DHA Senior Schools Geography Class PC Week 4 27 April to 1 ... · and the chattering of the crowds...

DHAES Subject Geo Class PC

DHA Senior Schools

Geography Class PC

Week 4

27 April to 1 May 2020

Topic: Settlements Sources

Geography Today 3 By Doreen Crawford

Geography Today 3 Skill book

Geography Today 1 Skill book (for map of Pakistan with 10 large cities)

Content

More about Settlement

The Growth of Cities in Pakistan

We learned in Book 1 which are Pakistan's largest cities. The Fig.1.1 shows them again and also their populations in

1951.

The Table shows that all the cities have grown since 1951, but at different rates. As a result of this some cities have

changed places in their order of importance. Which two cities have gone up in importance since 1951? Which two

cities have gone down in importance? Five of the cities haven't changed places. Which are they? What did we learn in

Book 1 that explains why there is no figure for Islamabad in 1951?

Cities grow in one or more of 3 main ways. They grow

a) In area - e.g. when new houses are built,

b) In size of population - e.g. when immigrants arrive from other parts of the country.

c) In importance - e.g. when new port facilities are built or a new industry is established.

In the following studies of the growth of 6 cities in Pakistan, look for (i) (a), (b) and (c).

(ii) The reasons for (a), (b) and (c).


The Growth of Karachi

a) Growth in area

The map F.g.1.2 shows the approximate boundary in 1960. The city was now bigger than at the time of partition

After Partition about 600,000 Muslims had migrated from India by 1951. Squatter settlements

grew up on any open spaces in the city center which these people could find. The authorities did

not discourage this at the time because they couldn't offer any alternative accommodation.

In the 1960s, the Korangi Township. Mown on the map Fig.1.2, was built on the south side of

the city out, as it accommodated only

150,000 people, it did not solve the problem of homelessness.

In the early 1960s, many people from the rural areas of Pakistan also started to migrate to

Karachi. This caused the slum and squatting problems to increase, especially near the railway stations where the rural

people settled in any open spaces.

In the 1960s the city authorities bulldozed many of the illegal squatter settlements and forced people to move to

theoutskirts of the city. Many people settled near the Sindh Industrial Trading Estate and some were able to find jobs

there. Slum and squatter settlements continued to grow some of which were high-income residential areas. Usually,

they were formed by construction workers who were working in the high-income residential areas. A tea-stall and an

eating-place would open for those workers and that led to more people settling there.

Since 1997 the area of Karachi has continued to grow by spreading onto the land around the city. This land was used

for grazing and other agricultural purposes by people living in over 1200 goths. This land was rented from the

government. Many of these farmers lost their livelihoods and had to move away when the government sold the land to

developers.

b) Growth in the size of the population

The migration of Muslims from India and also rural-urban migration within Pakistan caused much of the growth after

Partition, but natural increase was also a cause. The population increases naturally when the number of deaths in a year

is lower than the number of births.

c) Growth in importance


After Partition Karachi was the capital city of Pakistan, but even when Islamabad became the capital, the importance of

Karachi continued to grow. Its position makes it the main 'gateway' of Pakistan, joining the inside of the country to the

outside world.

Karachi has

95% of Pakistan's foreign trade

30% of Pakistan's industrial production

90% of the head offices of banks and other companies

40% of employment in large-scale industries.

The Growth of Gujranwala

[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[p-0 and the town was named after

Chaudhry Gujar who owned the well that supplied the region.

Gujranwala 30 years ago has been described as "a small sleepy town, pleasant to live in with just a few shops, some

horse-drawn carriages and a handful of cars, beautiful old houses, graceful trees and open spaces."

Today it is a large, noisy city. There are car horns, the rattle of auto-rickshaws, raised voices of the roadside vendors

and the chattering of the crowds of shoppers looking at the second-hand clothing stalls. Diesel fumes and clouds of dust

from unpaved roads pollute the air.

At the time of Partition, many Muslims with a metal-working tradition migrated from India and settled in towns in the

Punjab such as Sialkot, Lahore and Gujranwala. Then in the 1960s mechanization of agriculture meant that some

workers lost their jobs on farms. They found work in Gujranwala in its traditional industries producing agricultural

tools and implements. The rapid growth of small-scale industry encouraged those who owned land on the edge of the

town to sell it to those who wanted to establish their own workshops. Private sector housing was also built there. In this

way the town expanded outwards.

A development plan in 1971 led to the building of a by-pass, and of one Road Bridge over the main railway line. An

updated plan in 1986 was not implemented and the city has continued to grow in a haphazard, unplanned way.


The railway line divides the city into two and the lack of more road bridges over it causes traffic congestion in the city

center. In addition, the main roads all lead into the city center where there is a dense network of minor roads. Housing

has grown mainly along the 'other' roads shown on the map and the absence of any land-use policy has led to industries

being scattered throughout the city. Some are located in narrow, residential roads causing noise and air pollution and

further traffic congestion. There is also a lack of open spaces for the population.

Over 500 tons of domestic waste are collected by hand every day and put in open ponds and dumps both inside and

outside the city. Sewers and drains are often clogged with garbage that is not collected. The results of all this are water

and air pollution and health hazards.

All these problems, together with inadequate water supplies and sewerage systems, have led to a lower standard of

living today than 30 years ago. It has been said that this is due to a lack of planning rather than to a lack of funds.

The growth of Gilgit

Gilgitis the administrative center for the Gilgit Agency. It is also a bridging-point, and a trading center. In addition to

servingthe people in the valleys around Gilgit. It has also had links with China for over 2000 years. It became an

important trading center along the Old Silk Road as a meeting-place for tradesmen from Central Asia to the north and

the plains to the south. The town now lies a short distance west of the Karakoram Highway.


The opening of this Highway at the end of the 1970s has led to a big increase in the amount of goods and the number of

people passing through Gilgit. Nowadays some of these people are tourists.

We learned in Book 1 about one of the commercial zones in Lahore. But all towns and cities in Pakistan have more

than one commercial zone. Many of these zones are made up of more than one bazaar. These bazaars grow as the town

grows. The first bazaars grew up at the end of the 19th century.

The growth of Faisalabad

(Based on a report for the International Institute for Environment and Development by Salim Alimuddin. Ant Hasan

and AsiyaSadiq, architects and planners.)

The beginnings


In the 19th century the flood plain of the River Chenab, where Faisalabad is now situated, was used as pasturelands.

Then in 1902 the British built the Lower Chenab Canal which made irrigation possible and the cultivation of grain and

cotton began.

Faisalabad was established as a mandai, or market town to serve as a center for the collection and storage of these crops

before they were sent by rail to Karachi for export

The town was laid out in a square shape with roads radiating put from a Clock Tower in the Cent"? Around the town

the agricultural and was divided into mocks of 25 acres Villages were built in some of these areas for people who came

from further east in the Punjab

The increase of population in Faisalabad

MN in under 100 years a town of 10 000 people grew into a city of almost 2 million. So at the end of the 20th century

Faisalabad's population was 200 times bigger than at the beginning of the century.

In 1951 Faisalabad was the 6th largest city in Pakistan but by 1998 it had grown to become the 3rd largest city.

What factors encouraged the increase in Faisalabad's population?

There were several factors which, in turn and as time went by, encouraged and continued to encourage, the increase in

population These factors can be listed under the five headings agriculture, industry, exports, social development and

politics.

How did Faisalabad grow?

Faisalabad grew without any planning and, as a result, there have been problems and the quality of life of some of the

citizens has suffered. Some attempts were made after 1968 to prepare a Master Plan but by 2001 still little progress had

been made

The plans were for improvements to four aspects of life in the city which created problems for the citizens. The

problems have been:

a) Roads and transport - poor roads, pavements and rainwater drainage and encroachments on the roads.

b) Social problems - traffic congestion, pollution, poor conditions in markets, industries, bus terminals and

katchiabadis,

c) A lack of facilities e g sports complexes, a civic center, a radio and TV center,

d) water and sanitation - these have been some of the most important problems because of a lack of a sewage treatment

plant which has meant that raw sewage has run into irrigation Channels and the river.


How does a KachiAbadi develop?

We learned in book 1 about life in a katchi aback, but how do these settlement, develop? How do migrants from

villages settle when they arrive in a city? What are their problem?

Migrants' first homes are often tents after which they may build houses of mud. When they can afford it they build

brick rooms with boundary walls of sun-dried bricks or earth. Later they may build roofs of steel girders which are

strong enough for tiles. Some of these better homes are built by people whose relatives are working in the Middle East

and who send remittances home. Underground water in Faisalabad is usually brackish except near irrigation channels.

So families may install pumps near the channels and women and children carry the water back from the pumps.

Electricity connections are provided in some places by the city authorities but some people make illegal connections.

Unpaved open drains may carry waste water and sewage to empty plots which have not been filled up with earth to the

level of the road.

Let’s learn about four migrants, imran, Fayaz, Ali and Arshad, to see how they settled when they arrived in Faisalabad

and how their lives have been similar to, or different from, the description above.

Imran lives in Kot Umar where there are 400 homes. When he arrived he bought a plot of land and built a thatched

hut. Four years later he built a room with brick walls and a wooden root. There are open paved drains along his lane but

they are silted up. The drains run into fields and the farmers object to this. Drinking water is carried from 1/2 km away.

There is no school or clinic in Kot Umar and to reach the main road people have to walk on an unpaved road along the

bank of the canal.

Fayazlives in Nafees Town. He sold his farmland, his wife's jewellery and a buffalo to pay for his small plot of land.

He built one room and later added a shop and then a kitchen. The floor of the shop is paved but the other floors are

earth. All also lives in Nafees Town. He sold the buffaloes he owned when in his village so that he could afford to build

a room with a wooden roof. After six months he built another room and four months later he added a drawing-room.

Ali also lives in Nafees Town. He sold the buffaloes he owned when in his village so that he could afford to build a

room with a wooden roof. After six months he built another room and four months later he added a drawing-room.

Arshad lives in Tariqpura. He retired from the army and received payments with which he bought a plot of land. In

1989 he built a room and a boundary wall. Seven years later he added two more rooms. The roof is wooden beams and


planks covered with earth. He gets rid of waste water and sewage in a small channel. There is no electricity in

Tariqpura but he has managed to get his own connection. He paid rupees 4000 to WAPDA for it.

A bright future for Faisalabad?

In October 2003 the PindiBhattian - Faisalabad M3 motorway was completed. The map Fig.1.8 shows that the M3 joins

the M2 which links Lahore to Islamabad.

Faisalabad is a major cotton-manufacturing center and also the biggest trade and commercial center after Karachi

andLahore. It will benefit from the improved, fast communications provided by the M3. Some of the features in the key

of the Map Fig.1.8 were built in order to allow the traffic on the M3 to flow freely without any obstructions. The time

taken to travel by road from Faisalabad to Lahore has been reduced from 3% hours to 1% hours. This reduced travel

time will encourage business activities in Faisalabad, and they will also benefit from the new settlements and industries

which will develop along the M3

There are 2 important features which make travel along the M3 pleasant.

1) Fruit trees have been planted along the motorway so that travellers who wish to rest can relax in the pollution-

free atmosphere of gardens full of mango, palm and date trees.

2) The National Highway and Motorway Police patrol the M3 to ensure travellers' safety and provide help when

necessary.

The growth of Murree

Murree in the Time of British rule

In the 19th century most of the sub-continent was ruled by the British. Great Britain has a much cooler climate than in

most of the sub-continent and the British military and civilian officials and their families wanted to escape from the

summer heat in the Indus and Ganges Plains.


Temperature decreases as the altitude increases, so the British looked for places in the higher land to the north where

they could stay for the summer in cooler temperatures, i.e. where the summer temperatures were about 80°F

The British bought land from the elders in 12 villages in the Murree area and in 1851 set up their tents. In 1853 they

built some barracks and in 1854 they built bungalows for British army officers. This was the beginning of the

development of Murree as a hill station.

After Independence

Murree was the only established hill station in the new Pakistan and it was now no longer a place just for military and

civil officials. Many Muslims arrived from other hill stations in Kashmir due to riots there at the time of Partition. In

addition, Islamabad was being built and became the capital of Pakistan so some foreign embassies were located in

Murree. Unfortunately riots in Murree led to many of the best houses being burned down and it wasn't till 1960 that

these burnt out properties were sold and new bungalows built.

Unplanned Growth

Various plans for the development of Murree were made by different departments of the Authorities but they were not

drawn together into one overall Master Plan. As a result development has taken place in an unplanned way which has

caused serious social problems such as traffic chaos and a lack of adequate garbage and sewage disposal.


The growth of Gwadar

Gwadar used to belong to Oman. In 1958 it became part of Pakistan and remained a small fishing port until its

development began at the end of the 20th century.

In the 1990s the Chinese government promised financial and technical assistance to develop Gwadar as Pakistan's 3rd

deep sea port. The factors which influenced this decision, were that a port in that location

a) Could act as a port for western China via the Karakoram Highway,

b) Could act as a port for the new, land-locked Central Asian States.

c) Could encourage the economic development of Baluchistan.

d) Would lie on the important sea-route through the Straits of Hormuz.


This cooperation between Pakistan and China is just one of their joint ventures. Another one was the construction

of the Chasma nuclear power plant.

China's total border is over 22 000 km long but its border with Pakistan is only 523 km long.


Tertiary activities such as tourism and other services contribute 32% to China’s wealth.

China


Agriculture - 50% of China's labor force works in agriculture and provides 14% of China's wealth.

Chief crops - rice, wheat, potatoes, tea - grown mainly in the east where the land is lower, the rivers have deposited

fertile alluvium and there is more rain than in the west.

Industry - 22% of China's labor force works in industry and industries provide over 50% of China's wealth.

Chief industries - iron and steel, machinery, textiles, cement, fertilizer -produced in the large cities in the east.

Problems associated with the growth of cities


The task of a city authority is to provide a framework why makes it possible for the population to live and work in

satisfactory conditions. A framework which makes this possible is one in which there is adequate and efficient

provision of e.g.

Water, electricity and gas supplies

Drainage and sewerage systems

Garbage collection and disposal

Strategies to prevent air pollution

A road network

A public transport system

Parks and open spaces for recreation.

Large numbers of people arriving in a city in a short time result in the city authority being unable to provide adequate

facilities. If there is also a lack of satisfactory planning then the problems become even worse.

We learned about the problems of air pollution and of supplying drinking water. One of the problems in Gujranwala is

that of garbage disposal. The disposal of human, domestic and industrial waste is one of the major problems in Pakistan

cities.

Waste disposal

The problem of waste disposal has arisen because the arrangements for disposal have not kept pace with the rate of

growth of the cities. The lack of proper waste disposal is a cause of much illness especially among children. A

paediatrician working at a government hospital in Karachi has reported that, after malnutrition, infectious diseases,

caused by unsanitary conditions and contaminated water, are the main problems he has to deal with in his young

patients. This report, in the Dawn newspaper in November 1999, illustrates the importance of the community, also,

playing its part in keeping the environment dean.

This report in November 1999 emphasized the need for proper planning for the disposal of garbage.

The report highlights poor administration as a cause of the Karachi Water and Sewerage Board (KWSB) being unable

to cope with the increased population. In addition, corruption by officials, who keep for themselves some of the money

allocated for the provision of services in the growing cities, is also a cause of inadequate and ineffective services.

The problems of the lack of satisfactory planning

A large city should be managed efficiently and this requires the best uses being made of different areas. This can only

be achieved by good planning and by people keeping to the planning rules. There are two factors which lead to the lack

of satisfactory planning in Karachi:

1) There are groups of developers, politicians and officials who ignore planning rules,

2) The fact that the Karachi Development Authority (KDA) controls only about 30% of the land of Karachi.

A report by the Urban Resource Centre in Karachi states "Land is an important issue in Karachi. There is a constant

struggle to acquire and develop land through both legal and illegal means." The authors of the report, ArifHesa, Akbar

Zaidi and Muhammad Younus, go on to say that powerful groups of developers, politicians and officials manage to

acquire vacant land, ignore planning rules and build houses and commercial property on natural drainage channels and

land reserved for parks, playgrounds, educational institutions, medical and transport facilities. The lack of all these

amenities affects the lives of the citizens.


This means that the KDA has to consult some or all of the other bodies when they wish to carry out developments e

upgrade the sewerage system or build a new road. All these consultations take time, and permission for the

development may not always be granted.

In addition, there are reports that many of these different bodies keep most of the taxes they collect in their own areas.

The areas with richer inhabitants e.g. the DHA and some parts of the cantonments collect more taxes and spend them in

their own areas. It has been reported that there is little or no flow of wealth from those richer areas to the poorer areas

of the city.

The cantonments in Karachi control about 5% of the area of Karachi. There are cantonments in many other cities in

Pakistan, e.g. Quetta and India, also in some cities in Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, but not in cities in many other

countries.

Solutions to the Problems

Solutions to the problems in the cities may be

a) Self-help solutions such as the Orangi Pilot Project

b) A City Master Plan

a) The Orangi Pilot Project (OPP)

The map shows the Orangi Township in Karachi. This katchiabadi, one of over 400 now in Karachi, was started in the

1960s. Now about 1 million people live there made up of Mohajirs, Biharis, Pathans, Punjabis, Balochis and Sindhis.

All these people have moved to Karachi from other areas so they are described as immigrants. More immigrants are

still coming from villages in all four provinces of Pakistan.

By 1980 there were serious problems in Orangi. Houses had cracked walls and their foundations were weakened by the

waste water which waterlogged the ground. However, one of the worst problems was the absence of sanitation. Bucket

latrines and soak-pits were used for the disposal of human excreta and open sewers for the disposal of waste water.

Children playing in the filthy lanes were the main victims of typhoid, malaria, diarrhoea and scabies caused by these

conditions. Mosquitoes and flies, which bred on the garbage dumps, also spread germs. The result was that large

portions of the family incomes were spent on medicines.


The second reason for so much ill-health was the ignorance of most of the women about modern hygiene, the causes of

disease and its prevention.

The OPP was started in the 1980s by Dr Akhtar Hameed Khan. For several years he was a visiting professor at the

Michigan State University in USA, but devoted most of his life to trying to improve the conditions of the poor and

downtrodden.

The OPP staff worked with the Orangi residents to research their problems, identify solutions and provide advice

appropriate to low-income communities. The four main problems were:

Sanitation,

Health,

Education,

Employment.

The staff found that the residents were good at saving and investing and had skills in management. With the technical

guidance provided by OPP, the following were constructed in 13 years by the residents and the building contractors

they employed:

underground sewers in 5236 lanes,

81,378 flush latrines,

100,000 houses,

647 private health clinics,

509 private primary and secondary schools,

38 maternity homes.

In that time over 80% of the Township had built its own sanitation system. Due to this, and the introduction of a health

program, there was a dramatic fall in the deaths of infants in their first year of life. The rate fell from 130 infant deaths

per 1000 live births in 1984, to 37 per 1000 in 1991. This rate is called the Infant Mortality Rate. In Pakistan as a whole

this rate was still 91 infant deaths per 1000 live births in 2003. The rate was 66 in Bangladesh, 32 in Iran and 25 in

Saudi Arabia. Singapore's Infant Mortality Rate of 2.5 in 2003 was one of the lowest in the world.

In addition to the improvements in sanitation, health and education, 11,000 family enterprises were established to

provide employment. Homes were modified to make workshops and women were encouraged to become active

contributors to the family income. During the 1980s a large number of government officials visited the OPP as part of

their training. The success of the OPP, which Dr Khan and the Orangi residents achieved without any assistance from

government agencies, has led to the OPP being copied by others such as the Sindhi KatchiAbadi Authority and the

Karachi Metropolitan Corporation. The World Bank's projects in Sukkur and Hyderabad are also imitating it.

Cantonments

Cantonment- from the French word cantonmeaning district or corner

Before Partition – what were cantonments?

An area of a city which has one main activity or purpose, e.g. industrial or residential, is called an urban zone. A

cantonment is a special type of urban zone. Whenever the British occupied new territory in the sub-continent in the

18th and 19th centuries, they built a garrison town usually next to an existing old city. Its purpose was to act as a base

for part of the British army so that the army could keep control of the local area.

This army base had stores and workshops for the military equipment and barracks to house the soldiers. Bungalows

with gardens were usually built for the officers, some of whose wives and families also lived there. A cantonment also

provided everything needed by the military, e.g. a church, club, cemetery and shops, and life was generally comfortable

for them. Local people worked in the cantonment, e.g. as servants and in shops, but they returned at night to their

homes in villages and in the old city.


In the 18th and 19th centuries cantonments were usually temporary military quarters, but by the 20th century they had

become permanent garrisons. Their permanence was confirmed by military reforms of Lord Kitchener in 1903 and the

Cantonment Act 1924.

The design of the bungalow was based on the styles of the Bengal house in a compound and on a British house style. It

was long and low and the area of the land in the compound around the bungalow was a symbol of status in the army. A

junior officer had a ratio of 1:1 of garden and bungalow. A senior officer had a ratio of 15:1 of garden and bungalow.

Abbottabadwas named after Major James Abbott who founded the settlement and its cantonment in 1853. It was the

headquarters of part of the Northern Army Corps. It remains very British and its bungalows, church, club and cemetery

are still there.

The Peshawar cantonment began in 1849 after the arrival of the British army commanded by Walter Gilbert.

The cities grew around the cantonments so they were then inside the cities.

After partition – What happened to the cantonments?

After Partition, when the British had returned to the UK, the reason for the existence of cantonments no longer existed.

However, the new Pakistani army took over the ownership of the land and control of the cantonments from the British

and they continue to be administered by their Cantonment Boards. Cantonments now are usually made up of shops,

offices and houses including houses for army officers, the land in some cantonments, e.g. the Karachi cantonments, is

valuable. The city has grown outwards so the old cantonment is near the city center.

Dawn October 2003

A report stated that new cantonments for the military were being planned in Baluchistan in Sui and Gwadar.

In San Fransisco (USA) the Navy closed its base in 1994 and its land, which had been part of the city, has now been

transferred to the city authorities in order to allow them to plan its future development.

Settlements in Pakistan with Cantonments

b)The Karachi Master Plan 2020

Plans for Karachi were prepared in 1952, 1974 and 2000 but none was carried out successfully. A new Master Plan is

due to be carried out by 2020. To assist with this, the Federal government, the government of Sindh and the city

authorities of Karachi were still working in 2007 to create this Plan.

The City Nazim said that studies had been carried out in all sectors, including housing, water and sewerage, power, gas,

industries, education, health and transport, and that 12 committees were writing their reports.


In addition, the City Nazim and senior officials of the government of Sindh had visited Shanghai to learn about China's

experiences of developing that city.

The aim of the 2020 Plan for Karachi has been described as 'to transform Karachi into a world class city, making it an

attractive economic center as well as providing a decent living for Karachiites.'

What are the world’s largest cities?

Most researchers on sizes of populations in cities and in countries depend on statistics published regularly by the

United Nations (UN). In many cases these statistics have to be based on sample surveys and estimates, so we must not

regard them as being totally accurate.

In 1900, 9 of the 10 largest cities in the world were in Europe and USA. Many of the cities have the serious

environmental problems such as water and air pollution. For example, 220 million people in cities round the world lack

clean drinking world. Yet, in theory, it should be possible to provide the facilities, to people clustered together in cities,

using fewer materials and less energy than if providing facilities to a widely scattered problem.

Confirmation of learning:It will be done through quiz / MCQs about SettlementsGrowth of cities

1) After Partition about _____ Muslims had migrated from India by 1951

a)400,000 b)500,000 c) 600,000 d)700,000


2) Karachi has ___ of Pakistan's industrial production

a) 20% b) 30% c)40% d)50%

3) Over ____ tons of domestic waste are collected by hand every day in Gujranwala

a) 400 b) 500 c) 600 d) 700

4) Gilgithad links with ____ for over 2000 years

a) Iran b) Afghanistan c) China d) America

5) At the end of the 20th century Faisalabad's population was ___ times bigger than at the beginning of the century.

a) 100 b) 200 c) 300 d) 400

6) Temperature decreases as the altitude

a) Decreases b) Increases c) Remains unaffected d) Both

7) Some barracks were built in Murree in?

a) 1853 b) 1855 c) 1953 d) 1955

8) In 1951 Faisalabad was the ____ largest city in Pakistan

a) 4th b) 5th c) 6th d) 7th

9) The only established hill station in the new Pakistan was?

a) Naran b) Kaghan c) Murree d) Gilgit

10) China’s border with Pakistan is only ___ km long

a) 523 b) 253 c) 352 d) 522

Short Questions

Solutions to the Problems

Question 1:

Give four main problems in Orangi Pilot Project (OPP).

Answer:

The four main problems were:

Sanitation,

Health,

Education,

Employment.

Question 2:

After partition what happened to the cantonments?

Answer:


After Partition, when the British had returned to the UK, the reason for the existence of cantonments no longer existed.

However, the new Pakistani army took over the ownership of the land and control of the cantonments from the British

and they continue to be administered by their Cantonment Boards. Cantonments now are usually made up of shops,

offices and houses including houses for army officers, the land in some cantonments, e.g. the Karachi cantonments, is

valuable. The city has grown outwards so the old cantonment is near the city center.

Question 3:

What is the aim of the Karachi Master Plan 2020?

Answer:

The aim of the 2020 Plan for Karachi has been described as 'to transform Karachi into a world class city, making it an

attractive economic center as well as providing a decent living for Karachiites.'

Question 4:

When the Peshawar cantonment began?

Answer:

The Peshawar cantonment began in 1849 after the arrival of the British army commanded by Walter Gilbert.

Question 5:

What do you know about Cantonment?

Answer:

A cantonment is a special type of urban zone. Whenever the British occupied new territory in the sub-continent in the

18th and 19th centuries, they built a garrison town usually next to an existing old city. Its purpose was to act as a base

for part of the British army so that the army could keep control of the local area.

DHA Senior Schools Geography Class PC Week 4 27 April to 1 ... · and the chattering of the crowds...

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