta1n an ye 0 U elel nh
cantHI dvlo end the W th aontnl pill) Th data h at
34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
- Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and practices correlated with age and education
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lJ
Did Jj a dIIle 0 0 Yatal Il- --D
11
bull
1 2 3
poundDUCATIObullbullL~V[LS
1M a bull _ne the ttltwde elbullbullr th thne poupe plt1M11 lwl The hlp Uw _ on the ele the _n 111 01 --URe or h nepond_e
31
1 - oMbullbullbull 36~)l (p lt 111) 1ndl0U auort tor th hypol
that Cthollcbullbullre _rbullbullcoepting or chabullbull alrdy lMt1 tutad than
they 1 of future hypothlzd chang
U lOR IlOllDUAL nos
S ot the 1t_ in the ttltudbullbullcalbullbullr8 ot bullbulldl Intt
btlcauae thf rtl~ot tUtudU r bull IMt iltpartnett in th
Cetllo110 Churgt todey Itbullbull 6 11 13 end 16 hev be n anAlyzlld
IIDrtl ull y than thtt othr And 1 preted 1n th U1 our
fgur to how th ulte In tr d taU ttaaa 6 11 and 13
wre ~ the uture pert 0 the 8cal and it 16 1 the prt
pert 0 th ace1
lba t
f lIUr8 3 the pnta or Meh I Ihel 111 th 1t_
bull (Dlvo-rrr1d Ctho1icbullbullhou1d b p~tted to raciv the
bullbullonu illy C-uon van though thlr bullbullaond urlbullbullbull
1 inval1d according to na~al tndard) Ovral 61 ot the
r bullbullpond t bullbullbullreed that 01 involved ln invalld 111hould
bbullbull11_0 to rbullbulliv the aat rlgur 3 that ln ach
group at l t ~a~ ot the repond ahaI thl preibullbulliv attltudbullbull
In the youngr ana _1 educatd lrouP _lIIOt 7b~ or ttl raepondant bull
bull xpl dlt with pnnt polley Svnty-toUl IGent or th
rnat wlth a 0011 eduoat1an agreed to bull changbullbullbull d1d 68)11 0 th r8apondant undr thirty y or bullbullbullbull
32
Old Yaung
I~-- -gt- bullbullbull
56~ 5~
- 1
7t~ ~ ~
f
_IDIUJ fiayenr 3 Thl pen_tag 1n ROh II 1-inI _th It 6 J_ 6 Dlvolc- llbd Catha110bull bull haul It t Icl n aact ( otal1r -Uftlon) bull theulh nll bullbull cencI_1 1 bull lavU aoollldl to --
Gbullbull SohaDl
Call
33
DIIl1 rl 4 vee theu1t 0 the VllY itbull U (PII
ehould _t U ta _fty) OvU 57j or the ehUloh
Cthollbullbull 1ft 1 bullbulltud) Ind1oat that th dl with the Cethol1
ChulGhf poUe) 0 bullbull1J_ 0 h al St __ 0 th IIhUlGh _th bull 1tecI DOn aU_ 111 w1~
t pall SJn 1M 0 h young - dl
with t polla) ~ the yaur Cathctll0 wih bull DOll
eduoatlon ~ dlred wlh th 01011 polle
Hau (leuI 5 tivu Ue peentege 1ft -h tIlI wUh
It_ 13 (__ t VI all__ 0 I bullbullU) A t
mt dl wlth hi U 1 eu t be yl that h would
1n evo 0 heving _1 aly Jn the Cthta1la Chunn uno to 81_
wlth th Ita bullbull p 1 to vo the prt peltAl i al
th data thet the bullbullt _Jult 0 to accept prlbullbull at hI U OwaU 16 C d with the
lOhl~ltlon 0 1 al) Thl t-wo proan or hdeft with a eoU eductaU 1I1d with he plOhUalUan 0 _11ft pl bullbull
EducaUan bull- to IIbullbull Ill to In eooep 0 __ pllbullbull
heft
ll a (1 6 V hlta D th MI_ on 1- 11 (To a
catholl0 It 1 ft to ta1n an ye 0 U elel nh
cantHI dvlo end the W th aontnl pill) Th data h at
34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
- Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and practices correlated with age and education
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31
1 - oMbullbullbull 36~)l (p lt 111) 1ndl0U auort tor th hypol
that Cthollcbullbullre _rbullbullcoepting or chabullbull alrdy lMt1 tutad than
they 1 of future hypothlzd chang
U lOR IlOllDUAL nos
S ot the 1t_ in the ttltudbullbullcalbullbullr8 ot bullbulldl Intt
btlcauae thf rtl~ot tUtudU r bull IMt iltpartnett in th
Cetllo110 Churgt todey Itbullbull 6 11 13 end 16 hev be n anAlyzlld
IIDrtl ull y than thtt othr And 1 preted 1n th U1 our
fgur to how th ulte In tr d taU ttaaa 6 11 and 13
wre ~ the uture pert 0 the 8cal and it 16 1 the prt
pert 0 th ace1
lba t
f lIUr8 3 the pnta or Meh I Ihel 111 th 1t_
bull (Dlvo-rrr1d Ctho1icbullbullhou1d b p~tted to raciv the
bullbullonu illy C-uon van though thlr bullbullaond urlbullbullbull
1 inval1d according to na~al tndard) Ovral 61 ot the
r bullbullpond t bullbullbullreed that 01 involved ln invalld 111hould
bbullbull11_0 to rbullbulliv the aat rlgur 3 that ln ach
group at l t ~a~ ot the repond ahaI thl preibullbulliv attltudbullbull
In the youngr ana _1 educatd lrouP _lIIOt 7b~ or ttl raepondant bull
bull xpl dlt with pnnt polley Svnty-toUl IGent or th
rnat wlth a 0011 eduoat1an agreed to bull changbullbullbull d1d 68)11 0 th r8apondant undr thirty y or bullbullbullbull
32
Old Yaung
I~-- -gt- bullbullbull
56~ 5~
- 1
7t~ ~ ~
f
_IDIUJ fiayenr 3 Thl pen_tag 1n ROh II 1-inI _th It 6 J_ 6 Dlvolc- llbd Catha110bull bull haul It t Icl n aact ( otal1r -Uftlon) bull theulh nll bullbull cencI_1 1 bull lavU aoollldl to --
Gbullbull SohaDl
Call
33
DIIl1 rl 4 vee theu1t 0 the VllY itbull U (PII
ehould _t U ta _fty) OvU 57j or the ehUloh
Cthollbullbull 1ft 1 bullbulltud) Ind1oat that th dl with the Cethol1
ChulGhf poUe) 0 bullbull1J_ 0 h al St __ 0 th IIhUlGh _th bull 1tecI DOn aU_ 111 w1~
t pall SJn 1M 0 h young - dl
with t polla) ~ the yaur Cathctll0 wih bull DOll
eduoatlon ~ dlred wlh th 01011 polle
Hau (leuI 5 tivu Ue peentege 1ft -h tIlI wUh
It_ 13 (__ t VI all__ 0 I bullbullU) A t
mt dl wlth hi U 1 eu t be yl that h would
1n evo 0 heving _1 aly Jn the Cthta1la Chunn uno to 81_
wlth th Ita bullbull p 1 to vo the prt peltAl i al
th data thet the bullbullt _Jult 0 to accept prlbullbull at hI U OwaU 16 C d with the
lOhl~ltlon 0 1 al) Thl t-wo proan or hdeft with a eoU eductaU 1I1d with he plOhUalUan 0 _11ft pl bullbull
EducaUan bull- to IIbullbull Ill to In eooep 0 __ pllbullbull
heft
ll a (1 6 V hlta D th MI_ on 1- 11 (To a
catholl0 It 1 ft to ta1n an ye 0 U elel nh
cantHI dvlo end the W th aontnl pill) Th data h at
34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
- Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and practices correlated with age and education
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32
Old Yaung
I~-- -gt- bullbullbull
56~ 5~
- 1
7t~ ~ ~
f
_IDIUJ fiayenr 3 Thl pen_tag 1n ROh II 1-inI _th It 6 J_ 6 Dlvolc- llbd Catha110bull bull haul It t Icl n aact ( otal1r -Uftlon) bull theulh nll bullbull cencI_1 1 bull lavU aoollldl to --
Gbullbull SohaDl
Call
33
DIIl1 rl 4 vee theu1t 0 the VllY itbull U (PII
ehould _t U ta _fty) OvU 57j or the ehUloh
Cthollbullbull 1ft 1 bullbulltud) Ind1oat that th dl with the Cethol1
ChulGhf poUe) 0 bullbull1J_ 0 h al St __ 0 th IIhUlGh _th bull 1tecI DOn aU_ 111 w1~
t pall SJn 1M 0 h young - dl
with t polla) ~ the yaur Cathctll0 wih bull DOll
eduoatlon ~ dlred wlh th 01011 polle
Hau (leuI 5 tivu Ue peentege 1ft -h tIlI wUh
It_ 13 (__ t VI all__ 0 I bullbullU) A t
mt dl wlth hi U 1 eu t be yl that h would
1n evo 0 heving _1 aly Jn the Cthta1la Chunn uno to 81_
wlth th Ita bullbull p 1 to vo the prt peltAl i al
th data thet the bullbullt _Jult 0 to accept prlbullbull at hI U OwaU 16 C d with the
lOhl~ltlon 0 1 al) Thl t-wo proan or hdeft with a eoU eductaU 1I1d with he plOhUalUan 0 _11ft pl bullbull
EducaUan bull- to IIbullbull Ill to In eooep 0 __ pllbullbull
heft
ll a (1 6 V hlta D th MI_ on 1- 11 (To a
catholl0 It 1 ft to ta1n an ye 0 U elel nh
cantHI dvlo end the W th aontnl pill) Th data h at
34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
- Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and practices correlated with age and education
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33
DIIl1 rl 4 vee theu1t 0 the VllY itbull U (PII
ehould _t U ta _fty) OvU 57j or the ehUloh
Cthollbullbull 1ft 1 bullbulltud) Ind1oat that th dl with the Cethol1
ChulGhf poUe) 0 bullbull1J_ 0 h al St __ 0 th IIhUlGh _th bull 1tecI DOn aU_ 111 w1~
t pall SJn 1M 0 h young - dl
with t polla) ~ the yaur Cathctll0 wih bull DOll
eduoatlon ~ dlred wlh th 01011 polle
Hau (leuI 5 tivu Ue peentege 1ft -h tIlI wUh
It_ 13 (__ t VI all__ 0 I bullbullU) A t
mt dl wlth hi U 1 eu t be yl that h would
1n evo 0 heving _1 aly Jn the Cthta1la Chunn uno to 81_
wlth th Ita bullbull p 1 to vo the prt peltAl i al
th data thet the bullbullt _Jult 0 to accept prlbullbull at hI U OwaU 16 C d with the
lOhl~ltlon 0 1 al) Thl t-wo proan or hdeft with a eoU eductaU 1I1d with he plOhUalUan 0 _11ft pl bullbull
EducaUan bull- to IIbullbull Ill to In eooep 0 __ pllbullbull
heft
ll a (1 6 V hlta D th MI_ on 1- 11 (To a
catholl0 It 1 ft to ta1n an ye 0 U elel nh
cantHI dvlo end the W th aontnl pill) Th data h at
34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
- Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and practices correlated with age and education
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34
Old
31
3~
D
lidd1bull
1 j r 62~ 1
I
56~ 6~
71~ I6n
lirad School
High School
~~ 1I
47 ~ I 1 College
l ~+-l~_ ----+----U
Se
81
4 yrbullbull College
r iAUEe The percentage in _ch gnup diegredng with it_ 11 It 111 Priet ehould not ba all_ad to urry
35
Old 11ddl
~------
High School
lS~
ftaMr sect The percentage 1n Hch glOUP cU1H1ng 1th U bull 13 Ubull 131 _ IIUtIt nlV1 b elld to baaa I1te
36
Old liddle Yaung r---- ~ ~~-~-~~-_~u~ laquo~ ~~~~I~_~-_middot -tl t ~J4 ~~1~ ~r bullIU~t1l 1fgyen
sect 81 7SJ
- ~-~ -t---- -~
i
86~ f O~
I ~ j
__ 1JlJ
Grad School
High School
5- College
4 yr bullbull Collg
Fiqur 6 Th prcntge in bullbullch graup d1aagrHing with it 16 It 161 To bbullbull good Cthol1c it i ncbullbullbullbullry to rrain ra ny ubullbull 0 rtiicil birth contral dvicbullbull and the birth control pill
37
nU 0 hdaftt do not _ept hl 1tea A y
and hllhly educatd Ctholic only 11 poanta acoapt h bull
bull lolal poal1on 0 th ChuIch bidding 8 1lclal adlth aon~l
Even the 1dbullbullt and 1 ducaed g-up he ~ eJeclng th
t1_1 wch1ft1 th ChuIDh Ellhty_n p or thbull
1I1th bull ool1aga Uon do t acot he CttuIoh
poeiUo
OtAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND I~PLICATI0NS
I CEIpoundRAt DISQJSSION
ov~ 97~ or th ~eponden~ (lJl~ out or 134) Lurne~
quaationnalr that art coapletd in 81) detail The 10111 parcn~OI
Dr lncoaplo~ returns 8hcwa ~t6t ~~dh-gol Catholics arn not ~dvr
to ropcrtlng their ulo an the Itea ot t~A acela 5gv~rnl or t~e
quoet1onnlre contn 1nod r_rke b) ~hfl respondente indlceUnQ tfoir
approvel ot ttbullbullUhY No algn1rtcant nOFUvrr renarks 01amp found
1n ths data ThoBo rceult indictu thct rllg1aua ttltude research
undr oandlt1ana or ecelealeUeal approvel 2nd during ctlurct Glvicbullbull
bull 10ht b8 very RUCDGbullbullful oang Catholic end even other rellglou
group At l t the Cattlol1ca In this atud) bullbull18 vn) cooperative
Dnd lntrbullbullt~c In the rr~arch
Tho ~clvancn 0 the lt~8 end the liencE ot t~fi f~11Iiaubull
bull toaph to be cenditlona t ~ led the H rChar to obta1n
r aGllpl~ault ~hen _11)lt pbullbulllbl in cl1 payoholot
tueU Alao 1~ uh~ b ~~ the prnt unortan t or ra1111_
dlc1p11ne and inc11ne ppl to Inttad In both
ari th1r i_ and l rntng the v1_ ot thair tall_
Wi (196amp) hIa oon~aftdad th it 1 pbullbullbulllbl to dlatlftguleh
en OOM~vUve lJra1 at1udbullbull to_ GUlnnt 1dnd
thbullbullbulliting intltut1ene and cutobullbull any individual reliliou IroUP
Th _1 r Ute p _Mi - 1_
0 In to a_ Cthollc _ aurul ln eMIIll thbull
rchr 1ntl dl1Uon ch-te1
Cetholioe TN re ha d a to 20 the bullbull1
d bullbull he both vry 111181 end V ODMvaUV Chollabull
bull tlll hlp togthe
Thlat1Oft bteen coree aft th attitude bullbullbull1 8Rd
bull31 Vaung1 1bullbull1bullbull11ft1noently U 0 chMt
18 old popl Thlta 1ndJ hat 11l1oubullbullttitudbullbull
have uch in aon 1h he 11 tludebullbull1AO lAd an
lncat GOftveUv t 1n lnoe1 Th coleU_ bn 00 an th altud al atld 1
_ 26ad t8 cUd ln ao a bull _ _r
raed11y han 1tad H a11111Itudbullbull app
have _hi ln 00__ _wih her HOial at1ud tha
ph_aou
Pymiddot (1166) ta tha _t Wel1bullbull a1tud
1ncral aenenatbullbullith ino1 1d tN atully
0 UI1aue titud hat Uon _Suite (l96S)
auec1a1 _ U 1 titudbullbull oweid leUI1M 1n paduabull
bulltucI Th Pl tudy - ha h __ ph pnt
ln bull popullon hII ven a r lIIfuoaU-l
Th ~ ~ h da the -utura- and middotpn- hllva
0 hbullbullbull1 11_ 0 h ypothl1 that Cathellce ar
_ a_ti 0 cheng alnady Md than thy 8 0 hypohbullbull1a
a
40
I 1U_ ta thet 141 bull 1Iot to ohaRt- 1ft Vl
Ctholic Church 11) l bullbull~ lh Church The prRt lUdy or no
dirct videnc Oft thio _ttr 1 CMIly ahurah-tlOing Ca~io _n
tudled H_vr thbullbullbull d nt 1111 lct that 1
0 verylng delrbullbullbull 0 bullt 0 n1bullbullUll repted 1n
01d1nay Sunday t1_
Th thr patI10Uana In lIet1nn1ng thl tudy bullbullr uppot
II) the det Chuch-ping CthOll0bullbull_ II _ _pUnt 0 ohange alnedy The ty n eSlot lct 0 why th1
1 althauth itbullbull11ht It 1 to hypotha1a that l1rU)
wlth h ohangbullbullbullnd t 0 eutholty a involVed bullbull
PraoU_ll t h 111UOft 0 aoolee1t1aal uthality In th ta
1 thet ahurohra do acet ohangbullbull _n nacUly aM thy r
lnaUtut Th data II1Plt that _ bullbullr the _tIOWUy that 1 bull
nt _en llp ahra dlaua __bullbull 1 1IIpO oneo the oh hav It _de and people In to ltv w1 th th_
Th prditlon tha youneo people would aoept h radlly ftft oldr people bullbull aleo au~ed th coelation bet
bullbullbull and oar on the ttttudbullbullt lta1Jl Thl bullbullwlt 1e In Ial
_ant 1th th1 tud1bullbull 0 _lal ttnw 10 on oan do IlUDh
about th 0 ahunh1 papl ltut the dete t tht ahach
authrtbullbullbull1ht have auoo In lnatltuti dierentlal chengbullbull
fr the v81_ age gnup Old ohulOh er wight II _ oontent
to llv out th1 11vbullbull aceOldl to trdiUonl whll young
oould plIIJttad th ohe thy dbullbulll Thi 1 adll1itSly
not al_y Y to llah 1n PIIICUo ltut eo r 0 1n
41
Catholic 11 have albullbully ~ -d ~ _11 CathDlloe and the
1bl11 ty or _ 1111 thl O~ ved aroupe hao
atbullbull
Tho p~ed1ol tha ~ oduoatl0 ~oled to a tr
accept or ah100 _ uppo~ted by h nault Th _nloIM
caU aftCI ao~ the atltUdtt 1bullbullbullbullbull26 11na bull
bullducatlon h alay been encou~ed by th Ca~lle ChurCh In the
Unied Statbullbull alld aen D urther dwlaped OU~ t IIlpt be dd to
uppo~t tho value or the edaUonal vo~ 1r n111 auho~1tlbullbull
bull 1 bull to Iftrluono peep 11v SinO auoed peop1bullbullre
acoaptlng or ohaftg lI1ht xpect h 1ft bull caapi plu1110
001y bull ~llloua up lIlth highly eduoated people would be
bullbullptebl thoft nup 0 I oded -1bull n DJCUSIIO or 10[ JIOIJOUAamp ITta
UIai
It 6 (DlvoOed-~ld Catho110bullbullhould II_t 0
v the bullbullbulln_to olll11y C_unloft veII th thel~ eaGIICI
_rrlabullbull 1 invlid _aconl 0 1 rd) tapa bull y 1t_t
a or 1111 1no it to _~1 _o1dead bull
bull aOnaMlt or ect 1 Illy Ctholic lw 3liv the
pnonta CthoU In bullbullch nd adaUonel ned 1th tho It_ bullbullbulltatad TradlU_lly Ctholic do no 0 and bullbullrd UAl one ot th pou In a r1It rrla hI diad
Hbullbullvr todey t A_rLoan Caholl0 Ulbullbull hlvbullbull_ lat1v 0
cl rlend Involv In eoond ~labullbullven thouGh bull 1bullbull paubullbull
i 11vlo AcoDldl Cathollo tholaeloul prlnotpl hla 1
42
caone1dend an 1naUd alll ThI plty 1 bullbullbulllftt Utbullbulleoand
11 i CIH bullbulla__oaUon loh 1011 1bullbull ln th
d_1al or thbullbullbull0 0111Y C_un1on to tnU who
ant th lnvalid al
Th ohuIoh-go1 CethoUo in tn It wdy too 1ndicat
thIt ha ld 11k to bullbull bull _ po11oy in hi _ Overall 6~
0 the epondant that 1 involved in invalid 1bullbullbullbull
aheuld b a11bullbulld t IealvbullbullM fJtu 3 ah_ that In aaoh
t 1 50~ th napondtbullbullha thl bull sbullbulllvbullbullttlv
1ft th y and _1 troup 81_t thl th
raponcleM tIt_ wlth the p t pollo)
Thi It 1bullbull11Mt1_nt 1 tUtudM towald a- n
l tnt tbullbully 181 oup bullbull0111Y dl1naup Tha __
t lie bull to1nna Vitlon th Ulou t up by eMoh
authodty di _ 1 Thl1bullbull_ to be in 1111 Idth
ttl _ lan1ant and to1nnt wl_ t 0 00000d _1leea by
IMllean people in 1 S 1t tht nlllou att1tudd
_11 a c1bullbulld related to ra1 tUId _1 11 the
ov11 cult
Abullbull _tt pt pollcy 11 Ceho11bullbull lnvolv ln bull Mod
Ifta11d 1 an unabl to 1 1tl_t1) aalv the bullbullo~t 1n
th II Catho110 Chu ah y The Hault 0 thlbullbulltuety gaet that
y pnoUoing Ctholl0a not 1n _nt Id th hl pella) Abullbull
_tt 0 eot 1n hOt Y the It _ di_1oft or thl
p1Ob1 ln th Chvah INt no ln 11 oy b _d Ov
dat Indiot that l 111ou autholti to ~t peop1 1n
43
bullbullcond rrlbullbull to thbullbullacr-nt thy would ind conldrablbullbullupport
ang church-Qoing Catholic or thi radlcel changbullbull
ll li
figur 4 givbullbull the reult or the urvey or It 11 (Pribullbullt bull
bull hould not b all_II to _rry) Ovn11 i7- 0 th r Nlant
inc31011t tNt they IIIl111Vr 111 th the prt polloy 0 tory
cllbaoy or tN olI9Y Ag th youngr catholicbullbull1th 8 coll
education 8~ dillllVrbullbullbullith the olclal polley Thi 1ttr 0 __ ll1pOrtanca 1nc the clI9Y 1 rcruitd th renke 0 youngar aucated Cathollc Tto tudy IN11cata that the prt
hortag 0 Catholic alrgy alght due to the ChtIIdI t a ina1atenca
upon cUbaey a bull cGNUtiOft of the pr1thood It 1 ca_ kno1adg
ln oc181 sclano that paopl ar vry auch inlueneed by tha vibullbull 0 thor panbullbullnd It 1 clr hat young educet_ CthoUc do not
upport tory ellbacy or the clrIY Oldr and 1 ducted
CatholIc ar auch 1 Incllned to accept 8 _nld oleIY Thi i
el_a- froa the pre ln fi 4 The e an proly bullbullrl
raaon 0 thia ut 1 t bullbull_ that Cathollc vn vry conciou
0 th unaarrled statue of thir clI9Y and have an pnull 0 thi
raet Ir _Nlatory cllbacy 18 not lnaltad upon ln the utu it lI1eht
b lavl1_t to dadua na the data that It RUlli be or clibat
pdbullbullta to b van th ca a old Catholica In ra a f lbl
and _rdd cl) alened to th ea a ar your 1bullbull
Th attitudbullbull 0 eatholla toward alical cellbaoy are probably
alao Hlatad to othr aclal attltudbullbull aNI valu In COUAtribullbull 11k
1011a CMeda and the United Stat r thtlon 0 clerlcal
44
Galiy hea 11_ undr oritioa1 tion far tlIIa tha a
clarg~n af othar denaination Who ~r~id and raceiv the
bull btu and acctanobullbullbull Raan Ctholic pdbullbullt In tha count~i
t i ubullbull cli_a) 1 auch aD clUCil tohn In tradltio11y
catholio countribullbull lIke ltalnet Spain lind ltal) The ptbullbullent dIlta
offr no diract evidencbullbull but bullbullbulli~t h~ptha1z that Ctholic ra1d
thir r1101ou attltud In ccordance wIth thelr I1vlO bull rlencbullbullbull
It would be int~bullbullt1no to bullbullpl a roup 0 Ctholic living 1n
whl _n) rliolorae Intendngl and anoth~ group 1n al In whteh
Cathollo Nd pnctlcall) no contact wlth othr olerlyn lr W8 ound
aJgnlrtcant dirano it llilht provlda bullbulla videnca 01 the
hypothala
lSaU
Hlura fa v tha pate in _ah tROUP dl1ng Itl th
1- 13 (w 1Nat vr be all to prita) 01artng
wiUl ttli It_ lapl1bullbull tt the Iaaportdant -ald wiUl to accept
a -1a oly Th data Indicat tohat aut r t ar o~ th
_to part rr to accept __ pllbullbulltbullbullt tha prt ubull
Ovrall only 1~ dtrd wIth the prohibitIon 0 -1 cly
rilur 5 atao that anly aaone th hilht educatd CatholIcbull auld
thrvan bull all11M1 acceptanc or _1 clrIY Aoataftc rangbullbull
rt 01 In ana t~oup to 35~ In tha yaungbullbull t and _t highly educat
troup bullbullvr van ttll __nt 0 aoaaptanc 1 rathr aurpdung
whn one conlda th act tNt 1 than ten yra 0 AD an had van
bullbullrioua1) propoaad the plbl11ty 0 _1 pribullbull t In the Raan
Ctholic Church
45
Thbullbull 0 hbullbulliudy uppat the huIoh tAh_itibullbull bull oont UOft
that t MAt ~hollc peoplbullbull1 IIt1Idlll9 to hv al 119 At th _ t1_ the percenta of thtao a you and _
lIChICtad Ifho do andorH tta id 0 bull bullbull 10 cl lndloatbullbull t
PIIhItp the U 111 0 when the 10_ ill NV to ba taken _
bullbulldoul Sino it ttlil attudbullbull an elato to
othoel1 tlYdbullbullbull lt ught be IIdvl1 fa ChUloh wtholtia 0
011ow the ow bullt tt bull I 1111t1Oft v-nt 0 clubullbull to the
ruty 1t 10 b lntU to take tta prnt 1t_ nd
ladatnltr 1 t in flva Hr to if the of peoplbullbull aoupt
bull r_l clI 1110
J1II1I
Fitu 6 glvbullbull h rault a thbullbullurvy an It 16 (T ba bull QDOd
Cathollc It 1 nac_ry to ain _ any ubullbull 0 tlticl1 lI1 th
oontlOl dav1ga and u llia-th oontnl pl11) The data he v)
iln1fioat The ioial Cthol1c pa1tlon bullbull expaunded b the Pap
and Dthap 0 the Ca~llc C~oh 1 that t1f1a11 1I1th oontol
an klnd i -11 The data how that n of ttlpondt eta not
accept thl -I y8UIII and _ educted Cathallc _1 bull v
-11 pQ8fttaea (lett OJ 1 ) accept ttl 01011 polu poundvn the
oldbullbullt and l t ted I~ hM U aJeotJ the tncUtJonal
t-hing Tnt 1t _ icluded 1n the prt hal 0 tha -1 amptao fls y pl1t 1n the paih llinity NV aecptMl bl th
CIOntol bullbull l lti_t and hence n Catholiobullbull11 that bullbulla
0 ln Catholic t chl haG DCOUlIad It _ t b that uno
th hlght authorlt1bullbull have not glvn ny Invl to bull ch in
46
Church tnohing that thtt It bel an the future half of the clllbullbull
TM tudy lnaluded 1 t prt of the prt cal and 1 t appeu
if thl JudgMnt h bullbull bn valldated by the date
TM Itbullbull agaln offr 11101 upport to tha contntlon
that r1111ou attltudbullbullbull1 relted to othr oclal ttltud Sexual
nom have undrganbullbull not-tao-qult rvolution ln _dcan oclty nd
the rapondnt ttltudbullbull tord birth control rf1ct thl rvolution
The fct that 0 _ny of the r bullbullpondant dlr_ with offlcial
po11cy whl1 bullbullti11 ttandlng bullbullrvlcbullbull ragulrly alao utIt that any
Ctho11c ohurchlora acoept the t_chlng uthorl ty of the Pop and
blhop but only to bull 111tad dalr Our date offal no dlrot wldc
on thl _ttar but thy bullbullt that a tudy of ho Cathollc vlbullbull
authorlty auld b lntrbullbulltlt the prnt tlbullbull ln the CathDllc
Church
I G Plpprt (11) rapert that eoclo1001cal tudy by
tt ltiona1 Oplnlon R bullbullbullbulllCh Ctr not that thr a_ to be
11ttl ruan to doubt tht auPPOlt --g the c1rgy for the Church
t_ohlng on birth control and divorc 1ni The report albull
bull tet that Cthollc pdbullbullt bullbull1 blng upportad ln thlr dMd
to _lly by thlr prlhonr The dte of thl prbullbullnt tudy of churchshy
golng Catho11c aha _a 11ght on thbullbullbull rport If the tudy 1 bull
bull ccuratbullbull future vantbullbullhould upport the dta and conelulon that
have b bullbulln dran fr th_ uncbullbullbullftr all the acolal cuntlt
contnd that pop1 action have bullbullbull rltion to thlr ttltud
1
II I bull rUllltEIL bullbullMOI Il0l1111 LIT [5
Th nt tuII OOlle1Uonal ItA the wlt
lnd1ate t 1 at tuau airt _t 11111
1tUIIIN undouilUdly thwlt at _n lUftI _11_1_t
all 0 lIh10h an aro11lbl th tdtlft Wely 1__ that
at oheDl1 1 Uon 1 related bullbull _ Ung tUtud
t-n Altheu1h aUM lIUAted onl 10~ Ut bull
1 ln au thl1 Juett wthettu to
1nvbullbullUt the relat1onehlp A__ t educU bull
bull tltude 0 Uon CeftbullVt that
nUl 1_ bullbullbull c_1ft P 0 U 0 c_ I1vl le 1 0 e 11th _
_ 1_ 0 oU to 1ft1e wahl
CahUeo auld II d
The rnt up would lie te bullbullk thy pl_ bull
wndtak the The n 0 - p udy ehauld
help aIIW h_ el 111 populaUM lIIIaly bull -11
dloa woul II 0 IIIMI 0 1lht 1_bullbulldec 1ft tlhlch the t1U1111bullbullGampl could lie dIlII1teed An COIIpUtl
th the eaalbullbull the pa1eh_ oould _tatted 1 bull
control ad reurill_tel The lMn_l llOUP coul
lie 11v ettuaUtWIal alte 5undIIY 0 bull i ru tlh10h amploUt oould r lftlM shy
t1tudbullbulleal III1rrennobullbull noted
Ttd 1 altvily bull Ughly oontnlld l y rlW
tudy bu l __ 1 1 II w1 thln _th pncUcal MIl thlcal
11111 idlbullbull In thl Ieel 11 aUloft cn 101
1Nt 1 bull swte vic OM It cboll thUII v
ue _ Id 0 the cUv__ at the progna
SinG Hcial peahal dealbullbullr wl~ ampGUll IMtNvlDJ ttwn
othr r 0 yahloln Dftd th _thode uti dt lnd ttIl bullbull
t Ught labantbull bull rlftl aant1D1 Hbullbullver 1r acial oII1ftU
lah to aanut bullbullbullrs-nt autaid the latIIorat lleginnifta t
__ with the t aontlOl tNt ar not precluded by _nl and
lIIctical cona1MntlOM The tnfomeUon gathered ~ aft i t iv
eduoaUOMl It auch a the an p could be vely ubullbullul
and practical or people Intted 1ft eel 11 control 0 relilaue
attitud If en educaUoMl PIO1M can trwr _ people n
accepU 0 c 1t can cotM bull usful teDl wheft ch in a
nlill 1UtuUon Maca c1
Rup_ authelUbullbull and church-gDil people beth vry
coapUv In P tudy I a _1bullbulllM or a
ot pnaUcal nllUlte It lI1ht be 1111 to lMun urth
eoapenU
r1nally ~ibullbullWy plOVlded a anel at cte II1lh
prov ul 1ft urlft1 the attltud towad 11t1~ change ovr
U Since prftt eaona ar 11_1 thi CItIle it _uld
_ibl to readll1n1ter the cal in twelvtNt and aur chengbullbull
avr ti 1ft th reeponcsntamiddot tt1tudbullbullbull
unRDlcts
Il10 Tbullbullbullbull yaluc [ bullbull Lv1 O l bullbull end I I n AM_riMa 1h I YoIte_ I bullbull 1150
All_ E [ I I ractol in liettt1 or1IIdel ill at I19M pugbllmiddoty 1111 a 265-213
AUtIOt G At1tude In C 1ufttU (Ed) I MrO 7 SrM byctw1aay CI_UI 10-3Cl_k w lSi
lIylbullbull I 11111 ViAMC L bull1 1951
Aeah s E 1F1l flychg1ppy I Vodel PUo11 l1S2
lean C T yabolog heMoe Ut old 0 _eptanc IIIUta JetampMl I ial Py 111 t M0-raquo2bull
a CelJMtnUon lbI 1- IiM bullwX If h An Uti of 11t_ur It bull c1
81011ft tIysbtlpay I Voitel 1e
cpIaall A JM BrcM a Vortea U 110
CMt111 M ([d) teup pPampn1n 11 - lM P 1_ PllnatM Uftlv 1111
CoepeI l I 3 L 11 IiD01I If IFl peSMY VOIkl ScIn lt56
e L bull 1 hI vJdInc 11ft t end Nt dem MIl ysbt1ep1w 777 1150w 3-31
01 l E PaychoJ8IY 0 al1etan In G Liftd E A__ (pound41) H t If eI pm (VIIl 5) CtIIIItI1 1__1 1
_U L AX_o If PI-aw I Vodel IOft 1111
Mungbullbull 1 bullbull lI1ea1c I 3 and SeNob s twa _hiamp111 Untv or linn bullbullbull 1561_-l1
rlcht~ 3 H The oUa of Catho11c II1J01 lJ AplEiclIlwfawl It IISII 1152 a 145-14
Godin A E bullbull end ne1tanc to h eeibullbullUfic cholot or lilian Ltmiddot y 1164 ampI 11-202
50
H y A P feth i _ra t bull l p 1n the Ik JJa 1969bull I 6
Howlend ~ I lenla t L nd KIIIY tI~ ~8Iyn1~ton nd PVIll Landon Oold Unh Pre 1953
Kt O and StoUend [ A PlIUtIlnaly atat_ent to bull thlolY 0 tt1tuca tIU~tUII and chen In S Kooh (Ed) eycholMyt A t) bull gllDel (101 3) I York IcCn-ttl11 159
Kllay H H SlliancB 0 rthip nd lel1tanc8 to ching or 9nup-Whored tt1tuda H-n II1gDl 1950 bull I 275-289
telallar C A bullbull Collinl 8 pound Of end BUtI N WtusI ww1 A ~rJtJtl Analya Dr TtAreUcal Amgh bull YOIIeI llI1lay 1969
Kllch D and Crutchfield R S ThaNy ad 1 A 1e1N Paycholpay N Yorle cGra~111 198
pola c H Thl OOllPlIt1VI IUlcapt1b1lity or tlae Ilvela to the IUQQlaUon af nup vIIa lwpelt apinion letA 0 Sll Paye~logy 1133 A 116-186
_bullbulle T I bullbull Turnar R 11 Canvelal P [ 6AII1 Uholy Y_le ttolt Rlhat 1165
PlppIt bullbull C TN Ibg t 11 16 1171
Pope L atill_d I PbachlCI I HVI Cam I y1 Uni v Pr 12
Plbullbullbullbully s G PlycbRl0p1rN DIVII_at Ibrh hI Llr Sbullbull1lI York Huper end 1_ 157
Ryder I 8 bull nd I tor C f Ubullbull a ra1 contraceptlan ln th Unitd Statbullbullbull 1965 $c1lnpbullbull 1966 w U-1205
5hbullbullI R I bull rid Cntera I ourrlnel ln ttitudinal 1bull und ~ondltion or ip11clt1~ aanlpu1alld group ltenee ~IDII r PclQDllltv Sgcl1 Pycblgu 1910 11 125-132
Strtc R On thl incOllPtUuut~ or religion and etancel a Ulve~
a A_dean gnduate atudnt JI Ir lh 591Oc 5tydX AC RM1VID 1963 1 3-20
Staur S A C-bullbullbull CrpnY and iyl1 LIbrt1- I Yatu Oaub1day 1955
Th I 1 and Znen1ockl F Tbt PIIt pMft~ 1n [YI AgrAq BOlton I ladg_r 1918-1920
51
lkl _ [ r11 A The 01~ bullbull bull valall1 1A pychologl 1 latga1 eM be ICdamp9 Itt 8lamp1pn 4165 A 234-236 bull
l AuthoI1talillftlbullbull laUp 01_ and oloabull vlcud 1 - Catholio 7S2 1141_ 115 amp1 231-235
1 l I Soclo1r Laakbullbull tleligion I IactIW 1113
Thl lonnal i dbullbulllgned to eMIIl yo n_ yeu
opinion on _ _ or ll1pOunc in the Cetholic Chuch 1_bull
ell r h 1_ -bullbullUy I en 1nly Ift1111 in t you
ptIeone11y hl 0 thbullbullbull U_ 1 do _t ut YOU the
bullbulltianna1 e ai ell to II Th in_ti_
egeld1ng bullbullbullbull educati_ lind t1II t1_ 1 l tM II
Llalg htIe given hi plon 0 hibullbullUheY to tete T
you
53
II t ___1bullbull 1 __ f-1bullbull
III I baptizd into the Catholic Chuch _____ abullbulln infant _ 11ft adult
IV I hv cOllpltllCl _ Iadbullbullchaol _ hilh chaol _ bullbullbull collagbullbull _ fur YHbullbullf cllbullbullbullbull
V I ttend bullbullbullbull ____ egulaly (al80t vry Sunday) _ i bullbullegulrly
1 t bullbulln and lirlbullbullhould b all_1ICI to b lectobullbullbullnd bullbullbullv
2 A _nied clrgy cauld not and lODd bullbullbullvic in the Catholic Chuch
3 Th Catholic Church i nat the only true Church
4 The bihop haul not confilll childn until thy rbullbullt l t aniobullbull in hith chaol
5 In lenbullbullal and fo the ot prt the chang bullbull taking plac in the Catholic Church today r toad
6 Divoced-rid Catholic ahould b pnittd to bullbullciv the acaant (bullbullpcially Caunion) van thOUth theibullbullbullcond _niI i invalid accoding to nonal tandbullbulldbullbull
7 Sying the R_ry i not iapotant to bing a lood Catholic
8 It would not b bullbull vl) leod id to let pdbullbullt and ly popl elct bihopbullbull
9 Ctholicbullbullhauld not b Givan the oppotunity to fulfill thi Sunday oblittion t Saturday vaning bullbullbullbullbull
10 Th Catholic Church hould not eneourat bullbull Joint abullbullhip a bullbullvic with non-Catholic bullbull
1
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
_Atmiddot -Oir
_Atmiddotmiddotmiddot _Oiaomiddot
_AImiddot _Oi
-Ag _Oi
_Atmiddot _Oi
_A _Di
_Atmiddot _ Diaaol
_At _Oi
_AImiddot_ _Oi
_Ag_ _ Oimiddotaomiddot
54
11 Pll_tbullbullhauld no IIllaed to Nny
12 To nov Con tanding lftd or kMU dlanattul to the 1 sao
13 ___ t nev1 II ell_ad to lleobullbull pllbullbullbullbull
14 CttJldnn hou1d t b all_ad Ictdv thll 11 cun1an 1~aut le1ne 0 tanbullbulllon
15 Irlad clrgy IIOUld rander bettr rvic han una~led clrgy 1ne they wauld undeHtMd 11y plObl_ tNtttl
16 To be bull gaod Catol1c it 1 neey torain any ua at Btitlelal tdlttI control davie end the btlth oantlOl pill
17 Th Cathall ly hould pleoh _ nUy Oft c1l probla or aul ubullbullbullbull
18 Evan _n the Pepe pe 0 10111ll y on any 1 0 II1tl 0 _nl a Catttuo can tl11 allow hi ewn canaclence
11 The 1111ft CahOll0 Itl ld vM olclal llUflpot to CtIol1c lleya bullbull bullbullh t bullbull the 1ttan 0 OOMClanU -Jectal to
20 Ilehapbullbullhauld 1y oh_ hr Ivatlvbull -bel 0 the clellY
11 _ AIIH _011
12 _ r _01
13 _AI _ 01110
14 _AIr _DlI
15 _ Aor _DJa
16 _ I _ 011
17 __11_ _01
18 _ At _01_1_
11 _ AII_ _Dll_
20 __ Agrbullbull _Dl_
- Differences in the attitudes of church-attending Catholics toward changes in religious beliefs and practices correlated with age and education
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