Diabetes

DiabetesMellitus

PRESENTERS: DAYNA KAYE JACKSON, KEREAN HOBSON, KERRY KAYE HAMILLTON, SHANTEL HALL, TERRY ANN HARRISON

What is Diabetes?

Types of Diabetes

Symptoms of diabetes

Causes of Diabetes

TYPE 1 DIABETES

Prevention

Myths

Treatment of Diabetes

Gestational diabetes

Societal Effects

TYPE 2 DIABETES

What is Diabetes?

Diabetes is the condition in which thebody does not properly process food foruse as energy.

Most of the food we eat is turned into glucose, sugar, for ourbodies to use for energy.

The pancreas, an organ that lies near the stomach, makes ahormone called insulin to help glucose get into the cells ofour bodies.

On the other hand, when you have diabetes, your bodyeither doesn't make enough insulin or can't use its own insulinas well as it should.

This causes sugar to build up in your blood; this is howdiabetes got its popular name called “sugar.”

Diabetes causes blood glucose (sugar)levels to rise higher than normal. This isalso called hyperglycaemia.

Types

Symptoms

Causes

TYPE 1 Diabetes

TYPE 2 DIABETES



Prevention

Societal Effects

Myths

What is Diabetes

Types of Diabetes MellitusWhat is Diabetes

Types

TYPE 1 Diabetes

TYPE 2 DIABETES


Causes

Symptoms


Prevention

Societal Effects

Myths

TYPE 1 DIABETES Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed

in children and young adults, and

was previously known as juvenile

diabetes.

Only 5% of people with diabetes have

this form of the disease.

In type 1 diabetes, the body does not

produce insulin.

Insulin is a hormone that is needed to

convert sugar, starches and other

food into energy needed for daily life.

Types

TYPE 1 Diabetes

TYPE 2 DIABETES


Causes

Symptoms


Prevention

Societal Effects

Myths

What is Diabetes

TYPE 1 DIABETES cont’d

The pancreas cannot make insulin to help body cells

convert sugar into energy, which causes the sugar to

build up in the blood that can cause life-threatening

complications.

Individuals with type I diabetes must take some form

of insulin for the rest of their lives.

TYPE 2 DIABETES Type 2 diabetes is the most common

form of diabetes.

If you have type 2 diabetes your

body does not use insulin properly.

This is called insulin resistance.

At first, your pancreas makes extra

insulin to make up for it. But, over

time it isn't able to keep up and

can't make enough insulin to keep

your blood glucose at normal levels.

Types

TYPE 1 Diabetes

TYPE 2 DIABETES


Causes

Symptoms


Prevention

Societal Effects

Myths

What is Diabetes

GESTATIONAL DIABETES

Pregnant women who are not diabetic but

have high blood glucose (sugar) levels

during pregnancy.

Due to the fact that the placenta supports

the baby as it grows, hormones from the

placenta help the baby develop. However,

these hormones also block the action of the

mother's insulin in her body.

This is called insulin resistance as it makes it

hard for the mother's body to use insulin and

may need up to three times as much insulin.

Without enough insulin, glucose cannot

leave the blood and be changed to

energy.

Types

TYPE 1 Diabetes

TYPE 2 DIABETES


Causes

Symptoms


Prevention

Societal Effects

Myths

What is Diabetes

CAUSES OF DIABETES In type 1 diabetes, the cause of this isn't

entirely clear but it may include genetic riskfactors and environmental factors.

One theory is that type 1 diabetes may occurafter having a specific virus.

For Type 2, genetics and lifestyle clearly playroles. Type 2 diabetes has been linked toobesity, genetic risk factors, and inactivity.

Some racial and ethnic groups are at higherrisk for type 2 diabetes. These includeAmerican Indians, African Americans,Hispanics/Latinos, Asian Americans andPacific Islanders

Types

TYPE 1 Diabetes

TYPE 2 DIABETES


Causes

Symptoms


Prevention

Societal Effects

Myths

What is Diabetes

Symptoms of Diabetes The following symptoms of are typical. However,

some people with type 2 diabetes have symptomsso mild that they go unnoticed.

Common symptoms of diabetes:

Urinating often

Feeling very thirsty

Feeling very hungry - even though you are eating

Extreme fatigue

Blurry vision

Cuts/bruises that are slow to heal

Weight loss - even though you are eating more (type 1)

Tingling, pain, or numbness in the hands/feet (type 2)

Types

TYPE 1 Diabetes

TYPE 2 DIABETES


Causes


Prevention

Societal Effects

Myths

Symptoms

What is Diabetes

Treatment of Diabetes Type 1 diabetes

THERE IS NO CURE

Insulin injections are required.

Insulin cannot be taken as a pill.

The insulin would be broken down during digestion just

like the protein in food. Insulin must be injected into the

fat under your skin for it to get into your blood.

In addition to insulin, Type 1 diabetes management also

includes healthy eating and regular activity.

Types

TYPE 1 Diabetes

TYPE 2 DIABETES


Causes

Symptoms

Societal Effects

Myths


Prevention

What is Diabetes

Treatment of Diabetes Type 2 diabetes:

When the body is unable to use the insulin properly it

is referred to as insulin resistance.

Your role in managing insulin resistance is eating

properly, being active and maintaining a healthy

body weight.

Pills are also commonly used to help control blood

sugar. Over time, insulin may be added to your

treatment plan

Types

TYPE 1 Diabetes

TYPE 2 DIABETES


Causes

Symptoms


Prevention

Societal Effects

Myths

What is Diabetes

TREATMENT ELEMENTS

Types

TYPE 1 Diabetes

TYPE 2 DIABETES


Causes


Prevention

Societal Effects

Myths

Symptoms

What is Diabetes

Prevention of Diabetes Although it's not clear why, whole grains may reduce your

risk of diabetes and help maintain blood sugar levels. Try

to make at least half your grains whole grains.

Type 1

The exact cause of type 1 diabetes is not yet known, but we

do know that it is not caused by poor diet and lack of

activity. At this stage, nothing can be done to prevent or

cure type 1 diabetes.

Medication to help prevent diabetes- Some medication,

such as metformin, has been shown to lower the risk of

type 2 diabetes amongst particularly high-risk cases

where lifestyles interventions alone may not be enough.

Choose good fats instead of bad fats.

Types

TYPE 1 Diabetes

TYPE 2 DIABETES


Causes

Symptoms

Prevention

Societal Effects

Myths


What is Diabetes

Prevention of DiabetesType 2

Get more physical activity

There are many benefits to regular physical activity.

Exercise can help you:

Lose weight, Lower your blood sugar, and boost your

sensitivity to insulin— which helps keep your blood sugar

within a normal range

Get plenty of fiber -It's rough, it's tough — and it may

help you:

Reduce your risk of diabetes by improving your blood

sugar control

Lower your risk of heart disease

Types

TYPE 1 Diabetes

TYPE 2 DIABETES


Causes

Symptoms


Prevention

Societal Effects

Myths

What is Diabetes

impact of diabetes Over time, diabetes can lead to blindness, kidney failure, and nerve

damage.

These types of damage are the result of damage to small vessels,

referred to as microvascular disease.

Diabetes is also an important factor in accelerating the hardening

and narrowing of the arteries (atherosclerosis), leading to strokes,

coronary heart disease, and other large blood vessel diseases.

This is referred to as macrovascular disease.

ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES

Types

TYPE 1 Diabetes

TYPE 2 DIABETES


Causes

Symptoms

Prevention

Societal Effects

Myths


What is Diabetes

Effects of Diabetes on Society

According to the Diabetes Society of Jamaica, this is the

2nd causes of death in Jamaica (Registrar General

Office, Statin, 2003).

Diabetes affected 17.9% of population, 15 years and

older, with 90% Type 2 and 10% Type 1. Approximately

327,000 persons in (2001) were affected with this disease

while 50% is at risk for developing diabetes.

Persons that are overweight, have limited physical

activity, have poor eating habits, or have a genetic

predisposition may be at risk for type 2 diabetes.

Types

TYPE 1 Diabetes

TYPE 2 DIABETES


Causes

Symptoms


Prevention

Societal Effects

Myths

What is Diabetes

Types

TYPE 1 Diabetes

TYPE 2 DIABETES


Causes

Symptoms


Prevention

Societal Effects

Myths

What is Diabetes

Reference http://www.projecthope.org/

American Diabetes Association. Standards of

medical care in diabetes -- 2013. Diabetes Care

Alemzadeh R, Ali O.(2011)Diabetes mellitus. In:

Kliegman RM, ed. Kliegman: Nelson Textbook of

Pediatrics. 19th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier

Saunders

Types

TYPE 1 Diabetes

TYPE 2 DIABETES


Causes

Symptoms


Prevention

Societal Effects

Myths

What is Diabetes

http://www.projecthope.org/

Diabetes

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