Dialight Corporation

BOS-CON, Sept 12th

Dialight Corporation

BOS-CON, Sept 12th

Incandescent Strobe

LED

Obstruction Lighting Basics

Your speaker….Doug Woehler / Dialight Corporation

Prior 1984: Living “large”1984-1991: USMC-Camp Pendleton, CA1991-1994: Hali-Brite (Electrical Tech) 1994-1994: Concordia University -Crosby, MN1994-2000: H&P/Honeywell (Sales Manager) – Seattle, WA

Aircraft (GPS) Landing systemsAirport LightingObstruction lighting

2000-2006: Dialight (Product Development Mgr.)Obstruction LightingHazloc (explosion proof)Rail Lighting

Overview of presentation• Purpose of Obstruction Lighting• History, Regulations, Specifications• Lighting Systems Configurations and Types• Lighting Technologies• LED Technology Overview• LED “Challenges and Concerns”• Manufacturer responsibility• Controllers & Alarms• Recommended maintenance procedures• Question and answers

Purpose of Obstruction Lighting

HistoryThe Evolution of Tower Lighting

- Red Code Beacon (300mm) and sidelights

- White Strobe, High Intensity

- White Strobe, Medium Intensity

- Red/White Dual Strobe, Medium Intensity

- Red LED Sidelight

- Red LED Beacon, Medium Intensity

- FAA Advisory Circular 70/7460-1

“Obstruction Marking and Lighting”

- FAA Advisory Circular 150/5345-43 “Specification for “Obstruction Lighting Equipment”

- FAA Engineering Brief 67

- FCC Part 17

- ICAO Annex 14

- VAP Draft Specification

- Transport Canada CAR 621.19 (formerly TP-382E)

- Secretary Communications-Mexico

- IEC Draft

Lighting Regulations / Certifications

Red lighting/paint is an option for any height tower for daytime marking.

Medium Intensity white lighting may be used in lieu of paint on structures up to 500’ tall.

High Intensity white lighting may be used in lieu of paint on structures over 500’ tall.

FAA Tower Lighting Configurations

TYPE A Red Lighting System

TYPE B High Intensity White

TYPE C High Intensity White with AOL’s (on appurtenance)

TYPE D Medium Intensity White

TYPE E Dual Lighting SystemRed / White Medium Intensity

TYPE F Dual Lighting SystemRed / High Intensity WhiteDual RED/White Medium Intensity Beacon on Appurtenance Over 40’ Tall

Day: Aviation orange and white paint

Night/Twilight: Flashing red beacons & steady burning obstruction lights (2000 candela

and 32 candela)

Light Sources: Incandescent, Strobe and LED

Advantages: Least complex lighting systemRelatively low purchase price

Disadvantages: Painting increases life cycle cost

Red Lighting Systems

Flashing Red BeaconsFAA Designations: L-864 Beacon

ICAO Designation: Medium Intensity Red Light

Industry Jargon: Red Beacon, 300mm Beacon, 864

Steady Burning Obstruction Lights

FAA Designation: L-810

ICAO Designation: Low Intensity Light

Industry Jargon: Sidelight, Steady-Burner, OBs, Marker Light, L-810

Medium Intensity White only Lighting Day/Twilight: 20,000 candela white

Night: 2,000 candela white-no sidelights required

Advantages: No painting requiredLess expensive than dual lighting

Disadvantages: White strobes at night canirritate neighbors, High voltage, High tech components can mean expensive maintenance

Light Sources: Xenon gas strobe tubes

Medium Intensity StrobesFAA Designation: L-865

ICAO Designation: Medium Intensity White Light

Industry Jargon: Medium Intensity Strobe, White Strobe

Medium Intensity Dual Strobe SystemsDay/Twilight: 20,000 candela white

Night: Flashing red strobe & steady burning obstruction lights (2000 candela and 32 candela)

Light Sources: Xenon gas strobe tubes

Advantages: No painting required, strobes brighterEfficient light source

Disadvantages: High voltage, High tech components can mean expensive maintenance

Medium Intensity Dual StrobesFAA Designation: L-864 / L-865

ICAO Designation: Medium Intensity Dual Light

Industry Jargon: Dual Strobe

High Intensity Strobe SystemsDay: 200,000 candela white

Twilight: 20,000 candela white

Night: 2,000 candela white

Advantages: No painting required

Less expensive than dual lighting

Disadvantages: White strobe at night can

irritate neighbors, very expensive to maintain

High Intensity Strobes

FAA Designation: L-856 for tall structures

ICAO Designation: High Intensity White Light

Industry Jargon: High Intensity Strobe

Light Sources

• What are the options & what’s the best?

- Incandescent

- Strobe

- LED

Incandescent Light SourcesAdvantages :

Lowest “up front cost” Numerous distribution sources Fairly resilient to lightning Plug and play to most broadcast towers

Disadvantage : Short lamp life, high “reoccurring costs”Frequent maintenance Susceptible to vibration damageExtremely inefficient, Consumes lots of power

Light Pollution, ground effects!

Strobe / Xenon gas Light SourcesAdvantages : -Longer life technology than incandescent.

-Efficient power consumption-Numerous distribution sources

Disadvantage : -Large “upfront” costs-Proprietary replacement technology-New electrical infrastructure-Limited lamp life, depending on design-EMI / RF issues and ozone release-Expensive High Voltage replacement

components-Expensive maintenance costs- Light Pollution, ground effects!

Light Emitting Diodes!• LED obstruction lighting

– Advantages• Lowest cost of ownership• Plug and play with existing infrastructure, 120VAC• Solid State, extremely robust ad reliable, impervious to

shock/vibration.• Extremely energy efficient power consumption. 48 Watt beacon• Precision optics. Warranted performance!• No EMI created or susceptibility• Not prone to damage from surge/lighting. • Numerous distribution sources

– Disadvantages• Reputable manufacturer with extreme knowledge of LED based

products is a must!

LED’s (Light emitting diodes)Development timeline

-60’s & 70’s calculators and watches

-80’s: Interior uses such as panels, PC’s

-90’s: Traffic Intersections & Brake lights

-2000 Obstruction, railroad, aircraft,

-2005 - UL, Class 1 Div 2 area white lighting

-Today and beyond: General illumination!

Making the transition…..

• Going from a light bulb to a light engine– Generally, a single LED cannot replace a single light

bulb• A “Light Engine” is required

A revolution in lighting…LED’s

Electrical Discharge

Lamps

Fluorescent

Incandescent

Metal Halide

Mercury Vapor

Tungsten Halogen

Conventional Incandescent

150

100

50

0

1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020

Lu

min

ou

s E

ffic

ienc

y (lu

me

ns/

wa

tt)

Light Emitting Diodes

High Pressure Sodium

ShapedReflectors

All LEDs are not the SameAll LEDs are not the Same

Cathode Lead

LED Chip

Anode Lead

Reflector Cup

Epoxy Dome Lens

Gold Wire Bond5mm

High-Flux LED

LED Chip

Slug

Cathode Lead

BodyPlastic Lens

Anode Lead

Use the Right Technology for the right job!

SnapLED Through-Hole Surface Mount

High Flux Surface Mount Technology

5mm vs. High Flux performance Comparison

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Temperture (Degrees C)

Intn

es

ity

(C

an

de

las

)

500 Candelas @ 25 O C

63%

34%

10%

LED performance is influenced by temperature

LED degradation increases with current density

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000

On-Time (Hours)

Re

lati

ve In

ten

sit

y

1.45 A/mm2 1.03 A/mm2 0.41 A/mm2 0.21 A/mm2

Current Densities

Concerns and Challenges: Defining End of Life?

• What is the difference between the end of life of an LED and that of a halogen or incandescent lamp?

– Incandescent/Halogen is catastrophic…whereas a LED light output degrades

• The question one should ask is:

– What is the USEFUL LIFE or EFFECTIVE LIFE of an LED fixture?

• Completely dependent on many variables

Ultimate Solution: Responsible Designs and Manufacturer Warranties

Manufacturers must take the lead to ensure that their products meet the minimum operational and intensity

requirements at the end of the product’s warranty period!

A side note….controller and monitoring systems

• Dialight DOES NOT manufacture controllers or produce lighting “systems” as our focus is on LED technology.– We focus on upgrading / retrofitting existing lighting

systems to LED based fixtures– Installing new LED fixtures with the partnerships with the

industry OEM’s. • Please contact the vendor of your choice or visit our website for a

list of our existing distributors and OEM partners.

Minimum Maintenance Procedures

• All technologies– Clean exterior optical portions of fixture– Inspect and verify controller failure modes by creating a fault– Inspect conduit & wiring for degraded connections

• Incandescent– Ensure minimum of 120 VAC at lamp– Inspect Gaskets & Seals around Fresnel lenses

• Strobe Tube– Inspect high voltage controller capacitors and trigger cards– Inspect fixture wiring and terminals for corrosion (Ozone)– Re-lamp tubes per manufactures warranty (2-3 years)

• LED– Re-lamp and install new gasket every 10-12 years– Ensure 85 VAC at lamp

Questions??Dialight Corp

1501 Route 34 South

Farmingdale, NJ 07727

732 -991-2837

www.dialight.com