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Dian Fossey

Dian Fossey

Dian Fossey in November 1984 photograph by

Yann Arthus-Bertrand

Born January 16, 1932San Francisco, California, USA

Died December 26, 1985 (aged 53)Volcanoes National Park,Rwanda

Citizenship United States

Fields Ethology, primatology

Institutions Karisoke Research Center,Cornell University

Alma mater San Jose State University(B.A.,Occupational therapy,1954)University of Cambridge(Ph.D.,Zoology,1974)

Known for Study and conservation of themountain gorilla

Influences Jane Goodall,Louis Leakey,George Schaller

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Dian Fossey(/danfsi/; January 16, 1932 c.

December 26, 1985) was an American zoologistwho

undertook an extensive study of gorillagroups over a

period of 18 years. She studied them daily in the

mountain forests of Rwanda,initially encouraged to

work there by anthropologistLouis Leakey. Her 1983

book, Gorillas in the Mist, combines her scientific

study of the mountain gorillaat Karisoke Research

Centerwith her own personal story. Fossey was

murdered in 1985; the case remains open.[1 ]

Called one of the foremost primatologists in the world

while she was alive, Fossey, along with Jane Goodall

and Birut Galdikas, were the so-called Trimates, a

group of three prominent researchers on primates

(Fossey on gorillas; Goodall on chimpanzees; and

Galdikas on orangutans) sent by Leakey to study great

apes in their natural environments.[2][3]

Contents [hide]

1 Life and career

1.1 Education

1.2 Interest in Africa

1.3 Research in the Congo

2 Conservation work in Rwanda

2.1 Opposition to poaching

2.2 Opposition to tourism

2.3 Preservation of habitat

2.4 Digit Fund

3 Personal life

4 Death

4.1 Aftermath4.2 Speculation

5 Controversy

6 Scientific achievements

6.1 Cornell University and autobiography

7 Legacy

7.1 Books

7.1.1 Gorillas in the Mist

7.1.2All Watched Over by Machines of Loving

Grace

7.1.3 "Mutual of Omaha's Wild Kingdom:

Article Talk Read View source View history

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Reunion With the Gorillas"

8 Selected bibliography

8.1 Books

8.2 Scholarly articles

9 References

10 External links

Dian Fossey was born in San Francisco, Californiato George E. Fossey III, an insurance agent,

and Kathryn "Kitty" (Kidd) Fossey, a fashion model. [4 ]Her father was a US Navysailor. Her

parents divorced when Dian was aged 6.[5 ] Her mother remarried the following year, to

businessman Richard Price. Her father tried to keep in contact, but her mother discouraged it, an

all contact was subsequently lost.[4] Dians stepfather, Richard Price, never treated Dian as his

own child. He would not allow Dian to sit at the dining room table with him or Dians mother durin

dinner meals.[6 ]A man adhering to strict discipline, Richard Price offered Dian little to no

emotional support.[7 ]Struggling with personal insecurity, Dian turned to animals as a way to gain

acceptance.[8 ]Her love for animals began with her first pet goldfish and continued throughout he

entire life.[6 ]At age six, she began horse riding, earning a letter from her school; by her

graduation in 1954, Fossey had established herself as an equestrienne.

Educated at Lowell High School, following the guidance of her stepfather she enrolled in a

business course at the College of Marin. However, spending her summer on a ranch in Montana

at age 19 rekindled her love of animals, and she enrolled in a pre-veterinarycourse in biology at

the University of California, Davis. In defiance to her stepfathers wishes that she attend a

business school, Dian wanted to spend her professional life working with animals. As a

consequence, Dians parents failed to give her any substantial amount of financial support

throughout her adult life.[6 ]She supported herself by working as a clerk at White Front(a

department store), doing other clerking and laboratory work, and labouring as a machinistin afactory.

Although Fossey had always been an exemplary student, she had difficulties with basic sciences

including chemistryand physics, and failed her second year of the program. She transferred to

San Jose State Collegeto study occupational therapy, receiving her bachelor's degreein 1954.

Initially following her college major, Fossey began a career in occupational therapy.She interned

at various hospitals in California and worked with tuberculosispatients.[9 ]Fossey was originally a

prizewinning equestrian, which drew her to Kentucky in 1955, and a year later took a job as an

occupational therapist at the Kosair Crippled Childrens Hospital.[10]

Her shy and reserved personality allowed her to work well with the children at the hospital.[11]

Eventually another worker invited her to live with and become part of her family. Fossey lived on farm and worked with the livestock on a daily basis. While there she experienced an inclusive

family atmosphere that had been missing for most of her life, through the Henry family who owne

the farm.[12]During her free time she would pursue her love of horses.[13]In 1963 she took a

leave of absence to travel to Africa for seven weeks. In 1966 she quit her job once Louis Leakey

confirmed that she would receive funding for her research with the Mountain Gorillas.[14]

Fossey became friends with Mary White "Gaynee" Henry, secretary to the chief administrator at

the hospital and wife of one of the doctors, Michael J. Henry.[4 ]Fossey turned down an offer to[4 ]

Life and career

Education

Interest in Africa

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join the couple on an African tour due to lack of finances, but in 1963 she borrowed $8,000

(one year's salary), and went on a seven-week visit to Africa.[5]

In September 1963, she arrived in Nairobi,Kenya.[9 ]While there, she met actor William Holden,

owner of Treetops Hotel,[5 ] who introduced her to her safari guide, John Alexander. [5] Alexander

became her guide for the next seven weeks through Kenya, Tanzania,Democratic Republic of

Congo, and Zimbabwe.Alexander's route included visits to Tsavo, Africa's largest national park;

the saline lake of Manyara, famous for attracting giant flocks of flamingos; and the Ngorongoro

Crater, well known for its abundant wildlife.[9] The final two sites for her visit were Olduvai Gorge

in Tanzania (the archeological site of Louisand Mary Leakey); and Mt. Mikeno in Congo, where 1959, American zoologist George Schallerhad carried out a yearlong pioneering study of the

mountain gorilla. At Olduvai Gorge, Fossey met Leakey and his wife while they were examining

the area for hominidfossils.Leakey talked to Fossey about the work of Jane Goodalland the

importance of long-term research of the great apes.[9 ]Although she had broken her ankle while

visiting the Leakeys,[9 ]by October 16, Fossey was staying in Walter Baumgartel's small hotel in

Uganda,the Travellers Rest. Baumgartel, an advocate of gorilla conservation, was among the fir

to see the benefits that tourism could bring to the area, and he introduced Fossey to Kenyan

wildlife photographers Joanand Alan Root. The couple agreed to allow Fossey and Alexander to

camp behind their own camp, and it was during these few days that Fossey first encountered wild

mountain gorillas.[9 ]After staying with friends in Rhodesia, Fossey returned home to Louisville to

repay her loans. She published three articles in The Courier-Journalnewspaper, detailing her vis

to Africa.[5][9]

When Leakey made an appearance in Louisville while on a nationwide lecture tour, Fossey took

the color supplements that had appeared about her African trip in The Courier-Journalto show to

Leakey, who remembered her and her interest in mountain gorillas. Three years after the original

safari, Leakey suggested that Fossey could undertake a long-term study of the gorillas in the

same manner as Jane Goodallhad with chimpanzees in Tanzania. [15]

After studying Swahiliand auditing a class on primatology(the scientific study of primates) during

the eight months it took to get her visa and funding, Fossey arrived in Nairobi in December 1966

With the help of Joan Root and Leakey, Fossey acquired the necessary provisions and an old

canvas-topped Land Roverwhich she named Lily. On the way to the Congo, Fossey visited the

Gombe Stream Research Centreto meet Goodall and observe her research methods with

chimpanzees.[9 ]Accompanied by photographer Alan Root, who helped her obtain work permits f

the Virunga Mountains, Fossey began her field study at Kabara,in the Congo in early 1967, in th

same meadow where Schaller had made his camp seven years earlier.[16]Root taught her basic

gorilla tracking, and his tracker Sanwekwe later helped in Fossey's camp. Living in tents on main

tinned produce, once a month Fossey would hike down the mountain to Lily and make the two-

hour drive to the village of Kikumbato restock.[9 ]

Fossey identified three distinct groups in her study area, but could not get close to them. Sheeventually found that mimicking their actions and making grunting sounds assured them, together

with submissive behaviour and eating of the local celery plant. [16]She later attributed her succes

with habituating gorillas to her experience working as an occupational therapist with autistic

children.[15]Like George Schaller, Fossey relied greatly on individual noseprints for identificatio

initially via sketching and later by camera.[9 ]

Fossey had arrived in the Congo in locally turbulent times. Known as the Belgian Congountil its

independence in June 1960, unrest and rebellion plagued the new government until 1965, when

Lieutenant General Joseph-Dsir Mobutu,by then commander-in-chief of the national army,

seized control of the country and declared himself president for five years during what is now

Research in the Congo
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Holdenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Holdenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treetops_Hotelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Congohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Congohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsavohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manyarahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamingohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngorongorohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olduvai_Gorgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Leakeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Leakeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Schallerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Goodallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugandahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugandahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Roothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Roothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Courier-Journalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Goodallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swahili_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swahili_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primatologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Roverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gombe_Stream_National_Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virunga_Mountainshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabarahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabarahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kikumba&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgian_Congohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph-D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9_Mobutuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph-D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9_Mobutuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph-D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9_Mobutuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgian_Congohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kikumba&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabarahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virunga_Mountainshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gombe_Stream_National_Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Roverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primatologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swahili_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Goodallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Courier-Journalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Roothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Roothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugandahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Goodallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Schallerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Leakeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Leakeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olduvai_Gorgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngorongorohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamingohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manyarahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsavohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Congohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Congohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treetops_Hotelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Holdenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobi


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called the Congo Crisis.During the political upheaval, a rebellion and battles took place in the

KivuProvince. On July 9, 1967, soldiers arrived at the camp to escort Fossey and her research

workers down, and she was interned at Rumangabofor two weeks. Fossey eventually escaped

through bribery to Walter Baumgrtel's Travellers Rest Hotel in Kisoro,where her escort was

arrested by the Ugandan military.[9][17]Advised by the Ugandan authorities not to return to

Congo, after meeting Leakey in Nairobi, Fossey agreed with him against US Embassy advice to

restart her study on the Rwandan side of the Virungas.[9 ]In Rwanda, Fossey had met local

American expatriate Rosamond Carr,who introduced her to Belgianlocal Alyette DeMunck;

DeMunck had a local's knowledge of Rwanda and offered to find Fossey a suitable site forstudy.[9 ]

On September 24, 1967, Fossey founded the KarisokeResearch Center, a remote rainforestcam

nestled in Ruhengeriprovince in the saddle of two volcanoes. For the research center's name,

Fossey used Kari for the first four letters of Mt. Karisimbi that overlooked her camp from the

south, and soke for the last four letters of Mt. Visoke, the slopes of which rose to the north,

directly behind camp.[9 ]Established 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) up Mount Visoke, the defined study

area covered 25 square kilometres (9.7 sq mi).[18]She became known by locals as

Nyirmachabelli, roughly translated as "The woman who lives alone on the mountain."[19]

Unlike the gorillas from the Congo side of the Virungas, the Karisoke area gorillas had never bee

partially habituated by Schaller's study; they knew humans only as poachers, and it took longer fo

Fossey to be able to study the Karisoke gorillas at a close distance.[20]

Many research students left after not being able to handle the cold, dark, and extremely muddy

conditions around Karisoke on the slopes of the Virunga Volcanoes, where paths usually had to b

cut through six-foot-tall grass with a machete.[21]

While poachinghad been illegal in the national park of the Virunga Volcanoesin Rwanda since

the 1920s, the law was rarely enforced by park conservators, who were often bribed by poacherand paid a salary less than Fossey's own African staff. [15]On three occasions, Fossey wrote tha

she witnessed the aftermath of the capture of infant gorillas at the behest of the park conservator

for zoos; since gorillas will fight to the death to protect their young, the kidnappings would often

result in up to 10 adult gorillas' deaths. [15]Through the Digit Fund, Fossey financed patrols to

destroy poachers' traps in the Karisoke study area. In four months in 1979, the Fossey patrol

consisting of four African staffers destroyed 987 poachers' traps in the research area's vicinity. [22

The official Rwandan national park guards, consisting of 24 staffers, did not eradicate any

poachers' traps during the same period.[22] In the eastern portion of the park not patrolled by

Fossey, poachers virtually eradicated all the park's elephantsfor ivory and killed more than a

dozen gorillas.[22]

Dr. Fossey helped in the arrest of several poachers, some of whom served or are serving long

prison sentences.[23]

In 1978, Fossey attempted to prevent the export of two young gorillas, Coco and Pucker, from

Rwanda to the zooin Cologne, Germany. During the capture of the infants at the behest of the

Cologne Zoo and Rwandan park conservator, 20 adult gorillas had been killed. [24]The infant

gorillas were given to Fossey by the park conservator of the Virunga Volcanoesfor treatment of

injuries suffered during their capture and captivity. With considerable effort, she restored them to

some approximation of health. Over Fossey's objections, the gorillas were shipped to Cologne,

where they lived nine years in captivity, both dying in the same month.[15]She viewed the holdin

Conservation work in Rwanda

Opposition to poaching
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congo_Crisishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congo_Crisishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kivuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kivuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumangabohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisorohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisorohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosamond_Carrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosamond_Carrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karisokehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainforesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhengerihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poachinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poachinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virunga_Volcanoeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cologne_Zoological_Gardenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cologne,_Germanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virunga_Volcanoeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virunga_Volcanoeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virunga_Volcanoeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cologne,_Germanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cologne_Zoological_Gardenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virunga_Volcanoeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poachinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhengerihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainforesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karisokehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosamond_Carrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisorohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumangabohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kivuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congo_Crisis


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of animals in "prison" (zoos) for the entertainment of people as unethical.[25]

While gorillas from fringe groups on the mountains that were not part of Fossey's study had often

been found poached five to ten at a time, and had spurred Fossey to conduct her own anti-

poaching patrols, Fossey's study groups had not been direct victims of poaching until Fossey's

favorite gorilla Digit was killed in 1978. Later that year, the silverbackof Digit's Group 4, named f

Fossey's Uncle Bert, was shot in the heart while trying to save his son, Kweli, from being seized

by poachers cooperating with the Rwandan park conservator.[26]Kweli's mother, Macho, was als

killed in the raid, but Kweli was not captured due to Uncle Bert's intervention; however, three-

year-old Kweli died slowly and painfully of gangrene, from being brushed by a poacher'sbullet.[25][26]

According to Fossey's letters, ORTPN (the Rwandan national park system), the World Wildlife

Fund,African Wildlife Foundation, Fauna Preservation Society, the Mountain Gorilla Project and

some of her former students tried to wrest control of the Karisoke research center from her for th

purpose of tourism, by portraying her as unstable. In her last two years, Fossey claims not to hav

lost any gorillas to poachers; however, the Mountain Gorilla Project, which was supposed to patr

the Mount Sabyinyoarea, tried to cover up gorilla deaths caused by poaching and diseases

transmitted through tourists. Nevertheless, these organizations received most of the public

donations directed towards gorilla conservation. [15]The public often believed their money would

go to Fossey, who was struggling to finance her anti-poaching and bushmeat hunting patrols, whorganizations collecting in her name put it into tourism projects and as she put it "to pay the airfa

of so-called conservationists who will never go on anti-poaching patrols in their life." Fossey

described the differing two philosophies as her own "active conservation" or the international

conservation groups' "theoretical conservation."[23]

Dian Fossey strongly opposed tourism, as gorillas are very susceptible to diseases by humans lik

the flu for which they have no immunity. Dian Fossey reported several cases in which gorillas die

because of diseases spread by tourists. She also viewed tourism as an interference into their

natural wild behaviour.[15]Fossey also criticised tourist programs, often paid for by international

conservation organisations, for interfering with both her research and the peace of the mountain

gorillas' habitat.[23]Today, however, the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International recognizes the

importance of tourism in helping to create a stable and sustainable local community dedicated to

protecting the gorillas and their habitat. [27]

Fossey is responsible for the revision of a European Community project that converted parkland

into pyrethrumfarms. Thanks to her efforts, the park boundary was lowered from the 3,000-mete

line to the 2,500-meter line.[15]

Main article: Digit Fund

Sometime during the day on New Year's Eve1977, Fossey's favourite gorilla, Digit, was killed by

poachers. As the sentry of study group 4, he defended the group against six poachers and their

dogs, who ran across the gorilla study group while checking antelopetraplines. Digit took five

spear wounds in ferocious self-defence and managed to kill one of the poachers' dogs, allowing

the other 13 members of his group to escape.[28]Poachers sell gorilla hands as delicacies, mag

charms or to make ash trays.[29]Digit was decapitated, and his hands cut off for ashtrays, for th

price of $20. After his mutilated body was discovered by research assistant Ian Redmond,

Fossey's group captured one of the killers. He revealed the names of his five accomplices, three

Opposition to tourism

Preservation of habitat

Digit Fund
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silverback#Group_lifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangrenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wildlife_Fundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wildlife_Fundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wildlife_Fundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Wildlife_Foundationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Sabyinyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrethrumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digit_Fundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Year%27s_Evehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antelopehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antelopehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Redmondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Redmondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Redmondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antelopehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Year%27s_Evehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digit_Fundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrethrumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Sabyinyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Wildlife_Foundationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wildlife_Fundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wildlife_Fundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangrenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silverback#Group_lifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoo


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of whom were later imprisoned.[30]

Fossey subsequently created the Digit Fund(now the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International in

the USA)[31]to raise money for anti-poaching patrols.[25]In addition, a consortium of internation

gorilla funds arose to accept donations in light of Digit's death and increased attention on

poaching.[26]Fossey mostly opposed the efforts of the international organisations, which she felt

inefficiently directed their funds towards more equipment for Rwandan park officials, some of

whom were alleged to have ordered some of the gorilla poachings in the first place.[26]

The deaths of some of her most studied gorillas caused Fossey to devote more of her attention to

preventing poaching and less on scientific publishing and research. [26]Fossey became more

intense in protecting the gorillas and began to employ more direct tactics: she and her staff cut

animal traps almost as soon as they were set; frightened, captured and humiliated the poachers;

held their cattle for ransom; burned their hunting camps and even mats from their houses.[5]

Fossey also constantly challenged the local officials to enforce the law and assist her.

During her African safari, Fossey met Alexie Forrester, the brother of an African she had been

dating in Louisville; Fossey and Forrester later became engaged. In her later years, Fossey

became involved with National Geographicphotographer Bob Campbellafter a year of working

together at Karisoke, with Campbell promising to leave his wife.[5 ]Eventually the pair grew apart

through her dedication to the gorillas and Karisoke, along with his need to work further afield and

his marriage. In 1970, during her time in Cambridge to get her Ph.D., she discovered she was

pregnant and had an abortion, later commenting that "you can't be a cover girl for National

Geographicmagazine and be pregnant."[5 ]Fossey had other relationships throughout the years

and always had a love for children. [3 ]Since Fossey would rescue any abused or abandoned

animal she saw in Africa or near Karisoke, she acquired a menagerie in the camp, including a

monkey who lived in her cabin, Kima, and a dog, Cindy. Fossey held Christmas parties every yea

for her researchers, staffers, and their families, and she developed a genuine friendship with Jan

Goodall.[32]

Fossey had been plagued by lung problems from an early age, and later in her life, Fossey

suffered from advanced emphysemabrought on by years of heavy cigarette smoking.[33][34] As

the debilitating disease progressed further aggravated by the high mountain altitude and damp

climate Fossey found it increasingly difficult to conduct field research, frequently suffering from

shortness of breath and requiring the help of an oxygen tank when climbing or hiking long

distances.[35]

In the early morning of December 27, 1985, Fossey was discovered murdered in the bedroom of

her cabin located at the far edge of the camp in the Virunga Mountains, Rwanda.[36]Her body

was found face-up near the two beds where she slept, roughly 2 metres (7 ft) away from a hole

that her assailant(s) had apparently cut in the wall of the cabin.[36]Wayne Richard McGuire,

Fossey's last research assistant at Karisoke, was summoned to the scene by Fossey's house

servant and found her bludgeoned to death, reporting that "when I reached down to check her vita

signs, I saw her face had been split, diagonally, with one machete blow."[36]The cabin was

littered with broken glass and overturned furniture, with a 9-mm handgun and ammunition beside

her on the floor.[36]Robbery was not believed to be the motive for the crime, as Fossey's

valuables were still in the cabin, including her passport, handguns, and thousands of dollars in

U.S. bills and traveler's checks. [36]

[37]

Personal life

Death
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digit_Fundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Campbell_(photographer)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Goodallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Goodallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Goodallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emphysemahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_of_tobaccohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virunga_Mountainshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwandahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwandahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwandahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virunga_Mountainshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_of_tobaccohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emphysemahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Goodallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Goodallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Campbell_(photographer)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digit_Fund


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The last entry in her diary read:

When you realize the value of all life, you dwell less on what is past and concentrate

more on the preservation of the future.

Fossey is buried at Karisoke,[38][39] in a site that she herself had constructed for her deceased

gorilla friends. She was buried in the gorilla graveyard next to Digit, and near many gorillas killed

by poachers. Memorial services were also held in New York, Washington, and California. [40]

A will purported to be that of Fossey's stated that all of her money (including proceeds from the

film Gorillas in the Mist) should go to the Digit Fund to finance anti-poaching patrols[41]. Howeve

her mother Kitty Price challenged the will and was successful. [15]

After Fossey's death, her entire staff, including Rwelekana, a tracker she had fired months before

were arrested. All but Rwelekana, who was later found dead in prison, supposedly having hange

himself, were released.[15]

Rwandan courts later tried and convicted Wayne McGuire in absentiafor her murder. McGuire h

returned to the United States following the murder, and because no extraditiontreaty exists

between the U.S. and Rwanda, McGuire, whose guilt is still widely questioned, has not served h

sentence unless he returns to Rwandas jurisdiction. [15]

Following his return to the U.S., McGuire gave a brief statement at a news conference in Century

City, Los Angeles,saying Fossey had been his "friend and mentor", calling her death "tragic" and

the charges "outrageous".[42]Thereafter, McGuire was largely under the radar until 2005, when

news broke that he had been accepted for a job with the Health and Human Services division of

the State of Nebraska.The job offer was revoked upon discovery of his relation to the Fossey

case.[43]

On the night of Fossey's murder, a metal sheeting from her bedroom was removed at the only

place of the bedroom where it would not have been obstructed by her furniture, which supportsthe case that the murder was committed by someone who was familiar with the cabin and her

day-to-day activities.[according to whom? ]The sheeting of her cabin, which was normally securely

locked at night, might also have been removed after the murder to make it appear as if the killing

was the work of outsiders.[citation needed]

Farley Mowat's biography of Fossey, Woman in the Mists(New York, NY: Warner Books, 1987),

suggests that it is unlikely that she was killed by poachers. According to Mowat, it is unlikely that

stranger could have entered her cabin by cutting a hole and then going to her living-room to get

the panga, giving Fossey time to escape; the number of untouched valuables also makes it

unlikely to have been the act of a poor poacher. According to the book, poachers would have

been more likely to kill her in the forest, with little risk to themselves. Mowat hence believes thatshe was killed by those who viewed her as an impediment to the touristic and financial exploitatio

of the gorillas. According to Linda Melvern in her book Conspiracy to Murder, Protais

Zigiranyirazo, Prfet of Ruhengeri,animal trader and Rwanda's ex-president's brother- in- law,

could also have been "implicated in the murder of Dian Fossey in 1985." Quoting Nick Gordon,

author of a book about Fossey's death, "Another reason why she might have been murdered is

that she knew too much about the illegal trafficking by Rwanda's ruling clique." Protais

Zigiranyirazo also had strong financial interests in gorilla tourism.

Many of the organizations that opposed Fossey, including ORTPN (the Rwandan tourism office)

and other wildlife organizations, used and continue to use her name for their financial gain up to[15]

Af termath

Speculation
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorillas_in_the_Misthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial_in_absentiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraditionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Century_City,_Los_Angeleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Century_City,_Los_Angeleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Century_City,_Los_Angeleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Nebraskahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Nebraskahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_wordshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_wordshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farley_Mowathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farley_Mowathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woman_in_the_Mistshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woman_in_the_Mistshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machetehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protais_Zigiranyirazohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protais_Zigiranyirazohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhengerihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhengerihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhengerihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protais_Zigiranyirazohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protais_Zigiranyirazohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machetehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woman_in_the_Mistshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farley_Mowathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_wordshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Nebraskahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Century_City,_Los_Angeleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Century_City,_Los_Angeleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraditionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial_in_absentiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorillas_in_the_Mist


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this day. Weeks before her death, ORTPN refused to renew her visa, and pressure on Fosse

was mounting. However, Fossey managed to obtain a special two-year visa through Augustin

Nduwayezu, a benevolent Secretary-General in charge of immigration.[15]Mowat believes that th

extension of her visa amounted to a de facto death warrant.

Six months before her murder, AP East Africa Correspondent Barry Shlachter quoted Fossey in

one of her last interviews as saying that she was habituating gorillas only to whites because black

were the poachers.[citation needed]Fossey was reported to have captured and held Rwandans

whom she suspected of poaching and then stripped and beaten them with stinging nettles. [44] Th

extreme case of Fossey's vengeance triggered real concern from conservationists [who?] and

Rwandan officials[who?]about Fosseys mental stability and responsibility as a research center

director.[citation needed]After her murder, Fossey's National Geographiceditor, Mary Smith, told

Shlachter that the famed gorilla expert on visits to the United States would "load up on

firecrackers, cheap toys and magic tricks as part of her method to mystify the (Africans) -- hold

them at bay."[45]

Writing in The Wall Street Journalin 2002, Tunku Varadarajandescribed Fossey at the end of he

life as colourful, controversial, and "a racist alcoholic who regarded her gorillas as better than the

African people who lived around them." [5][46]

Fossey made discoveries about gorillas including how females transfer from group to group over

the decades, gorilla vocalization, hierarchies and social relationships among groups, rare

infanticide, gorilla diet, and how gorillas recycle nutrients. [47]Fossey's research was funded by th

Wilkie Foundation and the Leakey Home, with primary funding from the National Geographic

Society.[48]

By 1980, Fossey, who had obtained her PhD at Cambridge Universityin the UK, was recognizedas the world's leading authority on the physiology and behaviour of mountain gorillas, defining

gorillas as being "dignified, highly social, gentle giants, with individual personalities, and strong

family relationships."[4 ]

Fossey lectured as professor at Cornell University in 1981-1983. Her bestselling book Gorillas in

the Mistwas praised by Nikolaas Tinbergen,the Dutch ethologist and ornithologist who won the

1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine . Her book remains the best-selling book about

gorillas.[15]

After her death, Fossey's Digit Fund in the U.S. was renamed the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund

International.[49]The Karisoke Research Centeris operated by the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund

International, and continues the daily gorilla monitoring and protection that she started.

One of Fossey's friends, Shirley McGreal,[50]continues to work for the protection of primates

through the work of her International Primate Protection League(IPPL) one of the few wildlife

organizations that according to Fossey effectively promotes "active conservation".

Between Fossey's death until the 1994 Rwandan genocide, Karisoke was directed by former

students, some of whom had opposed her.[15]During the genocide and subsequent period of

insecurity, the camp was completely lootedand destroyed. Today only remnants remain of her

Controversy

Scientific achievements

Cornell University and autobiography

Legacy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_wordshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_wordshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunku_Varadarajanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolaas_Tinbergenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolaas_Tinbergenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey_Gorilla_Fund_Internationalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey_Gorilla_Fund_Internationalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karisoke_Research_Centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Primate_Protection_Leaguehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwandan_genocidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lootinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lootinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwandan_genocidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Primate_Protection_Leaguehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karisoke_Research_Centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey_Gorilla_Fund_Internationalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey_Gorilla_Fund_Internationalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolaas_Tinbergenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunku_Varadarajanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_wordshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_wordshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed


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cabin. During the civil war, the Virunga National Parkwas filled with refugees, and illegal logging

destroyed vast areas.

The Rwandan people adapted the traditional household baby naming ceremony Kwita Izina.

Her 82nd Birthday in 2014 was marked by a Google Doodleappearing on its Search Homepage

worldwide.[51]

Mowat's Virunga, whose British and U.S. editions are called Woman in the Mists: The Story of

Dian Fossey and the Mountain Gorillas of Africa, was the first book-length biography of Fossey,

and it serves as an insightful counterweight to the many omissions in Fossey's own story, being

derived from Fossey's actual letters and entries in her journals.

Harold Hayes'book The Dark Romance of Dian Fosseywas published in 1989 after extensive

interviews with people who lived and worked with Fossey. Haye's revealing book shows Fossey

candidly, flaws and all, in a less romanticized light than previous accounts, including details abou

her abuse of alcohol and problematic relationships with people. The film Gorillas in the Mistwas

based on Hayes' 1987 article in Lifemagazine, as cited in the film's credits, instead of Fossey's

self-edited autobiography by that title.

More recently, No One Loved Gorillas Morewritten by Camilla de la Bedoyere was published in

2005. It was published by National Geographicin the United Statesand Palazzo Editionsin the

United Kingdom.

Gorilla Dreams: The Legacy of Dian Fosseywas written by the investigative journalist Georgiann

Nienaber and published in 2006. This fictional account is a romanticized fantasy of Fossey's story

told as if in her own words from beyond the grave.

Additionally, the Kentucky OperaVisions Program, in Louisville,has written an operaabout

Fossey. The opera,entitled Nyiramachabelli, premiered on May 23, 2006.

Fossey is also prominently featured in a book by Vanity Fairjournalist Alex Shoumatoffcalled

African Madness, in which the author expands on Fossey's controversial behaviors, implying that

Fossey provoked her own murder by way of her private and public inflammatory interactions with

people.

Universal Studiosbought the film rights to Gorillas in the Mistfrom Fossey in 1985, and Warner

Bros. Studiosbought the rights to the Hayes article, despite its having been severely criticized by

Rosamond Carr.As a result of a legal battle between the two studios, a co-production was

arranged.

Portions of Gorillas in the Mistand the Hayes article were adapted for Gorillas in the Mist, starrin

Sigourney Weaver. The book covers Fossey's scientific career in great detail and omits material

on her personal life, such as her affair with photographer Bob Campbell. In the film, the affair wit

Campbell (played by Bryan Brown) forms a major subplot.

The Hayes article preceding the movie portrayed Fossey as a woman obsessed with gorillas, wh

would stop at nothing to protect them. The film includes scenes of Fossey's ruthless dealings with

poachers, including a scene in which she sets fire to a poacher's home.

In the 2011 BBC documentaryAll Watched Over by Machines of Loving Grace, Adam Curtisuse

Fossey as a symbol of the ideology of ecology,a balance of nature and western post-colonial

political exploits in Africa.

Books

Gorillas in the Mist

Al l Watched Over by Machines of Loving Grace
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ituri_conflicthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virunga_National_Park#Human_conflicthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwita_Izinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Doodlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woman_in_the_Mistshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Hayeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Hayeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorillas_in_the_Misthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palazzo_Editionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentucky_Operahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville,_Kentuckyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville,_Kentuckyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Shoumatoffhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Studioshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warner_Bros._Studioshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warner_Bros._Studioshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosamond_Carrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosamond_Carrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorillas_in_the_Misthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigourney_Weaverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Campbell_(photographer)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryan_Brownhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Watched_Over_by_Machines_of_Loving_Grace_(TV_series)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Curtishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Curtishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Watched_Over_by_Machines_of_Loving_Grace_(TV_series)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryan_Brownhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Campbell_(photographer)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigourney_Weaverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorillas_in_the_Misthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosamond_Carrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warner_Bros._Studioshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warner_Bros._Studioshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Studioshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Shoumatoffhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville,_Kentuckyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentucky_Operahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palazzo_Editionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorillas_in_the_Misthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Hayeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woman_in_the_Mistshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Doodlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwita_Izinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virunga_National_Park#Human_conflicthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ituri_conflict


10/13



This episode of the groundbreaking wildlife series, aired in 1984, features footage of Dr. Fossey

interacting with the great apes in the Viruna Mountains after being away from them for about thre

years. The documentary-style video is narrated by Dian Fossey and Marlin Perkins. She shares

some of her observations and personal experiences, concerning the gorillas in the band she had

spent so much time learning to understand. This video can be viewed on YouTube.

Dian Fossey: Gorillas in the Mist, Houghton Mifflin Company, 1983

"Living with mountain gorillas", in The Marvels of Animal Behavior208229 (T.B. Allen ed.,

National Geographic Society), 1972

D. Fossey & A.H. Harcourt: "Feeding ecology of free-ranging mountain gorilla (Gorilla gorilla

beringei)", in Primate Ecology: Studies of Feeding and Ranging Behaviour in Lemurs, Monkey

and Apes415447 (Tim Clutton-Brocked., Academic Press), 1977

"Development of the mountain gorilla (Gorilla gorilla beringei) through the first thirty-six

months", in The Great Apes139186 (D.A. Hamburg & E.R. McCown eds., Benjamin-

Cummings), 1979

"An amiable giant: Fuertes's gorilla", Living Bird Quarterly1(summer): 2122, 1982.

"Mountain gorilla research, 1974", Nat. Geogr. Soc. Res. Reps.14: 243258, 1982

"Mountain gorilla research, 19711972", Nat. Geogr. Soc. Res. Reps.1971 Projects, 12: 237

255, 1980

"Mountain gorilla research, 19691970", Nat. Geogr. Soc. Res. Reps.1969 Projects, 11: 173

176, 1978

The behaviour of the mountain gorilla, Ph.D. diss. Cambridge University, 1976

"Observations on the home range of one group of mountain gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei)",

Anim. Behav.22: 568581, 1974"Vocalizations of the mountain gorilla (Gorilla gorilla beringei)",Anim. Behav.20: 36-531972

1. ^ Notable American Women: A Biographical

Dictionary, Volume 5: Completing the

Twentieth Century by Susan Ware and Stacy

Braukman P. 221, Radcliffe Institute for

Advanced Study - (2004) ISBN 0-674-01488-

X

2. ^ Robertson, Nan (May 1981). "Three Who

Have Chosen a Life in the Wild" . B. TheNew York Times.p. 4.

3. ^ ab Willis, Delta (July 15, 1990). "Some

Primates Weren't Meant To Be Trusted" .

The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-07-08.

4. ^ ab c d e"Dian Fossey" . Webster.edu.

Retrieved 2009-12-14.

5. ^ ab c d efg h i"Karisoke Revisited - A Study

of Dian Fossey" . innominatesociety.com.


6. ^ ab c Mowat, Farley. Woman in the Mists:

26. ^ ab c d eMowat, pp. 187190

27. ^ http://gorillafund.org/travel?

utm_source=homepage&utm_medium=trave

28. ^ "Dian Fossey text - P5" . National

Geographic. Retrieved 2009-12-14.

29. ^ Goodavage, Maria (18 October 2012).

"Gorilla Poaching: The Sad, Savage

Reality" . Take Part. Retrieved 16 January

2014.

30. ^ "Dian Fossey text - P6" . National

Geographic. Retrieved 2009-12-14.

31. ^ This organisation is unaffiliated with the

Gorilla Organization in the UK, which uses

Dian's name although it no longer funded he

work after Digit's death.

32. ^ Mowat, pp. 269

33. ^ "Gorillas' Protector on the Hunt for

Poachers" . The Palm Beach Post. Octobe

"Mutual of Omaha's Wild Kingdom: Reunion With the Gorillas"

Selected bibliography

Books

Scholarly articles

References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Clutton-Brockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/067401488Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/067401488Xhttp://www.nytimes.com/1981/05/01/style/three-who-have-chosen-a-life-in-the-wild.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/1981/05/01/style/three-who-have-chosen-a-life-in-the-wild.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Timeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Timeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Timeshttp://www.nytimes.com/1990/07/15/books/some-primates-weren-t-to-be-trusted.html?scp=1&sq=galdikas%20fossey%20goodall&st=csehttp://www.nytimes.com/1990/07/15/books/some-primates-weren-t-to-be-trusted.html?scp=1&sq=galdikas%20fossey%20goodall&st=csehttp://www.webster.edu/~woolflm/fossey.htmlhttp://www.innominatesociety.com/Articles/Karisoke%20Revisited.htmhttp://www.innominatesociety.com/Articles/Karisoke%20Revisited.htmhttp://gorillafund.org/travel?utm_source=homepage&utm_medium=travel&utm_campaign=homepagetravelhttp://gorillafund.org/travel?utm_source=homepage&utm_medium=travel&utm_campaign=homepagetravelhttp://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/07/archive/fossey-gorillas-1981/dian-fossey-text/5http://www.takepart.com/article/2012/10/17/baby-gorilla-poachinghttp://www.takepart.com/article/2012/10/17/baby-gorilla-poachinghttp://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/07/archive/fossey-gorillas-1981/dian-fossey-text/6http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=VBEjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=O84FAAAAIBAJ&pg=1038%2C1557499http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=VBEjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=O84FAAAAIBAJ&pg=1038%2C1557499http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=VBEjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=O84FAAAAIBAJ&pg=1038%2C1557499http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=VBEjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=O84FAAAAIBAJ&pg=1038%2C1557499http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/07/archive/fossey-gorillas-1981/dian-fossey-text/6http://www.takepart.com/article/2012/10/17/baby-gorilla-poachinghttp://www.takepart.com/article/2012/10/17/baby-gorilla-poachinghttp://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/07/archive/fossey-gorillas-1981/dian-fossey-text/5http://gorillafund.org/travel?utm_source=homepage&utm_medium=travel&utm_campaign=homepagetravelhttp://gorillafund.org/travel?utm_source=homepage&utm_medium=travel&utm_campaign=homepagetravelhttp://www.innominatesociety.com/Articles/Karisoke%20Revisited.htmhttp://www.innominatesociety.com/Articles/Karisoke%20Revisited.htmhttp://www.webster.edu/~woolflm/fossey.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/1990/07/15/books/some-primates-weren-t-to-be-trusted.html?scp=1&sq=galdikas%20fossey%20goodall&st=csehttp://www.nytimes.com/1990/07/15/books/some-primates-weren-t-to-be-trusted.html?scp=1&sq=galdikas%20fossey%20goodall&st=csehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Timeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Timeshttp://www.nytimes.com/1981/05/01/style/three-who-have-chosen-a-life-in-the-wild.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/1981/05/01/style/three-who-have-chosen-a-life-in-the-wild.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/067401488Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/067401488Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Clutton-Brock


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The Story of Dian Fossey and the Mountain

Gorillas of Africa. New York, NY: Warner,

1987. Print.

7. ^ Washam, Cynthia. "Fossey, Dian."

Environmental Encyclopedia. 4th ed. Vol. 1.

Detroit: Gale, 2011. 701-703. Gale Virtual

Reference Library. Web. 28 Feb. 2013.

8. ^ "Fossey, Dian." The Scribner Encyclopedia

of American Lives. Ed. Kenneth T. Jackson,

Karen Markoe, and Arnold Markoe. Vol. 1:1981-1985. New York: Charles Scribner's

Sons, 1998. 294-296. Gale Virtual Reference

Library. Web. 28 Feb. 2013.

9. ^ ab c d efg h ijklmn "Dian Fossey Life" .

Gorilla Fund. Retrieved 2009-12-14. [dead link ]

10. ^ Washam, Cynthia (2011). Environmental

Encyclopedia(4 ed.). Detroit. pp. 701703.

11. ^ Jackson, Kenneth (1998). The Scribener

Encyclopedia. New York: Charles Scribner's

Sons. pp. 294296.

12. ^ Kenneth T. Jackson, Karen Markoe, and

Arnold Markoe, ed. (1998). The Scribner

Encyclopedia of American Lives. New York:

Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 294.

13. ^ Encyclopedia of World Biography (2 ed.).

Detroit. 2004. pp. 2324.

14. ^ The Scribner Encyclopedia of American

Lives|year=1998|publisher=Charles Scribner's

Sons|location=New York|pages=294-

296|editor=Kenneth T. Jackson, Karen

Markoe, and Arnold Markoe

15. ^ ab c d efg h ijklmn o Mowat, Farley.

Woman in the Mists: The Story of DianFossey and the Mountain Gorillas of Africa.

Warner Books, 1987.

16. ^ ab Montgomery, p. 136

17. ^ "About Dian Fossey - Info about the Life of

Dian Fossey" . Gorillafund.org. 2013-11-16.


18. ^ "Dian Fossey text" . National Geographic.


19. ^ Montgomery, p. 130


21. ^ Montgomery, pp. 1312

22. ^ ab c Mowat,p. 223

23. ^ ab c Mowat,pp. 1745

24. ^ Mowat, pp. 748

25. ^ ab c Fossey, Dian : Gorillas in the Mist.

1983

24, 1985. p. B8. "A tall Californian, Fossey

has emphysema. Nonetheless, she chain-

smokes the local Impala brand of cigarettes.

34. ^ "Naturalist Dian Fossey Slain at Camp in

RwandaAmerican Was Expert on Mountai

Gorillas; Assailants Hunted" . Los Angeles

Times. December 29, 1985.

35. ^ Nienaber, Georgianne (April 14, 2006). "In

Search of Dian Fossey's Ghost: a "Gorillas i

the Mist" Pilgrimage" . articlesengine.com.36. ^ ab c d eBrower, Montgomery (February

1986). "The Strange Death of Dian

Fossey" . People.

37. ^ "Dian Fossey" . dian-fossey.com.


38. ^ Salak, Kira. "PLACES OF DARKNESS:

AFRICA'S MOUNTAIN GORILLAS" .

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39. ^ Salak, Kira. "Photos from "PLACES OF

DARKNESS: AFRICA'S MOUNTAIN

GORILLAS"" . National Geographic

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41. ^ http://www.apnewsarchive.com/1988/Judg

Rules-Dian-Fossey-s-Will-Invalid/id-

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Killing Famous Naturalist; Conspiracy

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43. ^ "Job Offer Rescinded" . WOWT.14-Mar

2005. Retrieved 16-Jan-2014.

44. ^ Washington Post, Gorillas in the mist film

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45. ^ Shlachter, Barry. "A Neighborhood Feud?

The strange life and gruesome death of Dia

Fossey", July 8, 1986, Boston Phoenix

46. ^ By Tunku VaradarajanTunku Varadarajan

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Bibliography

Mowat, Farley(1987). Woman in the Mists. New York, NY: Warner Books. p. 380. ISBN0-446-51360-

Montgomery, Sy (1991). Walking with the Great Apes. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Co. p. 280.

ISBN0395515971.
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[hide]VTE

Dian Fossey at the Internet Movie Database

Dian Fossey at Find a Grave

Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International

International Primate Protection League

The Legacy of Dian Fossey

Fossey's first article for National Geographic, 1970

Dian Fossey eco money with quoteJanuary 1970 article by Fossey in National Geographic - with pictures

Murder in the Mist solved? Animal Welfare Institute Quarterly

This article gives some information about the degradation of Dian's relationship with National

Geographic Society prior to her death

Ape-related articles

Ape species

Human(Homo sapiens)Chimpanzee(Panspp.)

Bonobo(Pan paniscus)

Common chimpanzee(Pan troglodytes)Gorilla(Gorillaspp.)

Western gorilla(Gorilla gorilla)

Eastern gorilla(Gorilla beringei)Orangutan(Pongospp.)

Bornean orangutan(Pongo abelii)Sumatran orangutan(Pongo pygmaeus)

Gibbon(family:Hylobatidae)

Ape study

Ape languageDian Fossey Birut GaldikasJane Goodall

Chimpanzee genome project Human genome project

Neanderthal genome project Willie Smits

Lone Drscher NielsenIan Redmond

Iowa Primate Learning SanctuaryBorneo Orangutan Survival

Legal and social statusPersonhoodResearch banKinshasa Declaration

Great Ape ProjectSurvival Project

See also

List of apes(non-human)Bushmeat

List of fictional primatesHuman evolutionMythic humanoids

BigfootYerenYetiGreat apes

Author ity control

WorldCat VIAF:44310111 LCCN:n80118332 ISNI:0000 0000 7359 7224

GND: 118843427 SUDOC: 02953044X BNF: cb12015276n

NDL: 00439892

Categories: 1932 births 1985 deaths Alumni of Darwin College, Cambridge

American anthropologists American mammalogists American people murdered abroad

American scientists Deaths by blade weapons Ethologists Murder in 1985

Murdered scientists People from San Francisco, California People murdered in Rwanda

Primatologists San Jose State University alumni Scientists from California

Unsolved murders in Rwanda Women zoologists

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