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© NACETEM 2010

NACETEM…Managing Technology for Sustainable Development

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DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND

INNOVATION INDICATORSNigeria’s Progress Report

Willie O. Siyanbola (PhD Sussex), FMSN, FSESN

Director-General/CEO, NACETEMFocal Point Coordinator

A Report Presented at the Regional Workshop on Capacity Building in STI Policy Reviews and S&T Statistics and Indicators for West Africa

Bamako, Mali, 10 – 14 May 2010

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PRESENTATION OUTLINE• Nigeria Fact File• Background

– S&T Structure in Nigeria– STI Indicators Project in Nigeria (S&T Statistical

System)

• Research Methodology• Major Challenges• Key Outcomes• On-going Policy Research projects• Planned related Policy Research projects• Lessons Learnt

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Nigeria – Some fact fileNigeria – Some fact filePolitical Independence: Political Independence: 1960 Population: 140 1960 Population: 140 million (2007)million (2007)Land area 923,000 sq Land area 923,000 sq kmkm Education/Research Education/Research institutions: institutions: 104 104 UniversitiesUniversities 66 Polytechnics 66 Polytechnics52 Monotechnics52 MonotechnicsAbout 75 Research About 75 Research Institutes Institutes EconomyEconomy

6th largest oil producer 6th largest oil producer (OPEC)(OPEC)GDP per capita: about GDP per capita: about US$1,000US$1,000Literacy: 70.7%Literacy: 70.7%About 75m GSM linesAbout 75m GSM linesExternal reserves: External reserves: US$60bUS$60bInflation rate: 14.8%Inflation rate: 14.8%Graduate Graduate Unemployment: 35-40% Unemployment: 35-40% (2005)(2005)

Nigeria

A BRIEF ABOUT NIGERIA

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BACKGROUND

• Conceived by NACETEM in 2005 to serve as the basis for the effective management of Nigeria’s STI system

• Considered in similar light to macro-economic indicators handled by the CBN.

• To guide policy advise on S&T issues to the HMST similar to that received by the HMF

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BACKGROUND Integrated into NEPAD OST, ASTII in

2008

FGN has so far committed about USD200,000 (2006 - 09) while NEPAD OST USD50,000 counterpart fund (2009)

To be conducted every 2-3 years henceforth

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DEPARTMENTS

STATE S&T MINISTRIES

FEC

PRESIDENCY

NIGERIA S&T MGT STRUCTURE

FMST

NATIONAL ASSEMBLY

NINETEEN AGENCIES AND PARASTATALS

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NIGERIA S&T STATISTICAL SYSTEM

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STAKEHOLDERS

NATIONAL ADVISORY

COMMITTEE

NEPAD OST

PROJECT IMPLEMENTAT

ION COMMITTEE

FMST(NACETE

M)

CONSULTANTS

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IMPLEMENTATION COMMITTEE

• Focal Point Coordinator, Dr Willie Siyanbola: DG/CEO, NACETEM

• FMST Representative, Dr ijeoma Unaogu • Representative, CBN• Representative, NUC• Representative, NBTE• Representative, NPC• Representative, NBS• Representative, MAN• NACETEM Technical Committee• Project Secretary/Desk officer – David Adeyeye

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• Formal collaboration instituted with relevant stakeholders e.g. NBS, NUC etc.

• Draft agreement signed between NEPAD OST and FMST

• FTE Survey conducted• Data Collection for R&D and Innovation

surveys completed• Data Analysis completed, report writing

ongoing• Project Vehicle purchased to address

logistics problems

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STI INDICATORS: Summary of Recent Achievements

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Nigeria’s Higher Education and

Research System

• 104 Universities • 66 Polytechnics

• 52 Monotechnics

• About 75 Research Institutes and Centres

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National Innovation Survey

• Conducted in collaboration with the National Bureau of Statistics

• Focussed on manufacturing activities btw 2005 - 07

• Sample of top 1000 firms selected from both the 2008 Business Register of NBS and the Stock Market

• Efforts are on to conduct similar survey in the Service sector in 2010

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Conduct of the Surveys• Structured questionnaire with open and

closed-ended questions.• Letter of support from the HMST, ES-

NUC and SG-NBS• Questionnaires were delivered by hand

and lodged at the office of the Heads of the institutions

• Follow –up was through repeated phone calls and personal visits to the designated respondent in each institution

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METHODOLOGY: R&D Survey

• R&D Survey: Frascati Manual

• Census of research institutes and universities; some selected polytechnics

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Measured Indicators: R&D Personnel

• Disaggregated by:– Age– Highest academic qualification– Gender– Nationality

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R&D Expenditure

• Disaggregated by:– Expenditure type: labour, capital, other

currrent– Type of research– Sources of Funds– Academic fields–Multidisciplinary R&D– National Priority Areas– Targeted Economic Sector

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R&D Outputs

• Academic publication• Intellectual Property– Patent– Copyright– Industrial design

• Spin out/off

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METHODOLOGY: Innovation Survey

• Innovation Survey: Oslo Manual• Manufacturing firms with:– Employees of minimum of 10– Activities under ISIC 3.1, Division 15-37

• Service sector with: (2010) – Employees of a minimum of 10– Activities under ISIC 3.1, Division 50-99

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Indicators: Innovation Survey• Product and Process Innovation

• Market and organisational innovation• Ongoing/Abandoned Innovation• Innovation Activities and Expenditure• Linkages and Licencing• Motivation for innovating• Effects for Innovation• Information sources for Innovation• Factors Hampering Innovation• Government support for innovation

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Major Challenges

• Understanding of Concepts and Definitions of key terminologies

• Questionnaire Design• Data Collection• Data Analysis

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Challenges: Understanding of Key Concepts

• Estimation of FTE• Different perception of R&D activities

in universities• Difficulty in categorising R&D and

R&D expenditure e.g. Type of research, expenditure according to academic fields, national priority area of R&D etc.

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Challenges: Questionnaire Design

• Rigid and lengthy definition of key terminologies

• Too many tables• Handling of RF, SEO, SIC codes

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Challenges: Data Collection• Labour unrest in Nigerian tertiary

institutions• Poor record keeping/management system

in institutions• Missing response e.g. turnover• Breakdown of expenditure on R&D: most

institutions do not have detailed breakdown in the format expected

• Structure of R&D questionnaire (Single questionnaire with inputs from different units of an institution)

• Inadequate expertise22

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Other Challenges: R&D Output/Impact

• Types of R&D outputs• Methodology for measurement

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Modes of Dissemination

• Technical report to be submitted to both the FMST and NEPAD OST

• NACETEM to organise workshop for result dissemination to stakeholders

• Various national and international conferences

• Publication of articles in reputable journals globally

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Related On-going Policy Research Projects

• Reform of Nigeria’s STI System – FMST/UNESCO ($1m)

• Review of Nigeria’s Science & Technology Policy ($150,000)

• Assessment of Technological Entrepreneurial Attitudinal Status in Nigerian Tertiary Institutions ($250, 000) – Funded by The World Bank under the STEPB Project

• R&D in Nigerian Tertiary and Research Institutes ($50,000)

• Assessment of Innovation Capability of Selected Manufacturing Industries in Nigeria ($35,000)

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Planned Policy Research Projects

• Assessment of Innovation in Nigerian Film Industry

• R&D and Health Innovation Systems in Nigerian Health Sector

• Database of S&T professionals in Nigeria• Public understanding of S&T in Nigeria• Designing of Indicators for the ‘informal

sector’

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Lessons Learnt

• The need to work with the NUC and relevant research institutes on proper and effective record keeping with regards to R&D.

• The need to have common definitions of key terminologies in developing countries’ context e.g. estimation of Full Time Equivalent (FTE)

• The need for improved, early and timely release of funds

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Lessons Learnt

• Embarking on a comprehensive sensitisation workshop for stakeholders before embarking on next round of surveys

• Better methodology of measuring R&D outputs

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