DIAM : Towards a Model for Describing Appropriation Processes Through the Evolution of Digital...
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DIAM : TOWARDS A MODEL FOR DESCRIBING APPROPRIATION PROCESSES THROUGH THE EVOLUTION OF DIGITAL ARTIFACTS
Amaury Belin, Yannick PriéUniversité de Lyon, CNRS Université Lyon 1
LIRIS, UMR5205, [email protected]@liris.cnrs.fr
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MOTIVATIONS
Appropriation of Digital Technology
Important topic in design Complex processMultiple dimensions
Scattered body of works and theoriesTaken from social perspectiveDistant from technical concern
Literature
Problem
Context Knowledge work Digital ToolsMediation
Contribution • A model to see appropriation through the evolution of digital artifacts
• An additional way to consider appropriation
evolution of digital material
artifact oriented objective
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OUTLINE
1. Appropriation of (digital) Technology
2. Digital Instrument Appropriation Model (DIAM)
3. Validation of the DIAM Model : Case Study
4. Conclusion & Perspectives
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APPROPRIATION OF TECHNOLOGY
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Customization
Assigning new functionsUser Artifact
Organization
“Appropriation is the way in which technologies are adopted, adapted and incorporated into working practice.“ [Dourish, 2003]
Appropriation
Reorganization of activity
New skills and knowledge
Practice SharingCollaborative Settings
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APPROPRIATION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY
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InformationConceptualization
Developing new understandings of
information
User Digital Device
Digital Representations
Appropriation
Bridgingthe
Setting up information structures
Gap
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A MODEL FOR APPROPRATION: REQUIREMENTS
• Account for the richness of appropriation process
• Variety of related processes• Situated into a social / cultural / technological
context
• Explain specifics of digital technology appropriation
• Gap between user and digital representations• Structures and operations to bridge this gap
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OUTLINE
1. Appropriation of (digital) Technology
2. Digital Instrument Appropriation Model (DIAM)• Theoritical Fundation : Instrumental Theory• Static model of an appropriated artifact• Exemple of an artifact (re)appropriation• Dynamic model of artifact appropriation
3. Validation of the DIAM Model : Case Study
4. Conclusion & Perspectives
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Function
User
Artifact
Customization
Developing skills & strategies
Functional perception
UtilizationSchemes
Abstraction of a functional unit :
Instrument
[Rabardel & Bourmaud, 2003]
Object
DIAM : INSTRUMENTAL THEORY
Set of Goals
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DIAM : DIGITAL INSTRUMENT ?
FunctionArtifact
UtilizationSchemes
User
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User
ArtifactComponent
“I’ll be really busy next week !”
User particularization
User particularization
Appropriation Schema
DIGITALINSTRUMENT (STATIC) Data StructureInteraction Structure
SchemesComponent
Utilization Schemes
DataSchema
InteractionSchema
Function
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DIAM: A STATIC INSTRUMENT
Appropriation
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DIAM: INSTRUMENT EVOLUTION
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DIAM: INSTRUMENT EVOLUTION
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DIAM: INSTRUMENT EVOLUTION
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DIAM: INSTRUMENT EVOLUTION
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DIAM: INSTRUMENT EVOLUTION
Problem
New Category
Duplication
Solution=> New Habits
1
2
3
4
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DIAM: INSTRUMENT EVOLUTION
Problem
New Category
Duplication
Solution=> New Habits
1
2
3
4
1
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DIAM: INSTRUMENT EVOLUTION
Problem
New Category
Duplication
Solution=> New Habits
1
2
3
4
1
2
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DIAM: INSTRUMENT EVOLUTION
Problem
New Category
Duplication
Solution=> New Habits
1
2
3
4
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2
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DIAM: INSTRUMENT EVOLUTION
Problem
New Category
Duplication
Solution=> New Habits
1
2
3
4 4
3
2
1
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DIAM: INSTRUMENT EVOLUTION
4
3
2
1
Problem
Duplication
Solution=> New Habits
1
2
3
4
New Category
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User
ArtifactComponent
User particularization
User particularization
Appropriation Schema
DIGITALINSTRUMENT (DYNAMIC)MODEL
Data StructureInteraction Structure
SchemesComponent
Utilization Schemes
DataSchema
InteractionSchema
Function
Circulation initiated by the user
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Circulation initiated by the designer
Designer
User
ArtifactComponent
User particularization
User particularization
Appropriation Schema
DIGITALINSTRUMENT (DYNAMIC)MODEL
Data StructureInteraction Structure
SchemesComponent
Utilization Schemes
DataSchema
InteractionSchema
Function
Circulation initiated by the user
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Circulation initiated by the designer
Designer
User
ArtifactComponent
User particularization
User particularization
Appropriation Schema
DIGITALINSTRUMENT (DYNAMIC)MODEL
Data StructureInteraction Structure
SchemesComponent
Utilization Schemes
DataSchema
InteractionSchema
Function
Circulation initiated by the user
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OUTLINE
1. Appropriation of (digital) Technology
2. Digital Instrument Appropriation Model (DIAM)
3. Validation of the DIAM Model : Case Study
4. Conclusion & Perspectives
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CASE STUDY: PRESENTATION
• Context• 7 Cinema Researchers• New Video Annotation Tool• Collaborative Movie Analysis Practice
• Research Question• To what extent does DIAM help to describe
appropriation?
• Material• Pre & Post Interviews (14)• On field-observations• Interaction traces & Screenshots
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CASE STUDY: CIRCULATIONS 1
Graphical User Interface of Lignes de Temps
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28Graphical User Interface of Lignes de Temps
CASE STUDY: CIRCULATIONS 2
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The model helps to describe appropriation
• Explain user particularization of information structures
The model fails into taking into account
• Instrument based on multiple-tool• Collaborative dimension of appropriation
Potential of interaction traces
• Detect circulation and moment of instrumental instability
• Detect utilization schemes
CASE STUDY : CONCLUSION
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• A dynamic model to describe evolutions of digital artifact over the appropriation process
• Extending Instrumental Theory• Taking into account specifics about appropriation of
digital artifacts
• First experimentation promising
• Key concepts to design and evaluate appropriability of artifacts
CONCLUSIONS
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PERSPECTIVESFine-grained modelling of interaction level
Understand the role of mediation over users’ representation of data
Overstepping the « 1 Instrument = 1 Application » simplification
Towards appropriation-aware technology ?
• From interaction traces to appropriation traces• Better understanding of usage evolution over time• Assist user with instrumental development