Dictators' Economies in the Inter-war Years

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The Rise of Dictators Comparing Economic Plans J. Marshall, 2009

description

A comparison of the economic platforms and programs of the Soviet, Fascist and Nazi regimes in the inter-war period (for use in History 12 in B.C., Canada(

Transcript of Dictators' Economies in the Inter-war Years

Page 1: Dictators' Economies in the Inter-war Years

The Rise of DictatorsComparing Economic Plans

J. Marshall, 2009

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Russia in 1921

Under Lenin, Russia was suffering at the end ofthe Civil War:

– Devastated land, farms ruined, food supplies exhausted

– Drought and effects of war led to famine– 50-90% of people starving– Industrial production broke down completely– Bolsheviks destroyed the economy with their

enemies– Riots / open rebellion

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Lenin’s NEP• Re-established limited economic freedom in

an attempt to rebuild agriculture and small industry

• Heavy industry remained nationalized• It proved shrewd and successful politically

and economically• Compromised with peasants to speed

recovery• Returned to pre-WWI levels• Compromise with capitalism, small private

operations, profit,• Remember Kulaks • Created internal political conflict

“From the NEP Russia will (be)come the Socialist Russia”1921

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Stalin• Ends NEP• “Socialism in one country” - no world

revolution, internal focus• Soviet industry 50-100 years behind

• 5-Year Plans (revolution from above)– Build strong base of heavy industry– Self-sufficiency– Modern infrastructure– Generate new attitudes, loyalties, and new socialist

identity– 250% increase in industrial output

• GOSPLAN - oversaw implementation

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Stalin• Eliminate private enterprise and

capitalism, private ownership (from NEP), and property-owning peasants

• Challenge by Kulaks– Wealthy peasant class

• Collectivization– Agricultural plan to eliminate private ownership of land– Used agricultural funds to help industry– Destroyed Kulaks– By 1932, almost all peasants lived on collective farms, but

at a high cost– Famine resulted as people destroyed crops and

slaughtered animals/Stalin sells grain overseas

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Famine, 1933Famine, 1933

Hoarding, 1929Hoarding, 1929

State Farm, 1932State Farm, 1932

Collective FarmCollective Farm

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Stalin• Results

– Collectivization brought victory for communist ideologues– Agricuture supplemented industrial growth– Collectivization called “the second serfdom” minimized

power in rural areas– Millions killed or died of famine– Industry produced 4 times as much in 1937 as 1928– Urban migration of more than 25 million– Increased government control of labor and agricutural

workers– Agricultural workers won private plots (22% on 4%)– Avoided economic contraction of the west

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MussoliniMussolini• Started out as a revolutionary left-wing journalist

• Verbal assaults on rival socialists win him favor with conservatives

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Mussolini• He allowed followers to

believe he was opposing the Reds

• Savior of law and order and property

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Mussolini• He allowed followers to

believe he was opposing the Reds

• Savior of law and order and property

Red Rule

Capture all products.

Murder those who enforce the law.

Blow up barracks.

Liberate prisoners.

Burn public records of indebtedness.

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Mussolini• He allowed followers to

believe he was opposing the Reds

• Savior of law and order and property

Red Rule

Capture all products.

Murder those who enforce the law.

Blow up barracks.

Liberate prisoners.

Burn public records of indebtedness.

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Cult of PersonalityCult of Personality

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Mussolini Economics• Mussolini condemned laissez-faire capitalism but also

Marxist appeals to class• Introduced the corporate state--economy run as 22

separate corporations with reps from business, fascist organized labor unions, and the state.

• State interest dictated policy and production priorities• Allowed private property and profit

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Mussolini Economics• Mussolini condemned laissez-faire capitalism but also

Marxist appeals to class• Introduced the corporate state--economy run as 22

separate corporations with reps from business, fascist organized labor unions, and the state.

• State interest dictated policy and production priorities• Allowed private property and profit

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Mussolini Economics• Mussolini condemned laissez-faire capitalism but also

Marxist appeals to class• Introduced the corporate state--economy run as 22

separate corporations with reps from business, fascist organized labor unions, and the state.

• State interest dictated policy and production priorities• Allowed private property and profit

M

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Let the workers feel they have a voice in this top-down administration of the economy.

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Hitler

• De-emphasized anti-capitalist elements to win support of middle-class

• Vowed to fight Bolshevism• Germany devastated from WWI, reparations, and

Great Depression• Unemployment at 43% in 1932• He promised Germans economic, political, and

international salvation• Rejected free market capitalism and advocated govt.

programs to bring recovery

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Hitler’s Economic Plan• Outlawed strikes• Professional organizations were

swallowed, communications and universities taken over

• He promised economic recovery--work and bread and he delivered

• Public works program to build infrastructure, appointed Schacht as central banker, helped restore credit and business

S

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Strength Through Joy

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HitlerHitler’’s Economic Plans Economic Plan

• Rearmament• Unemployment dropped from 6 million in

1933 to 1 million in 1936 (shortage of workers by 1938)(shortage of workers by 1938)

• Improved standard of living, business profits rose sharply and recovery was tangible

• 1936: 4-Year Plan– Promote self-sufficiency (autarky) in strategic

commodities– Independent labor unions replaced by National Labor

Front, state-run union– Projects like the autobahn

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Leftist newspaper

parody of remilitarization,

1935

Guns or Butter ?

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Assignment:

In a mini-essay, compare and contrast the economic policies of Stalin, Mussolini, and Hitler. Be sure to include their philosophical approaches and the outcomes that were realized.

think: Government / Industry / Workers / Population-at-large

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