Development Proposal and Environmental Management...

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Microbial Activity Pty Ltd

699 Richmond Road

Cambridge TAS 7170

Phone (03) 62 484484

Fax (03) 62 484485

Development Proposal and Environmental Management Plan

Recycling waste materials to benefit the environment, forestry

and agriculture in Tasmania

Author: Alice Palmer

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FOREWARD

This plan has been produced by Microbial Activity Pty Ltd using the General

Guidelines for the preparation of a Development Proposal and Environment

Management Plan (DPEMP) for Level 2 and ‘called in’ activities from the Board of

Environment Protection Authority, November 2008 and the Development Proposal

and Environmental Management Plan Project Specific Guidelines for Microbial

Activity Pty Ltd, Composting, Brightsides, Plenty Valley Road, Tasmania, November

2008. This plan is to assist the application to the Derwent Valley Council for Planning

Approval of an Aerobic Windrow Composting Facility at "Brightsides", 47 Plenty

Valley Road, Glenfern, TAS 7140.

This report describes the proposed composting operation, site plan and

management systems. The application demonstrates compliance with the relevant

parts of the Project Act, State Policies and the New Norfolk Planning Scheme 1993.

Other resources that were used to guide this application include the:

• Environmental Guidelines for Composting and other Organic Recycling

Facilities, Environment Protection Agency, Publication 508, June

1996.

• Australian Standards 4454 for compost, soil conditioners and

mulches, 2003.

• Australian Standards 4419 for soils for landscaping and garden use,

2003.

• Australian Standards 3743 for potting mixes, 2003.

• Guidelines for composting works in South Australia, EPA, 2007.

• Peer-reviewed journal articles on composting technologies.

• National Waste Management Policy, Southern Waste Strategy

Authority, Version 1.3., April 2006.

• Recycled Organics Unit online reports.




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• Forest Practices Authority (http://www.fpa.tas.gov.au).

• The List (http://www.thelist.tas.gov.au/index.html).

• Mining Resources Tasmania website (www.mrt.tas.gov.au).

• Bureau of Meteorology website (www.bom.gov.au).

Representations regarding the development application will be considered until the

expiry of the statutory 28-day period following advertising of the development

application.


http://www.fpa.tas.gov.au)

http://www.thelist.tas.gov.au/index.html

http://www.mrt.tas.gov.au

http://www.bom.gov.au)



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TABLE OF CONTENTS

FORWARD 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF TABLES

4

6

8

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 9

1. INTRODUCTION 11

2. PROPOSAL DESCRIPTION 17

2.1. Proposal outline 17

2.1.1. General 17

2.1.2. Construction

2.1.3. Commissioning

31

35

2.2. Site plan 36

2.3. General location map 36

2.4. Off-site infrastructure

2.5. Technical and management alternatives

42

42

3. THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENT 43

3.1. Planning aspects 43

3.2. Environmental aspects 48

3.3. Socio-economic aspects 55

3.4. Alternative sites 55

4. POTENTIAL EFFECTS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT 56

4.1. Air emissions 56

4.2. Liquid waste 70

4.3. Groundwater 73

4.4. Noise emissions 74

4.5. Solid and controlled waste management

4.6. Dangerous goods and other chemicals

4.7. Biodiversity and nature conservation values

74

75

76




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4.8. Marine and coastal 76

4.9. Greenhouse gases and ozone depleting substances 76

4.10. Heritage 77

4.11. Land use and development 77

4.12. Visual effects

4.13. Socio-economic issues

4.14. Health and safety issues

4.15. Hazard analysis and risk assessment

4.16. Fire risk

4.17. Infrastructure and off-site ancillary facilities

4.18. Environmental management systems

4.19. Cumulative and interactive effects

4.20. Traffic impacts

77

78

79

80

82

82

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82

83

5. MONITORING AND REVIEW 84

6. DECOMMISSIONING AND REHABILITATION 85

7. COMMITMENTS 86

8. CONCLUSION 88

9. REFERENCES 89

10. APPENDICES INDEX 91




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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1a. The Lubke aerobic compost windrows are approximately 3m x

2m x 100m and produced on a slight slope to allow leachate to proceed

to the dam (Figure 5a, b, c)

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Figure 1b. The tractor drawn windrow turner with hose to add water to

the compost windrows

21

Figure 1c. Windrow turner 21

Figure 2. The process of composting from delivery of compost

ingredients through to transport of the finished product

22

Figure 3. Route of trucks from Norske Skog Boyer to the composting site

at Plenty

33

Figure 4. Route of trucks from Barwicks Landscape Suppliers to the

composting site at Plenty

34

Figure 5a. Location of the proposed composting site, site entrance, road

and building with GDA94 coordinates.

37

Figure 5b. Location of proposed composting site with contours, leachate

dam, building site and entrance

38

Figure 5c. Location of proposed composting site with leachate dam,

building site and entrance with latitude and longitude coordinates. Map

from Google Earth.

39

Figure 6. The distance from the composting site to neighbours/receptors 40

Figure 7. Property ID 5829416, Title Reference 126321/2 41

Figure 8. Land zonings for the composting site and surrounding centres 46

Figure 9. Photos of the composting site following clearing in March 2009 47

Figure 10. Soil classification 49

Figure 11. Hydrogeology of the composting site 50

Figure 12. Bore holes monitored near the composting site 52

Figure 13. Vegetation classification of the composting site 53

Figure 14. Threatened fauna (Wedge-tailed eagle) observation near the 54




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composting site

Figure 15. The Microbial Activity site in relation to surrounding receptor

locations

57

Figure 16. The Microbial Activity site in relation to surrounding receptor

locations and land uses

58

Figure 17. Distance from composting site to Bureau of Meteorology

weather stations

60

Figure 18. 9am wind roses for the months with the lightest winds at A.

Moogara and B. Bushy Park

64

Figure 19. 3pm wind roses for the months with the lightest winds at A.

Moogara and B. Bushy Park

65

Figure 20. Terrain analysis showing the Microbial Activity site in relation

to surrounding receptor locations

67

Figure 21. Highest daily rainfall (mm) from 1971 to 2000 at Bushy Park.

The highest rainfall was 60mm on the 22nd of January 1997. Figure and

data from Bureau of Meteorology

72

Figure 22. Mean daily evaporation (mm) from 1989 to 2009 at Bushy

Park Estate

73




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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Compost names and ingredients employed in the AusIndustry

Commercial Ready Plus trial

Table 2a. Nutrient analysis of Norske Skog paper sludge 24

Table 2b. Limit of contamination in compost for unrestricted use 25

Table 3. BTEX of sludge analysis 25

Table 4. Comparison of hydrocarbon content of three effluent sludge

samples using in-house methods developed by Analytical Services

Tasmania (AST) using DCM extraction and the NSW Waste Classification

Guidelines recommended USEPA Method 1664A using hexane extraction

and silica gel clean-up.

Table 5. Comparison of hydrocarbon content of three Microbial Activity

compost samples using in-house methods developed by Analytical

Services Tasmania (AST) using DCM extraction and the NSW Waste

Classification Guidelines recommended USEPA Method 1664A using

hexane extraction and silica gel clean-up.

Table 6. The timeline for construction of the composting site

26

27

32

Table 7. The timeline for construction and commissioning of the

composting site

35

Table 8. Nearby receptor locations 59

Table 9. Mean 9am wind speed (km/h) and wind direction frequencies

for Moogara (1990 to 2008) and Bushy Park (1878 to 2009)

62

Table 10. Mean 3pm wind speed (km/h) and wind direction frequencies

for Moogara (1990 to 2008) and Bushy Park (1878 to 2009)

63




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Aerobic compost windrow development proposal and environmental management

plan

Recycling waste materials for the environment, forestry and agriculture in Tasmania

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Microbial Activity Pty Ltd (MA) is a company in Tasmania researching and developing

alternatives to chemical fertilisers and fungicides. The company has obtained federal

government grants to commence production of quality aerobic windrow compost for

sustainable agriculture and forestry. The aim of this proposal is for MA to gain

approval for the development of an aerobic windrow composting operation, which

converts waste ingredients, currently disposed of at landfill sites across Southern

Tasmania, to high quality organic matter for sustainable agriculture and forestry. The

primary ingredients used in compost production include paper sludge, pine bark and

grape marc (remnants of the wine making process ie. grape pips, skins).

This proposal outlines the Lubke system of composting employed in composting

operations across the world, especially in Europe and the United State of America.

The Lubke system uses oxygen, microorganisms and a mechanical turner to produce

the maximum quality aerobic compost. This system involves vigorous daily testing of

raw ingredients and compost windrow temperature, moisture and microbial activity

as well as weekly testing of nitrogen, pH, conductivity, hydrogen sulphide and redox

potential to ensure the composting process is on target biologically and chemically.




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In summary, the application by MA seeks to recycle 50,000 tonnes of waste per

annum using the Lubke system of aerobic windrow composting. The compost site

occupies approximately 15 hectares within "Brightsides", 47 Plenty Valley Rd,

Glenfern and will be leased from Tim Jenkins. The 15 hectare site is free from major

timber due to selective logging in March, 2009 (See Appendix A, B). Some of the

remaining timber will need to be removed to form the compost windrows. This

timber will only be removed if it complies with the Forest Practices Regulation

exemptions (Information on land clearing controls in Tasmania, www.fpa.tas.gov.au,

Accessed 2009).

MA will construct one building within the proposed site comprising a two bay

machinery shed plus enclosed workshop (9m x 18m x 4.5m), two offices, a bathroom

and compost testing laboratory.

The primary aim of this proposal is to present sufficient information to the general

public and to enable Council to satisfy its environmental obligations and standards.


http://www.fpa.tas.gov.au



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1. INTRODUCTION

Microbial Activity Pty Ltd (ACN 125739255, ABN 73 125 739 255) was incorporated

on 1 July 2007 and is a research and development company specialising in the

production of high quality organic compost with specific scientific properties that will

increase agricultural sustainability and productivity. The personnel within the

company have expertise in agriculture, microbiology, molecular biology, eco-

physiology and plant pathology, compost, aerobic compost extract and business. To

date the company has:

• Developed a verbal agreement with Barwicks to obtain pine bark and green

waste from them and to sell compost back to them.

• Developed a verbal agreement with Norske Skog Boyer to process their waste

into high quality compost.

• Developed an agreement with Tim Jenkins to lease 15 Ha of property within

Brightsides.

• Developed a compost testing laboratory at the University of Tasmania farm

• Undertaken business development activities interstate to explore

consultancy opportunities.

• Sourced waste from Hood Wines and Tasmanian Wine Makers.

• Developed standardised ACE.

• Developed a marketing plan and company brand with Brandbuilders, Hobart.

• Developed the company branding and associated collateral with Great Scott

design

• Researched the current market in Tasmania and prearranged sales of the

compost product to agricultural sectors

• Received an AusIndustry Commercial Ready Plus grant for researching and

developing aerobic compost. Under the grant seven aerobic composts are

being compared to non-treated and synthetic fertilisers in apricots, lettuces,

barley, apples and grapes.




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• Received a "Caring for our country" grant from the Department of

Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry to research and develop aerobic compost

extract (ACE). ACE is a watery extract of compost applied to the fruit and

foliage of horticultural crops to suppress diseases. ACE and ACE with

additional nutrients is being compared to synthetic fungicides and a non-

treated control in grapes, walnuts and lettuces.

• Received a Climate Ready grant to determine:

o the soil carbon content, water retention and infiltration benefits of

compost on agricultural soils;

o the benefits of compost in the future ie. increasing atmospheric

concentrations of elevated carbon dioxide; and

o if ACE can suppress frost.

• Consulted with

o Neighbouring properties (Sensitive receptors – See Section 4.1)

o Department of Environment, Parks, Heritage and Arts, Tasmania

o Department of Primary Industries and Water, Tasmania

o Environmental Protection Agency, Tasmania

o Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Tasmania

• Formal presentations on MA, soil biology and health, compost and ACE to:

o Australian Plant Society 2009

o Wine Industry Tasmania 2008

o Tread Light Festival, Botanical Gardens Hobart 2008

o Pinot noir Forum Swansea 2008

o Apricot growers meeting 2008

o Pinot noir Forum Bicheno 2007

o Annual General Meeting of the Vineyard Association of Tasmania

2007

o Compost Australia meeting 2006 and 2007.

All four directors of MA have project management and technical management

expertise. Dr Dean Metcalf is a manager of several innovative scientific projects,




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which require experience in planning, strategy, integration, quality maintenance,

financial management, team building and human resource issues. He organized and

managed the funding of his PhD project investigating Trichoderma sp. for onion

disease suppression, the onion pathology program for the Tasmanian Institute of

Agricultural Research and recently was invited to be a member of Onions Australia.

Dr Metcalf founded Biocontrol Australia Pty Ltd in 2002 developing biological control

agents and together with Mr Scherer founded Bio-bot Pty Ltd in 2006. Dr Metcalf will

assist in reporting and scientific evaluation of quality compost.

Mr Scherer is an experienced manager of commercial agricultural projects which

have required both managerial and technical experience. Mr Scherer has:

• Introduced new composting technology to Australia

• Consulted for the majority of compost companies in Australia

• Developed a successful organic fertilizer business

• Developed the first organic shipping company, a range of organic fruit and

vegetable projects

• Established a successful vegetable business

• Developed Frogmore Creek organic vineyard and winery in Tasmania.

Mr Scherer will provide advice on compost manufacture and equipment needed for

quality assurance as well as expert advice on aerobic windrow composting and the

conditions necessary to produce a high quality compost product.

Mr Ellis has completed a Bachelor of Rural Science and a Diploma in Financial

Management, University of New England. Mr Ellis manages two vineyards, a grazing

and cropping property, a restaurant and function centre and the Meadowbank wine

business. Mr Ellis has over 30 years experience in grazing and broad acre cropping as

well as viticulture. He also serves on a number of industry and government advisory

boards. Mr Ellis will direct and manage the personnel within MA and ensure project

development. Mr Ellis has a commitment to excellent business and customer

relations.




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Dr Palmer recently completed her PhD in Agricultural Science, researching the

standardization of ACE for maximum suppression of fruit and foliar diseases of

grapevine (Palmer 2008). She is an experienced plant pathologist, microbiologist,

molecular biologist and eco-physiologist. Dr Palmer completed a Bachelor of Science

degree with Honours examining the effects of elevated carbon dioxide on Tasmanian

grasses. With Dr Palmer’s qualifications, research experience, industry affiliations

and skills in plant pathology, she will provide an excellent level of technical and

scientific advice to enhance the MA services.

Mr Guy Taylor is an equity partner in MA. Guy is responsible for Marketing and

Branding MA. Mr Taylor founded the US offices for Blundstone (Australia’s largest

footwear manufacturer) in 1997. He is the creator of the ‘Who is James Boag?’

campaign, widely acknowledged as the most successful premium beer brand in

Australia. He has taught at Swinburne University and has been a resident of both

Yaddo colony in New York and the Cite des Arts in Paris. Mr Taylor will attend

monthly business meetings discussing MA’s marketing opportunities and branding.

The primary aim and distinguishing feature of MA is one based on development of a

commercially viable method of producing high quality, value adding organic compost

with specific scientific properties that will increase agricultural sustainability and

productivity. MA will differentiate from other composting companies who are

primarily involved in waste management. Furthermore, there will be no animal

excrements or animal remains in MA’s compost. These ingredients could otherwise

lead to production of human pathogenic bacteria. The ingredients in MA's compost

have been pre-determined by the AusIndustry Commercial Ready Plus trial. MA will

be using paper mill sludge and pine bark from Norske Skog Boyer, green waste from

the Clarence City Council, grape waste from Hood wines and Tasmanian Wine

Makers. Raw ingredients will be tested bi-monthly for pesticide residues and/or

pollutants. MA will be completing regular testing on-site to monitor the compost

process and ensure regulation with the Australian Standard 4454 for compost, soil

conditioners and mulches (2003).




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MA will:

• Lease land from Tim Jenkins.

• Produce compost.

• Research and develop compost and compost related products.

• Market and sell to:

o Agriculture;

o Forestry;

o Councils for rehabilitation projects; and

o Golf courses.

• Supply a front-end loader, compost turner, tractor, building and road.

Barwicks Landscape Supplies will:

• Organise sales to landscape companies.

• Supply trucks for transport of the finished compost.

• Supply green waste from Clarence City Council.

• Supply a compost screener.

Norske Skog Boyer will:

• Deliver sludge and pine bark from the paper mill, New Norfolk.

• Provide a compost windrow turner.

MA’s initial start-up cost is estimated to be $250,000 for the front-end loader,

compost turner, tractor, road and building. MA has already purchased the front-end

loader, compost turner and tractor.

The proposed composting operation supported by MA, Norske Skog Boyer and

Barwicks will benefit the environment by:

• Diverting waste from landfill.

• Reducing carbon emissions from landfill. Avoidance of landfill in Australia will

result in a 13 million tonne potential abatement of carbon dioxide emissions

(Warnken ISE, 2007). Currently in Tasmania, there are approximately 20




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approved landfills that receive over 490,000 tonnes of waste per year (Nolan

ITU, 2001).

• Reducing synthetic fungicide inputs due to disease suppressive qualities of

compost (Hoitink and Boehm 1999) and increase microbial activity and

diversity in the soil environment. Horticultural producers have relied heavily

on fungicides to control crop diseases for many decades. Several pathogens

are becoming resistant to these fungicides (Steden et al. 1994, Erickson and

Wilcox 1997, Savocchia et al. 2004) and consumers perceive that fungicides

are harmful to the environment and can affect human health. Organic

horticultural production, with no synthetic fungicides, nevertheless can result

in large crop losses. Current horticultural management aims to achieve high

yielding and quality crops, while maintaining sustainable practices. Compost

can form part of an integrated disease management programs.

• Reducing synthetic fertiliser inputs by providing an abundance of beneficial

nutrients and trace elements, which are necessary for crop growth. Compost

breaks down gradually and is a “slow release fertiliser”.

• Increasing water retention. Compost will reduce evaporation and drainage,

and improve water infiltration and storage, reducing the need for additional

irrigation.




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2. PROPOSAL DESCRIPTION

2.1. Proposal outline

2.1.1. General

(a) The major items of equipment and on-site facilities.

The major items of equipment and on-site facilities include:

• Two tractor drawn compost windrow turners.

• A front end loader and tractor.

• A back hoe.

• A second tractor.

• Two 25,000 L water tanks.

• A power line.

• Impermeable bunding to prevent leachate drainage downslope

• A gravel road to the building site

• A sealed surface 12 m back from Plenty Valley Road into the subject site

• A 2 bay machinery shed adjoining 2 offices, a bathroom and

laboratory

• A 5000L ACE extraction plant will be constructed in the machinery shed.

5000L of tank water will be put in the container and 500kg of compost will be

placed in a large porous bag and submerged in the water. The water is

circulated with a sump pump and air is blown into the tank with a spa pump

to maintain an aerobic environment. Beneficial microorganisms and nutrients

leach out of the bag into the oxygenated water. This liquid is brewed for 24-

72h and then delivered to farmers. Farmers will use ACE as a plant disease

suppressant, microbial booster and nutrient enhancer. ACE has been

standardised by Dr Alice Palmer during her PhD and is measured daily to

ensure aerobic conditions and measured for pH, conductivity, nitrate, nitrite,

temperature, dissolved oxygen and nutrient analysis prior to sale. ACE will be




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prepared when necessary and transported from site immediately following

production. Compost will be put back into the windrows.

• A leachate dam with liner (refer liner specification p 29) and aeration pump

(backup pump in case of malfunction)

• Vehicle and equipment cleaning area

• Fencing around the exterior of the site

• Weighing bay

(b) The process

The Lubke system of composting

The Lubke system of composting was developed by Siegfried and Uta Luebke in

Austria. The system closely monitors the aeration, moisture, nitrogen cycle,

temperature, humus values, pH and conductivity of the compost to ensure high

standards of quality and a high-grade humified compost product. Physical, chemical

and biological processes during composting convert raw organic matter into complex

humic substances. These substances are insoluble in water and resist leaching of

nutrients. High quality aerobic compost is created when microorganisms bind to

these humic substances. Figure 1 illustrates the Lubke compost windrow dimensions.

Figure 2 illustrates the process of composting from the delivery of raw materials

through to shipment of products.

The raw ingredients

At the proposed site, the raw ingredients will be paper sludge and pine bark from

Norske Skog Boyer, green waste from Clarence City Council and grape marc from

Frogmore Creek wines and Wine Makers Tasmania. Norske Skog Boyer will be

delivering sludge to the composting site every weekday excluding public holidays.

Sludge will constitute approximately 50% of the compost windrows. An on-site

administrator will direct each truck driver to a designated labelled compost windrow

location and the sludge will immediately be deposited. Grape marc, green waste and

pine bark will make up the remaining 50% of each compost windrow and will be




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placed evenly on top of the sludge. Each compost windrow will be 100m long, 3m

wide and 2m high in a triangular prism shape. The compost turner (Fig’s 1B and 1C)

runs down the length of the compost windrow turning every segment of organic

matter. Each windrow is turned twice a week in the first 5 weeks of composting and

then weekly until mature. Water is added when necessary through the attached

hose and spray unit under the turner. The arch of the turner guarantees that

material will stay within the boundaries of the turner and that the triangular prism

shaped windrows will be maintained. Aggregate stability, windrow orientation and

forming process prevent the compost from washing downslope.

No compost raw ingredients will be placed in stockpiles, all ingredients will be placed

directly into the windrows and turned and watered immediately to ensure no odour

or dust. Sludge will be tested for hydrogen sulphide on delivery. If the sludge is too

anaerobic (level 4 or 5: See below); MA will not accept the product. The rejected

sludge will be the responsibility of Norske Skog.

Determination of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in compost

Test equipment needed

• 1 clean tumbler

• 2 Petri plate lids

• Lead acetate strips

• 18% Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

• Graduated cylinder

• Distilled water

Use gloves. Place one heaped tablespoon of sludge into beaker. Wet 2 lead acetate

paper strips with distilled water and apply to each Petri plate lid. Add 50ml of 18%

HCl to compost samples and immediately place one Petri plate on the top of the




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tumbler with the lead acetate strips facing towards the solution. Lightly mix from

side to side. Wait 10 min. Compare the colourisation of the strips on top of the

tumblers to the control strip on the Petri place left on the lab bench.

Level 0 = no colour difference No sulphide, aerobic

Level 1 = slight colour (brown) Slightly anaerobic

Level 2 = dark brown Needs to be added immediately to pine

bark or grape marc and turned regularly

Level 3 = dark brown with metallic tint Sludge is anaerobic and needs to be

added immediately to pine bark or grape

marc and turned immediately.

Level 4 = brownish/black (strong metallic

tint)

Highly anaerobic product. TOXIC




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Figure 1. a. The Lubke aerobic compost windrows are approximately 3m x 2m and produced on a slight slope to allow the run-off to proceed to the dam (Figure 5a, b, c). b. The tractor drawn windrow turner with hose to add water to the compost windrow. c. Windrow turner.

a.

b.

c.




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Figure 2. The process of composting from delivery of compost ingredients through to transport of the finished product.

Delivery of quality sludge from Boyer

Microbial Activity Pty Ltd produces composts with various ingredients and determines the highest quality compost for agricultural production (AusIndustry grant). Laboratory testing for macro-, micronutrients and metals

Compost site administrator directs the Norske Skog truck driver to a labelled compost windrow location and the sludge is deposited immediately in the 100 to 150m long windrow

Sludge turned immediately and water applied while turning to prevent odour and dust

Compost site administrator directs the Norske Skog truck drivers and Barwicks drivers to a labelled windrow containing sludge and the pinebark and grape marc are placed on top of the sludge

Compost turned immediately and if necessary watered as determined by moisture analysis

Tractor drawn compost turner and watering system

Tractor drawn compost turner and watering system

Moisture, carbon dioxide and temperature assessment

Daily testing of compost temperature, moisture and carbon dioxide to ensure compost is on track biologically and chemically. Weekly testing of the nutrient cycle, pH, conductivity and redox as well as hydrogen sulphide tests to ensure compost aeration

Compost turned and watered when necessary

Twelve-week compost completion

Compost sent to the Environmental Analysis Laboratory for measurement of macro and micronutrients

Compost maintained in windrows for no more than 4 weeks

Delivery of pine bark from Boyer and pesticide free grape marc from Barwicks

Compost delivered to agriculture, forestry and wholesale landscape customers




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Monitoring of the compost

Temperature and microbial activity will be monitored daily during compost

production. The nitrogen cycle, hydrogen sulphide, pH, buffering pH, conductivity

and moisture will be measured weekly in the laboratory. The consistent monitoring

and evaluation will verify when to turn the compost and add water. The composting

process takes 12 weeks and will be delivered to customers and landscape companies

when completed.

Norske Skog Boyer is committed to trialling and supporting composted sludge

(Appendix C). Appendix D outlines the paper making process at Norske Skog Boyer.

MA will ensure that sludge, pine bark, green waste and grape marc are tested

regularly to guarantee product consistency and safety. Sludge, pine bark and green

waste will be collected bi-monthly from Norske Skog, Boyer and Barwicks,

Mornington to test for hydrocarbons, heavy metals and or pesticide residues. Pine

back does not contain any pesticide residues as pesticides are not sprayed on the

surface of Norske Skog forestry trees. Grape marc is only produced during the winter

and will be tested annually for pesticide residues (Appendix E).

Table 2a illustrates the sludge analysis prior to composting. The carbon to nitrogen

ratio is 25:1 and the level of heavy metals in sludge is below the level proposed for

unrestricted use in the Guidelines for Composting Works in South Australia,

Environmental Protection Agency (2007) (Table 2b). Table 3 shows the BTEX levels in

sludge and mature compost.




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Table 2a. Nutrient analysis of Norske Skog sludge. Analysis completed by the Environmental Analysis Laboratory, Lismore. Nutrient Units P3715/1

TOTA

L N

utri

ents

(Aci

d D

iges

t/

Com

bust

ion)

Nitrogen N % 1.35 Phosphorus P % 0.18 Potassium K % 0.06

Sulphur S % 0.24 Carbon C % 34.2

TOTA

L Sa

lts

(Aci

d D

iges

t) Calcium Ca % 0.26

Magnesium Mg % 0.06 Sodium Na % 0.17

TOTA

L M

etal

s

(A

cid

Dig

est)

Copper Cu ppm 20 Zinc Zn ppm 16

Manganese Mn ppm 21 Iron Fe ppm 492

Boron B ppm 3.9 Molybdenum Mo ppm 0.3

Cobalt Co ppm 0.2 Silica Si ppm 306

Calc

ulat

ions

/ Ra

tios

Nitrogen : Sulphur Ratio units 5.6 Nitrogen : Phosphorus Ratio units 7.7 Nitrogen : Potassium Ratio units 21.5

Carbon : Nitrogen Ratio units 25.4 Crude Proteinsee note 5 % 8.4

Add

itio

nal

TO

TAL

Met

als

(Aci

d D

iges

t)

Silver Ag ppm 0.04 Arsenic As ppm 0.08

Lead Pb ppm 1.9 Cadmium Cd ppm 0.04 Chromium Cr ppm 14

Nickel Ni ppm 2.1 Mercury Hg ppm 0.16

Aluminium Al ppm 6,202

Notes: 1: Sample digested with nitric acid for total nutrients/ salts and metals 2: ALL ANALYSIS IS DRY WEIGHT - Samples dried at 60˚C for 24hours prior to fine grinding 3. ppm = mg/Kg 4. Carbon/ Nitrogen/ Sulphur using a LECO CNS2000 Analyser 5. By Calculation:- Crude Protein = %N x 6.25 6. Unless requested, leaf samples are NOT washed to remove salt spray or liquid fertilizers prior to analysis




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Table 2b. Limit of contamination in compost for unrestricted use and the level of contamination in sludge. Contaminant Dry solid (mg/kg) from Guidelines for composting

works in South Australia, EPA, 2007. Sludge analysis

(mg/kg) Arsenic <20 0.08 Cadmium <3 0.04 Chromium <50 14 Copper <60 20 Lead <150 1.9 Mercury <1 0.16 Nickel <60 2.1 Zinc <200 16 Table 3. BTEX of sludge and compost. 6 samples supplied by Microbial Activity on 6th August, 2008 - Lab Job No. E9840. Analysis completed by Labmark Environmental Laboratory. Analytical method Reference Average of three

sludge analyses Average of three compost analyses

MOISTURE (% w/w) A 80 32 BTEX D Benzene (mg/Kg) D Toluene (mg/Kg) D 0.2 <0.2 Ethylbenzene (mg/Kg) D <0.5 <0.5 Meta-and-Para-Xylene (mg/Kg)

D 0.6 <0.5

Ortho-Xlylene (mg/Kg) D <1 <1 Total Xylene (mg/Kg) D <0.5 <0.5

Effluent sludge and Microbial Activity compost samples were recently collected for

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) determination. Sludge from the paper mill is

high in natural plant hydrocarbons, e.g. resin and fatty acids, phytosterols and

waxes, and those potentially formed in process, e.g. acid soaps. The NSW

Department of Environment and Climate Change ‘Waste Classification Guidelines’

recommend that USEPA Method 1664A be followed where samples may contain

other hydrocarbons that could interfere with the TPH analysis. This method involves

solvent exchange to hexane and treatment of the sample extract with silica gel prior

to analysis. Hexane extraction is expected to result in a lower extractable fraction by

weight, and is more likely to contain the true hydrocarbons. The additional silica gel

clean-up step serves to remove any compounds with acid or soap functional groups,




26

leaving behind the pure oils and associated petroleum compounds. The samples

were analysed by Analytical Services Tasmania first using their in-house TPH method

and then compared against the recommended USEPA Method 1664A.

The effluent sludge results (Table 4) clearly demonstrate that using hexane

extraction and the silica gel clean-up removes a significant proportion of the total

hydrocarbons present in the samples, particularly in the C15-C28 range. The

remaining hydrocarbons, more accurately reflecting those from petroleum sources,

are subsequently within NSW Waste Classification Guidelines for general solid

wastes (<5,000 mg/kg) and the Tasmanian Classification and Management of

Contaminated Soil for Disposal range required for Level 1 Fill Material (<1,000

mg/kg).

The compost samples, when subjected to the same analyses (Table 5), revealed that

hydrocarbon content is very low using the ‘standard’ method and typically below the

analytical limits of detection after hexane extraction and silica gel clean-up. These

results suggest that the hydrocarbons present in the effluent sludge are readily

consumed during the aerobic composting process. Petroleum hydrocarbon levels

decline during composting because of aerobic microbial activity, the presence of

hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, aeration, minerals, nutrients and moisture in the

compost windrows.

Table 4. Comparison of hydrocarbon content of three effluent sludge samples using in-house methods developed by Analytical Services Tasmania (AST) using DCM extraction and the NSW Waste Classification Guidelines recommended USEPA Method 1664A using hexane extraction and silica gel clean-up. AST in-house method (DCM) USEPA 1664A (hexane)

Sample A B C A B C

C06-C09 <5 17 <5 n/a n/a n/a

C10-C14 624 894 254 604 683 235

C15-C28 243 1500 501 <5 16 <5

C29-C36 <5 33 <5 <5 <5 <5

TPH 867 2444 755 604 699 235

n/a C06-C09 not reported as the hexane solvent falls into this range




27

Table 5. Comparison of hydrocarbon content of three Microbial Activity compost samples using in-house methods developed by Analytical Services Tasmania (AST) using DCM extraction and the NSW Waste Classification Guidelines recommended USEPA Method 1664A using hexane extraction and silica gel clean-up. AST in-house method (DCM) USEPA 1664A (hexane)

Sample A B C A B C

C06-C09 7 7 <5 n/a n/a n/a C10-C14 12 14 12 <5 9 <5 C15-C28 58 28 49 <5 <5 <5 C29-C36 50 21 25 <5 <5 <5 TPH 127 70 86 <20 <20 <20 n/a C06-C09 not reported as the hexane solvent falls into this range

Staff training

Staff training will include an intensive workshop where:

• The theories of Lubke composting are taught;

• Staff will obtain hands on practical experience in appropriate composting

processes and techniques;

• Staff will be taught how to conduct tests at the different stages of the

compost process and the procedure involved in conducting daily, weekly and

final testing;

• Staff will be taught how to interpret compost results and know what

procedures to take to ensure optimum composting conditions;

• Staff will be taught the Australian Standards for compost, conditioners and

mulches AS 4454; and

• Staff will be taught occupational, health and safety procedures within the

composting site and the laboratory.

Day 1: Humus management and why you compost.

Day 2: Material and recipe analysis and what is required in blending materials. What

causes odours and how odours are mitigated. The theories of building windrows and

how to maintain them.




28

Day 3: Sending staff to the composting site and training them in occupational, health

and safety and how to turn the windrows.

Day 4: Sees the continuation of practical training and staff are taught the different

stages of composting.

Day 5: Testing of compost material. Sampling of compost and examining the

difference between various compost ages and materials.

(c) The raw materials required for the proposal

• Sludge.

• Pine bark.

• Green waste.

• Grape marc.

• Clay material for bunding and composting surface with a permeability of 10-9.

• Water from Lake Fenton. Two 25,000L water tanks will be placed beside the

machiney shed and approximately 10 ML of water is available from a total

water licence of 64 ML for Brightsides.

• Materials for road works and car park: fine gravel, concrete.

• Building materials:

o Slab;

o Plumbing;

o Septic tank; and

o Corrugated iron shed.

(d) Energy requirements The only energy required for the compost site will be the pumps used for ACE

production and the dam as well as general electricity use within the building site. MA

will require electricity for the offices, bathroom and laboratory as well as for any

necessary tools in the machinery shed.




29

(e) All sources of waste including by-products

Potential sources of waste at the composting site will be from the laboratory and

windrows. The chemicals that will be used in laboratory testing and will be waste

include:

• Hydrochloric acid (18%)

• Nitrate, nitrite and ammonium test reagents (Merck Pty Ltd)

• Potassium chloride (15 g in 1 L of distilled water)

All these ingredients will be deposited in safety containers and disposed of according

to the Material Safety Data Sheets. This laboratory waste will be segregated, labelled

and stored in the correct manner.

Sludge that is too anaerobic or contains hazardous materials will be rejected by MA

and will be Norske Skog’s responsibility.

A minute amount of carbon dioxide is released from the compost windrows during

production. Composting diverts organic material from landfill where it is responsible

for generating methane, a greenhouse gas 25 times the potency of carbon dioxide.

Saving one tonne of organic material from landfill saves the in the order of 0.9 to 2.7

tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents (Australian Greenhouse Office Factors and

Methods Workbook 2006). Furthermore, by putting compost into soils we are

sequestering atmospheric carbon. One tonne of composted mulch applied to land

can sequester approximately 0.025 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (Recycled

Organics Unit 2003.) Composting leads to net greenhouse benefits, even where

composts are transported significant distances (600 km) for agricultural application

(Recycled Organics Unit 2003).

Any leachate from the windrows will be diverted by bunding to the lined leachate

dam. The water will be reused in the compost windrows.




30

(f) Facilities to collect and treat wastes

Once a month a disposal company, Chemclear, will collect the waste ingredients

from the laboratory. Containers will be cleaned and deposited at waste transfer

stations.

(g) Any proposed new point source wastewater discharge points

Grey and black water will be discharged into an approved waste water treatment

system. The soils at the site are moderately permeable with a good ability to accept

wastewater flows. The proposed building will have a maximum water usage of 120 L

per day and a design loading rate of 12 L per m2 per day, a dual purpose septic tank

system would require an absorption area of at least 10 m2. This area would be

accommodated by one 10 m long x 1.2 m wide x 0.6 m deep trench connected to a

minimum 3000 L dual purposed septic tank. For more information See Appendix F

and G for more information.

(h) Any proposed new point source atmospheric discharge points

New point atmospheric discharge points will be from the compost turner, front end

loader and delivery and removal trucks.

(i) Any major sources of noise

Noise will be generated from the tractor and front-end loader, the pumps for ACE

production and the dam and the 13 truck movements per weekday. The number of

trucks entering the compost site is unlikely to be an issue as the composting site is

not in a residential area and the closest house to the site is more than 1 km away.

The tractor, windrow turner and front-end loader will sound like standard farming

machinery in the agricultural area. The water pump for ACE production and the dam

will only operate on weekdays between 7am and 6pm.

(j) Details of production capacity and production rates

There will be 120-140T of raw ingredients delivered to the composting site every

weekday excluding public holidays. Sludge, green waste and pine bark will be

delivered daily to form the compost windrows. Grape marc from the wineries will be




31

delivered during winter on a weekly basis. MA will process 50,000T of raw

ingredients annually. Initially each windrow contains approximately 300 m3 of

material. The final size of the windrow (after microbial degradation) is about 150 m3.

(k) The hours of operation

Operational hours are 7am to 6pm Monday to Friday and on Saturdays if rain is

expected or sludge has been delivered late on a Friday afternoon. The composting

business will not operate on public holidays.

(l) The volume, composition, origin, destination and route of vehicle movements

Attached are two maps (Figure 3 and 4) illustrating the truck routes from Norske

Skog Boyer and Barwicks to the composting site, respectively. Compost delivery

routes will vary depending on the customer location. Barwicks trucks that deliver

waste will be back-loading with finished compost.

2.1.2. Construction.

(a) A step-by-step description and timetable for construction.

A timeline for construction is in Table 6.

Major raw materials needed for the composting site will be:

• A compact base and fine gravel for an access road. The road will be 3m wide

and approximately 500m long. There will be 375m3 of base material and

150m3 of gravel. The gravel road will be constructed according to the Traffic

Impact Assessment (Appendix H).

• A 12m long paved entrance.

• Clay material for bunding and the composting surface with a permeability

greater than or equal to 10-9.

• Lining for the leachate dam.

• The colour bond machinery shed and building materials and a septic tank

• Two water tanks - 25,000 L.




32

There will be no temporary buildings or construction required for the site. There will

only be half a dozen construction workers at any one time during site construction.

Construction activities will be completed between 7am to 6pm weekdays.

Table 6. The timeline for construction of the composting site. Date Item 14th November – 30th November Bed compacting and gravel for the 500m

entrance to the composting site. Bunding for windrows and dam lining. Power lines installed. Water tanks installed. Slabs poured for the building site and plumbing completed.

1st December – 14th December Colour bond shed erected. Internal layout of sheds installed.




33

Figure 3. Route of trucks from Norske Skog Boyer to the composting site at Plenty. Map from Google Earth.




34

Figure 4. Route of trucks from Barwicks Landscape Suppliers to the composting site at Plenty. Map from Google Earth.




35

(b) Measures designed to prevent the introduction or spread of introduced plant

species, weeds, pests and diseases during construction works

See Appendix B which is a Forest Practices Plan for Tim Jenkin’s property. MA will

follow the guidelines for Phytophora cinnamoni, weeds, pests and diseases during

construction. Furthermore, MA will ensure there is good housekeeping practices,

regular inspection, frequent removal of waste contaminants, regular cleaning, a

fence to prevent animals and a locked entrance gate.

In addition, the thermophilic stage (>55oC) of composting kills all weed seeds and

therefore no weeds will not be carried off site in the compost (AS 4454). There are

currently no weeds on the proposed site.

2.1.3. Commissioning. A step-by-step description of major commissioning

activities.

The timetable for construction, commissioning and staged development of the

proposal is in Table 7.

Table 7. Timetable for construction and commissioning. Date Item 10th August 2008 - 1st of September 2009 Write the Development Application and

Environmental Management Plan. Finalise the Draft Lease from Tim Pringle. Organise a building contractor, and shed and site plan.

8th - 30th October 2008 Meetings with the Derwent Valley council, DIER and EPA.

1st September 2009 Submit Development Proposal and Environmental Analysis Plan. Lodge Development Application

30th October 2008 Begin trial compost preparation 30th November 2009 Development Application Approved 1st – 14th December 2009 Building construction 1st – 6th December 2009 Staff training 1st December 2009 Sludge delivery 2nd December 2009 Pine bark and green waste delivery and

compost production begins




36

2.2. Site plan

Figure 5a, b and c illustrate the site location. The building and water tank sites will be

on cleared land and no timber will need to be removed for construction. A small

number of Eucalyptus species will need to be removed to develop the compost

windrows. These trees will be removed only if they comply with Forest Practices

Regulations exemptions (Information on land clearing controls in Tasmania,

www.fpa.tas.gov.au, Accessed 2009). A boundary of Eucalyptus forest will be

maintained along Plenty Valley Road according to the Forest Management Practices

Plan (Appendix B). Machinery will be kept in the two bay machinery shed unless in

use.

2.3. General location map.

The compost site is located in a slight bowl. All leachate will run from the boundary

(bunding) and will be directed into the leachate dam. There is a slope downhill to the

dam. Figure 6 illustrates the distance between the compost site and the closest

houses/receptors. The nearest houses are at GDA 94 coordinates:

House 1 - E:496132 N:5263216

House 2 - E:495759 N:5263479

House 3 - E:497865 N:5263479

House 4 - E:499219 N:5263442.

The Salmon Ponds cafe is at coordinates E:497463 N:5266451. Appendix I is the

certificate of title and shows the boundary of Tim Jenkin’s property. Figure 7 also

demonstrates the property information.





37

Figure 5a. Location of the proposed composting site, site entrance, road and building with GDA94 coordinates. A = E:496770 N:5264360. B = E:497100 N:5264150, C =496600 N:5264050, D = E496900 N:5263830, Building site = E496980 N5263900.




38

Figure 5b. Location of proposed composting site with contours, leachate dam, building site and entrance. Leachate dam = E496610 N5264050




39

Figure 5c. Location of proposed composting site with leachate dam, building site and entrance with latitude and longitude coordinates. Map from Google Earth. Red line = power line from Aurora. Light blue line = water pipe line.




40

Figure 6. The distance from the compost site to neighbours/receptors. Map from Google Earth.




41

Figure 7. Property ID 5829416, Title Reference 126321/2. The property will be owned by Tim Jenkins.




42

2.4. Off-site infrastructure

• There will be no port activities.

• Power will be distributed from Aurora.

• Water supply will not be necessary during construction.

• A water line runs through Brightsides and MA will be able to connect into the

line. Approximately 10 ML of water will be acquired per annum from a total

water licence of 64 ML for Brightsides. Provision of power and water will

entail minimal disturbance and expense. Water is from Lake Fenton.

2.5. Technical and management alternatives

There are four general composting techniques:

• In-vessel composting involves composting within a building, container or

vessel.

• Passive composting requires piling waste materials with minimal turning and

management.

• Pile composting involves aeration of compost piles with perforated pipes or

layers of porous materials.

• Aerobic windrow composting involves machine turned compost windrows

such as Microbial Activity's compost windrows.

Aerobic windrow composting is the cheapest and most reliable method of

composting. Daily and weekly testing of the compost ensures aerobic conditions,

pathogen destruction, no odour, no dust and quality compost production. Unlike

passive composting, a regular supply of oxygen ensures that no nitrites, phosphites,

sulphites, or alcohols are produced. Furthermore, aerobic composting methods

decompose organic materials faster and more efficiently than passive composting

and studies suggest that passive composting systems emit large amount of

greenhouse gases. Furthermore, in-vessel and pile composting consume large

amounts of energy during production.




43

3. THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENT

3.1. Planning aspects

(a) The location of the proposal site and the associated infrastructure.

The composting site will be located within "Brightsides", 47 Plenty Valley Road,

Glenfern, Tasmania. The latitude, longitude and altitude of the leachate dam,

building site and the four corners of the composting site are:

A. 42°46′23.84′′S, 146°57′37.86′′E, 126m

B. 42°46′30.65′′S, 146°57′52.38′′E, 138m

C. 42°46′33.88′′S, 146°57’30.37′′E, 116m

D. 42°46′41.02′′S, 146°57′43.57′′E, 145m

Leachate dam. 42°46′33.88′′S, 146°57′30.81′′E, 116m

Building site. 42°46′33.75′′S, 146°57′47.09′′E, 145m

The GDA94 coordinates of the leachate dam, building site and four corners of the

composting site are:

A. E:496770 N:5264360

B. E:497100 N:5264150

C. E:496600 N:5264050

D. E:496900 N:5263830

Leachate dam. E: 496610 N:5264050

Building site. E: 496980 N:5263900

This site is 15Ha in total and located within a 30Ha leased site from Tim Jenkins. The

site is 14km from Norske Skog and 25 km from Barwicks Landscape Supplies. The site

is 110m from power lines on Plenty valley road and a water pipe runs through the

property (Figure 5a, c). Appendix F illustrates the proposed building site plan, waste

water and stormwater information. Any overflow from the water tanks will be

diverted through drains to the leachate dam.




44

(b) Information on land tenure and property boundaries

The 578 Ha property is now owned by Tim Jenkins. MA will be leasing the site from

Tim Jenkins. See Appendix J.

(c) Land zonings for the proposal site and surround areas.

The proposed site is zoned general rural land. The surrounding areas are agriculture,

forestry, rural residential, rural retreat and future residential. See Figure 8.

(d) Any rights of way, easements and covenents.

There are no issues associated with rights of way, easements and covenants. MA will

be leasing the proposed site from Tim Jenkins. It is within 15 km of Norske Skog MA’s

main supplier and water and power are on site.

(e) Land use and planning history of the proposal site.

The proposed site was selectively logged in March 2009 (Figure 9). The site was a

Eucalyptus obliqua (Stringy bark) dry sclerophyll forest with a dense shrubby

understorey. The percentage of gums was approximately 30%. Typical understorey

included: ground ferns, large sedges, grass and shrubs. There was also an abundance

of Acacia melanoxylon (Blackwood) and Acacia dealbata (Silver wattle). There are

now very few Eucalypts on site and MA will only remove vegetation according to the

Forest Practices Regulations exemptions (Information on land clearing controls in

Tasmania, www.fpa.tas.gov.au, Accessed 2009).

This site is:

• close to the water line;

• has a natural slope downhill to the leachate dam which is perfect for

composting;

• is at a high elevation;

• out of site from neighbouring properties; and





45

• has an existing buffer zone.

(f) A description of the land use and ownership in the vicinity of the proposal site

and those areas which may be affected by the proposal.

The proposed site is located within general rural land zones. There are no industrial

facilities, residences, schools, hospitals, or other sensitive areas within 500m of the

proposed site.




46

Figure 8. Land zonings for the composting site and surrounding areas. ( = Approximate location of proposed facility, Beige = General Rural, Green = Agriculture, Aqua = Forestry, Purple = Rural Residential, Orange = Future Residential, Pink = Rural Retreat.

Generated at: 14:13 on 30-October-2008 EST User: Public Charge Details:

(504351,5267473)

(489232,5257093) Identify Results - Cadastral Parcels Property ID 5829416

Title Reference 115799/2

Address "BRIGHTSIDES", 47 PLENTY VALLEY ROAD, GLENFERN TAS 7140

LPI 2403259

© COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER. Map data is compiled from a variety of sources and hence its accuracy is variable. If you wish to make decisions

based on this data you should consult with the relevant authorities. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of the

report may be copied without the permission of the General Manager, Information and Land Services, Department of Primary Industries, Water

and Environment, GPO Box 44 Hobart 7001.




47

Figure 9. Photos of the composting site following clearing in March 2009.




48

3.2. Environmental aspects

(a) A description of the general physical characteristics of the proposal site and

surround area, including topography, geology, geomorphology, soils, vegetation,

fauna, groundwater and surface drainage.

The proposed site is between 116 m and 145 m elevation on Podzol and Podzolic

soils over sandstone and Jurassic Dolerite bedrock (Figure 10). The Plenty River is

located 500 m downhill of the proposed site. Figure 11 describes the hydrogeology

of the site. The aquifer type if slightly fractured and vulnerability to pollution is low.

MA will prepare the ground surface to ensure a permeability rating of 10-9 m per s.

The site will have a minimum thickness of 0.3 m compacted clay. MA will apply a

10% buffer in bulk density. A bulk density of 2.2 g/cm3 will be achieved across the

site and will reduce the hydraulic conductivity of the clay to 10-9 m per s (Appendix

K). This precautionary measure will prevent any contaminated water from reaching

ground water as illustrated in the Information Bulletin No. 108, Landfarming

Petroleum Contaminated Soil, Department of Tourism, Arts and the Environment,

August 2006.




49

Figure 10. Soil classification. = Approximate location of proposed facility Orange = Jurassic Dolerite. Adapted from MRT website.

Plenty River




50

Figure 11. Hydrogeology of the composting site. = Approximate location of proposed facility. Adapted from MRT website. Grey = Prospectivity low. Aquifer type fractured. Rock group Granitoids. Limited groundwater resources. Highly fractured areas may yield domestic and livestock supplies. Very occasional crop irrigation yields. Quality variable. Vulnerability to pollution low unless highly fractured zones occur without a low permeability cover.

There are two monitored bores close to the compost site (Figure 12).

Bore 3718 is located near Salmon Ponds in Plenty approximately 2.2 km NNE of the

site. Details include:

i. Depth 9.4m

ii. X coordinate 497450

iii. Y coordinate 5266200

iv. Datum AMG66

v. Depth water struck and yield 6.1m (Yield: .38 L/sec)

Bore 3721 is located in Glenfern approximately 2.6 km SE of the site. Details include:




51

vi. Depth 27.8m

vii. X coordinate 499200

viii. Y coordinate 5362600

ix. Datum AMG66

x. Standing water level (SWL) 10m

xi. Depth water struck 14m (Yield: 15.15 L/sec)

The land has been selectively logged but was sparse Eucalyptus obliqua forest and

woodland (Figure 13).

There is one dry dam on the proposed site which will be lined and used as a leachate

run-off dam. There will be a gradient of 10 – 15 % in to the leachate dam.

Figure 14 illustrates one record of Wedge-tailed eagle greater than 1 km to the west

of the proposed composting site. The proposed compost site will not disturb the

birds. Wedge-tailed eagles breed in old-growth native forests. These forests usually

have closed canopies. There are no nesting gum trees on the compost site.

Therefore, the compost site development will not affect the Wedge-tailed eagle.

There is little risk of fire because the proposed site and Tim Jenkin’s land surrounding

the site was logged in March 2009.




52

Figure 12. Bore holes monitored near the compost site. = Approximate location of proposed site. Map from MRT website.




53

Figure 13. Vegetation classification of the compost site. = Approximate location of proposed site. DOB = Eucalyptus obliqua forest.

Generated at: 14:29 on 30-October-2008 EST User: Public Charge Details:

(497485,5265009)

(495596,5263711)

© COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER. Map data is compiled from a variety of sources and

hence its accuracy is variable. If you wish to make decisions based on this data you

should consult with the relevant authorities. Apart from any use permitted under the

Copyright Act 1968, no part of the report may be copied without the permission of

the General Manager, Information and Land Services, Department of Primary

Industries, Water and Environment,

GPO Box 44 Hobart 7001.




54

Figure 14. Threatened fauna (Wedge-tailed eagle) observation near the compost site. = Wedge tail eagle observation. = Approximate location of proposed site.




55

3.3. Socio-economic aspects

The proposed site is located at Glenfern, Tasmania. Glenfern is predominantly rural

and agricultural land and located in the locality of New Norfolk with 5286 people.

This region is seen as a less favourable place to invest for residential living, for

business and tourism compared with other areas in southern Tasmania (Budge et al.

2008). Four to six people will be employed by MA and located on-site.

3.4. Alternative sites

Several alternative sites were investigated for this proposal including:

Property Name Comment Alanvale

Chris Hume Inadequate water

Glenleith Peter Cooper

Too many truck movements close to house

Shane Eisezle Sold land Ashbolt Farm Anne Ashbolt Owner not interested

Inadequate water Kinvarra David Bevan Owner not interested Ivanhoe David Howell 0409611993 Owner not interested Charlemont Ashley Huntington Too small area and too

steep Mayfield Brett Pritchard Inadequate water

Shared driveway with neighbours




56

4. POTENTIAL EFFECTS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT

4.1. Air emissions

Surrounding land uses and buffer distances

An attenuation schedule was recently developed by the state Department of Justice

to incorporate into planning schemes. The standard attenuation distance for

composting operations involving only vegetation wastes is 500 m. This distance is

determined on the basis of potential odour and noise emissions (Department of

Justice, 2007).

Figures 15 and 16, and Table 8 illustrate that the attenuation requirements are easily

met, with the nearest sensitive receptor location being 1231 m from the site. Table 8

also provides the bearing and critical wind direction from the proposed site to each

receptor.

Figures 16 and 8 (Section 3.1c) show that the surrounding land uses (general rural,

agriculture, and forestry) are compatible with composting operations.




57

Figure 15. The Microbial Activity site in relation to surrounding receptor locations. The red plus signs represent the boundary of the regions containing the Microbial Activity windrows.




58

Figure 16. The Microbial Activity site in relation to surrounding receptor locations and land uses. Map from Google Earth. The red plus signs represent the boundary of the regions containing the Microbial Activity windrows. Note that the proposed site has been cleared of vegetation since this image was taken.




59

Table 8. Nearby receptor locations.

Easting (mEMGA)

Northing (mN

MGA)

Receptor name

Distance from

centre of wind

rows (m)

Bearing from

centre of wind

rows to receptor

(o)

Bearing direction

(/8)

Critical wind

direction for

receptor (/8)

496132 5263216 House 1 1231 212 SW NE

495759 5263479 House 2 1289 233 SW NE

497865 5266221 House 3 2240 29 NE SW

499219 5263442 House 4 2567 109 E W

497463 5266451 Salmon

Ponds

2294 17 N S

Odour Generation

Odour is normally only generated during sludge delivery. Odour is unlikely to be an

issue once the pine bark, green waste and grape marc have been mixed with the

sludge, formed into windrows and turned once. Odour generation is therefore only

expected during the initial windrow preparation phase, which takes approximately 1

hour. Subsequent disturbance of windrows will not generate odour.

Dispersion meteorology

There are two Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) weather stations within 10 km of the

proposed site:

(1) Moogara (Uxbridge Back Road).

(2) Bushy Park.

Moogara is located at 42o 79’ S, 146o 91’E and is at 532m elevation. Bushy Park is

located at 42o 71’ S, 146o 90’ E and is at 27m elevation. The compost site is located at

42o 46’ S, 146o 57’ E and is at 130m elevation.




60

Manual observations occur at both BOM sites at 9 am and 3 pm. An automatic

weather station (AWS), which continuously measures wind, is also located at the

Bushy Park site. An analysis of observations from both BOM sites will adequately

indicate expected wind speed and directions at the composting site. Figure 17

illustrates the distance between the BOM sites and the proposed composting site.

Figure 17. Distance from composting site to Bureau of Meterology weather stations. = Approximate location of proposed site, = Bureau of Meteorology weather stations. Bushy Park is 8.9 km and Uxbridge Back Road is 5.46 km from the site.

Odour nuisance is most pronounced under light wind conditions when there is a

significant odour source and dispersal of odour with no significant dilution. These

conditions are most likely to occur during winter and at night/early morning and

coincide with stable atmospheric conditions.

The Moogara and Bushy Park weather data was collected between 1990 and 2006

and 1878 and 2009, respectively. At Moogara, the lowest mean wind speeds for both

9 am and 3 pm occurred in July. Table 9 shows that the mean 9 am July wind speed is




61

4.4 km/h. The corresponding 3 pm speed is 6.7 km/h (Table 10). At Bushy Park, the

lightest winds were 3.7 km/h in June and July at 9 am (Table 9) and 6.8 km/h in June

at 3 pm (Table 10).

These light winds predominantly approach from the west at Moogara (Figure 18a

and 19a) and from the north-west at Bushy Park (Figure 18b and 19b) and given the

time of day and season are most likely associated with winds draining off local

topographical features. Given that the closest sensitive receptor to the east/south-

east of the composting site is 2.65 km away, and the lightest winds occur less than

30 % of the time (Figure 18 and 19), odour is unlikely to present an issue at this

receptor. Figure 18 and 19 are the wind roses from the wintertime datasets at 9 am

and 3 pm and show the worst case scenario when there is the poorest dispersion.




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Table 9. Mean 9 am wind speed (km/h) and wind direction frequencies for Moogara (1990 to 2008) and Bushy Park (1878 to 2009). Red numbers represent the lightest winds at both sites. Month Mean 9 am wind speed (km/h) Wind direction frequency (%) Moogara Bushy Park Moogara Bushy Park N NE E SE S SW W NW Calm N NE E SE S SW W NW Calm January 6.2 8.3 8 4 5 2 5 4 27 9 36 11 6 4 9 5 9 9 13 34 February 5.3 6.1 6 3 2 1 4 6 26 8 44 10 6 4 8 6 7 8 11 40 March 5.2 5.3 3 2 2 1 7 6 29 6 44 8 4 2 4 4 6 10 12 50 April 5.6 5.7 3 2 3 1 5 6 29 8 43 8 4 3 5 5 6 9 12 48 May 5 4.5 2 0 3 1 3 6 31 4 50 8 3 2 4 4 5 8 12 54 June 4.9 3.7 3 3 3 2 5 5 30 5 44 5 2 2 4 4 6 6 12 59 July 4.4 3.7 3 1 3 1 5 6 31 4 46 5 2 1 3 3 8 8 12 58 August 5 4.6 5 1 2 1 3 4 34 8 42 3 1 3 3 7 6 15 7 55 September 6.3 7.6 6 4 4 1 3 3 41 9 29 15 6 4 7 4 8 7 10 39 October 6.9 8.5 5 3 3 1 6 6 40 10 26 7 4 3 12 5 16 15 22 16 November 7.1 8.7 8 5 5 3 8 5 32 8 26 13 6 4 7 4 8 8 15 35 December 6.6 9.4 4 3 3 2 4 6 32 8 38 10 6 3 8 5 10 10 16 32 Source: Extracted from monthly wind roses found in the Bureau of Meteorology website (www.bom.gov.au).





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Table 10. Mean 3 pm wind speed (km/h) and wind direction frequencies for Moogara (1990 to 2008) and Bushy Park (1878 to 2009). Red numbers represent the lightest winds at both sites. Month Mean 9 am wind speed (km/h) Wind direction frequency (%) Moogara Bushy Park Moogara Bushy Park N NE E SE S SW W NW Calm N NE E SE S SW W NW Calm January 10.3 16.3 9 9 16 3 6 5 39 6 8 6 5 4 14 7 17 13 22 12 February 9.5 15.2 9 9 8 4 6 9 38 6 11 8 7 4 15 6 15 12 20 13 March 9.2 13.3 8 7 10 2 5 8 41 6 13 8 7 3 12 5 20 12 14 19 April 8.3 11.4 9 5 5 2 9 8 41 5 16 6 5 2 8 6 13 14 18 28 May 7.1 8.8 3 3 2 2 9 9 42 6 24 5 3 2 6 4 12 13 18 37 June 6.7 6.8 4 3 3 4 9 7 42 6 22 7 3 2 6 2 9 12 16 43 July 7.1 8.2 7 2 6 1 8 8 42 7 19 6 3 2 7 4 12 10 17 39 August 8.2 10.9 7 2 2 4 6 6 50 8 15 8 4 3 8 4 11 12 21 29 September 9 14.6 10 5 5 2 6 6 48 8 10 10 4 3 9 6 12 13 25 18 October 10.6 16 10 7 7 3 4 9 48 5 7 8 5 2 11 5 16 15 22 16 November 10.6 16.4 9 9 10 4 5 9 40 5 9 7 5 3 12 5 16 17 20 15 December 10.5 17 5 9 10 4 6 8 43 6 9 7 5 3 16 4 20 10 22 13

Source: Extracted from monthly wind roses found in the Bureau of Meteorology website (www.bom.gov.au).





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Figure 18. 9 am wind roses for the month with the lightest winds at a. Moogara and b. Bushy Park.

a. b.




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Figure 19. 3 pm wind roses for the month with the lightest winds at a. Moogara and b. Bushy Park.

a. b.




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Terrain analysis and odour dispersion

Figure 20 provides a terrain analysis for the proposed site and surrounding region.

The proposed composting site is situated at the top of a hill. The slope within the

composting site is 10 to 15%, sloping from the north-east to south-west towards the

Plenty River Valley. The elevation falls from 145 m to 116 m over the site. Odour

emissions under localised drainage flow conditions are therefore likely to drain off

the site into the Plenty River Valley. These winds are strongest at night time and

during winter. Drainage flows are the light localised winds which drain off the terrain

under stable atmospheric conditions. Odour travels with little dilution along

drainage flows.

Regional flows are also likely to be generated by drainage winds radiating off Mt

Lloyd, located approximately 1.5 km to the south of the site. These worst-case

drainage flows will transport odour emissions from the site towards the north and

north-west. Odour is therefore once again likely to be dispersed into the Plenty

River Valley and away from any sensitive receptors.

Sensitive receptors (Figures 15, 16, 20)

House 1 and 2 are protected by the hill and valley. Only strong winds will transport

odour from this site. Strong winds provide adequate dilution.

House 3 and the Salmon Ponds are protected by distance. Channel flows will flow

down the Plenty River Valley during worst case dispersion. The travel path down the

Plenty River Valley is tortuous and significantly increases the down-wind distance.

House 4 is also protected by distance. Mt Lloyd and local topography will prevent

odour reaching House 4.




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Figure 20. Terrain analysis, showing the Microbial Activity site in relation to surrounding receptor locations. The red plus signs represent the boundary of the regions containing the Microbial Activity windrows. Terrain data was extracted from the Tasmanian 100 m digital elevation model.




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Site preparation and production conditions to prevent odour

The Lubke composting process is generally not affected by fog, temperature

extremes, wind directions and air currents. In particular in the MA system of

composting, potential odours are controlled by selecting a suitable composting

method and:

• Heap structure;

• Using only wood waste and green waste;

• Beginning the composting process with a carbon to nitrogen ratio of 20-25:1;

• Maintaining aerobic microbial activity;

• Maintaining oxygen supply in the windrows;

• Preventing anaerobic conditions which lead to ammonia and hydrogen

sulfide release;

• Regular compost testing (temperature, microbial activity, pH, nitrate, nitrite,

ammonium, conductivity, hydrogen sulfide, buffering capacity, moisture

content);

• Regular testing of the leachate dam for anaerobic conditions;

• Regular testing of pits below windrows to ensure few leachates;

• By staff training;

• Using appropriate operating procedures;

• Maintaining windrow moisture content;

• Blending the moist sludge from Norske Skog with dry pine bark and grape

marc;

• Bunding at appropriate points around the compost site will prevent pools of

water in the event of a 1 in 25 year storm and will direct contaminated

stormwater and leachate to leachate dam;

• A pump in the leachate dam to re-use the run-off in the compost windrows;

• An aeration pump in the leachate dam to be turned on if the dam becomes

anaerobic;

• Any overflow from the water tanks will be diverted by drains to the leachate

dam;




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• Directing the waste materials immediately into the compost windrows when

it is delivered and turning and wetting the ingredients; and

• Measuring hydrogen sulphide from sludge on delivery and rejecting sludge

that is over level 3 (See Section 2.11b).

MA and Norske Skog have an agreement that sludge will be delivered immediately to

the compost site once produced. MA will ensure that the sludge is added to compost

windrows immediately on arrival to the compost site and will be mixed with pine

bark and grape marc to ensure odour minimisation. The windrows will then be

turned regularly. MA presently has trial windrows at Plenty and with our

management program and composting process; there is only odour in the first hour

of compost production.

Finally, in the unlikely event of the compost turner needing repairs, we will ensure

there are a back-up compost turner and a front-end loader to continue the

composting process unabated.

The operation will be managed to prevent dust emissions beyond the site. Microbial

Activity Pty Ltd will add a light sprinkle of water to the compost windrows to prevent

dust when turning on windy days. On very windy days compost operations will

cease. Dust from the turning of compost materials will be unlikely due to moisture

content of Norske Skog's sludge. Daily testing of moisture content within the

windrows will ensure adequate moisture content and thus prevention of dust and

anaerobic conditions.

Microbial Activity Pty Ltd will maintain control of bio-aerosols by managing windrow

moisture, dust and aerobic conditions. Staff training and good management

practices will guarantee bio-aerosols will be kept below back-ground levels. MA will

have a management regime to control vectors such as birds and therefore restrict

contamination.




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4.2. Liquid waste

Any run-off from the composting windrows will be diverted by bunding into the lined

dam. MA’s compost windrows are shaped to maximise run-off and hence reduce

infiltration. Ponding of leachate is avoided by design and maintenance of the slope

and orientation of the windrows and bunding such that free drainage from the

windrows to the dam is permitted. The dam will be overlaid with a flexible

membrane liner of permeability for water of less than 10-14 ms-1. For example, the

Nylex XL Formula PVC Geomembranes. These membranes will ensure permeability

maintenance for a period at least equivalent to the life of the dam. The membranes

have high UV life, extra long buried life, puncture resistance and are greater than

1.5mm thick. The dam will be designed to accept the run-off generated by a 1 in 25

year, 24h storm event without overflowing.

Water balance – rainfall and evaporation

The highest daily rainfall (mm) over the last 25 years was 60mm on the 22nd of

January 1997 at Bushy Park weather station (See Figure 21). The mean daily

evaporation (mm) rate was also highest in January with a reading of 5.1 mm (Figure

22). Daily data is not available for Moogara. Krogmann and Woyczechowski (2000)

reported that 15 to 20% of rainwater reaching an uncovered compost windrow pile

could be released as run-off. Therefore as a worst-case scenario we can calculate

that:

- 60 mm of rainfall minus 5.1 mm evaporation x 20% runoff = 10.98 mm =

0.01098 m.

- 15 Ha for proposed site = 150,000 m2 x 0.01098 m = 1647 m3 runoff =

1647000 L = 1.647 ML runoff.

The total annual rainfall for Bushy Park is 574.3 mm and the total mean annual

evaporation is 949 mm. Therefore, on average, more water is evaporated than

settled and a 1 in 25 year storm event will not overflow the dam.




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Water balance – amount of water needed for windrows

MA have been producing trial windrows (<100 T) at Plenty since December 2008.

The lowest mean moisture level in windrows during this time was 14.1%. This

moisture level is therefore the worst case scenario. The mean weight of the compost

at 14.1% moisture was 562 kg per m3. MA will only ever have 15,000 T of waste

materials on site at any one time. Therefore:

- Windrow size is (100 m long x 3 m wide x 1.5 m high) = 450/2 = 225m3 per

windrow

- Weight of compost/windrow = 225 x 562 = 126,450 kg

- Water required to get to ultimate 25% moisture = (25-14.1%)/100 x 126,450

kg = 7460 kg water = 7450 L of water

- Total water requirements for 15 Ha of windrows = 50 x 7460 = 373,027 L

- Windrows are repeated 4 times per year (assuming 12 week composting

period)

- Total site water requirement annum = 4 x 373,027 = 1.492110 ML

Therefore, a dam size of 1.5 ML will be adequate for windrow moisture

maintenance.

Bunding

Bunding will be constructed by placing mounds (0.8 m high and 0.5 m wide) with a

clay core to provide impermeability (10-9 m per s) at appropriate points around the

composting site to divert leachate in to the leachate dam. Leachate will be contained

within the composting site. Sludge will be placed in windrows on the composting site

followed by the grape marc and pine bark.

Leachate control

The leachate will be adequately maintained in the lined leachate dam (See Section

2.1.1.e). Anaerobic conditions in the leachate dam will be avoided by aerating when

necessary. The leachate dam will be monitored weekly. MA will test for hydrogen

sulphide and levels of dissolved oxygen. If hydrogen sulphide is present or levels of




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dissolved oxygen are below 6ppm then the leachate dam will be aerated. Monitoring

pits will also be positioned under two compost windrows and monitored regularly.

Figure 21. Highest daily rainfall (mm) from 1971 to 2000 at Bushy Park. The highest rainfall was 60 mm on the 22nd of January 1997. Figure and data from Bureau of Meteorology.




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Figure 22. Mean daily evaporation (mm) from 1989 to 2009 at Bushy Park Estate.

4.3. Groundwater

The proposed site is on Triassic Sandstone. There is a metamorphosed Sandstone

contact fault running north west to south east along the north eastern border of the

site. The contact will not be an issue because the compost windrows and leachate

dam are 50 m down slope of the contact zone. The remainder of the site has

groundwater in excess of 20m below the ground surface. The risk associated with

leachate water recharging into deep groundwater is therefore very low. It is

recommended that MA:

• maintain a minimum buffer distance of 50 m to the contact fault;

• increase the soil bulk density from its current mean of 1.64 g per cm3 to 2.00

g per cm3. This will reduce the hydraulic conductivity of the clays on site to

the required 1 x 10-9 m per s (Information Bulletin No. 108, Department of

Tourism, Arts and the Environment, 2006). Topsoil stripping will be significant

in some areas particularly on north facing slopes underlying the southern

windrows. SFM (2009) found that top soils in these areas were over 1 meter

deep. Given the size of the site combined with the virgin nature of the soil, it is

recommended that a sheepsfoot roller be used for initial subsurface




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compaction of clays. Surface finishing/final compaction could be achieved

with a single or twin drum roller (Appendix K);

• line the leachate dam with an impermeable liner;

• construct the leachate dam from non-dispersive imported local clay

materials; and

• install piezometers down slope of the dam to monitor potential leachate

seepage over time.

Please see Appendix L for more information.

4.4. Noise emissions

Noise will be controlled on the composting site by:

• fitting mufflers on operating equipment;

• enclosing noisy equipment;

• providing noise screens (vegetation and bunding);

• restrict operating hours (7am to 6pm weekdays); and

• maintaining an appropriate buffer distance.

4.5. Solid and controlled waste management

Composting reduces, recycles and re-uses waste materials and there are minimal

wastes produced at the composting site.

Microbial Activity Pty Ltd will recycle all leachate by putting the leachate back into

the compost windrows. The process of composting will destroy any contaminates in

the leachate dam water. The thermophilic stage of composting (> 55oC) kills

pathogens, acids and alcohols. (Adapted from Draft Australian Standard for

comment, composts, other soil conditioners and mulches).

See Section 2.1.1 (e) about laboratory waste management and disposal.

Any non-recyclable municipal solid waste will be placed in a collection bin for

disposal at the Derwent Valley tip site.




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4.6. Dangerous goods and other chemicals

Section 2.1.1 lists the chemicals used during compost testing and describes the

bunding process which will divert run-off into the leachate dam.

Staff members will be trained individually for safety in the laboratory and during

compost windrow testing. Every staff member will need to sign a Medical Disclosure

Form and thoroughly read Laboratory and Compost Testing Safety Measures and

Policies.

Material Safety and Data Sheets (MSDS) will be kept in the laboratory at all times.

Appendix M, N, O, P and Q are the MSDS for all chemicals used in the laboratory.

Emergency written procedures will be in all storage areas. Emergency equipment will

be in the laboratory. MSDS’s will be kept up to date and compliant with Australian

Standards. A spill procedure will be in place in all areas where hazardous substances

and dangerous goods are stored. Spill procedures will be written and communicated

to all staff. There will be a first aid kit available and trained first aiders on site at all

times. Laboratory chemicals will be stored in appropriate containers on designated

cabinets and shelves. Containers will be clearly and correctly labelled so the contents

are easily identified.

Staff members will need to wear gloves and a face mask when testing and in close

vicinity of the compost windrows.

Fire extinguishers will be kept in the laboratory and machinery shed.

Diesel will be kept in a Fuel Storage Tank according to Table 1 Minor Storage of fuel

in AS 4509.1-1999 Stand-alone power systems - Safety requirement and any other

local requirements for the storage of fuel.




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4.7. Biodiversity and nature conservation issues

As mentioned previously the site will be cleared prior to construction of the

composting operation. See Appendice’s A and B for information on biodiversity and

nature conservation issues which have been addressed by Forest Practices Tasmania.

In summary, there are no endangered species on the proposed composting site.

Within Brightsides 578 Ha property, there have been sightings of:

• Wedge-tailed eagles.

• Quolls.

• Mt Mongana Stag Beetle.

• Australian grayling.

• Masked owl.

• Swift parrot.

• Eastern barred bandicoot.

According to the Forest Practices association there will be no issues with flora and

fauna as long as:

• No Wedge-tailed eagles are within 500 m of the proposed site.

• All Blue Gums are maintained for the Swift parrot.

• Masked owls are greater than 100m from the site.

As illustrated in Section 3.2A the closest Wedge-tailed eagle to the proposed site is

more than 1 km away. The other fauna are more than 1 km from the proposed site.

Therefore, there will be no issues with fauna at the com posting site. There are also

no Blue Gums on the 15 Ha proposed site.

4.8. Marine and coastal

N/A

4.9. Greenhouse gases and ozone depleting substances

Composting is a natural way to break down waste materials into stable organic

material.




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Oxygen + waste materials + microorganisms = organic matter + carbon dioxide + heat

Landfill operations are anaerobic and lead to toxic products, high percentages of

methane, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide. Aerobic composting in contrast

produces minute amounts of carbon dioxide. Furthermore, mature compost is a slow

release fertiliser and application of compost will reduce the percentage of inorganic

fertilisers used in agriculture. Inorganic fertilisers are energy intensive and their

production leads to large amounts of green house gases. Therefore, the net green

house gas emissions are significantly reduced when producing compost in

comparison with landfill and inorganic fertiliser production. Compost is also a rich

source of organic carbon and when applied to the soil environment sequesters

carbon and acts as a carbon sink.

Indeed, the Environmental Protection Agency (1996) concludes that compost does

not contribute to global greenhouse gas emissions. Instead composting is a part of

the natural carbon cycle.

4.10. Heritage This site is not declared:

• Aboriginal heritage.

• Historical heritage.

• Or any other heritage value.

4.11. Land use and development

This site will not have any mitigating effects against residential activities, tourism, or

industrial activities. The closest residential property is greater than 1200m away.

4.12. Visual effects

The proposed site is at Brightsides and located behind a cluster of Eucalyptus obliqua

gumtrees. The site will not be visible from Plenty Valley road. On arrival at the site,

the windrows will be neatly presented in a uniform layout and the building will be a




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native green to match the surrounding aesthetics. Native shrubs will be planted on

the bunding material.

4.13. Socio-economic issues

(a) An estimate of total capital investment for the proposal.

Approximately $250,000 start-up cost for Microbial Activity Pty Ltd which will

include site works, bunding, tractor, compost turner, front-end loader, road access

and building site.

(b) The effects of local and State labour markets for both the construction and

operational phases of the proposal.

A team of builders will be used to construct the machinery shed, offices and

laboratory. There will initially be 5-6 employees working for Microbial Activity:

Research manager, office manager, compost site manager, compost windrow

turner, laboratory manager and agronomist. Tony Scherer and Alice Palmer will train

employees on compost testing. The agronomist and research manager of Microbial

Activity will be training and introducing sustainable farm practices to Tasmanian

farmers and forestry groups.

(c) The effects of upstream and downstream industries, both locally and for the

state.

This proposal will solve the problem of landfill for Norske Skog Boyer, Hood wines,

Winemakers Tasmania and council green wastes. A greater number of drivers will be

employed by Barwicks Landscape Suppliers for transporting green waste and grape

marc to the compost site and transporting compost across Tasmania. Compost and

ACE production will also reduce the impact of synthetic fertilisers and fungicides in

Tasmania.

(d) The extent to which raw materials and services will be sourced locally.

All raw materials will be from southern Tasmania.




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(e) A qualitative assessment of community infrastructure effects.

N/A.

(f) Community demographic effects.

N/A

(g) Effects on land values and demand for land and housing.

N/A

(h) Effects of local, regional, state and national economies.

This composting site will be a major boost to the local economy. It is also envisaged

that Microbial Activity Pty Ltd will franchise this business across Australia and

internationally.

4.14. Health and safety issues Disease vectors such as rodents will be minimised by using appropriate odour

management techniques through staff training. See Section 4.1. Flies will not be an

issue in the composting process because high temperatures and regular turning will

not provide a habitat for flies to survive or reproduce. Additionally flies cannot breed

in finished compost.

There will be no risk of human pathogens being produced from the waste materials

associated with Microbial Activity's compost. According to the Environmental

Protection Agency (1996) waste materials that are:

• animal excreta;

• sewage sludge;

• offal;

• grease trap sludge;

• food residues; and




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• municipal solid waste are at risk of human pathogens.

However, Microbial Activity Pty Ltd will have a contingency plan in case of accidental

human contamination or animal excreta contamination. During compost testing,

making and turning, employees must wear appropriate clothes, gloves and face

masks. Compost will be tested regularly for Escherichia coli, Legionella sp. and

Salmonella sp. The aerobic windrow composting process nonetheless maintains

thermophilic conditions (>55oC) for more than 72h, which is essential to kill human

pathogens (Adapted from Draft Australian Standard for comment, composts, other

soil conditioners and mulches). The temperature profiles will be monitored daily. To

maintain these temperatures, Microbial Activity Pty Ltd will regularly turn the

windrows.

A strategy will be developed to minimise the attraction of unwanted vectors. This

strategy will take into account issues such as the rejection of materials with high

vector attraction capacity, the minimisation of odour generation and the prevention

of leachate pooling. Employees will regularly monitor the site for bird and animal

droppings. The majority of droppings will be collected by staff and staff will use a

face respirator, gloves and goggles. These droppings will be placed randomly in a

new compost windrow and monitored immediately after the thermophilic phase of

composting for human pathogens.

4.15. Hazard analysis and risk assessment

The probability of accidents associated with the development and implementation of

the project is low, given that the design, operating and control measures adopted by

Microbial Activity will have the specific aim of their prevention. Similarly, natural

events of sufficient magnitude to cause significant damage have a very low

probability of occurrence.

General safeguards that will be adopted by Microbial Activity include:

• Implementation of emergency response plans (including spill contingency)

and procedures for accidents and hazardous events.




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• Induction training and periodic refresher training for all employees on all

aspects of safety and site-specific by-laws concerning safety.

• Attention to government statutory compliance, notification and liaison

procedures.

Possible hazards and solutions include: Hazard Solution Anaerobic conditions in the leachate dam

Monitoring of leachate dam and compost windrows to prevent anaerobic conditions. Pump in dam to provide aeration. Back up pump in case of malfunction.

Dam overflow Pump in dam to put water back into windrows. Back up pump in case of malfunction. Dam large enough to prevent overflow. Dam regularly monitored to prevent anaerobic conditions and toxic products.

Too windy Apply water to windrows if necessary. Do not turn compost until wind dies down. Bunding to protect surrounding areas from dust. Moisture monitoring.

Compost turner breaks down A spare compost turner and front-end loader are available as back-ups.

Laboratory spill Employee induction and training. MSDS procedure followed.

Fire Appropriate induction and training of employees. Fire fighting equipment installed. Temperature of windrows kept below 70oC. Moisture maintained at > 25% in windrows at all times.

Sludge anaerobic when delivered Microbial Activity Pty Ltd will test sludge from all trucks for hydrogen sulphide and if contents are anaerobic they will not be accepted into the compost site.




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4.16. Fire risk

Microbial Activity Pty Ltd will organise a fire fighting system by providing:

• a fire extinguisher in the laboratory and workshop; and

• water from the tank behind the building site with vehicle access and

appropriate valve system for a fire engine connection.

Rapid degradation of organic matter during composting causes the temperature of

the compost to rise to approximately 60oC. Aerobic windrow composting allows this

temperature not to rise above 65oC. There is no risk of spontaneous combustion. The

compost temperature will be monitored daily and turned and watered when

necessary to maintain and reduce these temperatures.

4.17. Infrastructure and off-site ancillary facilities

The site will be located in a rural area approximately 15-30 km from raw materials

and the movement of 13 trucks a day will not disrupt the roads or rails off-site. See

Figures 3 and 4. Truck movements and loads will be in accordance with the Traffic

Impact Assessment (Appendix H) and in line with current usage.

4.18. Environmental management systems

Discussed throughout the application.

4.19. Cumulative and interactive effects

A well-managed, scientifically monitored composting facility is essential in Tasmania.

Currently there is an abundance of waste being deposited in landfill sites and a

solution is essential. Microbial Activity will provide a solution to this waste

management problem while producing a sustainable agricultural product for

Tasmanians. This project will solve the crisis of increasing synthetic fertiliser and

fungicide costs and the effect of these products on the environment. AusIndustry

trials have already shown that application of Microbial Activity compost doubles the

size of Houston’s lettuce in comparison with synthetic fertiliser treated lettuces,

saves irrigation costs and improves the turn-around time of lettuces. Furthermore,




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several jobs will become available during the construction and execution of this

composting business.

4.20. Traffic impacts

The increased traffic required to develop the proposed site will not adversely impact

the current traffic conditions. The operational hours for truck movements to and

from the proposed site are daylight hours during winter and between 7.30 am and 6

pm during summer. The trucks will only travel on week days. There will be:

• an average truck load of 15T;

• 3,333 trucks per annum;

• 260 work days per annum;

• 13 trucks on average daily (one way);

• 26 trucks on average daily (two ways);

• and 2 trucks per h.

Midson Pty Ltd in consultation with DIER and the Derwent Valley council will support

the proposed site if the following conditions are followed:

• A sealed surface is constructed at the access to the proposed site at least

12m back from Plenty Valley Road. This will ensure no dust or gravel transfer

to Plenty Valley Road.

• Vegetation is removed east and west of Plenty Valley Road to improve sight

distance. There is partial removal of the embankment to the east of the

proposed site on the opposite side of the proposed development access to

improve sight distance.

If these conditions are followed then the absolute minimum site distance

requirements will be met in both directions for the 85th percentile speed of 90km/h.

Please see Appendix H for more information and pictures of the proposed access

site.




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5. MONITORING AND REVIEW

Prior to this composting site proposal, Microbial Activity Pty Ltd tested and trialled

seven different compost recipes from the Norske Skog sludge, pine bark and ash,

grape marc and green waste. All seven recipes produced high quality compost

products for agricultural production as seen in Table 1.

When the composting site is up and running an essential task of employees will be to

keep records of each compost windrow temperatures, microbial activity and

moisture levels and the weekly tests in the laboratory. Routine and replicated testing

will ensure the composting process in on track biologically and chemically. These

records will be kept in a comprehensive data base in the primary office at the

building site. These records including a certificate of analysis will also be given to

compost customers on purchase.

The leachate dam will be monitored as mentioned in Section 4.2.

In January 2010, Microbial Activity Pty Ltd will review the Development Proposal and

Environmental Management Plan to ensure quality assurance.




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6. DECOMMISSIONING AND REHABILITATION

The testing, monitoring, bunding and precautions that Microbial Activity are

adopting will make certain that this development site is a low contamination risk.

Should unpredictable circumstances lead to relocation of the facility, Microbial

Activity Pty Ltd will be responsible for disposing of any contamination or waste and

for the restoration and revegetation of the site. This would involve removal of:

• Compost.

• Roadway.

• Building.

• Two water tanks.

• Other infrastructure.




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7. COMMITMENTS

The Director's of Microbial Activity Pty Ltd are responsible for the execution and

reliability of this Development Proposal and Environmental Management Plan.

Microbial Activity Pty Ltd aspires to develop a commercially viable method of

producing high quality, value adding organic compost with specific scientific

properties that will increase agricultural sustainability and productivity

The site administrator will be responsible for daily management of the compost site

including regular testing, turning and watering of the windrows. The site

administrator will also be responsible for the field technicians.

The laboratory supervisor will be responsible for laboratory technicians, ensuring

employees comply with occupational health and safety, making sure compost and

the leachate is tested regularly, results are replicated and upkeep of the Material

Safety and Data Sheets.

Staff training will be completed by Alice Palmer and Tony Scherer.

List of commitments:

1. Weekly testing will be conducted on-site to monitor the composting process

and ensure regulation with the AS 4454.

2. Raw ingredients will be tested bi-monthly for pesticide residues and/or

pollutants.

3. Sludge will be tested for hydrogen sulphide on delivery. If the sludge is

anaerobic; MA will not accept the product. Sludge will be spread thinly on

property surrounding the composting site.

4. Construct impermeable bunding around the exterior of the proposed site.




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5. Construct a leachate dam within the composting site lined with a membrane

liner of permeability for water of less than 10-14 ms-1.

6. Construct a compact base and fine gravel access road and a sealed surface at

least 12 metres back from Plenty Valley Road.

7. Provide two pumps to ensure adequate aeration in the leachate dam.

8. Two monitoring pits will be positioned underneath compost windrows and

leachates will be tested regularly.

9. Provide two windrow turners and a front end loader to guarantee regular

compost turning.

10. Maintain a minimum buffer distance of 50m between the compost windrows

and the contact fault

11. Install piezometers down slope of the dam to monitor potential leachate

seepage over time.

12. MA will dispose of laboratory chemical waste monthly.

13. Install a dual purposed septic tank system in a 10m2 area to accommodate

one 10m long x 1.2m wide x 0.6m deep trench connected to a minimum

3000L dual purposed septic tank.

14. Overflow from the two water tanks will be diverted via drains to the leachate

dam and used in the windrows.

15. Remove vegetation to the east and west of the proposed entrance site to

provide sight distance.

16. Provide sight benching on the opposite side of the entrance on Plenty Valley

Rd.




88

8. CONCLUSION

The primary objective of this project is to divert waste from landfill and produce high

quality compost for agricultural practitioners. The demand for high quality compost

including nutrient, human pathogens, heavy metals and biological analyses is

increasing. Microbial Activity intends to be able to deliver a viable alternative to

commercially available chemical agricultural fertilisers currently in use. In Tasmania,

there is a significant lack of quality compost. High quality compost is a valuable

resource that will offer benefits to agricultural growers, consumers and the

environment by increasing crop yield and quality, decreasing water usage and

improving soil quality.




89

9. REFERENCES

Australian Standard 4454. 2003. Composts, soil conditioners and mulches. Standards

Australia International Ltd. Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Budge, T., D. Lester and M. Bartsch. 2008. Land-use Strategy. Brighton, Central

Highlands, Derwent Valley and Southern Midlands. Report. Pitt and Sherry.

Department of Justice. 2007. Tasmanian Standard Attenuation and Air Emissions

Schedule. Volume 2.

Erickson, E. O., and W. F. Wilcox. 1997. Distributions of sensitivities to three sterol

demethylation inhibitor fungicides among populations of Uncinula necator sensitive

and resistant to triadimefon. Phytopathology. 89:784–791.

Hoitink, H. A. J., and M. J. Boehm. 1999. Biocontrol within the context of soil

microbial communities: A substrate-dependent phenomenon. Annual Review of

Phytopathology. 3:427–443.

Krogmann, V., and H. Woyczechowski. 2000. Selected characteristics of leachate,

condensate and runoff released during composting. Waste, Management and

Research. 18:235–248.

Nolan ITU Pty Ltd 2001, Independent Assessment of Kerbside Recycling in Australia,

Report to the National Packaging Covenant Council, Nolan ITU Pty Ltd, Vic.

Palmer, A. K. 2008. Standardised production of aerobic compost extract (ACE) for

disease suppression in sustainable horticulture. Ph. D. Thesis. University of

Tasmania.




90

Recycled Organics Unit. 2003. Life Cycle Inventory and Life Cycle Assessment for

Windrow Composting Systems. Report prepared for NSW Department of

Environment and Conservation. Recycled Organics Unit, The University of New South

Wales, Sydney.

Savocchia, S., B. E. Stummer, T. Wicks, R. van Heeswijck, and E. C. Scott. 2004.

Reduced sensitivity of Uncinula necator to sterol demethylation inhibiting fungicides

in southern Australian vineyards. Australasian Plant Pathology. 33:465–473.

Steden, C., B. Forster, and H. Steva. 1994. Sensitivity of Uncinula necator to

penconazole in European countries. Brighton Crop Protection Council – Monograph

No. 60: Fungicide Resistance.

Warken ISE. 2007. The potential greenhouse gas liability from landfill in Australia: an

examination of the climate change risks from landfill emissions to 2050. Resource

Recovery Collaboration. Sydney.




91

10. APPENDICES INDEX

Appendix A. Consideration of the threatened flora and fauna species – Brightsides

property.

Appendix B. Forest Practices Brightsides.

Appendix C. Letter of support from Norske Skog for sludge composting and trials.

Appendix D. Paper making process at Norske Skog, Boyer.

Appendix E. Letter of support from Frogmore Creek wines illustrating regular

pesticide testing of grape marc.

Appendix F. Proposed site office for Microbial Activity at 47 Plenty Valley Road,

Glenfern, Tasmania, 7140. Wilkin Design and Drafting Co.

Appendix G. Geo-environmental assessment. Plenty Valley Road. SFM Solutions.

Appendix H. Microbial Activity Pty Ltd - Plenty composting facility - Traffic impact

assessment. Midson Traffic Pty Ltd.

Appendix I. Certificate of title for Brightsides.

Appendix J. Agricultural lease between Microbial Activity and Jenkins.

Appendix K. Soil permeability calculations – Plenty compost site. SFM Solutions.

Appendix L. Soil and site assessment – proposed composting facility. SFM Solutions.

Appendix M. MSDS for Hydrochloric acid.




92

Appendix N. MSDS for Potassium chloride.

Appendix O. MSDS for Nitrate reagents.

Appendix P. MSDS for Nitrite reagents.

Appendix Q. MSDS for Ammonium test kit reagents.




Appendix A. Consideration of the threatened flora and fauna species – Brightsides property.




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Appendix B. Forest Practices Brightsides.




Appendix C. Letter of support from Norske Skog for sludge composting and trials.




Appendix D. Paper making process at Norske Skog, Boyer.




INTRODUCTION The following sections summarise the various component operations involved in the production of pulp and paper at Norske Skog’s Boyer Mill. Reference is made to the more significant chemicals; both added during the processes and inherent to the fibre sources, where it is possible residuals could subsequently be found in the effluent treatment plant sludge used for composting. All chemicals used at the Boyer mill are registered on a ChemAlert system and their Material Safety Data Sheets are available on request to Norske Skog Boyer. WOOD SUPPLY Both pine and eucalypt wood supplied from Tasmanian forests are utilised for pulp and paper production at Boyer. Eucalypt wood is sourced from Forestry Tasmania, Norske Skog freehold and various private forest holdings. While practices on the various private forests have not been verified they are thought to be the same as those employed by Forestry Tasmania and Norske Skog in that no pesticides or herbicides are used in growing native eucalypts. The pine wood supply comes from plantations in which limited pre-planting and post-planting (only when the trees are young) herbicide application occurs. The products used are ‘Brush Off’, ‘Oust’, ‘Round Up Power Max’ prior to planting and ‘Lontrel’ and ‘Velmax’ for post planting application. The post planting application ceases when the trees are 3 years old and the average age of the wood delivered to the mill is 22 years. RAW WATER TREATMENT Pulp and papermaking processes require large volumes of near potable standard water. This necessitates the removal of both suspended solids and dissolved colour causing organic material present in the raw water drawn from the Derwent River. The water treatment process involves alkalinity adjustment with sodium hydroxide prior to clarification with alum (aluminium sulphate), flocculation by use of a polyamine resin, filtration through sand and carbon filters, disinfection with chlorine and final pH adjustment with sodium hydroxide. ON-SITE PULP PRODUCTION There are two types of pulp produced on site at Boyer. These are Thermo Mechanical Pulp (TMP) and Cold Caustic Soda (CCS) Pulp. In the TMP process pine woodchips are converted into pulp (a slurry of wood fibre suspended in water) by first pre-steaming and then mechanical refining. The pulp is then bleached using various combinations of sodium hydroxide, sulphuric acid, sodium hydrosulphite, hydrogen peroxide, sodium silicate and Diethylene Triamine Pentaacetic Acid (DTPA). During TMP pulp production resin acids, fatty acids and glycerides are all released from the pine wood substrate.




The CCS process utilises sodium hydroxide to chemically soften the eucalypt woodchips prior to mechanical refining. Bleaching of the CCS pulp is achieved by employing combinations of magnesium oxide, sodium hydroxide, sulphuric acid, sodium silicate, hydrogen peroxide and DTPA. Lignins and tannins are liberated from the eucalypt chips during the CCS bleaching process. The softwood conversion project, due for completion in the last quarter of 2009, will expand Boyer’s TMP processing capacity to the extent that the use of eucalypt wood and hence the CCS process are to be discontinued. Since the cessation of the on-site chlorine bleaching of pulp AOX generation is considered to be minimal. There may be trace amounts of AOX generated from the chlorine disinfection undertaken at the water treatment plant or released from Kraft pulp or CTMP imported to the site. Neither the wastewater discharged to the Derwent River nor the sludge generated from the ETP is currently monitored for AOX. OFF-STE PULP SOURCES In addition to the TMP and CCS produced at Boyer the following pulps are currently sourced from external suppliers:

• Kraft Pulp – from New Zealand; • Recycled De-inked Fibre Pulp – from Norske Skog’s Albury Mill; • Chemical Thermo-Mechanical Pulp – minimal quantities only used.

STOCK ADDITIVES Prior to being pumped to the paper machines various substances are added to the pulp to either assist in forming the sheet or to impart various attributes to the finished paper. These are summarised as follows:

• Dyes – used to enhance the appearance of the paper. Three dyes are currently used; Orange Y Dye, Violet E Dye, and Red 3B. All these dyes contain an acetic acid solvent and various other organic compounds).

• Clay – assists with opacity and surface properties of the paper • Retention Aid – promotes dewatering of pulp on the paper machine

whilst retaining small fibre and clay particles in the paper sheet. The current retention aid used NALCO 7527 contains light petroleum distillates, alkyl polyethylene glycol and acrylamide powder.

• Guar gum – a naturally occurring substance that increases paper tensile strength.

BIOCIDE APPLICATION The moist, warm and food (cellulose) rich environment present in the pulp and recovered water tanks and pipes is conducive to the growth of bacteria and other micro-organisms. To control biological growth which would otherwise cause problems in the papermaking operation, biocides are added at various points around the pulp and paper plants. Numerous biocides are employed for this purpose, the common ingredients of which are alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, ethanol and diethylene glycol.




PAPER PRODUCTION OPERATIONS In essence the papermaking operation consists of progressively dewatering pulp until it forms a self-supporting web (i.e. paper sheet). This dewatering is achieved by first distributing the pulp onto a rapidly moving porous fabric, then pressing between rotating rolls and finally by heating from steam filled cylinders. Sulphuric acid is added to adjust the pH of the recovered water system on the paper machines. BOILER OPERATIONS As outlined above steam is utilised during both pulping and papermaking operations. This steam is supplied from a high pressure coal fired boiler. High purity water is required to produce steam in the boiler and thus a demineralisation unit is employed to further clean the water supplied from the mill’s water treatment plant. The demineralisation unit consists of cationic, anionic and mixed bed ion exchange beds which are regenerated using sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide. Backwash water from the regeneration process is directed to the primary clarifier and would contain in addition to the regeneration chemicals, organic matter (tannins etc) removed in the course of the water purification process. A chemical treatment program is needed to prevent scale formation and corrosion problems in the boiler tubes and steam distribution lines. This treatment consists of the application of chemicals containing sodium bisulfite, sodium hydroxide, sodium nitrite, hydroquinone and phosphates among others. Condensed steam from the mill and hence residuals of the above chemicals added to it enters the primary clarifier. EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT OPERATIONS The wastewater entering the effluent treatment plant contains:

• Suspended residual solid cellulose material and clay not retained in the paper sheet.

• Dissolved organic material • Dissolved extractives from both hardwood and softwood sources. • Small amounts of the chemicals used in the raw water treatment, boiler

water treatment and pulp and papermaking processes. • Minor amounts of hydrocarbons from equipment oil leaks • Leachate from the Boyer landfill site.

The first step in the effluent treatment process is the dosing of polyacrylamide (currently anionic/non-ionic) polymers to promote the flocculation and settlement of solid material suspended in the wastewater. This process occurs in the primary clarifier and the sludge produced is directed to dewatering presses. To assist in dewatering alum (aluminium sulphate) and a non-ionic polyacrylamide polymer are added to the sludge. The primary clarifier overflow is pH adjusted to around 7 using either sulphuric acid or sodium hydroxide and then urea and phosphoric acid added as




sources of nutrient nitrogen and phosphorus respectively, prior to entering the aerated bioreactor where bacteria break down the dissolved organic matter. To combat foam generation in the bio-reactor defoamer is added. From the bio-reactor the bio-solids are transported to the secondary clarifier where a solids/liquids separation process occurs. The sludge settled in the secondary clarifier is combined with the sludge from the primary clarifier prior to dewatering. To suppress odour generation hydrogen peroxide is dosed to the combined sludge prior to pressing. The overflow from the secondary clarifier is discharged to the Derwent River.




Appendix E. Letter of support from Frogmore Creek wines illustrating regular pesticide testing of grape marc.




Appendix F. Proposed site office for Microbial Activity at 47 Plenty Valley Road, Glenfern, Tasmania, 7140. Wilkin Design and Drafting Co.




www.wilkindesign.com.auPH:0363345800





PROPOSEDACCESS




9000

4305

90

4305

3015

90

1200

90

4305

9000

ENTRY


820

820





4500

45002700

4500

4500 2700

2700

5800O/A




Appendix G. Geo-environmental assessment. Plenty Valley Road. SFM Solutions.




Appendix H. Microbial Activity Pty Ltd – Plenty composting facility – Traffic Impact Assessment. Midson Traffic Pty Ltd.




Microbial Activity Pty Ltd

Plenty Composting OperationTraffic Impact Assessment

February 2009




2Microbial Activity TIA

Contents

1. Introduction 3

1.1 Background 3

1.2 Subject Site 3

1.3 Proposed Development 4

1.4 Consultation 4

2. Existing Conditions 6

2.1 Transport Network 6

2.2 Road Safety Performance 6

2.3 Access Conditions 7

3. Traffic Impacts 11

3.1 Traffic Generation 11

3.2 Traffic Distribution 11

3.3 Impact on Surrounding Transport Network 12

3.4 Junction Treatment 12

3.5 Road Safety Impacts 13

4. Conclusions 14

Table IndexTable 1 Crash Data Summary 7Table 2 Sight Distance – Available and Required 10

Figure IndexFigure 1 Subject Site (Source: Google Maps) 4Figure 2 Subject Site Access Location 8Figure 3 Available sight distance to west of subject site 8Figure 4 Available sight distance to east of subject site 9Figure 5 Sight Benching 9





1. Introduction

1.1 BackgroundMidson Traffic were engaged to prepare a Traffic Impact Assessment for a proposed compostingoperation based at Plenty in the Derwent Valley.

The purpose of this report is to examine the traffic impacts associated with the proposed developmentand to that end the report provides the following information:

A review of the existing road environment in the vicinity of the site and the traffic conditions onthat road network;

Provide information on the proposed development with regards to traffic movements;

Identification of the traffic generation potential of the proposal with respect to the surroundingroad network in terms of road network capacity;

Examination of the traffic implications of the proposal with respect to the external road networkin terms of traffic efficiency, residential amenity and road safety; and

Assessment of the adequacy and suitability of the off-street car parking provision incorporated inthe development proposal.

1.2 Subject SiteThe existing site is located at Plenty Valley Road, approximately 3.2 kilometres west of the intersectionwith Glenfern Road. The site is shown in Figure 1.





Figure 1 Subject Site (Source: Google Maps)

1.3 Proposed DevelopmentThe proposed development consists of a composting operation situated on 20.2 hectares of landaccessed from Plenty Valley Road. Woodchips and other organic material is proposed to be transportedto the site, and the resulting compost is then transported out.

The bulk of the material will be sourced from Boyer. Trucks will utilise Boyer Road, sections of the LyellHighway, Glenora Road, Glenfern Road, and Plenty Valley Road. It is anticipated that most of the truckswill then undertake the return trip with compost, as a storage area has been secured at a site located atNorske Skog (previously a veneer mill).

The estimated raw materials required per annum is 50,000 tonnes, producing an estimated 15,000tonnes of compost per annum.

1.4 ConsultationThe following organisations and individuals were consulted during the preparation of the Traffic ImpactAssessment:

Microbial Activity – Mr David Johnston. Information relating to project development, truckmovements.

DIER – Mr Scott Ingles. General traffic engineering, access information, site meeting and roadsafety advice.

DIER – Mrs Susan Cure. Provision of crash data.

SUBJECT SITE

PLENTY VALLEY ROAD

Proposed Access Location





Derwent Valley Council – Ms Merrilyn Williams. Traffic data and general engineering advice.Council were also consulted directly by Microbial Activity staff prior to the preparation of theTraffic Impact Assessment.

No specific traffic issues were raised by Council, except that sight distances should meet relevantAustroads guidelines.

DIER did not have any specific issues with the route, only that the provision of sufficient sight distancewas provided at the access location. Site investigations with DIER staff confirmed that vegetationremoval and some sight benching would be required.





2. Existing Conditions

2.1 Transport NetworkThe transport network under consideration in this TIA relates to the roads outlined in Section 1.3. Ofthese roads, Boyer Road and Lyell Highway are DIER owned roads, and the remainder are Councilowned roads.

Traffic data was obtained from DIER and Council. Traffic data was available for the following roads:

Boyer Road – 1,800 vehicles per day, 19% trucks (DIER, 2003)

Plenty Valley Road – 1,400 vehicles per day (Council, December 2006)

Adjacent to the subject site, Plenty Valley Road has a sealed pavement width of 6.0 metres, and narrowgravel shoulders/ open drain on each side. The pavement condition of Plenty Valley Road is in verygood condition.

Glenora road has a 20 tonne load limit associated with it.

The low traffic volume of Plenty Valley Road prevented the vehicle speed data collection of sufficientvehicles to determine the 85th percentile speed with any significance. From observations on-site(including several drive throughs and small sample of vehicle speeds), the estimated 85th percentilespeed is around 90 km/h near the subject site.

2.2 Road Safety PerformanceCrash data can provide valuable information on the road safety performance of a road network.Identified existing crash trends may be exacerbated if changes to the traffic or transport system occur.

Crash data was obtained from the Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources (DIER) for themost recently available five year period. Crash data was requested for the following roads:

Norske Skog access on Boyer Road;

Intersection of Glenora Road and Glenfern Road;

Glenfern Rd between Glenora Road and Plenty Valley Road;

Intersection of Glenfern Road and Plenty Valley Road; and

Plenty Valley Road between Glenfern Road and Lawrences Road.

A summary of the crash data is provided in Table 1.





Table 1 Crash Data Summary

Location TotalCrashes

Total InjuryCrashes

Crash Trend

Intersection of Boyer Road and Norske Skog entrance 1 1 -

Glenfern Road 2 1 -

Intersection of Glenora Rd and Glenfern Road 2 1 Fail to give way

Plenty Valley Road 9 2 7 crashes offcarriageway

The crash data indicates that Plenty Valley Road has a relatively high crash rate for a road with a lowtraffic volume. The majority of crashes involved vehicles losing control and leaving the carriageway.This may be attributed to the narrow carriageway, narrow shoulders and rural nature of the road, ratherthan any specific road safety deficiency along its length.

2.3 Access ConditionsThe proposed access to the subject site is an existing dirt track that will be upgraded to suit theincreased traffic utilising it. The access is shown in Figure 2.





Figure 2 Subject Site Access Location

Sight distance to the west and east of the proposed access is shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4respectively.

Figure 3 Available sight distance to west of subject site





Figure 4 Available sight distance to east of subject site

It can be seen that improved sight distance can be achieved by removal of vegetation in both directions,and some sight benching (removal of embankment) to the east, on the opposite side to the proposeddevelopment access. The approximate area of sight benching is shown in Figure 5. This area wasdiscussed with DIER officers on-site.

Figure 5 Sight Benching

Proposed AccessSight Benching





The Austroads Guide to Traffic Engineering Practice, Part 5 , 2005, recommendsthe following sight distance requirements for intersections.

Approach Sight Distance

The approach sight distance (ASD) is the minimum requirement to provide the driver of a vehicleadequate distance to observe the roadway layout in sufficient time to react and stop if necessarybefore entering the conflict area. This is measured from driver eye height (1.05 metres) to 0.0m(road surface).

Safe Intersection Sight Distance

The Safe Intersection Sight Distance (SISD) is the minimum standard that should be provided onthe major road at an intersection. It provides sufficient distance for a driver of a vehicle on themajor road to observe a vehicle from a minor road approach moving into a collision situation, andto decelerate to a stop before reaching the collision point.

The Austroads required sight distance for an 85th percentile speed of 90-km/h, posted speed limit of100-km/h compared to the available sight distance is provided in Table 2.

Table 2 Sight Distance – Available and Required

Available/ Austroads Requirement West of Access East of Access

Available sight distance 235 metres 209 metres

Available sight distance with vegetation clearing/ benching 265 metres 240 metres

Absolute Minimum SISD (90-km/h) 203 metres 203 metres

Desirable SISD (90-km/h) 215 metres 215 metres

Absolute Minimum ASD (90-km/h) 128 metres 128 metres

Desirable ASD (90-km/h) 140 metres 140 metres

Absolute Minimum SISD (100-km/h) 240 metres 240 metres

Desirable SISD (100-km/h) 253 metres 253 metres

It can be seen from Table 2 that absolute minimum sight distance requirements are met in bothdirections for an 85th percentile speed of 90-km/h. Vegetation and Sight benching is required to increasesight distance to meet the Austroads warrants for a design speed of 100-km/h.





3. Traffic Impacts

3.1 Traffic GenerationThe proposed development will generate a combination of truck movements as well as a small numberof staff movements.

The majority of truck movements are proposed to be during daylight hours in winter, and between7:30am and 6:00pm during summer. Truck movements are proposed on week days only.

The estimated traffic generation, based on an annual consumption of 50,000 tonnes of raw material is asfollows:

Average load per truck: 15 tonnes

Total truck movements per annum: 3,333 trucks

Number of working days per annum: 260 days

Average one-way truck movements per day: 13 trucks

Average two-way truck movements per day: 26 trucks

Based on the above assessment, it is likely that the peak traffic generation would be in the order of 35trucks per day and would only occur less than 15% of operational days (ie. 39 days per year). This isbased on the assumption that a peak truck generation may be 25% greater than the average daily truckgeneration.

The proposed development is not likely to have any defined peak hours during a typical daily operation.The estimated peak hourly traffic generation associated with the proposed development is therefore 2trucks per hour.

It should also be noted that whilst 50,000 tonnes are required per annum, this is estimated to produceapproximately 15,000 tonnes of end product (compost). There is therefore more than three times themass of material entering the subject site as there is exiting it. This will result in return trips to BoyerRoad being few in total number, and the average load of each return truck being much less.

Light vehicle traffic generation is likely to be in the order of 6 vehicles per day (3 inward and 3 outward),with a peak hour volume of 2 vehicles per hour.

3.2 Traffic DistributionThe light vehicle traffic distribution is difficult to predict, and will vary depending on the origin anddestination of staff members on site. It is likely however, that they will utilise the following roads:

Plenty Valley Road

Glenfern Road

Glenora Road





Traffic movements at the proposed access location will therefore predominantly be right-turn in/ left-turnout.

The majority of truck trips will take the following route (and return trip vice versa):

Boyer Road

Sections of the Lyell Highway

Glenora Road

Glenfern Road

Plenty Valley Road

It should be noted that some materials may be sourced from other sites such as the Brighton tip fororganic materials, however the majority of trips will be between Boyer Road and Plenty Valley Road.

3.3 Impact on Surrounding Transport Network

3.3.1 Access Impacts

The proposed development accesses meets the Austroads requirements for Safe Intersection SightDistance for a design speed of 90-km/h. The design speed is referred to under Austroads as being “notless than the 85th percentile speed.

The posted speed limit of Plenty Valley Road is 100-km/h, therefore the Austroads sight distancerequirements were also checked against this speed due to the uncertainty of the 85th percentile speed(due to low traffic volumes). The required SISD is not met in both directions from the proposed accesslocation. To the west of the site, the shortfall is approximately 5 metres, and to the east, the shortfall isapproximately 31 metres.

Through consultation with Council and DIER, the identified SISD shortfalls for 100-km/h can be achievedthrough vegetation removal and sight-benching as indicated in the triangles shown in Figure 1 andFigure 5.

3.4 Junction TreatmentThe Austroads publication, , 2005 was used to assess the access treatmentrequired for the site.

Due to the low existing volumes on Plenty Valley Road coupled with the low turning movements at theaccess, no further treatment is required (ie. no turning lanes or passing lane at the access location onPlenty Valley Road).

Further consideration was given to the likelihood of a right turning entering vehicle propped on PlentyValley Road, and the risk of a following vehicle impact in a rear-end collision. The risk of this was notconsidered significant due to the following factors:

The low probability that a right turning vehicle would be required to give way to oncomingtraffic, therefore reducing the actual time required to enter the site from a right turn manoeuvre.





The adequate sight distance available to a following vehicle to view and react accordingly tosuch a scenario (required ASD of 140 metres, and available ASD of 209 metres without removalof vegetation or sight benching).

It is further noted that the access driveway should be sufficiently wide enough to enable two trucks topass at the access location. The pavement should be sealed at least 12 metres into the access toprevent dirt and gravel being transferred onto Plenty Valley Road.

3.5 Road Safety ImpactsWhilst the proposed development increases truck movements in the surrounding road network, theincrease is not sufficient enough to have any significantly adverse impacts on road safety.

With the combination of vegetation removal and sight benching, there is adequate sight distanceavailable for vehicles exiting the access, as well as for vehicles approaching the access on Plenty ValleyRoad. This, coupled with the low traffic volumes on Plenty Valley Road, provides an adequate level ofroad safety.

Other major intersections were investigated along the major route between the subject site and theNorske Skog access on Boyer Road. Two intersections were investigated in more detail, these were:

Plenty Valley Road/ Glenfern Road. This intersection connects the two roads at an acute angle,in conjunction with a change in grade.

Norske Skog access on Boyer Road. This intersection has faded line marking, confusing layoutand high proportion of truck activity associated with it.

The following was noted for these intersections:

In both cases, there was not an existing high crash rate recorded in DIER’s crash database.

Traffic generated by the proposed development will utilise these intersections on a frequentbasis, and therefore drivers will develop a degree of familiarity with their use in a safe manner.

Trucks utilising the Plenty Valley Road/ Glenfern Road intersection have a higher driver eyeheight than drivers of cars. This increased driver eye height provides improved vision alongGlenfern Road from Plenty Valley Road.

DIER have indicated that the Norske Skog access on Boyer Road is scheduled for reconstructionin the near future to improve delineation and safety at this location.

It is therefore considered that the route does not have any significant adverse impacts associated with itin terms of the estimated traffic generation arising from the proposed development.





4. Conclusions

This traffic impact assessment has been conducted following a review of available traffic data, site plansprovided to Midson Traffic, standard codes and guidelines, and other supplementary traffic data andinformation. Based on the findings of the assessment, the proposed development is therefore supportedon traffic engineering grounds subject to the following conditions:

Construction of access with a sealed surface at least 12 metres back from Plenty Valley Roadinto the subject site to prevent dirt and gravel from being transferred onto the road.

Vegetation removal to the east and west of the subject site in roughly in accordance with thesight triangles provided in Figure 1.

Sight benching on the opposite side of Plenty Valley Road to the east of the subject site roughlyin accordance with the area shown in Figure 5, and to the approval of Council.

Subject to the recommendations above, the proposed development should be approved on trafficgrounds.





Midson Traffic Pty Ltd ABN: 26 133 583 025

27 Lower Jordan Hill RoadWest HobartTASMANIA 7000T: 0437 366 040 E: [email protected]

© Midson Traffic Pty Ltd 2009

This document is and shall remain the property of Midson Traffic Pty Ltd. The document may only beused for the purposes for which it was commissioned and in accordance with the Terms of Engagementfor the commission. Unauthorised use of this document in any form whatsoever is prohibited.

Document Status

Revision Author Review Date

0 Keith Midson Zara Kacic-Midson 06/02/09


mailto:[email protected]



Appendix I. Certificate of title for Brightsides.




Appendix J. Agricultural lease between Microbial Activity and Jenkins.




TIMOTHY AND SUSAN JENKINS

(ABN )

And

MICROBIAL ACTIVITY PTY LTD

(ABN 731 2573 9255)

_______________________________________________________________________

AGRICULTURAL LEASE _______________________________________________________________________




2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................................................... 3

2. INTERPRETATION .......................................................................................................................... 4

3. NOTIFICATION AND SERVICE ................................................................................................... 4

4. GRANT OF LEASE AND TERM ..................................................................................................... 5

5. RENT ................................................................................................................................................... 5

6. PAYMENTS FOR SERVICES .......................................................................................................... 6

7. TRANSFER, SUBLETTING AND PARTING WITH POSSESSION ......................................... 6

8. REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE – LESSEE’S OBLIGATIONS .................................................. 7

9. ACCESS AND MAINTENANCE – LESSOR’S RIGHTS ............................................................. 7

10. INSURANCE ...................................................................................................................................... 7

11. USE OF THE DEMISED PREMISES .............................................................................................. 8

12. USE OF THE DEMISED PREMISES – LESSEE’S OBLIGATIONS ........................................... 8

13. CANCELLATION FOR BREACH ................................................................................................. 10

14. INTEREST ........................................................................................................................................ 12

15. QUIET ENJOYMENT ...................................................................................................................... 12

16. LESSEE’S OBLIGATION TO REIMBURSE LESSOR FOR GST.............................................. 12

17. GRANT OF EASEMENT ................................................................................................................ 13

18. CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS ........................................................................................................ 14




3

THIS INDENTURE OF LEASE made the day of

20 .

BETWEEN:

MICROBIAL ACTIVITY PTY LTD (ACN 125 739 255) (“the Lessor”) the registered office of

which is situate at 699 Richmond Rd Cambridge Tasmania 7170 of the one part;

AND:

TIMOTHY AND SUSAN JENKINS (‘the Lessee”) the registered of which is situate at

Brightsides Plenty Tasmania 7140 of the other part.

WITNESSES as follows:-

1. DEFINITIONS

1.1 These definitions apply unless they are inconsistent with the context:

‘Demised Premises’ means the land described in item 1 of the reference schedule

and includes any buildings and improvements thereon.

‘Notify’ means to serve a written notice.

‘Rent’ means the annual rent as set out in item 3 of the reference schedule as

increased from time to time pursuant to the provisions of this Lease.

‘Statute’ includes a regulation, ordinance, by-law and any other delegated

legislation.

‘Lease’ means, depending on the context:

(a) this document; or

(b) the leasehold estate created on the execution and/or or registration of this

document; or

(c) any other legal or equitable interest arising from either or both of:




4

(i) entry into possession of the leased premises; or

(ii) the payment or acceptance of money for the right to occupy and

use the leased premises.

2. INTERPRETATION

2.1 These rules apply in the interpretation of this document:

(a) clause headings have been included, but the Lease is not to be construed

or interpreted by reference to them;

(b) references to corporations include natural persons and vice versa;

(c) references in the singular number include the plural number and vice

versa;

(d) references to any gender include any other gender;

(e) if the Lessor, the Lessee or the guarantor is more than one person, they are

liable together and separately under the Lease; and

(f) no statutory provisions are implied in this Lease except those that cannot

be contracted out of.

3. NOTIFICATION AND SERVICE

3.1 Where the Lease provides that one party is to notify the other, a notice may be

served by any of the following methods:

(a) by personal delivery to the person to be served; or

(b) by prepaid post to the person to be served:

(i) addressed to the Demised Premises, if to the Lessee; or

(ii) addressed to the person’s last-known place of business; or

(iii) addressed to the registered office or principal place of business or

to the care of the managing director, the general manager, the

principal administrative officer or at least two directors, if to a

corporation; or

(iv) addressed to the person’s last-known place of residence, if to a

natural person;

(c) by being left with any employee of the person to be served who is

apparently over the age of 16;




5

(d) by being left with any member of the family of the person to be served

who is apparently over the age of 16; or

(e) by any other authorised method.

3.2 Anything sent by post will be taken to have been received in the ordinary course

of post, whether or not the person to be served receives it.

3.3 Where more than one person has the same interest in the Lease, notification to or

by one of them is sufficient notification to or by all of them.

4. GRANT OF LEASE AND TERM

4.1 The Lessor grants to the Lessee the rights to possess and use the Demised

Premises for the term stated in item 2 of the reference schedule and under the

terms of this Lease.

4.2 The term begins on the date stated in item 2 of the reference schedule and ends

ten (10) years thereafter..

4.3 The Lease binds the Lessor’s and the Lessee’s personal representatives and

assigns or, if either or both of them are corporations, their successors and assigns,

as if they were parties to it.

5. RENT

5.1 For the right to possess and use the Demised Premises the Lessee must pay the

Lessor the Rent annually in advance.

5.2 The Rent shall be reviewed on or as from each anniversary of the day this Lease

commenced (each a “Rent Review Date”) and shall be increased by an amount

equal to the annual rental payable during the year preceding the Rent Review

Date multiplied by a fraction of which the numerator shall be the average of the

Consumer Price Index for Hobart (all Groups) issued by the Australian Bureau of

Statistics for the quarter immediately preceding the Rent Review Date and the

denominator shall be the Consumer Price Index for Hobart (all Groups) issued by

the Australian Bureau of Statistics for the quarter immediately preceding the

previous Rent Review Date or the day this Lease commenced, whichever be the

later.

In the event that any index shall be issued in substitution for the Consumer Price

Index (All Groups) for Hobart or in the event that changes of substance are made

to the items contained in that index the parties shall agree on a substituted index




6

and failing agreement the parties shall apply to the Officer in Charge of the

Hobart Office of the Australian Bureau of Statistics to determine an index to be

used in substitution therefore and the costs of such application shall be borne

equally by the parties.

In the preceding paragraphs of this clause 5.2 references to the Consumer Price

Index (all Groups) for Hobart mean the same index but with a different name at

any time or from time to time, and

References to the Australian Bureau of Statistics includes references to –

(A) the Bureau but with a different name at any time or from time to time,

and

(B) a person or Authority at any time or from time to time having similar

functions in place of the Bureau.

PROVIDED HOWEVER that notwithstanding the foregoing the rental payable

shall not be reduced below that payable prior to the relevant Rent Review Date.

6. PAYMENTS FOR SERVICES

6.1 The Lessee must pay punctually for all water, gas, electricity, telephone, heat and

other utilities that are provided to the Demised Premises.

7. TRANSFER, SUBLETTING AND PARTING WITH POSSESSION

7.1 The Lessee may not sublet, transfer the Lease or part with possession of all or part

of the Demised Premises before obtaining the Lessor’s written consent, which will

not be unreasonably withheld.

7.2 If the Lessee is a corporation, it will be treated as transferring the Lease for the

purposes of subcl (1), if the person or persons who beneficially own or control a

majority of its voting shares at the start of this Lease cease to do so, except as a

result of transmission on the death of a shareholder. This subcl (2) does not apply

if the Lessee is a corporation, the voting shares of which are listed on a Stock

Exchange in Australia.

7.3 The Lessee must pay the Lessor’s reasonable legal and other costs incurred in

considering and giving consent, including any costs that the Lessor incurs in:

(a) making inquiries about the character and financial status of any proposed

sub-Lessee or assignee or the person to whom possession is to be

transferred;




7

(b) preparing stamping and registering the documents necessary for the

transfer or sub-letting; and

(c) obtaining any necessary consents to the transfer or sub-letting.

7.4 The Lessee must not mortgage or charge the Lease or any estate or interest in the

Demised Premises except with the written consent of the Lessor which shall not

be unreasonably withheld when the proposed transaction is in the ordinary course

of business..

8. REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE – LESSEE’S OBLIGATIONS

8.1 During the Lease, the Lessee is to keep any buildings and improvements on the

Demised Premises whether erected by the Lessee or not in good order and

condition.

9. ACCESS AND MAINTENANCE – LESSOR’S RIGHTS

9.1 As all reasonable times, the Lessor, its agents or its financiers may enter the

Demised Premises to:

(a) look at their condition, following which the Lessor may notify the Lessee

of any defects and require it to remedy them as required by this Lease

within a reasonable time;

(b) comply with any statute affecting the Demised Premises;

(c) remedy any defects of which the Lessor has notified the Lessee under

subclause (1) (a) and the Lessee has not remedied within the required time.

In carrying out the works referred to in this subclause the Lessor is not to

unnecessarily interfere with the Lessee’s use of the Demised Premises.

9.2 If the Lessor carries out any works on the Demised Premises that should have

been carried out by the Lessee, the Lessee must pay the Lessor on demand the

costs that the Lessor incurs in doing so.

10. INSURANCE

10.1 The Lessee must, at its own expense, take out and keep up to date:

(a) insurance policies (as described in subcl (3)) over the Demised Premises in

the names of the Lessor and the Lessee; and

(b) workers’ compensation cover for all the Lessee’s employees.




8

10.2 The insurance policies must be taken out with an insurance company approved by

the Lessor.

10.3 The Lessee must take out:

(a) a public risk policy that gives a minimum cover for each accident, claim or

event of the amount stated in item 5 of the reference schedule, or if the

Lessor notifies the Lessee, any reasonable higher amount. The cover

provided under this policy must not be contributory with any policy the

Lessor takes out; and

(b) a policy insuring any buildings and improvements on the Demised

Premises for their full insurable value, against loss or damage because of

fire and other risks including water, storm and rainwater damage.

10.4 The Lessee must give copies of the insurance policies of the types described in

clause (3) to the Lessor within seven (7) days of receiving a request from the

Lessor.

11. USE OF THE DEMISED PREMISES

11.1 The Lessee may use the Demised Premises only for the purpose specified in item

6 of the reference schedule.

11.2 The Lessor does not represent:

(a) that the Demised Premises are suitable for the permitted use;

(b) that the Demised Premises may lawfully be used for the permitted use;

and

(c) that the zoning of the Demised Premises will allow the Demised Premises

to be used for the permitted use. It is the Lessee’s responsibility to make

its own inquiries about zoning, and it acknowledges that, before signing

this Lease, it has done so to its own satisfaction.

12. USE OF THE DEMISED PREMISES – LESSEE’S OBLIGATIONS

12.1 The Lessee must:

(a) comply with and observe all notices orders and directions given to either

the Lessee or the Lessor by any statutory or public authority (including,

without limiting the generality of the foregoing, any Government, Semi-

Governmental, Municipal, Health, Licensing or other Authority having




9

jurisdiction or authority in respect of the Demised Premises or the user

thereof) relating to the Demised Premises and to carry out the

requirements thereof at the Lessee’s own expense;

(b) at its own cost, carry out any alterations, additions and repairs to the

Demised Premises or the buildings and improvements erected thereon or

which are imposed under any relevant statute if arising from the Lessee’s

actions under the Lease; and

(c) take out and keep current licences and permits required to carry on the

activities conducted in the Demised Premises.

12.2 The Lessee must :

(a) indemnify and to hold harmless the Lessor from and against all damages

sums of money costs charges expenses actions claims and demands which

may be sustained or suffered or recovered or made against the Lessor by

any person for any injury such person must sustain when using or

entering or near the Demised Premises;

(b) not allow any nuisance, disturbance or annoyance to emanate from the

Demised Premises;

(c) not allow any noxious, offensive or dangerous chemicals or pollution to

escape from the Demised Premises;

(d) not allow any rubbish to accumulate on the Demised Premises.


(a) take all reasonable steps to keep the Demised Premises free of noxious

weeds or other pests, and comply with all statutes relating to them;

(b) (i) at its own expense comply with all statutory requirements about

fumigation, disinfection, eradication and prevention of infectious

diseases; and

(ii) comply with all statutory requirements relating to the nominated

activites and their products.


(a) not cause or contribute to any contamination pollution or environmental

harm with respect to the Demised Premises surrounding areas or




10

waterways and shall not breach or contribute to any breach of any

environmental law;

(b) not permit any petroleum product, oil, grease, industrial waste or any

noxious dangerous or poisonous chemical or substance to be discharged

through the pipes of the water or sewerage services at the Demised

Premises or into any nearby river or body of water it being acknowledged

that the obligation of the Lessee is to discharge any such chemicals or

substances only as permitted by any relevant statutory authorities or as

required by law and in accordance with any condition imposed by any

relevant authorities;

(c) comply with the demands, notices and requirements of the regulatory

authorities in respect of contamination of the Demised Premises caused by

the Lessee including notices to remedy the condition of the Demised

Premises or any part thereof;

(d) notify the Lessor within fourteen (14) days after receiving any demand or

notice from any regulatory authority in respect of contamination of the

Demised Premises or any part thereof, and

(e) to the extent that the Lessee or the Lessee’s Employees are responsible for

any contamination of the Demised Premises the Lessee shall indemnify

and at all times keep indemnified the Lessor against any and all losses,

damages, costs, proceedings, actions, claims, compensation and cleanup

orders, liabilities, expenses or penalties howsoever arising which may be

brought against or incurred by the Lessor as a result of the Lessee or the

Lessee’s Employees having breached any of the conditions as set out in

this clause 12. The Lessee specifically acknowledges that the provisions of

this clause shall endure for the full extent permitted by law and shall not

terminate at the end of the Lessee’s occupancy of the Demised Premises.

13. CANCELLATION FOR BREACH

13.1 The following Lessee’s covenants are essential terms of this Lease:

(a) the covenant to pay rent during the Lease term (clause 5); and

(b) the covenant not to deal with the Lease, or part with possession of the

Demised Premises without consent (clause 7); and

(c) the covenant about use of the Demised Premises (clause 11); and




11

(d) the covenants requiring the Lessee to insure (clause 10).

13.2 The Lessor’s acceptance of late payment of any rent does not waive the

essentiality of the Lessee’s obligation to pay rent.

13.3 The Lessor may cancel the Lease if:

(a) all or part of the rent or other money due to the Lessor under the Lease

remains unpaid for two (2) calendar months after it is due, whether

formally demanded or not;

(b) the Lessee breaches the Lease, or any rule or regulation made under the

Lease;

(c) the Lessee is a corporation and an order is made or a resolution is passed

for its winding up, unless it is for reconstruction or amalgamation;

(d) the Lessee is a company that:

(i) stops or threatens to stop carrying on the business; or

(ii) goes into liquidation, whether voluntary or not; or

(iii) is wound up; or

(iv) is placed under the control of a liquidator or receiver (in both cases

whether provisional or otherwise); or

(v) is placed under official management under the Corporations Act

2001; or

(vi) enters into a composition or scheme of arrangement;

(e) the interest of the Lessee under the Lease is taken in execution; or

(f) the Lessee or any person claiming through the Lessee conducts any

business from the Demised Premises after the Lessee has committed an act

of bankruptcy.

13.4 For the purposes of clause 13 (3) the Lessor may cancel the Lease by:

(a) notifying the Lessee of the cancellation; or

(b) re-entering the Demised Premises, with force if necessary, ejecting the

Lessee and all other persons from the Demised Premises and repossessing

them; or

(c) doing both.




12

13.5 If the Lessor cancels the Lease under clause 13 (3), the Lessee remains liable for

any previous breach of the Lease and other remedies available to the Lessor for

recovery of unpaid rent or for breach of the Lease are not affected.

13.6 If the Lessor cancels the Lease under clause 13 (3), it may, in addition to any other

rights and remedies which it might have, recover damages from the Lessee for the

loss of the benefit of so much of the Lease as would have continued but for the

cancellation.

14. INTEREST

14.1 The Lessee must pay interest to the Lessor:

(a) on any money due under the Lease; or

(b) on any judgment for the Lessor in an action arising from the Lease,

until all outstanding money and interest is paid in full.

14.2 Interest will accrue and be calculated daily at 2% above the rate set by the Lessor’s

bank as its benchmark rate for overdrafts of $100,000 and a statement from the

Manager of the Lessor’s bank shall be conclusive evidence of the applicable rate.

15. QUIET ENJOYMENT

If the Lessee pays the rent and does not breach the Lease it may use the Demised

Premises during the Lease without any interference from the Lessor, its agents or

transferees, subject to the Lease terms and the Lessor's rights under it.

16. LESSEE’S OBLIGATION TO REIMBURSE LESSOR FOR GST

16.1 In this clause ‘GST’ refers to goods and services tax under A New Tax System

(Goods and Services) Act 1999 (GST Act) and the terms used have the meanings

given in that Act

16.2 All rent and other amounts the Lessee agrees to pay to the Lessor as the

consideration for the supply expressed in this Lease are exclusive of GST.

16.3 The Lessee agrees to pay to the Lessor, at the same time as the Lessor becomes

liable to pay GST, the additional amount of GST together with any payment to

which it relates. This obligation relates to the Lessor’s liability under this Lease

and any renewal or extension of this Lease and includes rent, rates, outgoings or

consideration for any other taxable supply.




13

16.4 The Lessee:

(a) must reimburse the Lessor the full amount of GST, despite any entitlement

the Lessor may have to input tax credits or other credits or

reimbursements for GST; but

(b) if the Lessor is entitled to an input tax credit for any amount recoverable

from the Lessee under subcl (3), need only pay the Lessor an amount as

reduced by the amount of the input tax credit the Lessor has received, or

claims and is entitled to receive.

16.5 The Lessor agrees to deliver to the Lessee, as required under the GST legislation,

tax invoices to allow the Lessee to claim input tax credits for the taxable supply.

17. GRANT OF EASEMENT

17.1 The Lessor hereby grants to the Lessee the right to bring power to the Demised

Premises via the property known as “Brightsides” and the right to have vehicular

access to the Demised Premises over the said property and in connection with this

hereby grants to the Lessee an easement over the land marked “right of way” and

“power line easement” ten (10) metres wide as shown on the Plan. The Lessor

hereby agrees to execute any instrument reasonably requested by the Lessee in

connection with the granting and registration of the said easement in the Land

Titles Office at Hobart. All costs involved with respect to the grant shall be borne

by the Lessee. The Lessee specifically acknowledges that all costs in connection

with the maintenance of the right of way and the power line are to be borne by the

Lessee.

17.2 The Lessor hereby grants to the Lessee the right to bring water to the Demised

Premises via the property known as “Brightsides” and the right to have vehicular

access to the Demised Premises over the said property and in connection with this

hereby grants to the Lessee an easement over the land marked “right of way” and

“water line easement” ten (10) metres wide as shown on the Plan. The Lessor

hereby agrees to execute any instrument reasonably requested by the Lessee in

connection with the granting and registration of the said easement in the Land

Titles Office at Hobart. All costs involved with respect to the grant shall be borne

by the Lessee. The Lessee specifically acknowledges that all costs in connection

with the maintenance of the right of way and the water line are to be borne by the

Lessee.




14

NOTE: We need a plan – see Item 1 Reference Schedule

18. CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS

18.1 This Lease is a lease with respect to land only. In line with the permitted use of

the Demised Premises the Lessee is entitled to make any capital improvements at

the Lessee’s expense and for the purpose of carrying on compost production and

related acitivities and associated operations. All capital improvements on the

Property remain the property of the Lessee and on termination o f this Lease

unless otherwise agreed by the Lessor the Lessee is to restore the Demised

Premises as nearly as reasonably possible to their original condition (and at the

Lessee’s cost).

19. GUARANTEE AND INDEMNITY

19.1 In consideration of the Lessor entering into this Agreement with the Lessee the

Guarantors severally and jointly agrees as follows:

(a) The Guarantors hereby guarantees to the Lessor the due and punctual

performance of all the obligations undertakings and provision contained i

or implied by this Agreement (other than those imposed on the Lessee and

hereby indemnifies the Lessor against all loss damage and costs and

expenses suffered or incurred by the Lessor as a result of the breach by the

Lessee of any of the covenants and conditions contained in or implied by

this Agreement.

(b) This Guarantee and Indemnity shall be continuing and irrevocable and the

obligations of the Guarantors shall be absolute and unconditional in all

circumstances.

(c) This Guarantee and Indemnity shall not be abrogated prejudiced affected

or considered as wholly or partially discharged by any one of:




15

(i) Any time credit indulgence or concession extended by the Lessor to

the Lessee or any person;

(ii) Any compounding compromise release abandonment waiver

variation relinquishment or renewal of any rights of the Lessor

against the Lesee or any other person

(iii) The neglect or omission of the Lessor to enforce any such rights

(iv) The winding up of the Lessee

(v) The lack of power of any Guarantors to enter into this Agreement

(vi) Any other obligation arising between the Lessor and the Lessee

being or becoming unenforceable in whole or in part for any reason

(vii) Any other matter or thing whatsoever

(d) This Guarantee and Indemnity shall be a principal obligation and shall not

be treated as ancillary or collateral to any other obligation to the intent that

this Guarantee and Indemnity shall be enforceable notwithstanding that

any obligation arising between the Lessor and the Lessee shall be in whole

or part unenforceable for any reason

(e) This Guarantee and Indemnity is in addition to and not in substitution for

any other rights which the Lessor may have and may be enforced against

the Guarantors by the Lessor without first having recourse to any such

rights and without taking any steps or proceedings against any other

person.




16

REFERENCE SCHEDULE

1. Demised Premises: Part of the land described in Certificate of Title Volume 126321 Folio

2 being timbered area adjacent to the Plenty Valley Road on the northern end of the

Property known as “Brightsides” and as appears on the plan (“the Plan”) annexed hereto

and marked Annexure “A” and Annexure “B”.

2. Term of the Lease: Ten (10) years commencing on the 1st of March 2009.

3. Annual rent: $1,000.00per hectare per annum (plus GST if applicable) for the first part

Annexure”B” for the minimum area of 4 hectares. On granting of development approval

for Annexure “A” the rent is $20,000.00 for the area marked on the plan. This annual rent

includes provision for the lessor to maintain the entrance way off Plenty Valley Road

and internal road to the site. A further $5,000 is payable on commencement of the lease

for the lessor to construct the entrance way as per the Derwent Valley Council

specifications.

4. Due date for payment of rent: On the day this Lease commences and thereafter on the

last day of each month for Annexure “B” and for Annexure “A” on the day development

approval is granted and thereafter 6 monthly.

5. Amount of public risk cover: $20,000,000.00

6. Use of Demised Premises: Compost production and related acitivities and associated

operations




17

IN WITNESS whereof the parties have hereunto set their hands and seals the day and year

first hereinbefore written.

SIGNED SEALED AND DELIVERED for and on behalf of MICROBIAL ACTIVITY PTY LTD (ACN 125 739 255 ) in accordance with section 127 of the Corporations Act 2001 by: ......................................................................................... Director Signature ......................................................................................... Director Full Name ......................................................................................... Director/Secretary Signature ......................................................................................... Director/Secretary Full Name

) ) ) )

SIGNED SEALED AND DELIVERED for and on behalf of TIMOTH AND SUSAN JENKINS PTY LTD (ACN ) in accordance with section 127 of the Corporations Act 2001 by: ......................................................................................... Director Signature ......................................................................................... Director Full Name ......................................................................................... Director/Secretary Signature ......................................................................................... Director/Secretary Full Name

) ) ) )




Appendix K. Soil permeability calculations – Plenty compost site. SFM Solutions.




Appendix L. Soil and site assessment – proposed composting facility. SFM Solutions.




Appendix M. MSDS for Hydrochloric acid.




Material Safety Data Sheet Page of 4 Issue date: January 2006

Hazardous according to criteria of Worksafe Australia

Hydrochloric Acid 32% 1. CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION Amber Scientific Pty Ltd Unit 2 ; 9 Elmsfield Road MIDVALE WA 6056 Australia Phone: 61 8 9250 7782 Fax: 61 8 9250 7784 Product Name: Hydrochloric Acid 32% Synonyms: Manufacturer's Product Code(s): HCL32-1L, HCL32-5L Use: For use in hospital and pathology laboratories UN Number: 1789 Proper Shipping Name: HYDROCHLORIC ACID Dangerous Goods Class: 8 Subsidiary risk: None allocated Packing Group: II Hazchem Code: 2R 2. COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS SUBSTANCE NAME Proportion CAS Number HYDROCHLORIC ACID ... % 32% 7647-01-0 3. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION Hazardous according to the criteria of Worksafe Australia Hazard Category: Corrosive

ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS Swallowed: Will cause burns to the mouth, mucous membranes, throat, oesophagus and stomach. If sufficient quantities are ingested (swallowed) death may occur.

Eye: Will cause burns to the eyes with effects including: Pain, tearing, conjunctivitis and if duration of exposure is long enough, blindness will occur.

Skin: Will cause burns to the skin, with effects including; Redness, blistering, localised pain and dermatitis.

Inhaled: Will cause severe irritation to the nose, throat and respiratory system with effects including: Dizziness, headache, incoordination, chest pains, coughing, respiratory paralysis and or failure.

Chronic: Prolonged or repeated skin contact will lead to necrosis (death) of the skin. 4. FIRST AID MEASURES Swallowed: If swallowed, DO NOT induce vomiting. Seek urgent medical assistance.

Eye: If material is splashed into eyes, flush with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, ensuring eye lids are held open. Immediately transport to hospital or doctor.

Skin: If material is splashed onto the skin, remove any contaminated clothing and wash skin thoroughly with water and soap if available.

Inhaled: Remove victim to fresh air. Apply resuscitation if victim is not breathing - DO NOT USE DIRECT MOUTH - TO - MOUTH METHOD if victim ingested or inhaled substance; use alternative respiratory method or respiratory device -

First Aid Facilities:






Hydrochloric Acid 32% Eye wash fountain, safety shower and normal wash room facilities.

Advice to Doctor: Treat symptomatically. 5. FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES Fire/Explosion Hazard CAUTION: Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. EXTINGUISHING MEDIA: Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, foam or water fog. SPECIAL FIRE FIGHTING PROCEDURES: Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) required for fire-fighting personnel. If possible to do so safely, shut off fuel to fire. Use water spray to spray to cool fire-exposed surfaces and to protect personnel. UNUSUAL FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS: If tanks, drums or containers of this material are heated, they may rupture and project corrosive liquids over a wide area.

Flammability Not flammable or combustible. If involved in a fire may generate noxious and corrosive fumes. 6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES EMERGENCY ACTION: Keep unnecessary people away; Isolate hazard area and deny entry. Stay upwind; Keep out of low areas. Isolate for 800 m in all directions if tank, rail car or tanker truck is involved in fire. SPILL OR LEAK PROCEDURE: Shut off ignition sources, no flares, smoking or flames in hazard area. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Water spray may reduce vapour; but it may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. SMALL SPILLS: Take up with sand, dirt or vermiculite. DO NOT use sawdust. Use non-sparking tools. Place into labelled drum(s) for later disposal.

LARGE SPILLS: Notify Emergency Services (Police or Fire Brigade). Tell them location, nature and any information that would be helpful. Contain spill. Remove all ignition sources and safely stop flow of spill. Bund area. Trained personnel should wear Personal Protective equipment as highlighted in this MSDS. Blanket the spill with foam or use water fog to disperse vapour clouds. Consult an expert regarding disposal of this product. 7. HANDLING AND STORAGE Many of these substances are reactive with water and may cause noxious and toxic fumes to be generated. Store in a cool place and out of direct sunlight. Store away from sources of heat or ignition, strong alkalis, acids, combustibles and oxidizing agents. All equipment must be earthed. Store in original packages as approved by manufacturer. Check all fittings, valves, reticulation (piping) and any ancillary equipment for leaks. A supplied air respirator or a Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) for emergencies should be available and checked regularly. For further information please refer to the Engineering Controls of this MSDS. 8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION Exposure Standards *************************** HYDROCHLORIC ACID ... % No Exposure details available

Engineering Controls Corrosive liquid. Single significant exposure may cause severe injury. Maintain adequate ventilation at all times. Prevent accumulation of gas(es) in hollows or sumps. Eliminate any sources of ignition. Exposure to this material may be controlled in a number of ways. The measures appropriate for a particular worksite depend on how the material is used and on the potential for exposure. Engineering methods to prevent or control exposure are preferred. Methods include process or personnel enclosure, mechanical ventilation (dilution and local exhaust), and control of process conditions. If engineering controls and work practices are not effective in preventing or controlling exposure, then suitable personal protective equipment, which is known to perform satisfactorily, should be used.

Personal Protection Equipment CLOTHING: PVC, Nitrile, Neoprene, Natural rubber or any other type of apron or splash suit as recommended by the






Hydrochloric Acid 32% manufacturer. GLOVES: PVC, Nitrile, Neoprene, Natural rubber or any other type of glove as recommended by the manufacturer. EYES: Chemical goggles or faceshield to protect eyes. RESPIRATORY PROTECTION: Avoid breathing of gases. Select and use respirators in accordance with AS/NZS 1715/1716. When the concentration of airborne contaminants reach the exposure standards then the use of a half-face respirator with acid vapour cartridge is recommended. For high concentration use an atmosphere-supplied, positive pressure demand self-contained or airline breathing apparatus supplied air respirator complying with the requirements of AS/NZS 1715 is recommended. Filter capacity and respirator type depends on exposure levels. If entering spaces where the airborne concentration of a contaminant is unknown then the use of a Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with positive pressure air supply complying with AS/NZS 1715 / 1716, or any other acceptable International Standard is recommended. The use of fully encapsulating, gas-tight suits are also recommended. 9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Appearance: Clear liquid Boiling Point Melting Point: MP:-40oC / BP:85oC Vapour Pressure: Not available Specific Gravity: Not available Flash Point: Not applicable Flammability Limits: Not applicable Solubility in Water: Soluble Other Properties Emits fumes 10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY STABILITY: Stable under normal conditions of use.

HAZARDOUS DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS: Emits choking and corrosive fumes when heated to decomposition.

HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION: Will not occur.

INCOMPATIBILITIES: Strong alkalis and oxidizing agents.

CONDITIONS TO AVOID: Heat, flames, ignition sources and incompatibles. 11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION RISK PHRASES R34 Causes burns.

SAFETY PHRASES S1/2 Keep locked up and out of reach of children. S26 In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and contact a doctor or Poisons Information Centre. S45 In case of accident or if you feel unwell, contact a doctor or Poisons Information Centre immediately and show this container or label. 12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION This substance may cause long term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. 13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS Whatever cannot be saved for recovery or recycling should be handled as hazardous waste and sent to an approved waste facility. Processing, use or contamination of this product may change the waste management options. State and local disposal regulations may differ from federal disposal regulations. Dispose of container and unused contents in accordance with federal, state and local requirements.






Hydrochloric Acid 32% 14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION UN Number: 1789 Proper Shipping Name: HYDROCHLORIC ACID Dangerous Goods Class: 8 Subsidiary risk: None allocated Packing Group: II Hazchem Code: 2R

Classified as a CLASS 8 (CORROSIVE) Dangerous Good according to the Australian Code for the Transport of Dangerous Goods by Road and Rail, 6th Edition.

Dangerous goods of Class 8 (Corrosive) are incompatible in a placard load with any of the following: - Class 1 - Class 4.3 - Class 5 - Class 6, if the Class 6 dangerous goods are cyanides and the Class 8 dangerous goods are acids - Class 7 and are incompatible with food and food packaging in any quantity. Emergency information (Transport): Dangerous Goods - Initial Emergency Response Guide (SAA/SNZ HB76:1997) For TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE Guide No: 37 15. REGULATORY INFORMATION Poison Schedule: S6 16. OTHER INFORMATION Contact Point Technical Manager: 08 9250 7782 email: [email protected] Disclaimer The information herein is to the best of our knowledge, correct and complete. It describes the safety requirements for this product and should not be construed as guaranteeing specific properties. Since methods and conditions are beyond our control we do not accept liability for any damages resulting from the use of, or reliance on, this information in inappropriate contexts.


mailto:[email protected]



Appendix N. MSDS for Potassium chloride.




Potassium Chloride, Molecular Biology Grade

Identification of the substance/preparation and of the company/undertaking

SAFETY DATA SHEET

Product name

Conforms to 93/112/EC and ISO 11014-1

1.

Emergency telephonenumber

:

Chemical formula KCl

Manufactured by EMD Biosciences, Inc.10394 Pacific Center CourtSan Diego, CA 92121(858)450-5558/(800)854-3417FAX: (858)453-3552

Supplier

:

:

:

Call Chemtrec®(800)424-9300 (within U.S.A.)(703)527-3887 (outside U.S.A.)

Order Number Customer Number

Catalog # : 529552

Synonym Not available.:

Composition / information on ingredients2.Substance/Preparation Substance:

CAS No.Chemical name* EC Number Symbol R-Phrases

Potassium Chloride, Molecular Biology Grade 7447-40-7 Not available. Xi R36

Hazards identification3.Physical/chemical hazards

Human health hazards CAUTION!

Not applicable.:

:MAY CAUSE EYE IRRITATION.

Do NOT induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconsciousperson. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. Get medical attention if symptoms appear.

Skin Contact

Check for and remove any contact lenses. In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15minutes. Cold water may be used. Get medical attention.

In case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of water. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Cold water maybe used.Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly clean shoes before reuse. Get medical attention.

4.

Hazardous in case of eye contact (irritant).Eye Contact

Aggravating conditions Repeated or prolonged exposure is not known to aggravate medical condition.

First-Aid measures

If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medicalattention.

Ingestion

Effects and symptoms

Inhalation

Eye Contact

:

:

:

:

:

:

First-aid measures

Fire-fighting measures5.

Suitable

Fire fighters should wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and full turnout gear.Special fire-fighting procedures

Not applicable.

Extinguishing Media

:

:

Flammability of the Product Non-flammable.:

Page: 1/4Catalog # 529552




Personal precautions Splash goggles. Full suit. Boots. Gloves. Suggested protective clothing might not be sufficient; consult a specialistBEFORE handling this product.

6. Accidental release measures:

:Small Spill and Leak Use appropriate tools to put the spilled solid in a convenient waste disposal container. Finish cleaning by spreading wateron the contaminated surface and dispose of according to local and regional authority requirements.

Use a shovel to put the material into a convenient waste disposal container. Finish cleaning by spreading water on thecontaminated surface and allow to evacuate through the sanitary system.

Large Spill and Leak :

Handling

Handling and storage

Storage

7.Do not ingest. Do not breathe dust. Avoid contact with eyes. Wear suitable protective clothing. If ingested, seek medicaladvice immediately and show the container or the label. Keep away from incompatibles such as oxidizing agents, acids.

Packaging materials

Use original container.

Keep container tightly closed. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated area. Do not store above 20°C (68°F).

:

:

:

Recommended use

Ingredient Name Occupational Exposure Limits

Engineering measures Use process enclosures, local exhaust ventilation, or other engineering controls to keep airborne levels belowrecommended exposure limits. If user operations generate dust, fume or mist, use ventilation to keep exposure to airbornecontaminants below the exposure limit.

Potassium Chloride, Molecular Biology Grade Not available.

8. Exposure controls/personal protection

Wash hands after handling compounds and before eating, smoking, using lavatory, and at the end of day.Hygiene measures

Skin and body

Personal protective equipment

Lab coat.

Splash goggles.Eyes

:

:

:

:

Protective Clothing (Pictograms) :

Physical and chemical propertiesPhysical state

Solubility

Solid. (Solid crystalline powder.)

Easily soluble in cold water.

Off-white.Color

Flash point Not applicable.

Risks of explosion of the product in presence of mechanical impact: Not available.Risks of explosion of the product in presence of static discharge: Not available.

9.

Explosive properties

:

:

:

:

:

Molecular Weight 74.6 g/mole:

Conditions to avoid Not available.

Stability and reactivityThe product is stable.Stability

10.

Reactive with oxidizing agents, acids.

:

:

Materials to avoid :

Acute oral toxicity (LD50): 2600 mg/kg [Rat].

Toxicological information

Acute toxicity

Skin irritation Not available.

Repeated or prolonged exposure is not known to aggravate medical condition.

11.

Local effects

Chronic toxicity:

:

:

RTECS # : TS8050000

Other Toxic Effects on HumansNot considered to be toxic for humans.Not available.

Not available.

Not available.

:





Carcinogenic effects

Mutagenic effects

Reproduction toxicity

Not available.

Not available.

Not available.

Not available.

:

:

:

Teratogenic effects :

Ecological informationEcotoxicity Not available.

12.:

Toxicity of the Products ofBiodegradation

The product itself and its products of degradation are not toxic.:

Disposal considerations13.Methods of disposal; Waste of residues;Contaminated packaging

Waste must be disposed of in accordance with federal, state and local environmental control regulations.:

ADR/RID Class

14.International transport regulations

Land - Road/Railway

Not controlled under ADR (Europe).

IMDG Class

Sea

Not controlled under IMDG.

Air

IATA-DGR Class Not controlled under IATA.

:

:

:

Transport information

Special Provisions forTransport

Not applicable.

Regulatory information15.

Safety Phrases S26- In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.S36- Wear suitable protective clothing.

R36- Irritating to eyes.

Hazard symbol(s)

Risk Phrases

EU Regulations

:

:

:

Classification : Irritant

Clean Water Act (CWA) 307: No products were found.

U.S. Federal Regulations

CLASS: Irritating substance.HCS Classification

TSCA: No products were found.

Clean Water Act (CWA) 311: No products were found.Clean air act (CAA) 112 accidental release prevention: No products were found.Clean air act (CAA) 112 regulated flammable substances: No products were found.Clean air act (CAA) 112 regulated toxic substances: No products were found.

No products were found.

WHMIS (Canada) Not controlled under WHMIS (Canada).

SARA 302/304/311/312 extremely hazardous substances: No products were found.SARA 302/304 emergency planning and notification: No products were found.SARA 302/304/311/312 hazardous chemicals: No products were found.SARA 311/312 MSDS distribution - chemical inventory - hazard identification: No products were found.SARA 313 toxic chemical notification and release reporting: No products were found.

:

:

:

State Regulations :

Other information16.

Notice to Reader

Hazardous MaterialInformation System(U.S.A.)

200 j

00

2

National FireProtection Association(U.S.A.) Health

Specific Hazard

Reactivity

Fire HazardHealth

Fire Hazard

Reactivity

Personal ProtectionPersonal Protection j





Date of issue 7/14/2003. Page: 4/4

To the best of our knowledge, the information contained herein is accurate. However, neither the above named supplier nor any of its subsidiaries assumes anyliability whatsoever for the accuracy or completeness of the information contained herein.Final determination of suitability of any material is the sole responsibility of the user. All materials may present unknown hazards and should be used withcaution. Although certain hazards are described herein, we cannot guarantee that these are the only hazards that exist. **This product is intended for researchuse only.**

Catalog # 529552




Appendix O. MSDS for Nitrate reagents.




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