DEVIANCE AND CULTURE

DEVIANCE AND CULTUREWhat is devianceCauses of devianceSocial ControlCriminals and the justice systemAlienation and the significance of devianceWHAT IS DEVIANCE

DEVIANCEBehaviour that goes against important norms as identified by a group of societyActions that are labelled deviant vary depending on your age groupDeviance is often difficult to define precisely because what is acceptable in a time or a place may not be in a different time or placeSometimes things which were once acceptable become deviant, other times things that were deviant become acceptablehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4HjLnOMKBZo&safe=active THE CHANGES TO DEVIANCETHINGS DEVIANT TODAY THAT WERE ONCE ACCEPTABLETHINGS ACCEPTABLE TODAY THAT WERE ONCE DEVIANTWHAT IS DEVIANCE

There are two requirements for someone to be labelled as a deviantThe person must be detected doing the deviant act and this must in some way be known to other peopleThis person must be stigmatized by societySTIMGAA mark of social disgrace that distinguishes the deviant from other in societyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D1lE0usK8DI&safe=active WHAT IS DEVIANCE

VISIBLE STIMGAClearly evident outward signs designed to warn others and bring humiliation to the offender

WHAT IS DEVIANCE

HIDDEN STIGMA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=onVxp40MisI&safe=active Underground methods of stigmatizing an individual that are not always known, subversive in nature rumoursinnuendotalking behind the backStereotypes/labelsguilt by associationhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=586q2ax45SU&safe=active http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8l7LGK2hnQw&safe=active

CAUSES OF DEVIANCEBefore sociology emerged as a discipline biology and psychology tried to explain devianceBiological explanationSome violent criminals or sex offenders have an extra chromosomeThis theory is not supported by many sociologists because only two percent of the prison population has the extra chromosomePsychological explanationFreud believed we all had sexual and aggressive tendencies that we learn to control as we grow upPeople who are deviant may count on other people to control these tendencies or may never have learned to control these aspectsCAUSES OF DEVIANCECULTURE CONFLICT THEORYDifferent cultural norms come into conflict with the norms of society as a wholehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Kj7MV_38EA&safe=active FUNCTIONAL DYSFUNCTIONAL THEORYThose actions that interfere with the stability of the social systemDysfunctional action are those that lead to social disruptionNon-deviant actions are those that promote the social systemThe challenge is what is functional and what is dysfunctional, what is normal family behaviour???http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COMJgaYijfo&safe=active

CAUSES OF DEVIANCECULTURAL TRANSMISSION THEORYThis theory views deviant behaviour as learnedLabelled as the interactionist theory of devianceEdwin Sutherland proposed a concept of DIFFERENTIATED ASSOCIATIONThe proportion of your associations with deviant versus non deviant behaviours and individualshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rFMw1humR78&safe=active

CAUSES OF DEVIANCESTRUCTURAL STRAIN THEORY Believes that deviance results from the natural outgrowth of values, norms and structures of societyThis theory was developed by Robert Merton ANOMIEA state of confusion for individuals who are left without sufficient guidelines for behaviour because the norms of society are either unclear to them or inapplicable to them

CAUSES OF DEVIANCEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T4Hoj5BQXwY&safe=active Methods of approaching culturally approved goals

METHOD EXPLANATIONConformityMost people accept the culturally approved goals and the approved means for achieving the goalInnovationIndividuals accept the culturally approved goals but not the socially approved means for reaching the goalsRitualism Individuals who find it impossible to achieve cultural goals of society using acceptable meansRetreatismReject both the cultural goals and the means to reach them, then withdraw from societyRebellionReject both the cultural goals and the means to reach them, who now try to substitute a new set of accepted goals and means for achieving themCAUSES OF DEVIANCECONTROL THEORY Individuals with weak ties to the community are more likely to commit deviant acts and integrated individual are more likely to conformPeople who have strong connections to the community are more likely to conform because they have more to lose if they do not conformhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1r92EVYaY-A&safe=active http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YUQJkQK-SAw&safe=active

CAUSES OF DEVIANCECONFLICT THEORY Theory views deviance as a result of competition and social inequalitySocial life is seen as a struggle between those with power and those without powerSOCIAL INEQUALITYUnequal distribution of resources and social rewardshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4Bn52yuKy4&safe=active http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4JQO9nAG8M&safe=active

CAUSES OF DEVIANCELABELLING THEORY Focuses on how people become labelled as deviant instead of why people commit deviant actsEdwin Lemert and Howard Becker classified deviance as either being primary or secondaryPrimary Deviance Undetected non-conformity and the occasional well concealed deviant acthttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sv1I4q6lOpo&safe=active

CAUSES OF DEVIANCEThose people who commit primary deviance do not view themselves as deviantPure DeviantsThose people who violate norms and are seen as deviant by the rest of societySecondary deviantsInclude people falsely accused of being deviant as well as pure deviants

CAUSES OF DEVIANCEOnce people are labelled deviant their lives changeOthers judge them based on that labelIt restricts or limits their options within the larger societyOnce labelled these individuals will tend to gravitate towards others labelled as deviants in order to find acceptancehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GF1tNyzM1CA&safe=active http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hTghEXKNj7g&safe=active

SOCIAL CONTROLSOCIAL CONTROLThe method by which each society tries to deal with deviance and ensures that everyone lives according to the rulesInformal Social ControlGenerally understood expectations of behaviourDont cut in line, say please and thank you, do not talk with your mouth fullhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wvCHE53zrBc&safe=active Formal Social ControlControls have been set up deliberately to ensure conformity and control behaviourPolice, courts, jail and mental institutions are examples of formal social controls

CASE STUDY: THE PRISON SYSTEMHOW THE CANADIAN PRISON SYSTEM WORKSthose who have been arrested are initially held in lock up of jailThey are moved to jail or detention centre during their trialThey stay there if they have short sentencesSentences up to two years are served in a provincial reform institutionSentences over two years are served in a federal penitentiaryYoung people who break the law are held separately in closed custody(prison) or open custody (group home)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XPaLFszEFDA&safe=active

CASE STUDY: THE PRISON SYSTEMHistory of prisonsPrisons were created in England to hold people for trial or for not paying those debtsPenalties at the time included placed in stocks in public places, branded like an animal, sent to Australia or hungThe large prisons now in use started nearly 150 years agoThe Kingston Penitentiary was built in 1832http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KHUE9mMFZn4

CASE STUDY: THE PRISON SYSTEMhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f6jAd3FJG8E&safe=active Prisons are expensive to operate with annual costs for a prisoner over $45,000They are part of the corrections systemCorrections are negative sanctions, including imprisonment, parole and probation, used to punish criminalshttp://pbc-clcc.gc.ca/index-eng.shtml http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mPiYhg_oDL8&safe=active

http://lawfacts.ca/node/80 CASE STUDY: THE PRISON SYSTEMhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=higwYUdrWqs&safe=active Corrections are designed to serve four functionsRetributionThe punishing of the criminal so the victims and society are avengedDeterrenceDeterring others from committing crimes and encouraging others to be law abidingRehabilitationReforming the criminal behaviour so that the offenders can return to society as law abiding citizensSocial ProtectionProtecting society from further crimes by offenders by limiting their freedom

CASE STUDY: THE PRISON SYSTEMSUGGESTED REASONS FOR CRIMINAL BEHAVIOURChildhood exposure to leadShaken baby syndromePhysical and mental cruelty in childhood and adolescenceSome enjoy acts of devianceCan produce status in certain social groupsAttempting to meet basic needsPotential for easy profitshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DNh232YLsAg&safe=active http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_HoVnWlbnp8&safe=active

22GENERAL SOCIOLOGY PRESENTATION #6DEVIANCE AND CULTUREALIENATION http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b3ymGcDskys&safe=active AlienationThe inability of an individual or a group to share in the values of societyReasons for alienationPowerlessnessWhere feelings and desires of the people are ignored by those in chargeMeaninglessnessFell that everyday life is too confusing and too difficult to figure outNormlessnessPeople are not sure how to act when they move from one group to another that has different expectationsIsolationPeople who feel removed from society either physically or emotionallySelf-estrangement People who are unhappy with the situation they are in and blame themselves

THE SIGNFICANCE OF DEVIANT BEHAVIOURDurkheim observed some unifying impacts of devianceDeviance works to help define what is acceptable behaviour and what isntPeople who are unhappy with their social conditions or with their lives are more likely to strike out at society than those who are content with their lives or positions in lifeDeviance identifies problem with in society. It can help to indicate a need for social change http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=40fuePfQwAA&safe=active