Developmental PsychologyDevelopmental Psychology

Chapter 2Chapter 2

TheoriesTheories

WhatWhat

DangersDangers

UsefulnessUsefulness– Ability to generate predictionsAbility to generate predictions

– Heuristic Value – further thoughtHeuristic Value – further thought

– Practical ValuePractical Value

– Explain basic developmentExplain basic development

Psychoanalytic - FreudPsychoanalytic - Freud

Changes in development occur Changes in development occur due to the influence of _______ due to the influence of _______ drives and emotions on drives and emotions on ___________.___________.– LibidoLibido

Psychosexual stagesPsychosexual stagesPersonality has 3 partsPersonality has 3 parts– Cognitive DissonanceCognitive Dissonance

Psychoanalytic - EriksonPsychoanalytic - Erikson

Change due to internal drives and Change due to internal drives and cultural demandscultural demandsContinues throughout the lifespanContinues throughout the lifespan–Trust v. Mistrust 0-1Trust v. Mistrust 0-1–Autonomy v. Shame and Doubt Autonomy v. Shame and Doubt

1-31-3– Initiative v. Guilt 3-6Initiative v. Guilt 3-6

Problems?Problems?

Humanistic Theories - MaslowHumanistic Theories - Maslow

Most important drive is each Most important drive is each individual’s motivation to individual’s motivation to achieve ________________.achieve ________________.

Hierarchy of NeedsHierarchy of Needs– What’s missing?What’s missing?

Physiological

Safety

Love & Belonging

Esteem

Self-Actualization

Learning Theories - SkinnerLearning Theories - Skinner

Developmental changes result from an Developmental changes result from an accumulation of __________________.accumulation of __________________.Classical Conditioning - PavlovClassical Conditioning - PavlovOperant Conditioning – SkinnerOperant Conditioning – Skinner– PunishmentPunishment– ReinforcementReinforcement– ExtinctionExtinction– ShapingShaping

Social Cognitive – BanduraSocial Cognitive – Bandura– Observational LearningObservational Learning– Intrinsic ReinforcementIntrinsic Reinforcement– Problems?Problems?

Cognitive Theories - PiagetCognitive Theories - PiagetEmphasizes mental aspects of Emphasizes mental aspects of development such as logic and development such as logic and memorymemoryCognitive DevelopmentalCognitive Developmental– Scheme/SchemaScheme/Schema– AssimilationAssimilation– AccomodationAccomodation– Logical Thought develops through 4 stagesLogical Thought develops through 4 stages

Sensorimotor 0 – 18 moSensorimotor 0 – 18 moPreoperational 18mo – 6 yearPreoperational 18mo – 6 yearConcrete Operational 6 – 12Concrete Operational 6 – 12Formal Operational 12+Formal Operational 12+

Biological TheoriesBiological Theories

Attempt to link physical and Attempt to link physical and developmental processes.developmental processes.– Nativism – view that humans possess Nativism – view that humans possess

unique genetic traits that will be unique genetic traits that will be evidenced in all members of a evidenced in all members of a species regardless of environment. species regardless of environment. (Universal)(Universal)

– Ethology – emphasizes genetically Ethology – emphasizes genetically determined survival behaviors.determined survival behaviors.