Diet Modified in Composition

Group 1

Low calorie diet Calorie restriction, or caloric restriction (CR) dietary regimen that restricts calorie intake,

where the baseline for the restriction varies People who are interested in going on a very low-

calorie diet (VLCD) should first consult a physician.

A very low-calorie diet is any diet plan that allows 800 calories or less in a day; and the diet is overseen by a physician.

The length of such a diet is relatively short, usually between 3 and 6 months. Any longer and serious health complications may arise.

Low-calorie diets and very low-calorie diets

As you can see, a VLCD is different from what a person might casually call a "low-calorie diet," which would commonly consist of 1500 to 1800 calories per day.

If you're interested in something less aggressive, there are plenty of diet plans that will allow for more moderate calorie restriction.

high calorie diet  one furnishing more calories than needed to

maintain weight, often more than 3500–4000 calories per day.

A diet containing more than 4,000 calories per day.

Some medical conditions require a high-calorie diet to help maintain or promote weight gain.

People with liver disease are at risk of malnutrition due to poor intake and altered nutrient metabolism.

To meet their needs, most people with liver disease should increase the amount of calories they eat each day.

People with Huntington's Disease have higher calorie needs because of their constant fidgeting which increases their metabolic rate.

Cancer patients tend to have higher calorie needs because of a poor appetite related to treatment.

Eating more calorie-dense foods, such as whole milk, cheese and nuts, can help you increase your calorie intake when you have a poor appetite.

Severe BurnsUnderweightCompetitive Athletics

high-protein dieta diet that contains large amounts of protein,

consisting largely of meats, fish, milk, legumes, and nuts.

It may be indicated in protein depletion that results from any cause, as a preoperative preparation, or for patients with severe burns and sepsis.

It may be contraindicated in liver failure or when kidney function is so impaired that added protein could result in azotemia and acidosis.

low-protein diet

is any diet in which the protein intake is reduced. Anyone diagnosed with kidney or liver disease may be prescribed a low-protein diet.

In any case, a diet which is especially low in protein should only be undertaken under medical direction.

Reduce amount of proteinSome of each type of protein should still

be consumed each day from the two main sources:

Animal products (fish, poultry, eggs, meat, dairy products) – considered high quality or complete protein.

Vegetable products (breads, cereals, rice, pasta, dried beans) – considered low quality or incomplete protein.

Low fat dietAccording to the USDA, a low-fat

diet  – as the name implies – is a diet that consists of little fat, especially saturated fat and cholesterol, which is thought to lead to increased blood cholesterol levels and heart attack.

It is important to know that dietary fat is needed for good health, as fats supply energy and fatty acids, in addition to supplying fat-soluble vitamins like A, D, E, and K

Low carbohydrates dietary programs that restrict carbohydrate

 consumption usually for weight control or for the treatment of obesity.

Foods high in digestible carbohydrates (e.g. bread, pasta) are limited or replaced with foods containing a higher percentage of proteins and fats (e.g., meat, poultry, fish, shellfish, eggs, cheese, nuts, seeds, peanuts, and soy products) and other foods low in carbohydrates (e.g., most salad vegetables) although other vegetables and fruits (especially berries) are often allowed.

The amount allowed of these foods varies with different low-carbohydrate diets.

Such diets are sometimes ketogenic (i.e. they restrict carbohydrate intake sufficiently to cause ketosis) for example, the induction phase of the Atkins diet.

 Some sources, though, consider less restrictive variants to be low-carbohydrate as well.

Apart from obesity, low-carbohydrate diets are often used as treatments for some other conditions, most notably diabetes and epilepsy, but also for chronic fatigue syndrome (see ketosis) and polycystic ovarian syndrome

A low sodium diet is a diet that includes no more than

1,500 to 2,400 mgs of sodium per day.

(One teaspoon of salt has about 2,300 mg sodium.)

People who follow a vigorous or moderate exercise schedule are usually advised to limit their sodium intake to 3,000 mg per day and those with moderate to severe heart failure are usually advised to limit their sodium intake to 2,000 mg per day.

The human requirement for sodium in the diet is about 69 mg per day, which is typically less than one-tenth as much as many diets "seasoned to taste".

For certain people with salt-sensitive blood pressure, this extra intake may cause a negative effect on health.

Low potassium dietPotassium is a mineral that assists

in maintaining normal blood pressure and proper contraction of the heart.

The nervous system, digestive system, muscles and heart are kept healthy.

It is found in whole grains, vegetables, milk, fruits, peas and dried beans.

Need of a low potassium dietIf an individual has kidney problems, excess potassium can accumulate up to dangerous levels in the blood. This causes irregular heartbeats, confusion or a heart attack. In this case, a low potassium diet is recommended. If the diet contains less than 2000 mg of potassium per day, then it is called as a "low potassium diet".

Low potassium foods1 serving of the following can be considered to be low potassium food. 1 serving implies ½ cup. More than 1 serving of the following can make it high potassium food.

General foodsBread (bread products)Cake – angel, yellowCoffee ( maximum 8 ounces)Cookies (without nuts or chocolate)NoodlesPastaPies (without chocolate or high-potassium

foods)RiceTea (maximum 16 ounces)

Low purine dietA low-purine diet is an eating plan

that limits foods that contain purine. Purines are a natural substance found in some foods.

When your body digests purine, a waste product called uric (say: yur-ick) acid is produced.

A buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints can cause a type of arthritis known as gout. 

Purines are found in many healthy foods. The purpose of a low-purine diet is not to completely avoid purines.

Instead, the goals are to limit and monitor how much purine is in the food you eat, and to learn how your body responds when you eat different foods that contain purine.

Avoid Limit Enjoy

Beer Chicken, beef, pork and duck At least 12 cups of fluid, such as water or fruit juice

Soft drinks that contain sugar

Crab, lobster, oysters and shrimp

Low-fat and fat-free dairy products, such as cheese and yogurt

Fatty food Lunch meats, especially high-fat versions Eggs (in moderation)

Organ meats, such as liver, from any animal source Liquor Peanut butter and nuts

Bacon, veal and venison   Rice, noodles, pasta and potatoes

Yeast   Fruits

Anchovies, sardines, herring, mussels, codfish, scallops, trout and haddock

  Vegetables

Gravy   Beans

    Wine (in moderation)

    Coffee (in moderation)

Thank you!

Quiz 1 1. It is a diet that is modified in texture:

smoothness and roughness of food served.

2.-3. The two type of liquid diet and give example.

4. A diet that is made up of foods which can be completely absorbed, thereby leaving little or no residue for formation of feces.

5. A kind of mechanical diet that foods must be cut into pieces no larger than ½” x ½” x ½”.

6. A diet in which food is cut by hand or as directed to Pea size pieces ¼” x ¼” x ¼”. Food must also be moist and no “Finger Foods”.

7. A very low-calorie diet is any diet plan that allows ___________ calories or less in a day.

8. One teaspoon of salt has about _____________ mg sodium.

9. Give one condition of the patient that is advised with a Low potassium diet.

10.Purines produce the waste product called _______________.