Diabetes MellitusLora Stowitzky

Statistics

Affects 23.6 million people in the U.S.

- Diagnosed: 17.9 million people

- Undiagnosed: 5.7 million people

7th leading cause of death in the U.S

(2006)

What is Diabetes?

A chronic disease in which the body can not properly use or make insulin.

Insulin- a hormone made in the pancrease that turns sugar (glucose) into energy for the body to use

What happens without insulin?

Lack of insulin

Build up of glucose in the blood (hyperglycemia)

Symptoms of Diabetes

Mellitus

Symptoms

Frequent urination Excessive thirst Extreme hunger

- Cells are starved for energy Unexplained weight loss

- Insulin can not trigger the storage of fat Fatigue Delayed wound healing

Type I Diabetes Mellitus Juvenile diabetes Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Autoimmune disorder The body destroys the cells that

make the insulin Thus, the body can no longer

produce insulin

Type I Diabetes Mellitus

Usually diagnosed in children & young adults ( <30 years old)

5-10% of diabetics

Type I Diabetes Mellitus

RISK factors:

- Genetics

- Autoimmune history

Type I is not preventable

Type I Treatment

Glucose monitoring often Insulin injections Exercise Diet Follow up with doctor Educate yourself!

Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

Body makes insulin but most cells do not use insulin properly

Insulin resistance Slowly, the pancreas stops making

insulin.

Type II Diabetes Mellitus

90-95 % of diabetics RISK factors

- Older age

- Family history

- Obesity

- Physical Inactivity

- Race and Ethnicity

Type II Risk Factors

Obesity & Inactivity

- Studies find a relationship between

weight/activity level and Type II

- Seeing an increase in Type II

diabetes in children

Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Race & Ethnicity

- African Americans

- Hispanic/Latino Americans

- American Indians

- Asian Americans

- Pacific Islanders

Type II Prevention

If have risk factors, prevent or delay the onset of Type II…

- Healthy diet

- Moderately intense exercise

(walking 2 1/2 hours each week)

Type II Treatment

Goal: Control blood sugar (glucose)

- Glucose monitoring often

- Oral medicine / Insulin injections

- Diet

- Exercise / Weight management

- Follow up with doctor

- Educate yourself!

Diet - Carb Counting

Carbohydrates raise blood glucose levels

Keep track of how many carbs you eat and set a limit for yourself

Limit depends on your activity level and medications

Talk to your doctor!

Diet - Create your plate

Divide plate into 3 sections

- Large section - non-starch veggies

(spinach, cabbage, mushrooms)

- Small section - starch

(potatoes, whole grain breads)

- Small section - meat

(turkey, tuna, lean pork)

Diet - Individualized

No one diet is appropriate for every diabetic person

Work with your doctor to come up with a diet that is right for your situation

Complications of Diabetes

Heart disease Blindness Kidney damage Diabetic neuropathy / nerve damage

Prevent complications by managing your glucose level, diet, and activity!

Diabetes Awareness

November is American Diabetes Month

November 14 is World Diabetes Day

For more information:

www.cdc.gov

www.diabetes.org

www.ndep.nih.gov

Websites

http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/consumer/index.htm

http://www.emedicinehealth.com/diabetes/article_em.htm#Diabetes%20Overview

http://www.diabetes.org/