DEVELOPMENT OF THE PHOENIX CHARGE BREEDER & LNL - …

LPSC Phoenix charge breeder

2020 North American Charge Breeding workshop, East Lansing, October 1st-2nd 2020, USA

DEVELOPMENT OF THE PHOENIX CHARGE BREEDER& LNL - GANIL - LPSC COLLABORATION ON THE CONTAMINANTS REDUCTION

NACB Workshop, East Lansing, October 1st-2nd 20201

Julien ANGOT1, Alessio GALATA2, Laurent MAUNOURY3, Thomas THUILLIER1, Maud BAYLAC1, Myriam MIGLIORE1, and Patrick SOLE1

1Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France

2INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell’Università 2, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy

3GANIL, bd Henri Becquerel, BP 55027, F-14076 Caen cedex 05, France



Outline

• Introduction

• Charge breeder R&D program

• Last results

• Future plans

• Conclusion

2


2020 North American Charge Breeding workshop, East Lansing, October 1st-2nd 2020, USA 3

LPSC - Grenoble –French AlpsCNRS – IN2P3

LPSC : About 200 peopleCyclotron accelerator stopped in 1998Groups still remain : Electronics, Detectors, Accelerators + Ion sources



Accelerators + ion sources group

➢ Head is Maud Baylac

➢ About 16 people

➢ 4 working for the ion sources development, mainly ECR ion sources

4

XSCOMIC

Gradient2.45 GHz1+ ions

e-

SSUPERCOMIC

Min B5.8 GHz1+ ions

Low CS ions

LPHOENIX V3

Min B18 GHz

HCS ions

GENESIS(LPSC neutron

platform)

XLSEISM

Cusp Min B60 GHz

High intensity

Developped for SPIRAL 2 (GANIL)

Developped for R&D on ECR ion sources

6 cm 30 cm

•1+ source• Industry

100 cm

60 cm



Accelerators + ion sources group

➢ Head is Maud Baylac

➢ About 16 people

➢ 4 working for the ion sources development, mainly ECR ion sources

5

XSCOMIC

Gradient2.45 GHz1+ ions

e-

SSUPERCOMIC

Min B5.8 GHz1+ ions

Low CS ions

LPHOENIX V3

Min B18 GHz

HCS ions

GENESIS(LPSC neutron

platform)

XLSEISM

Cusp Min B60 GHz

High intensity

Developped for SPIRAL 2 (GANIL)

Developped for R&D on ECR ion sources

6 cm 30 cm

•1+ source• Industry

100 cm

Charge breeder



CB : principle and features

6

Hexapole : Br 0.8T at plasma chamber wallAxial field

14.5 GHz 600W

Injection optics

Total efficiency (low charge states excluded): 50 – 60%Efficiency / one charge state: 5 - 20%CB time : 5 – 20 ms/qOptimum charge state : A/q~3 up to A=50

A/q~5 up to A=150… contamination yield

Extraction optics

0.8 T

1.6 T

0.4 T+

+

+

PHOENIX Charge breeder

Operation at 20 kV



CB : principle and caracteristics

7

➢ Signal to noise ratio is a key parameter for ECRIS CB at low RIB intensity

14 GHz ECR

Itotal~1 mA(~1015 − 1016 pps)

Buffer gas~1016 𝑝𝑝𝑠

Wall sputtering~109 − 1010 𝑝𝑝𝑠

Plasma intercepts the wall

1+ signal 𝒖𝒑 𝒕𝒐 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟑 𝒑𝒑𝒔

N+ signal

contaminants

Gases contaminants~109 − 1013 𝑝𝑝𝑠Leaks, O-rings permeation,Buffer gas contaminantsWall outgassing

A/q

m/Δm =300

m/Δm =6000

Resolving power of downstream separator :



1+N+ Test bench

8

Charge breeder

Ion gun

Comic



LNL LPSC GANIL Collaboration

➢ LNL GANIL and LPSC use PHOENIX charge breeders with close configuration

➢ Contaminants reduction is a key point for SPES and SPIRAL1 regarding :

▪ Production yields (102 to 1010)

▪ Resolving power of downstream separators

▪ For the facility tuning (blind tuning)

➢ LNL LPSC and GANIL decided to collaborate on the contaminants reduction

▪ Starting point in 2018 : research collaboration agreement signed between LNL and LPSC

➢ Work on the reduction of all the contaminants sources

Taking advantage of the pionneering work done at ANL

▪ Vacuum

▪ Plasma chamber wall sputtering

▪ Gas contaminants



LPSC Charge breeder development plan

10

✓ 1+N+ beamline upgrade

✓ Validation experiments

✓ Contaminants preliminaryexperiments

Charge Breeder5 coil config

1+n+ Performances

check

Contaminants reduction

experiments : liners

09/2018 10/2020 10/2022

Charge BreederEnlarged plasma chamber config

1+n+ Performances

check


experiments

✓ Charge Breeder6 coil config

✓ 1+n+ Performances

check

✓ Configuration developped until now

• Improve axial field profile• Decrease coils cross talk• Improve beam injection

and extraction

• Improve high charge state production

• Reduce the contaminants proportion




11





1+n+ Performances

check



09/2018 10/2020 10/2022


1+n+ Performances

check


experiments



check



and extraction






12





1+n+ Performances

check



09/2018 10/2020 10/2022


1+n+ Performances

check


experiments



check



and extraction





LPSC CB last developments➢ Modification of the injection optics

➢ Increase of injection axial B field

➢ Fine tuning of the soft iron rings position

➢ Extraction optics

400 200 0 200 400

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

Z mm

Bz T

X 0 mm , Y 0 mm

ICIS 2017 proceedings :“Recent improvements of the LPSC chargebreeder”, AIP Conference Proceedings 2011, 070005 (2018)

Bz (T)

z (mm)



LPSC CB last developments




15





1+n+ Performances

check



09/2018 10/2020 10/2022


1+n+ Performances

check


experiments



check



and extraction





1+N+ Beam line upgrade

➢ Goal : improve the vacuum and the devices alignment

➢ Starting situation : the 1+N+ beam line was assembled in 2002.

▪ Pollution with pumping oil vapors

▪ Aged pumping system (50 years turbo pumps)

▪ Most of sealing by O-rings

▪ Alignment was very difficult

➢ The whole beam line was dismounted

16



1+N+ Beam line upgrade

➢ All the vacuum chambers were modified or replaced to be UHV compatible

➢ Injection and extraction lenses replaced

➢ Diagnostics were replaced to be UHV

➢ 1+ and N+ spectrometers modified to grant alignment

➢ Cleaning

➢ Assembly

➢ Alignment

➢ Set under vacuum :

~5 10-7 mbar ➔ ~ 4 10-8 mbar dividing by 2 the number of turbo pumps

17



Validation experiments after upgrade

➢ Check of the performances with K charge breeding

18

➢ Comparable distribution using He as support gas

lower capture and distribution slightly shifted on lower CS now

➔ incomplete conditioning ?

➢ High efficiency (17.9% K9+) obtained with H2

Bz 1.57/0.44/0.83T Br 0.8T

400W Pinj 4.4 10-7 mbar

O+ 4.8 µA N+ 1.65µA C+ 1.52 µA

Bz 1.57/0.45/0.85T Br 0.8T

500W Pinj 9.3 10-8 mbar

O+ 5.1 µA N+ 2.9µA C+ 1.15 µA

Bz 1.58/0.45/0.84T Br 0.8T

600W Pinj 1.4 10-7 mbar

N+ 0.3µA C+ 0.7 µA



Contaminants preliminary experiments➢ Technique to measure the contaminants spectrum

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Faraday cup

Allison type emittance scanner

Selection with 0.2 mm slits

➢ Provides higher resolution spectrum

… cutting the beams

➢ Relative measurements comparison

FC



Contaminants preliminary experiments

20

➢ This technique was used to make comparative measurements :

▪ With several support gas (effect of the support gas mass) : H2 He N2 O2

▪ At several CB microwave power 100, 300, 450, 600W

➢ The CB was tuned (Axial B field and support gas dosing) to maximizethe 1+N+ K10+ efficiency, at 600W, with each support gas

➢ Record of the spectrums in the FC and in the emittance scanner at eachmicrowave power

With H2 in the emittance scanner

➢ Able to measure peaks down to 100 pA

➢ Dips in the spectrum

➢ A/q list of all the contaminant peaks



➢ Gas contaminants (CANgas® MESSER)

▪ H2 99.999% (H2O<5ppm, O2<1ppm, N2<5ppm, Hydrocarbon <0.1ppm,

CO +CO2<0.1ppm)

▪ He 99.999% (H2O<20ppm, O2< 1 ppm, N2 < 4 ppm, Hydrocarbon < 0.2 ppm)

▪ N2 99.999% (H2O<3ppm, O2<2ppm, Hydrocarbon <0.1ppm)

▪ O2 99.999% (H2O<2ppm, N2<20ppm, Hydrocarbon <0.2ppm, CO+CO2<0.4ppm)

Contaminants preliminary experiments➢ Present configuration of the plasma chamber

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➢ list of all the contaminants including isotopes

➢ Comparison with the spectrum peaks list

Plasma chamber : 304L SS (Fe, Cr, Ni, Mn, Si, N, P…)

Injection plug:Fe with Ni and Agplating

Waveguide : Brass (Cu, Zn, Pb, Sn ...)

Extraction electrode : 2017A (Al, Cu, Mg…)




22

contaminants A/q peak value List of most probable isotopes

➢ Metallic ions coming from the material sputtering (Mo, Sn, Fe, Cu, Mg, Ag)

➢ Gaseous elements (support gas contamination, vacuum, previous experiments)

➢ Some peaks corresponding to only one isotope

➢ The same was done with He, N2 and O2

➢ Support Gas : H2




➢ Amplitude evolution of peaks

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40Ar7+ 96Mo15+

➢ H2 gives higher contamination (it is the best support gas for low mass species charge breeding…)

➢ This is true for most of other peaks

➢ Dependency with RF power : clear increase for 96Mo15+ and 12C5+, slight decrease for Ar7+ due to a shift to higher charge state ?

Very low signal / noise

12c5+



Contaminants preliminary experiments➢ Amplitude

▪ The lower measurable amplitude is ~ 100pA with the emittance scanner, corresponding to ~2 1010 pps in the N+ FC.

▪ As a comparison a 108 pps RIB flux at the CB entrance would give:

108 x 10% (CB efficiency) ~ 107 pps

▪ This technique doesn’t allow to measure low intensity contaminant beams

▪ Need of a different detector

▪ A lot of contaminants are identified, with very high flux

➢ A/q minimum step limitation :

▪ Resolution limitation of the data acquisition output, to be improved

➢ Dips present in the spectrum

▪ Due to secondary electrons emission

▪ Shielding of the emittance scanner will be tested

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25





1+n+ Performances

check



09/2018 10/2020 10/2022


1+n+ Performances

check


experiments



check



and extraction





5 coil configuration

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• Improve axial field profile• Decrease coils cross talk• Improve beam injection and extraction

200 100 100 200z mm

0.5

1.0

1.5

Bz T

Bz (T)

z (mm)

1.7 T+

Maximum field at injection

Reproduce 6 coil config (check performances)

z (mm)

Bz (T)



Contaminants reduction : liners

➢ Comparative experiments using several material :

▪ Niobium

▪ Tantalum

▪ Al2O3 layer on pure Aluminum liner – collaboration with NIPNE

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➢ Design to cover all the surfaces in front of the plasma



Contaminants reduction : gas

➢ Follow ANL steps to get rid of gas contamination

➢ Use He or H2 as support gas

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Bakedgas

valve

4K Cryo PumpHe

H2

Condensed gascontaminantsfrom the gas bottle@ 4K

baked gascircuit injection

He,H2

He or H2 buffer plasma



Conclusion

➢ Upgrade of the 1+N+ beam line is finished, reduction of the residual pressure by a decade

➢ Preliminary contaminants reduction experiments showed limitations in the measurement technique, to be improved

➢ The R&D program on the charge breeder will go on to continue improving the performances…

➢ …with a great part dedicated to contaminants reduction

➢ Open for collaborations on ECR CB developments

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➔ Following Tasha talk

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• 1+N+ beam line interface



➔ Following Tasha talk

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• 1+N+ beam line interface



THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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➢ Resolution estimate in the emittance scanner with Xe plasma

132Xe19+131Xe19+

Resolution ~ 1:150 in the emittance scanner

DEVELOPMENT OF THE PHOENIX CHARGE BREEDER & LNL - …

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