Developmental SequenceDevelopmental Sequence

Cephalo-caudal –Cephalo-caudal –• Growth proceeds Growth proceeds

from head to footfrom head to foot

• Control hands Control hands before feetbefore feet

• Think before actingThink before acting

• Gets teeth before he Gets teeth before he walkswalks

Proximal distal – Proximal distal – • Growth proceeds from near to farGrowth proceeds from near to far

• Moves whole body, then arms, then Moves whole body, then arms, then hands & feethands & feet

Simple to complex –Simple to complex –

• Talks, reads, Talks, reads, writeswrites

• Lifts head, sits up, Lifts head, sits up, creep, crawl, creep, crawl, walk, runwalk, run

WeightWeight☺ Weight gain is a good indicator of health!Weight gain is a good indicator of health!

☺ 1-6 mo. .………………..2 lb./mo.1-6 mo. .………………..2 lb./mo.

☺ 7-12 mo. ……………....1 lb./mo.7-12 mo. ……………....1 lb./mo.

☺ At 1 year, baby’s TRIPLED in weightAt 1 year, baby’s TRIPLED in weight

☺ Now weighs from 20-22 lbs.Now weighs from 20-22 lbs.

HeightHeight

►Growth is steadyGrowth is steady

► At 1 year, baby is At 1 year, baby is 30 inches long!30 inches long! (added 50%)(added 50%)

ProportionProportion

►Head & tummy are Head & tummy are very largevery large (Top heavy)(Top heavy)

► Legs & arms are Legs & arms are very shortvery short

►No neck No neck

SightSight

► At birth, eyes are At birth, eyes are uncoordinated with uncoordinated with no tearsno tears

► Sees best at 12 Sees best at 12 inches & in black & inches & in black & white contrastwhite contrast

► At 3 mo., can see At 3 mo., can see almost as good as almost as good as an adultan adult

Depth PerceptionDepth Perception

► At birth, baby sees At birth, baby sees things as flatthings as flat

► By 3 mo., prefer 3-By 3 mo., prefer 3-dimensional viewdimensional view

HearingHearing► Develops BEFORE birthDevelops BEFORE birth

► Should have hearing Should have hearing test at 6 mo.test at 6 mo.

► They respond to They respond to soothing tones to soothing tones to

calmcalm down down

► Loud angry tones Loud angry tones

scarescare them them

Smell & Smell & TasteTaste

► The least developed sensesThe least developed senses

►Develops rapidly after birthDevelops rapidly after birth

► Sense of taste develops rapidlySense of taste develops rapidly

► Food likes & dislikes develop as it improvesFood likes & dislikes develop as it improves

VoiceVoice► Cry becomes shrillCry becomes shrill

► Teeth are necessary for someTeeth are necessary for some

sounds sounds (f, s & th)(f, s & th)

TeethTeeth► Begin to develop during Begin to develop during

pregnancypregnancy

► ““Baby” teeth come in at Baby” teeth come in at about 6 mo.about 6 mo.

► ““Teething” can be Teething” can be painful; baby may be painful; baby may be “cranky”“cranky”

► Coughing diarrhea, Coughing diarrhea, constipation, vomiting constipation, vomiting or feveror fever

► Lasts 2 years for a total Lasts 2 years for a total of 20 teethof 20 teeth

HandlingHandling► Take great care; one Take great care; one

hand under toosh, one hand under toosh, one under shoulders & headunder shoulders & head

► ALWAYS SUPPORT THE ALWAYS SUPPORT THE HEADHEAD

► Shaking, jiggling, or Shaking, jiggling, or tossing a child under 2 tossing a child under 2 creates a great risk of creates a great risk of severe bleeding of the severe bleeding of the brain & may cause brain brain & may cause brain damage or death!!!damage or death!!!

Types of DevelopmentTypes of Development

►Physical developmentPhysical development Gross motor skills – use of large musclesGross motor skills – use of large muscles

►Running, jumping, climbing, etc.Running, jumping, climbing, etc.

Fine motor skills – use of small musclesFine motor skills – use of small muscles►Coloring, using fork and knife, etc.Coloring, using fork and knife, etc.

► Intellectual developmentIntellectual development

Cognitive development – Cognitive development – ►mental processes through which mental processes through which

we think, learn, and communicatewe think, learn, and communicate

► Emotional development – Emotional development –

involves understanding and responding involves understanding and responding to our surroundingsto our surroundings Smile, cry, laugh, fear, sadness, angerSmile, cry, laugh, fear, sadness, anger

► Social Development –Social Development –

Understanding others and learning how Understanding others and learning how to interactto interact

““Play is a child’s work”Play is a child’s work”

►Moral Development Moral Development

knowing right from knowing right from wrongwrong

Looking AheadLooking Ahead

►First MonthFirst Month Turns head to clear Turns head to clear

nose from bednose from bed

Keeps hands fisted Keeps hands fisted or slightly openor slightly open

Few expressions Few expressions when awakewhen awake

►Second monthSecond month

Holds head up Holds head up while on tummywhile on tummy

Holds objects with Holds objects with handhand

Smiles and coosSmiles and coos

►Third monthThird month

Sits when supportedSits when supported

Turns head to soundsTurns head to sounds

Reaches for objects w/ Reaches for objects w/ both handsboth hands

► Fourth monthFourth month Rolls from side to sideRolls from side to side

Babbles and laughsBabbles and laughs

Clasps fingers and hands in playClasps fingers and hands in play

►Fifth monthFifth month

Rolls from front to backRolls from front to back

May sit supportedMay sit supported

Understands own nameUnderstands own name

► Sixth monthSixth month Transfer toy from one hand to nextTransfer toy from one hand to next

Creeps – Creeps – (army crawl) on tummy(army crawl) on tummy

Stands with supportStands with support

►Seventh monthSeventh month Pushes up on Pushes up on

hands and kneeshands and knees

Sits w/ little Sits w/ little supportsupport

May say May say “mama” and “mama” and “dada”“dada”

► Eighth monthEighth month CrawlsCrawls

Stands leaning Stands leaning against against somethingsomething

Mimics soundsMimics sounds

►Ninth monthNinth month May crawl up stairsMay crawl up stairs

Feed self Feed self

May understand andMay understand and

respond to some respond to some

wordswords

► Tenth monthTenth month Stands w/ little supportStands w/ little support

Repeats some wordsRepeats some words

Object permanence “hide and seek”Object permanence “hide and seek”

►Eleventh monthEleventh month Stands alone – Stands alone –

squats and squats and stoopsstoops

Mimics some Mimics some wordswords

►Twelfth monthTwelfth month Walks Walks

Points with Points with fingerfinger

Feeding a BabyFeeding a Baby► Cuddle & use soft wordsCuddle & use soft words

► Schedule will be Schedule will be unpredictable at birthunpredictable at birth

► They need as much as They need as much as they want, when they they want, when they want itwant it

► 6-8 times in 24hrs.6-8 times in 24hrs.

► By 1 year old, 3 meals a By 1 year old, 3 meals a day with snacksday with snacks

……more feeding tips…more feeding tips…► ALWAYS hold baby; never prop a bottleALWAYS hold baby; never prop a bottle

►No closeness & causes ear infectionsNo closeness & causes ear infections

►NEVER put to sleep with bottle; causes tooth NEVER put to sleep with bottle; causes tooth decaydecay

Introducing New FoodsIntroducing New Foods

►Choose a happy Choose a happy timetime

►Parent’s attitude Parent’s attitude influences child’s influences child’s acceptanceacceptance

►Usually cereal firstUsually cereal first

Introducing new foods cont…Introducing new foods cont…

► Weaning-changing from Weaning-changing from bottle or breast to a cupbottle or breast to a cup

► Self-feeding 8-10 mo. oldSelf-feeding 8-10 mo. old

► ““finger foods”finger foods” Toast or crackersToast or crackers

► Avoid raw veggies, nuts, Avoid raw veggies, nuts, candy or anything roundcandy or anything round These cause chokingThese cause choking

Other ConcernsOther Concerns

►Overfeeding-eating habits established earlyOverfeeding-eating habits established early

► Avoid overeating & sweetsAvoid overeating & sweets

►Malnutrition- not enough food or the Malnutrition- not enough food or the proper typeproper type

►DO NOT use low-fat or skim milk DO NOT use low-fat or skim milk with children!!!with children!!!

WIC WIC

►Women, Infants, & Women, Infants, & ChildrenChildren

► A federal grant A federal grant program for program for supplementing supplementing nutritional needsnutritional needs

► Provides eggs, cheese, Provides eggs, cheese, peanut butter, milk, peanut butter, milk, etc.etc.

Tub BathsTub Baths

► Use a special tubUse a special tub

►Hold with head Hold with head resting in left elbow, resting in left elbow, hand gripping left hand gripping left armpitarmpit

►NEVER, NEVER leave NEVER, NEVER leave alone, even for a alone, even for a second!!!second!!!

DressingDressing

►Baby doesn’t need Baby doesn’t need to be warmerto be warmer Their hands & Their hands &

feet usually feel feet usually feel cooler because cooler because of poor of poor circulationcirculation

Baby Care ItemsBaby Care Items

► Feeding your infantFeeding your infant

►Other baby care skills Other baby care skills Sponge BathSponge Bath Tub BathTub Bath DiaperingDiapering MassagingMassaging

►Older babiesOlder babies When crawling, When crawling,

overalls, long pants, overalls, long pants, and padded kneesand padded knees

► The newbornThe newborn Handle them sweetlyHandle them sweetly

Choosing ClothingChoosing Clothing► Comfort & EaseComfort & Ease

► Generous hems, extra Generous hems, extra buttons, waistbands buttons, waistbands that expandthat expand

► Simple stylesSimple styles

► Knit fabricsKnit fabrics

► Buy by age & weightBuy by age & weight

Washing ClothesWashing Clothes

► Use special laundry Use special laundry sanitizersanitizer

►HOT water & MILD HOT water & MILD soapsoap

► Always wash Always wash separatelyseparately

DiaperingDiapering► Cloth = least $Cloth = least $

►Disposable = most Disposable = most convenientconvenient Environmental Environmental

problemproblem

► 8-10 changes daily8-10 changes daily supplies ready ahead supplies ready ahead of timeof time Extra thick in back for Extra thick in back for

girls & front for boysgirls & front for boys

Diaper RashDiaper Rash

► Red, rough irritated skin from BacteriaRed, rough irritated skin from Bacteria

► Change frequently & clean thoroughlyChange frequently & clean thoroughly

► Expose to air, avoid plastic pants, see a Dr.Expose to air, avoid plastic pants, see a Dr.

SleepSleep►Necessary for growth and developmentNecessary for growth and development

►Need decreases during 1Need decreases during 1stst year year

►Newborn = 12 hours/dayNewborn = 12 hours/day

Preparation for SleepPreparation for Sleep

►Wash & changeWash & change

► Rocking or lullabiesRocking or lullabies

► Calm, unhurriedCalm, unhurried

► Covering, no draftCovering, no draft

Problems with SleepProblems with Sleep

► Cry or rock on Cry or rock on cribcrib Try to ignoreTry to ignore

► Check prolonged Check prolonged cryingcrying