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BITTER FACTSAbout Sweet – Diabetes Mellitus

Dato Dr.G.Selvaraju DIMP; JSD; AMP;

MBBS; ,MRCP(UK); AM (Mal); FIAMISConsultant Physician in Internal Medicine & Gastroenterologist

Clinical Specialist Geriatric Medicine

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of diseases characterized by high levels of blood glucose resulting from defects in insulin production, insulin action, or both.

The term diabetes mellitus describes a metabolic disorder of multiple aetiology characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.

The effects of diabetes mellitus include long–term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs.

What is diabetes?

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Caffeine Fatty foods Stress

Sports drinks Dried fruits Steroids & diuretics

Reasons for upswing in blood sugar levelIllness

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Household chores Plain yogurt Vegan diet

Cinnamon Exercise Brown bread

Reasons for low swing of blood sugar level

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Complications- Heart Attack

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Complications

• Irregular heart beat AF/VC

• Blood clots in the atria• Stroke- micro infarcts in

brain• Dementia- forgetfulness• Frontal lobe- abnormal

behaviour

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Complications-Eye

• Diabetic Retinopathy ( Retinal haemorrhage, exudates & infarction )– Occlusion of central retinal artery producing painless sudden

unilateral blindness– Blockage of Central Retinal Vein,

usually in elderly patients, painless visual loss

– Retinal Detachment – Glaucoma

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Complications- Renal

• Chronic Renal Failure # End Stage Renal Disease ## PATIENT WAS TOLD 8 YEARS AGO BY DOCTORS THAT HER KIDNEYS ARE FAILING

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Complications

• Peripheral Neuropathy• Peripheral Vascular

Disease– Loss of sensation

• Numbness• Tingling sensation• Burning sensation• Pins & needles

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Complications

• Autonomic Neuropathy– postural hypotension– Disordered sweating– Impotence– Bladder function– Gastric• Dyspepsia• Constipation• diarrhoea

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Complications

• Foot Ulcers • Joint problems• Infection

– FOOT CARE

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What do I do ?• Regular sugar testing at home• HBA1C test• Watch your diet • Watch your weight• Visit your doctor regularly• Don’t become your own

doctor• Don’t listen to non

professional advice from relatives & friends

• Avoid complications

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Breakfast Lunch

Dinner Supper

Watch out your calories

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Limit carbohydrates Maintain weight Be active

Monitor blood sugar daily Manage stress Check HbA1C regularly

Take care of bruises Quit smoking Visit doctor regularly

TIPS TO AVOID COMPLICATIONS

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Take home message

• Management is simple – Healthy life style – Diet – Exercise– Regular follow up– Compliance to

medications – Stop smoking– Stress free life

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Thank you & take care