DG Energy and Transport European Commission EU strategy and instruments for promoting for promoting...
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DG Energy and TransportEuropean Commission
EU strategy and instrumentsEU strategy and instruments for promoting for promoting
renewable energy sourcesrenewable energy sources
by Enzo Millich - Adviser,Directorate General for Energy and Transport,
European Commission.
DG Energy and TransportEuropean Commission
European Union energy mix in 1999(EUROSTAT 2001)
22,0%
6,0%15,0%
41,0%
16,0%Solid FuelOilNatural GasNuclearRES
EU-15
DG Energy and TransportEuropean Commission
CountryTotal Inland
Consumption %
Total Electricity
Generation %
B 1,2 1,4
DE 2,6 5,4
DK 9,2 11,7
GR 5,5 10,0
E 5,2 12,8
FR 7,0 12,9
IRL 1,8 5,2
I 7,8 16,9
L 1,3 2,5
NL 2,1 3,4
A 23,4 68,1
P 11,1 19,8
FIN 22,2 26,3
S 26,7 46,2
UK 1,1 2,7
EU-15 5,9 14,0
RES Contribution in 1999RES Contribution in 1999(EUROSTAT 2002)(EUROSTAT 2002)
DG Energy and TransportEuropean Commission
Primary Energy Production of RES in 1999(EUROSTAT 2002)
1,4%3,6%
0,4%31,0%
63,6%
Biomass &Wastewind
Geothermal
Hydro
Solar
EU-15
DG Energy and TransportEuropean Commission
Meeting Kyoto Objectives 8% CO2 reduction between 2008 - 2012 compared to 1990
Doubling the Share of Renewable Energies From 6% to 12% of gross inland energy production 2010
Improving Energy Efficiency Increase by 18% until 2010 compared to 1995
Maintaining Security of Supply
Clear Energy Policy Targets
DG Energy and TransportEuropean Commission
How to Achieve the Energy Targets?The Tools
White Paper on Energy Policy
White Paper on RES & Action Plan
Green paper on security of supply
Draft Directives
Support programmes
DG Energy and TransportEuropean Commission
White paper on Energy PolicyWhite paper on Energy Policy 1/2 1/2Com(95) 682 Final Com(95) 682 Final January 1996January 1996
Objectives:
Environmental protection
Security of Energy Supply
Industrial Competitiveness
RE technology consistent with these objectives
DG Energy and TransportEuropean Commission
White paper on Energy PolicyWhite paper on Energy Policy 2/2 2/2(The renewable content)(The renewable content)
Invites National and Community authorities to adopt policies mobilizing significant resources for RES
Foresees specific programmes or subsidies least harmful to competition
Acknowledges that RES constitute in the long term the main sustainable energy source and calls for a strategy on RES development
DG Energy and TransportEuropean Commission
• White Paper on Energy Policy
White Paper on RES & Action plan
• Green paper on security of supply
• Draft Directives
• Support programmes
How to Achieve the Energy Targets?The Tools
DG Energy and TransportEuropean Commission
White Paper on Renewable EnergiesCOM(97)599, 26.11.97
•Sets out Community Strategy and an Action Plan to double the share of Renewable energy from 6 to 12 % in Gross Inland Production by 2010 • Establishes Sub-targets in the various sectors.
• Preserves flexibility in view of Community enlargement.
• Instigates a tri-annual review procedure.
DG Energy and TransportEuropean Commission
Action Plan
Internal market measures
Reinforce Community policies
Support measures
Campaign for take off
Improve co-ordination with Member States
DG Energy and TransportEuropean Commission
• White Paper on Energy Policy
• White Paper on RES & Action Plan
Green paper on security of supply
• Draft Directives
• Support programmes
How to Achieve the Energy Targets?The Tools
DG Energy and TransportEuropean Commission
On 29 November 2000, the Commission adopted a Green Paper on supply security, in order to
launch a debate on the :
geopolitical economic & environmental
stakes involved in securing the E.U.’s energy supply.
Green Paper on Security of Energy Supply
DG Energy and TransportEuropean Commission
Europe-30: (in mtoe) Consumption Production
0
250
500
750
1000
1250
1500
1750
1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Industry
Transport
Households,services
The Basic Facts About EnergyEnergy self sufficiency is impossible to achieve
An energy-intensive economy:consumption + 1 to 2%/ year
0
850
1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Oil
Natural gas
Solid fuels
RenewablesNuclear
DG Energy and TransportEuropean Commission
Tomorrow’s priorities:A. Curbing the growth in demand by:
Completing the internal market
Review of energy taxation
Energy saving and diversification plans
Dissemination of new technologies
DG Energy and TransportEuropean Commission
Tomorrow’s priorities:B. Managing the dependence on supply by:
• Development of less polluting energy sources
• Maintaining access to resources
• Ensuring external supplies
New and renewable forms of energy are the first options for action in relation to security of supply, the environment and rural populations
DG Energy and TransportEuropean Commission
• Renewables offer a potential to be exploited
• EU target: 12% of total energy consumption in 2010
• They have differing growth prospects
• Their takeoff assumes that financial or tax incentives will be provided
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
production
Europe-30: renewables (reference scenario in mtoe)
New and renewable energy sources: a political priority
DG Energy and TransportEuropean Commission
Targets and Associated instrumentsDevelopment of less polluting energy sources
mobilising support for renewablesRenewable do not have the same development facilities that other sectors had.
Aid for RES is justified on the grounds that conventional energies do not contribute much towards the external cost they entail.
RES could be financed by temporary levies on a share of the profits of other conventional oprerators in the energy sector
Target : 12% of energy consumption in 2010
DG Energy and TransportEuropean Commission
• White Paper on Energy Policy
• White Paper on RES & Action Plan
• Green paper on security of supply
Draft Directives
• Support programmes
How to Achieve the Energy Targets?The Tools
DG Energy and TransportEuropean Commission
Draft DirectivesDraft Directives
•Directive on the promotion of electricity from renewable energy sources in the internal electricity market
•Directive on Combined Heat and Power (CHP)Target: doubling the share of CHP from 9% (1994) to 18% (2010) Special provision for renewables.
•Directive on Liquid Biofuels mandate for a minimum use of biofuels and their de-taxation
DG Energy and TransportEuropean Commission
1. National Targets for electricity from renewable energy sources (‘RES-E’) Member States are obliged to establish national targets for future consumption of RES-E. The Directive gives in its Annex indications for these national targets.
If the targets are met, consumption of electricity from renewable energy sources will rise from 14 % in 1997 to 22% by 2010
The Commission will monitor progress made by Member States towards achieving their national targets
The Directive on the promotion of electricity from renewable energy sources
DG Energy and TransportEuropean Commission
2. Support systems for RES-E The Directive abstains from proposing a harmonised Community wide support system for RES-E The Directive obliges the Commission to make if necessary a proposal for such a harmonised support system within 4 years, taking into account the experiences gained in Member States with the operation of the different national support systems
The Directive on the promotion of electricity from renewable energy sources
DG Energy and TransportEuropean Commission
3. Technical issues to promote RES-E The Directive obliges Member States to :
assure guaranteed access for RES-E
issue guarantees of origin of RES-E
assure that the calculation of costs for connecting new producers of RES-E should be transparent and non- discriminatory.
The Directive on the promotion of electricity from renewable energy sources
DG Energy and TransportEuropean Commission
• White Paper on Energy Policy
• White Paper on RES & Action Plan
• Green paper on security of supply
• Draft Directives
Support programmes
How to Achieve the Energy Targets?The Tools
DG Energy and TransportEuropean Commission
Support Programmes on Renewables
2. “Intelligent Energy for Europe” programme: Fills the gap between demonstration & commercialization - Non technological actions and studies aiming at overcoming non technical barriers. Budget of 86 Meuro for RES (2003-2006).
1. The VIth RTD Framework Programme , The main objective for RES is cost reduction and their integration. Budget of 810 M € 2003-2006)
3. Regional Policy & Structural Funds Budget dedicated for deployment of RES in most promising EU Regions. Budget of 415 Meuro (2000-2006).
DG Energy and TransportEuropean Commission
Damage Cost Estimates for Energy Fuel Cycles (UK Specific Results)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Coal Oil Gas Nuclear Wind Biomass
Global warmingNoiseMaterialsCropsOccup. HealthPublic health
€ ce
nt
Source DG Research
DG Energy and TransportEuropean Commission
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 '0
HY
GE
RES power plants Production cost
BM WE
€ ce
nt/k
Wh
Gas
Coal
DG Energy and TransportEuropean Commission
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 '0
HY
GE
Gas vs RES power plants Production cost
BM WE
Gas
Gas + Ext. cost
BM+Ext cost
WE+ Ext. cost
€ ce
nt/k
Wh
(Combined cycle Gas Turbines)
DG Energy and TransportEuropean Commission
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 '0
HY
GE
Coal vs RES power plants Production cost
BM
WE
Coal
Coal + Ext. cost
BM+Ext cost
WE+ Ext. cost
€cen
t/kW
h
(Combined cycle Gas Turbines)
DG Energy and TransportEuropean Commission
Conclusions (1/3)
Development of RES should become a political priority for the European
Union
DG Energy and TransportEuropean Commission
The EU strategy for RES will be successful provided
political impetus is seconded by adequate and timely legal and financial
initiatives
Conclusions (2/3)