to grow

Diatom Algae

in

Aquaculture Ponds & Fish

Farms1

Aquaculture Ponds and Polluted lakes have plenty of Nutrients – N and P.

Nualgi is made of Nano Silica and 10 micro nutrients.

Thus Nualgi completes the recipe for Photosynthesis.

Only Diatoms require silica, hence Nualgi is consumed only by Diatoms and not the other organisms in the water and only they grow.

Dosage is 1 liter for 2 surface acre, once in a week.

1 liter of Nualgi cause bloom of 200 to 1000 kgs of Diatoms. These give at least 200 to 1000 kgs of Oxygen.

200 kgs of Diatoms consume about 16 kgs of Nitrogen and 2 kg of Phosphorus. 2

Schematic diagram of the process triggered by

Diatoms provide oxygen to Aerobic Bacteria which breakdown the organic matter and these are consumed by the Diatoms and these by zooplankton and these by fish.

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Various types of Algae

Blue Green Algae, Green Algae, Dinoflagellets and Diatom Algae are major groups of algae.

Diatoms are the only algae with a silica body and are consumed by Zooplankton and these by fish.

Blue Green Algae, have cellulose cell walls and are not consumed by most zooplankton or by many fish, hence they accumulate in water and decompose. This makes them a nuisance.

Diatoms do not accumulate since they are consumed by Zooplankton and these by fish.

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DIATOM ALGAE Are small algae less than 1 mm in size.

Diatoms as a group are responsible for more than 50 % of the food produced in the oceans and 25% of all oxygen in the atmosphere.

The growing diatom algae absorb nutrients – N and P like any other algae or plant.

The oxygen released during photosynthesis helps aerobic bacteria in breaking down the organics and converting the pollutants to base constituents.

The total CO2 absorbed by Diatoms and oxygen released by them in the oceans is comparable to all the tropical rain forests put together, though Diatoms account for less than 0.5 % of total biomass on earth.

Most of the fossil petroleum in the world is said to have come from Diatoms.

The fossilized shells of Diatoms – Diatomaceous Earth is a very useful material used in pet food, grain silos, water filters, etc.

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Pond Before and after use of Nualgi

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BGA and Diatoms in a beakerbefore and after use of Nualgi

BGA bloom in a beaker The BGA floats up and Diatoms sediment

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Aquaculture Pond - Problems

Pollution due to uneaten feed and fish feces – Nutrients and sludge accumulates in the pond

High Nutrient levels cause bloom of Cyanobacteria / Blue Green Algae in the ponds.

Cyano species like Microcystis can be toxic to fish.

Decomposition of dead Cyano causes decline in Dissolved Oxygen.

Dead Cyano floats and blocks light to the water below and this too reduces DO.

Cyano is NOT the natural food for Zooplankton, Fish and Shrimp.

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Aquaculture Pond – Problems (cont..)

High cost of feed – usually fish meal or soya, rice bran, corn, etc.

Cost of aeration – electric or diesel powered mechanical aerators are prone to failure and expensive to maintain, do not aerate ponds uniformly.

Low DO and sludge is ideal for Anaerobic bacteria to grow and this causes infections to the fish.

Fish become lethargic and feed less if DO is low.18

Aquaculture Pond – Problems ( cont …)

Chemical fertilizers and Manure is used to grow Phytoplankton in the ponds.

But use of N P K fertilizers or manure may result in bloom of any algae – Green, Blue Green or Diatoms.

Green or Diatoms are good for the pond and fish.

BGA is bad.

How to grow good phytoplankton and keep out bad phytoplankton is the question ?

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Aquaculture Pond – Solutions

Nualgi contains Micro-nutrients – Iron, Zinc, Manganese, etc.

These are on a Nano Silica base.

Diatoms are the only algae that have a silica shell and hence consume silica.

Hence they consume Nualgi and use the micro-nutrients to grow.

Thus Nualgi ensures that Diatoms grow and other algae does not grow. 20

Videos on Youtube about Nualgi

Aquaculture :

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zV9XangaWaI

Polluted Lakes -

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jxoQa8jkW_U

Sampath Kumar’s Speech

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IefdNXMsxHw

Nualgi for Agriculture

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UFFSKgo56qo

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Thank you

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Contact InformationBob Squirrell

PH: +359 99199973FAX: +44 870 141 7378

Email: bob@nanolandglobal.comSkype: bobsquirrell