DEVELOPMENTS IN SINDHI LEXICOGRAPHY

A DESCRIPTIVE SURVEY OFBILINGUAL ENGLISH-SINDHI-DICTIONARYZULFIQAR ALI SHAHAssistant ProfessorDepartment of EnglishShah Abdul Latif University

SUPERVISORPROF.DR.ZAFAR IQBAL

MICROSTRUCTURE OF A DICTIONARY(H.Jackson.2002)

SpellingPronunciationInflectionWord classMeaningsDefinitionsUsageEtymology

AN ENTRY OF CODE IN OELD-8code /:kd; NAmE kod/ noun, verb noun 1 [C,U] (often in compound) a system of words, letters, numbers, or symbols that represent a message or record information secretly or in a shorter form.verb [VN] 1 to write or print words, letters, numbers etc.on sth so that you know what it is, what group it belongs to etc.: Each order is coded separately. 2 to put a message into code so that it can only be understood by a few people. 3 (computing) to write a computer program by putting one system of numbers, words and symbols into another system SYN ENCODE

Zgustas (1971) criteria as summarized in Klapicova (2005) for the construction of an entry in a bilingual dictionary are as follows:

the entry ii. grammatical informationiii. pronunciationiv. equivalents in the target languagevi. encyclopedic informationvii. etymology of the entry wordviii. the lexicalized and the verbatim meaning of different morphemic and word combinations.

Sekaninova (1993) cited in Klapicova (2005) emphasizes seven parameters for theconstruction of an entry in a bilingual dictionary:. phonetic informationii. grammatical componentiii. stylistic parameteriv. lexical equivalencev. lexical stabilityvi. lexical-semantic connection potentialityvii. context applicability.

The following heuristic checklist developed by Abu-Risha,(2003)Semantic Information Grammatical Information Morphological Information Ancillary Information (pronunciation & its variations)

MEANING IN KIFAYATSPLACE: (P.2248), , , , , , , , , , , ( ) , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , () , .

continued , , , , , , , , , , , , , % , ], , , , , % , , , , , , , .

PRETTY: (P.2353), , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , () , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .

The following 17 lexical items are given under one head word head (p.154) head on milkhead of boathead of nailhead of arrowhead of needlehead of columnhead of armyhead of armyhead of boilper headhead achehead clerkhead landhead manhead quartershead stallhead way

Grammatical Information Different world classes are presented separately as main entries as: accuse, accused, accused; and achieve and achievement without mentioning or labeling their word classes. The other example is decide, decided; and decidedly (p.75).

Other important features of grammatical information are the mentioning of tenses; singular, plural and masculine, feminine words.grew p.t of grow (p.147) genera pl. of genus (p.139)gave p.t. of give (p.138)feet pl. of foot (p.119)lice pl. of louse (p.197)

Meaning Description The most important feature in the meaning description of this dictionary is mentioning of the context in which a particular word may be used. The connotation of the word is mentioned in parenthesis

Meaning Descriptionnib (of bird)Pyramid (of Egypt) (p.283)risible (nerve) (p.304)stagnate (water) (p.354)spoke n. (of wheel) (p.351)spade (cards) (p.346)slat (in Venetian blinds) (p.336)sley n. (weavers) (p.337)

In order to avoid the complex definitions, the context of the word is given in parenthesis in the Sindhi meaning of the English word:The word consult (p.60) has different connotations. All these are given in the meaning description: , ,

An entry in OESD

comply /kmplI/ v.intr. (-ies, -ied) with / : ( ) ( , ) complied with her conditions had no choice but to comply( )

PRONUNCIATION IN ENGLISH-SINDHI DICTIONARY

Pronunciation in OESD

Pronunciation in OESD

Pronunciation in OESD