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progress monitoringDIBELS
DIBELS is a registered trademark of Dynamic Measurement Group, Inc. Visit our website at www.dibels.org. Revised 12/30/10
DIBELS® Next Student MaterialsOral Reading Fluency/Level 4
Progress Monitoring
Roland H. Good III
Ruth A. Kaminski
with:
Kelli Cummings, Chantal Dufour-Martel, Kathleen Petersen,
Kelly Powell-Smith, Stephanie Stollar, and Joshua Wallin
Dynamic Measurement Group, Inc.
®
Copyright 2011 Dynamic Measurement GroupAll rights reserved
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An Island Festival
Everyoneontheislandhelpedgetthevillagereadyforthebig
festival.Workingtogetherwaspartoftheislandway.Kiriandherfamily
helpedtosweepthewalkwaysofthevillage.Otherfamiliespickedup
litterandgroomedgardens.Somerepairedoldbuildingsaroundtown.
Theyallwantedtheirislandtolookitsbestfortheguestswhowould
soonarrivefromalloverthePacific.
Kiriwashappythattheplacelookedsonice,butshewasevenmore
excitedaboutthefestivaltocome.Herislandhadbeenchosentohostthe
bigevent.Peoplewereeagertosharetheirislandhomeandtotreattheir
gueststowonderfulfeasts.Kiri’smouthwateredwhenshethoughtofthe
bigplattersoffoodtheywouldserve.Therewouldbetablespiledhigh
withfruit,seaweed,fish,andcoconuts.
Thebestpartofthefestivalwouldbetheshowwhendancersfrom
eachcountrywouldperformintraditionalcostumes.Kiriwasinagroup
thatwastodanceonthefirstnight.Hercostumewasmadeofaspecial
cloththatwasmadefromthebarkofmulberrytrees.Ithadflowersand
leavespaintedonitandsheknewshewouldtreasurethebeautifuldress
longafterthedancewasover.
Onopeningnight,ahugecrowdcametoseetheshow.Dancersfrom
eachcountryparadedintothestadiumandsatonthegroundaroundthe
stage.Kiri’sgroupwentonfirstandperformedaspiritedsonganddance.
ThecrowdstoodandcheeredsoloudlythatKiricouldn’tstopsmiling.
Hergroupleftthestageandthenotherdancersperformed.Astheother
groupsdanced,sheadmiredtheircolorfulcostumesandlivelyrhythms.
Everyonecheeredhappilyforeachofthedancinggroups.Peoplefrom
manydifferentplaceschattedandlaughedwithoneanother.Kiribeamed
withhappiness.Sheknewshewouldrememberthisnightalways.
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Exploring South America
Imaginebeingsofaroutinspacethatthecontinentslooklikegreen
andbrownshapesonablueball.Ifyoulookcarefully,you’llseeone
belowNorthAmericathat’sshapedlikeawobblyicecreamcone.It’s
wideatthetopandpointedatthebottom.That’sSouthAmerica.
Zoomincloserandyou’llseethatthesurfaceofSouthAmericais
likeabigbowl.Themiddleofthecontinentisthescoopedoutpartof
thebowl.Itisgrasslandordesertinsomeplacesandrainforestinothers.
Thesidesofthebowlaremountainrangesneareachcoast.Thetallest
ones,theAndes,rundownthewesternside.Theyaresteepandjagged,
andmanyofthepeaksarevolcanoes.Themountainsinthenorthand
eastarelowerbuthavemanysteepdropsthatcreatebeautifulwaterfalls.
Togetabetterlookatthefalls,moveclosertotheplanet.You’ll
easilyspotAngelFallsinthenorthernpartofSouthAmerica.It’sthe
tallestwaterfallonEarth.Inthetimeittakesadropofwatertofallfrom
thetopofthefallstothebottom,youcouldsingthewholealphabet
song!You’llalsoseealargerivercalledtheAmazon.Itstretchestwo
thousandmilesfromtheAndestotheAtlanticOceanandprovideswater
toalmostone-thirdofSouthAmerica.
Nowimaginebeingjustabovethetreetops.You’recloseenough
toseethatthereislittlelifeinthedesertofthenorthwest.It’soneof
thedriestplacesonEarthandneverreceivesrain.Butifyougotothe
Amazonrainforest,you’llfindmorekindsofwildlifethananyplace
elseintheworld.Moveupintothemountains,andyou’llseebearsand
animalsalotlikellamas.Beforeyouleave,besuretogotothesouthern
tipofthecontinenttoseethepenguins.
Thisquicktripisover,butthere’smuchmoretoknowaboutSouth
America.Ifyoufeellikeexploring,yournexttripisascloseasthe
library.
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A Gift from the Past
Itwasthemiddleofsummerandtoohottoplayoutside.Carmen
triedtothinkofsomethinginterestingtodo.Hermothersuggested
readingabookorstartingajigsawpuzzle.ButCarmenwantedtodo
somethingnew.Hermotherthoughtforaminuteandthendisappeared
downthehall.Shereturnedwithalong,slenderboxandexplainedthat
itheldanheirloomthathadbeeninthefamilyformanygenerations.
Carmenremovedthelidandfoundathickstickwitharowofholes
carvedintoit.Hermotherexplainedthatitwasaflutemadefromapiece
ofbamboo.
“YourancestorsplayedthisflutelongagointhemountainsofPeru,”
shesaid.“Itmakesasweet,hauntingsoundunlikethatofanyother
flute.”
Carmenfelthowsmoothandworntheflutewasfrombeingheldand
playedbymanydifferenthands.Itmadeherwishshecouldhaveknown
theancestorswhoplayedit.
Hermotherdemonstratedhowtoholdtheflute.Carmennotedhow
sherestedtheendofthefluteonherchinwithitsopeningnearher
bottomlip.Hermotherblewgentlyandraisedandloweredherfingers,
creatingabeautifulmelody.Carmenlovedthesoundsomuchshe
couldn’twaittotryitherself.Sheblewandblewbutcouldn’tmakeany
soundcomeout.Withhermother’scoaching,shelearnedtotightenher
lipsintoalittlehalfsmileandtoblowmoregently.Afterafewmore
attempts,shewasabletoblowoneclearnote.
Carmenspenttherestofthesummerplayingherflute.Shepracticed
coveringanduncoveringdifferentholestocreatedifferentnotes.When
shecouldplayallthenotesclearly,hermothertaughtherashortsong.
Afterdaysofpractice,Carmencouldfinallyplayitthroughsmoothly.As
sheplayed,sheimaginedherselfinthemountainsmakingmusicwithher
ancestors.“Didtheyeverimaginesomeonelikeme,playingthisflutefar
inthefuture?”shewondered.Itmadehersmiletothinkthatmaybethey
had.
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A Home for Freckles
Afriendlycolliepokedhisspottedmuzzlethroughthebarsofhis
kennelandwaggedhistail.Emilypettedhimandthoughtwhataperfect
playmatehewouldbeforherdog,Hal.Shewishedshecouldtakehim
home.
Emilywenttohelpherfatherputoutfreshwaterinthekennels.She
alwaysmethimattheanimalshelterafterschoolonThursdayssothey
couldwalkhometogether.Whenshewasoldenough,shewantedto
volunteerjustlikehedid.
Astheywereleaving,Emilynoticedaflyerannouncingthatthe
shelterneededtrainerstohelpshelterdogsinobedienceclasses.Best
ofall,trainerscouldbeasyoungastenyearsold!Emily’sdadagreed
tolethersignup,andtheywenttotheoffice.Aftertheycompletedthe
application,thewomanatthedeskaskedEmilytostartthatweekend.
EmilywasattheshelterearlySaturdaymorning.Theteacher
assignedadogtoeachofthenewlyrecruitedtrainers.Herpartnerwas
Freckles,thecolliewiththespottedmuzzle!
Theteacherhelpedthetrainersteachtheirdogstositandstay.Bythe
endoftheclass,FreckleswasobeyingmostofEmily’scommands.She
workedwithhimeverySaturdayinclassandspentextratimewithhim
onThursdays.Oneday,Emilycouldn’tfindFreckles.Theteachersaid
thathe’dbeenadopted,andthankedherforhelpinghimbecomeagreat
pet.
EmilywashappyforFreckles,butshemissedhim.Whenshearrived
homethatday,sheopenedthefrontdoorandcalledHal.Healways
cheeredherup.Whenhedidn’tcome,shewenttothebackyardand
calledagain.Halcamerunning,andthensomethingamazinghappened.
Frecklescamerunning,too!Emilywhirledaroundandsawherdad
grinningonthebackporch.
“He’sallyours!”hecalled.
Emilydroppedandhuggedbothdogs.“I’mtheluckiestgirlever,”
shethought.“Ihavetwogreatdogsandagreatdad,too!”
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Art in Action
Wouldyouliketomakedrawingscometolife?Trymakinga
flipbook!Aflipbookisaseriesofpicturesthatseemtomovewhenyou
thumbthroughthemquickly.Tomakeyours,allyouneedisapadof
squarestickynotesandapencil.
First,decideonaconceptforyourpictures.Youmustre-createthe
samepictureagainandagain,sochoosesomethingsimple.Avoidadding
unnecessarydetails,too.Thatwillmakeiteasiertocreatedrawingsthat
arenearlyidentical.
Foryourfirstflipbook,trydrawingafacewitheyesthatmoveback
andforth.Positionyourpadwiththestickypartattheleft.Thenopenit
tothelastpageanddrawasimplefacetowardtherightsideofthepage.
Thatisthepartofthepagethatisvisiblewhenyouarethumbingthrough
quickly.
Yourflipbookfacecanbeacircleoranyotherbasicshape.Foreach
eye,makeahorizontalovalwithadark,soliddotattherightend.Once
you’resatisfiedwithyourpicture,darkenthelinestomakethemeasyto
trace.
Next,drawthesecondpictureonthenexttothelastpageofthepad.
Traceeverythingexceptthedotsintheeyes.Traceaccuratelysoallthe
detailswillappeartoholdstillwhiletheeyesmove.Positionthedotsin
theeyesatinybitfarthertotheleftthaninthefirstpicture.
Repeatthisprocessagainandagain.Eachtime,copyallthedetails
andchangeonlythedotsintheeyes.Forbestresults,bepatient.Make
suchsmallchangesthattheyarebarelynoticeable.Whenthedotsreach
theleftendoftheeyeovals,startmovingthemgraduallybacktothe
right.Youshoulddrawabouttwentypicturesinall.
Holdyourfinishedbooksothatyoucanthumbthroughthepictures
frombacktofront.Theeyesonthefaceshouldmoveasiftheyare
followingatennismatch!
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Empty Lot to a Garden Spot
Lastsummer,Ispentafewweeksatmyaunt’sfarminthecountry.
MycousinsandIhadagreattimehelpingoutattheproducestandwhere
wesoldfreshtomatoes,squash,melons,andberries.WhenIgotbackto
myhomeinthecity,Itoldmyfriendsabouttheproducestand.
“Ifwehadaplacetogrowvegetables,wecouldhaveaproduce
standrighthere,”Iexplained.“Iguessthere’sreallynoplacetogrowa
gardeninthecity,though.”
“There’sthatabandonedlotdownthestreet,”Dillansaid.“Maybe
wecoulduseit.”
Wesprinteddowntotheemptylottoinvestigate.Atfirst,wefelt
disappointed.Weedsgrewthroughcracked,drysoil,andtrashwas
jammedagainstthemetalfence.Onthefencewasasignthatsaid,“For
information,callMr.Brown.”
Iwrotedowntheinformation,andwereturnedtomyhouse.
Grandmalistenedtoourplanandofferedtohelp.ShecalledMr.Brown
whosaidthatifweturneditintoaneighborhoodgarden,hewould
donatethelottothecommunity!
“Thisisanopportunitywecan’taffordtopassup,”saidGrandma.
“Let’sseehowmanyvolunteerswecanenlisttohelpus.”Wemadeflyers
thatlistedthetime,place,andpurposeofthegatheringandputthem
upinthelibrary,postoffice,andgrocerystore.OnSaturday,alarge
crowdshowedupatthelottohelpuspreparethesoilandbeginplanting.
Beforeoureyes,thevacantlotwastransformedintoagardenspot.
Eachday,someonefromtheneighborhoodwasinthegarden
weeding,watering,andtendingtheplants.Alloftheneighborsseemed
totakealotofprideinthegarden.Asanaddedbenefit,myfriendsandI
madelotsofnewfriends.
Inafewmonths,therewerevegetablesreadyforharvest.Myfriends
andIsetupaproducestandinfrontofthegarden.Thenweputupthis
sign:“Freevegetables.Thankyouforhelpingtomakethisgardena
success!”
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The Little Hero
Youmightnotbelievethatadogweighinglessthantenpounds
couldstopacarorsavesomeone,butthat’sjustwhatalittledognamed
Anniedid.Annie’sheroicfeatoccurredlateonenight.Onthisparticular
night,Anniewasoutforastrollwithherowner,Pam.Pamusesacane
towalk,andassheandAnniesteppedcautiouslyupontoahighcurb
inthedark,Pamtrippedandfell.Shewasnotseriouslyinjured,butshe
couldn’tgetupbyherself.AnnielickedPam’sfaceandbarkedasshe
attemptedtoassistherowner,butPamwasstillunabletostandup.
AnniewasdeterminedtogethelpforPam,soshecontinuedtobark
noisily.Shebarkedsoloudlythatneighborscalledthepolice.Apolice
officerfinallycametoinvestigate.Itwasn’tdifficulttofindAnnie.The
officerjustwenttothelocationwhereheheardtheuproar.Whenthe
officer’spatrolcarapproachedher,Anniestoodintheroadandbarkedas
fiercelyasshecould.Shewantedtomaketheofficerstopandgetoutof
hiscar.That’sexactlywhattheofficerdid.Whenthepoliceofficertried
tocatchAnnie,shedodgedandbarkedevenmoreferociously.Thelittle
dogdidn’trunawayfromtheofficer,though.Shejustscurriedbackand
forthtoblockhiswayeachtimehetriedtogoinanotherdirection.
TheofficerwonderedwhyAnniewasbeingsoinsistentaboutgetting
hisattention.That’swhenheheardafaintvoicecallingfromnearthe
bushes.Someonewascallingforhelp!Hehurriedtowardthevoiceand
soonfoundPamontheground.Theofficerhelpedherupanddelivered
herandAnniesafelyhome.Pamsaysshelearnedalotfromheraccident.
First,it’sbesttoavoidwalkingwheretherearesteepcurbsandnostreet
lights.Moreimportantly,itisagoodideatotakesomeonewithyou
whenyougooutatnightwhocanmakesureyougethomesafely.For
Pam,thatsomeoneisherdog.
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A Surprising Little Fish
Imaginethatyouaresnorkelingnearareefwhensomeclownfish
catchyoureye.They’rezippylittleorangefishwithblackandwhite
stripes.Theywhirlandwiggleanddartinandoutoftheiroceanhome.It
seemstheyarechasingeachotherinarollickinggameoftag.
Thefishyouarewatchingareclownfish,andit’seasytoseehow
theygottheirname.Itlooksasiftheyareclowningaround.These
clownfisharenotplaying,though.Theyaredefendingtheirterritory
fromoutsiders.Whatlookslikeabushyseaweedplantisreallyasea
animalthatletsclownfishliveinitstentacles.Thecreatureiscalledan
anemone.Mostfishavoidthisanimalbecauseitsmassoftentaclescan
deliverapowerfulsting.Luckily,clownfishhavespecialprotection
fromtheanimal’ssting.Clownfisharecoveredinastickysubstancethat
protectsthemfromthesting.
Livinginsideastinginganimalisgreatprotectionfortheclownfish.
Hungrypredatorsthatwouldliketoeattheclownfishturnawaywhen
theyseetheanemone.Ifapredatorgetstoocloseitgetsaseveresting.
Inreturnforprotectionfromenemies,theclownfishcleantheanemone.
Theyremovedirtfromitstentacles.Theyfeedonscrapsfromthe
anemone’smeals.Theanemoneandthefisharebothquitecontentwith
thisunusualarrangement.
Clownfishareunusualinanotherway,too.Theyarealmostall
males.Onlyonefemaleisineverycolony,andsheisalsotheleaderof
thecolony.Shelayshereggsneartheanemonewheretheyarekeptvery
safe.Themotherclownfishhaslaidthemwherepredatorsdon’tdarego.
Sheknowsthestinginganemoneisthebestbabysitterinthesea.
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On the Road to Success
Everyonewasgatheredinfrontofthestage,waitingtohearwho
hadwonthedesigncontest.Designingacarofthefuturewasareal
challenge,butTim’sentryhadmadeittothefinals.Atlast,thejudges
tookthestageandannouncedthewinningentries.Timwasthrilledto
hearthathiscarwithsolarpowerhadwonsecondplace.Hegrinned
attheapplauseandthetrophy,butthebestpartaboutwinningwasyet
tocome.Heandtheotherwinnerswouldpresenttheirdesignstothe
presidentofanationalcarcompany.
OnFriday,Timandhisparentsdrovetothecarfactory.Themanager
ledthestudentsandtheirfamiliesonatour.Astheywalkedalongthe
assemblyline,themanagerexplainedeachstepinmakingacar.Tim
wasfascinatedbyeverythinghesaw.First,theframeofacarwas
fastenedtoabig,moveablebelt.Ahugemachineloweredtheengineand
transmissionontotheframe.Thenworkersfastenedthepartsinplace.As
thebeltmovedthecarframedowntheline,thecarwasgraduallybuilt
fromthebottomup.Machinesandpeopleworkedsidebysideatmany
ofthestations.Timgotmoreandmoreexcitedasthecartookshape.
Finally,thecarwasreadytosendtothebodyshop,whereworkers
addedthedoorsandthehoodandtrunk.Whenthebodywascomplete,
machinespaintedthecar.Themanagerwasabouttoshowthemwhere
theinteriorpartswereinstalledwhenanannouncementcameoverthe
loudspeaker.Thepresidentofthecompanywasreadytomeetthem.
Theyhurriedtotheoffice.Afterthestudentspresentedandexplained
theirdesigns,thepresidenttoldthemhewasveryimpressedwiththeir
work.Astheywereleaving,heshookTim’shandandaskedhimto
comebackandapplyforajobsomeday.Timwasthrilled.Alltheway
home,heimaginedcarsjustliketheonehe’ddesignedrollingdownthat
assemblyline.Hecouldhardlywaitforthedaytocome.
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Growing a Rosebush
Isitpossibleforastemtoturnintoarosebush?Itmaysoundlike
amagictrick,butitactuallyworks!Withalittlepatience,youcandoit
yourself.
Beginbycuttingastemfromahealthyrosebush.Youshoulddothis
inlatespringorearlysummerwhenitiswarmenoughfornewrootsto
growbutnotsohotthattenderleaveswillburn.Examinethestemsof
therosebushcloselyandselectonethatisyoungbutstrong.Itshould
haveafadingfloweroronethathasalreadylostitspetals.Cutastem
abouttwelveincheslong.
Next,preparethestembyremovingtheflowerandmostofthe
leaves.Thisallowsthecuttingtoputallofitsenergyintoformingroots.
Don’tremovealloftheleaves,though.Twotofiveleavesshouldbeleft
onthestemtoprovidefoodforthedevelopingplant.Youwillalsoneed
tomakecutsatthebottomofthestemtohelprootsformmorerapidly.
Todothis,startatthebottomedgeandcutaboutoneinchupeachside.
Next,plantthecuttinginapotcontainingdamppottingsoilorsand.
Pokeaholeinthedirtwithyourfingerandpositionthecuttinginit.
Thengentlypresssoilagainstthecuttingtoholditinplace.Tokeep
thecuttingmoist,misttheleaveswithaspraybottleandthencoverit
withaclearplasticbag.Usetallstakestopreventthebagfromresting
againsttheleaves.Thenfastenthebottomofthebagaroundthepotwith
arubberband.
Aftertwoweeks,uncoverthecuttingandgentlytugonit.Ifyoufeel
resistance,rootshavedeveloped.Givethemseveralmoredaystogrow
andthenremovetheplasticbag.Placeyourcuttinginashadyareaaway
fromharshsunlight.
Whenyounoticethatyourplantisgrowingnewleavesand
gettingtaller,plantitinasunnylocationandwateritfrequently.Then
congratulateyourselfongrowingyourfirstrosebush!
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Rainy Day Savings
JennaandhersisterAnnpeeredoutthewindowatthelemonade
standsittingvacantbythestreet.Ithadbeenrainingfortwodays,and
theweatherforecastjustpredictedmorewetweather.Thegirlshad
plannedtoearnmoneytobuyticketsfortheamusementpark,butthey
couldn’tselllemonadeintherain.
Anncounteduptheirmoneyandcalculatedthatthesistersneeded
tenmoredollarstoaffordtheirtickets.Shewonderediftherewasaway
thegirlscouldstillearnthemoney,despitetherain.
Jennathoughtaboutit.Theycouldn’toffertowalktheneighbors’
dogsorwashtheirautomobiles.Noonewouldpaythemtodothose
thingsinsuchdismalweather.SheandAnntriedtothinkofwhatthey
coulddo.Justthen,theirmotherenteredtheroomand,overhearingtheir
problem,offeredasuggestion.
“Youknow,that’saprettysoft,gentlerainoutside,”shesaid.
“There’snothunderorlightning,andalightweightraincoatwouldbe
enoughtoprotectyoufromgettingsoaked.Whydon’tyouoffertopull
weedsintheneighbors’gardens?Theearthwillbesoftandmoistfrom
therain,sotheweedsshouldcomeouteasily.”
Thegirlsthoughtthatwasaterrificidea.Theydecidedtocharge
threedollarsperhourtopullweeds.Theywentdownthestreet,
knockingondoorsandofferingtheirweedingservices.Beforelong,
threeneighborshadhiredthemtomaintaintheirgardens.JennaandAnn
gotrighttoworkcleaningouttheplantingbeds.
“Momwasrightaboutarainydaybeingtherighttimeforthis,”
announcedAnn,asshepulledcrabgrassandotherweedseasilyfrom
themoistsoil.“Therainmakesweedpullingeasier,andkeepsusfrom
gettingtoohot.”
Bylateafternoon,thegirlshadearnedenoughmoneytopayfortheir
tickets.Theyalsoknewjusthowthey’dspendrainydaysfortherestof
thesummer.
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A Vacation Adventure
Everysummermyfamilygoescampinginthemountains,but
thisyearwedidsomethingdifferent.Wetraveledtoacountrycalled
Belize.Whenmymomtoldmeaboutthetrip,itsoundedexciting,but
Iwonderedifitwouldbeasenjoyableasavacationinthemountains.I
lovethebumpydriveuptoourfavoritecampsite.It’sarealadventure
watchingforwildlifeandexploringcavesaswehikeuptoseethe
incredibleviewfromthemountaintop.Still,Idecidedtokeepanopen
mind.OurBelizetripwouldbedifferent,butitmightbeinteresting.
WespentthefirstfewdaysinBelizeonthebeach,wheremysisters
andIenjoyedswimmingandlearningtosurf.Onthefinaldayofour
vacation,aguidedroveusdeepintothejungletoseesomeancientruins.
Thefartherwedrove,theroughertheroadbecame.Welaughedaswe
bumpedupanddownandslidfromsidetoside.Itwasbumpierthanthe
roadtoourmountaincampsite!Alongthewaywespottedmanycolorful
birdsandevenagroupofmonkeysinatree.
Whenwearrivedatourdestination,wewereamazedatwhatwe
saw.ItwasacitythattheMayanpeoplehadbuiltoverathousandyears
ago.Asweexaminedfascinatingcarvingsonpyramidsandancient
stonewalls,wetriedtoimaginepeoplelivingtherelongago.Ourguide
pointedoutastonemaskasweexploredatombthatwasascooland
darkasacave.NexthetookustotheSkyTemple,ahugepyramid
withhundredsofsteps.MysistersandIracedupthestairsandwere
completelyoutofbreathwhenwegottothetop.Fromtherewecould
seehowbigtheancientcityhadbeen.Itwasanawesomeview.
Asweflewhome,IthoughtaboutmytriptoBelize.Ihaddonemany
ofthesamethingsIenjoyonourcampingtrips.Evenbetter,I’dexplored
awholenewcountryandanancientworld!
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Sunnydale Stars
SoonafterMarcojoinedthedramaclubatSunnydaleSchool,the
clubmembersbegantoworkonaspecialproject.Theyweregoingto
fixuptheemptylotlocatedbehindtheirschool.Theirplanwastobuild
astagewheretheycouldputonoutdoorplaysforallthestudentsand
familiesintheirschool.Eachdayafterschoolthatweek,thedramaclub
studentsworkedtotransformthevacantlotintoanoutdoortheater.
Ontheirfirstworkday,thedramaclubteacher,Mrs.Walter,ledthe
waytotheemptylot.Thefirsttaskwasweeding.Mrs.Waltergaveeach
studentapairofworkglovestowearandthestudentsgotrighttowork
pullingupatangleofweedsthatcoveredanoldconcretepatio.This
patiowouldbethestage.Overthenextfewdays,Marcoandhisfriends
broughtscrubbrushesandbucketsofwaterandscrubbedthepatioclean.
Oncethepatiowasclean,thestudentspainteditbrightblue.Thenitwas
timetodecoratethestage.Marcoopenedacanofsilverpaintandeach
studentgrabbedapaintbrushandpaintedasilverstaronthebluestage.
Whenthepaintwasdry,theyusedmarkerstowritetheirnamesonthe
stars.
Theoutdoortheaterwasready.Whatplayshouldtheyperform
first?Thestudentsdecidedtopresenttheplay“TheTortoiseandthe
Hare.”Everyoneintheclubwasassignedajobtodo.Somestudents
madetheprograms,somewereinchargeofrefreshments,andothers
wereassignedthejobofsettingupchairs.Marco’sjobwastobethe
announcer.Together,themembersoftheclubworkedtogeteverything
readyfortheshow.Whenopeningnightcame,theyalltooktheirplaces
backstage.Marcotookadeepbreath.Theplaywasabouttobegin.
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Wonderful Water
Somepeoplesay,“Youarewhatyoueat.”Itmightbemoreaccurate
tosay,“Youarewhatyoudrink.”Thatisbecauseabouttwo-thirdsofthe
humanbodyismadeupofwater.
Ourbodiesusewaterinmanywaystomaintainourhealthandwell-
being.Weneedwatertohelpwithdigestingandabsorbingthefoodwe
eat.Watercontrolsourbodytemperature,keepingusfromgettingtoohot
inwarmweather.Ithelpstocarryoxygenandnutrientstoallthebody’s
cellsandevenactsasaprotectivecushionforjoints,suchaskneesand
hips.
Eachday,ourbodiesloseasmanyassixpintsofwaterthrough
evaporationandperspiration.Replacingthatwaterisimportantfor
maintaininggoodhealth.Peoplewhoexercisevigorouslyloseevenmore
water.Running,playingsoccer,bicycling,andhikingcanincreasethe
amountofwateryouneedtodrink.
Howcanyougetallthewateryouneed?First,trytodrinkplenty
offreshwaterwitheverymealandafteryouexercise.It’salsogood
todrinkwateratothertimesduringtheday,especiallyifitisawarm
day.Eatplentyoffreshfruitsandvegetables,whichalsocontainwater.
Eatingthesecanalsohelpyougetthewateryourbodyneeds.
Manypeopledonotdrinkenoughwatertomaintaintheirhealth.
Theysaytheydonotfeelthirsty.Sometimespeoplewhodonotthink
theyarethirstyareconfusingthirstforhunger.Theythinktheirbodyis
askingforfood,insteadofwater.
Toensureyougetallthewateryourbodyneeds,youshould
drinkwaterfrequentlythroughouttheday.Ifyoudrinkenough
waterthroughouttheday,youwillfeelhealthyandrefreshed.More
importantly,yourbodywillhavethefluiditneedstoworkwell.
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Healthy Choices
Haveyoueverwonderedwherethefoodyoueatreallycomesfrom?
Atomatoatthegrocerystorecancomefrommanysources.Somestores
selltomatoesthathavetraveledagreatdistanceacrossmanystatesto
getthere.Atothershopsandmarkets,thetomatoesyoubuycomefrom
farmsinlocationsveryclosetowhereyoulive.Youcanoftenfindthese
localtomatoesatoutdoormarkets.Choosingalocallygrowntomatoisa
healthychoice.
Aripetomatofreshfromthevineisfullofvitaminsandflavor.
Locallygrowntomatoesareallowedtoripenbeforetheyarepicked.
Ripeningallthewaygivesthetomatoeslotsofflavorandcolor.Oncethe
tomatoispicked,itsnutrientsbegintofade.Asthedayspass,itkeeps
losingmoreandmoreofitsfoodvalue.Itisstillgoodtoeat,butithas
lessflavorandfewervitaminsthanafreshtomatodoes.Farmerswho
shiptomatoesalongdistanceoftenpickthemwhiletheyarestillgreen.
Greentomatoesturnredafterafewdays,buttheyhavefarlessflavor
andcolorthantomatoesthatripenallthewayonthevine.
Tomatoesfromlocalfarmersaregoodfortheenvironment,too.
Becausetheydon’thavetobeshippedveryfar,farmersdon’thavetouse
alotofpackagingthathastobethrownaway.Instead,theycantransport
thefoodsinbushelbasketsthattheyreuseeveryweek.Transporting
localtomatoesthiswaydoesn’tgeneratealotofwastematerials.
Manykindsoffruitsandvegetablesareshippedacrossthecountry
everyday,butoftenthosesamecropscanbefoundmuchclosertohome.
Nexttimeyougotothestore,keepalookoutforlocallygrowntomatoes.
Youmayseeotherlocallygrownfoodsyouwanttochoose,too.
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A Trip into History
Theshipsoundeditshornaspassengershurriedtoboard.Albert’s
familyfollowedaporterwhoshowedthemtotheircabins.Whilehis
parentsbeganunpacking,Albertwentoutsideandlookedthrough
binoculars.Hewantedtogetacloserlookatadistantcastle.Itwas
excitingtothinkthattheoldcastlewasonceguardedbybraveknights
inarmor.Albertcouldn’twaittoseemore.Hewasconvincedthatthis
two-dayvoyageontheRhineRiverwouldbethehighlightoftheirtripto
Germany.
Albertquicklyunpackedsohecouldexploretherestoftheship.It
wasaslongasafootballfield!Ondeck,hediscoveredthattherewould
beplentytodowhiletheywereonboard.Inadditiontoalibraryanda
giftshop,therewasaheatedswimmingpool.Hisparentswerehappyto
learnthattherewouldbelivemusicanddancing,too.
Thefamilyhadjustfoundseatsonthedeckwhentheshipbegan
tomove.Albertrantotherailing.Hewavedtopeopleonshoreasthe
boatpulledaway.Beforelong,theshipreachedthecastlehehadspotted
earlier.
Albert’sfatherpointedoutthatthetallwallsandmoatsaround
castleswerebuilttoprotecttheownersfromattacks.“Theroyalfamily
memberswhobuiltthecastleshadsoldiersstopboatsthatpassedby,”he
explained.“Theychargedthematolltocontinuedowntheriver.”
Astheshipmovedslowlydowntheriver,itwasasiftheywere
driftingbackintime.Theysawcastleaftercastlesetonrockycliffsand
tree-coveredhills.Theypassednearlyfiftyofthem!Overtheyears,some
hadtumbleddown,andonlyafewrockwallsremained.Othercastles
stilllookedstrongandmighty.Inprettylittlevillagesontheshore,they
sawchurchesbuilthundredsofyearsago.Albertdecidedthathereally
likedlearningaboutthepastthisway.“Thanksfortakingmeonthisboat
trip,”hetoldhisparents.“It’sthebesthistorylessonIeverhad!”
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Keeping Oil on the Job
Anythingwithamotorneedscleanoiltorunsmoothly.Thatincludes
everythingfromcarstolawnmowers.Tokeepmotorsrunningclean,
peopledrainthedirtyoileveryfewmonthsandreplaceitwithnewoil.
Whathappenstotheusedoil?Oilthatisallowedtosoakintotheground
orspillintostormdrainscanpollutethewatersupply.Itcanalsobetoxic
towildlife.Thebestthingtodowithusedoilistorecycleit.Alotof
citieshaveoilrecyclingcenterswhereusedoilcanbedroppedoff.Some
evenpickupusedoilatthecurb.Therearealsomanyservicestations
thatacceptusedoilforrecycling.
Theusedoilyougivetocityworkersorothercollectorsisstoredin
largetanks.Whenatankisfull,thecollectorcallsahaulertopickitup.
Thehaulerpumpstheusedoilintoaspecialcollectiontruckandtakesit
toaprocessingplant.
Attheplant,theoilistestedforleadandotherwastesthatmustbe
removed.Anywaterintheoilmustbeboiledoffsothatonlytheoil
remains.Thentheoilistestedagaintomakesureitiscleanandsafeto
use.Thewholeprocesscostsfarlessthanrefiningcrudeoilfromthe
ground.
Oncetheoiliscleaned,itcanbeusedinmanyways.Someisused
inmotorsagainorasaheatingfuelforbuildingsorships.Manypower
plantsareabletouserecycledoiltoproduceelectricity.Justtwogallons
ofrecycledoilcanmakeenoughelectricitytopowerahomealldayand
allnight.Ifallcarownersrecycledtheirusedoil,wewouldsavemillions
ofgallonseveryyear.Justimaginehowmuchpowerthatoilcould
produce!
Recyclingoilisasmartmoveforusall.Itkeepsourwatercleanand
protectswildlife.Itprovidescheaperfuelandpower.Bestofall,itkeeps
apreciousresourceoutofthelandfillandonthejob!
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Gail Devers
Asachild,thegirlranconstantly.Sheenjoyedrunningracesagainst
herbrother,butshealwayslost.Thegirldidn’tgiveupandstarted
practicingandtraininghard.Soonshewasrunningfasterthanher
brother.ThisgirlwasGailDevers.Yearslater,shewouldbecomeoneof
thefastestrunnersintheworld.
Gailwasanexcellentrunner.Shewasonthetrackteaminhigh
schoolandincollege.ShewastrainingfortheOlympicgamesin1988
whenshebecameillwithamysteriousdisease.Hermuscleshurt,and
sometimesshecouldnotfeelherlegsatall.Thereweretimeswhenher
headhurtandshewouldfaint.Soonshecouldnotevenwalk.Ittook
severalyearsfordoctorstodiscoverwhatwaswrongwithGailand
figureouthowtohelphergetwell.Finallyshestartedtoimprove,and
onceagainshebegantotrainfortheOlympics.
AttheOlympicgames,Gailranfast,winningfirstplaceandearning
thegoldmedal.Sheransofastthatpeoplecalledherthe“World’s
FastestWoman.”AftertheOlympics,GailcompetedintheWorld
Championships,earningsevenmedalsthere.Shewongoldmedalsinthe
onehundredmeterdashandtheonehundredmeterhurdles.Itwasthe
firsttimeinmanyyearsthatarunnerwasfirstinbothoftheseevents.In
thenexttwoyears,Gailwonsomanyracesthatshewasnamedthebest
runnerintheworld.Thefollowingyear,Gailwontwomoregoldmedals
attheOlympicsinAtlanta,Georgia.
Gailknewshewouldnotalwaysbeabletorun,butshecouldhavea
lastingimpactonpeople’slives.ShecreatedtheGailDeversFoundation,
anorganizationthathelpspeoplewitheducation,health,andathletics.
Shewantedtoshowpeoplehowtodogoodthingstohelpothers.Her
messagetoothersistonevergiveupbecausehardworkleadstosuccess.
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A Day of Surprises
Itwasanidealdayformountainbiking.MysisterandIdidn’t
knowwhereweweregoingbecauseDadwantedtosurpriseus.Aswe
drove,hegaveuscluesaboutourdestination.Itwasatrailthatfollowed
nature’slead.Ithadahistory,anditwasnamedforagiantpit.Wetried
tofigureoutwhatthecluesmeant,butnoneofourguesseswerecorrect.
Afteranhour’sdrive,Dadpointedtoasignandannouncedthatwe
hadarrived.WewereattheQuarryRoadTrail!Oncewewereonour
bicycles,Dadexplainedhowthetrailmatchedhisclues.First,itfollowed
theAmericanRiver.Thatwasnature’slead.Second,minersfromthe
GoldRusherahadbuiltaflume,orwaterchute,alongsidethetrail.
Theychanneledwaterfromtheriverintotheflumeandthensearched
theshallowstreamforgold.Third,itwasnamedaftertheoldquarry,an
enormouspitwherepeopleexcavatedrocktouseinbuilding.
Thetraildidn’tseemparticularlysteep,butatthehalfwaypoint
wecouldfeelthestraininourlegs,sowestoppedtowadeintheriver.
Beforelong,wewerebackonourbikesandheadedfortrail’send.By
thetimewegotthere,weweredefinitelyreadytorest,sowerelaxedon
thegrassandwatchedpeopleraftingontheriverbelow.Thewaterwas
veryswiftthere,andrafterstippedoveriftheydidn’tnavigatecarefully.
Justpasttherapids,theywerecarriedoverasmallwaterfallintocalm
waters.Whentheylandedwithasplash,theycheeredtriumphantly.It
lookedlikegreatfun.That’swhenDadrevealedanothersurprise.We
werestayingovernightintheparkcabinssowecouldgoonarafting
expeditionthenextmorning!Mysistersquealedindelightandgaveme
ahigh-five.
“You’refulloffantasticsurprisestoday,Dad,”Isaid.
“I’vegotonemoresurprisethatI’msureyou’lllike,”hesaidwitha
wink.“Thetrailbacktothecarisdownhillalltheway!”
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Rodeo Dreams
Thebigdaywashereatlast,andhappycrowdsfilledtherodeo
grounds.Aftermonthsofwaiting,Benwasattherodeowaitingtoseehis
sister,Brook,compete.HisfamilyhaddrivenhalfwayacrossCanadato
beattheCalgaryStampede,thelargestrodeoinCanada.Brook’sevent
wasbarrelracing,andherdreamwastowinthebigcashprizeforher
collegefund.Itwouldn’tbeeasy.Onlythebestriderswereinvitedto
competeatthisrodeo.
Brookhadworkedhardforthismoment,andBenhadbeenher
biggestsupporter.Everyafternoon,hesetupherbarrelsinthecorral
whileshesaddledupherhorse,Flash.Sherodearoundthebarrelsagain
andagainwhileherbrothertimedherwiththestopwatch.IfBrook
knockedoverabarrel,Benhoppeddownfromthefenceandstoodit
backup.Eachtimeshegotalittlebitfaster,heholleredandthrewhishat
intheair.
AsBenwaitedforthebarrelracetobegin,theannouncer’sdeep,
friendlyvoicewelcomedtheaudience.Hecouldhardlybelievethat
todaytheannouncerwouldsayhissister’sname.Hissecretdreamwasto
hearhisownnameoverthatloudspeaker.Hewonderedifthatdaywould
evercome.
Atlast,thebarrelracebegan.Oneriderafteranothercameoutofthe
chuteandcircledthebarrels.Brookwasthelasttoride.SheandFlash
burstintothearenaandrodearoundthebarrelsinperfectform.When
hertimewasannounced,everyonestoodupandcheered.Brookand
Flashhadthefastesttime.Herdreamhadcometrue!
TheannouncercongratulatedBrookonherwinningrideandadded,
“Thisriderwantstosendoutabigthankyoutothepersonwhohelped
herwinthisevent.Let’sallgiveahandtoherbrotherBen.”
Benwasamazedwhenheheardhisnameannounced.Hecouldn’t
believethathissecretdreamhadcometrue,too.