Development of Stripe Rust Resistant Spring Bread Wheat Germplasm for CWANA:Achievements and...

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Development of Stripe Rust Development of Stripe Rust Resistant Spring Bread Wheat Resistant Spring Bread Wheat Germplasm for CWANA: Germplasm for CWANA: Achievements and Challenges Achievements and Challenges The International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) P.O. Box 5466 Aleppo Syria Presented by: Osman S. Abdalla

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Osman S. Abdalla, ICARDA

Transcript of Development of Stripe Rust Resistant Spring Bread Wheat Germplasm for CWANA:Achievements and...

Page 1: Development of Stripe Rust Resistant Spring Bread Wheat Germplasm for CWANA:Achievements and Challenges

Development of Stripe Rust Resistant Spring Development of Stripe Rust Resistant Spring Bread Wheat Germplasm for CWANA:Bread Wheat Germplasm for CWANA:

Achievements and ChallengesAchievements and Challenges

Development of Stripe Rust Resistant Spring Development of Stripe Rust Resistant Spring Bread Wheat Germplasm for CWANA:Bread Wheat Germplasm for CWANA:

Achievements and ChallengesAchievements and Challenges

The International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)

P.O. Box 5466 Aleppo Syria

The International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)

P.O. Box 5466 Aleppo Syria

Presented by: Osman S. Abdalla

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Target Environments

• Spring Bread Wheat improvement targets all wheat growing areas in CWANA with focus on: Semiarid Mediterranean rainfed environments:

(11 million hectares):a) Temperate Continental with relatively low winter temperaturesb) Temperate Sub-Continental with relatively cool winter temperatures

Favorable & irrigated environments including low latitudes of CWANA: (13 million hectares) ):a) Temperate Continental with relatively low winter temperaturesb) Temperate Sub-Continental with relatively cool winter temperaturesc) CWANA Low Latitudes with relatively warm winter temperatures

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Prevalence of Rusts Diseases in CWANA

Lr

Yr, Lr

Yr, Lr, Sr,

Yr

Yr Yr

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Breeding Methodology

Targeted Crossing Program that emphasizes broadening the genetic base of resistance:

Utilization of Parental Cultivars of Known Wide Spectrum Rust Resistance;

Parental lines selected at YR & SR endemic areas including E. Africa (Uganda, Kenya & Ethiopia); Andean Region (Ecuador), + Mexico, Central America and West Asia (Turkey & Iran)For LR, Parental lines selected at NVRSR (Egypt –Sids +Nuberia), North Africa (Morocco – S.Alala-Tazi + Tesaout), West Asia (Lebanon and Iran) and Mexico.

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Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

Multilocation testing, in collaboration with NARS, to expose the germplasm to the prevailing biotic and abiotic stresses in the region:

Key Location Disease Nursery (KLDN) (Aids the enhancement of genetic diversity)

Plant health system established using host plant resistance, biological control mechanism and

Ma’Rib, Yemen

Beeding Methodology

Debre Zeit –Eth (SR)

Damhar-Yemen (YR/SR)

Njoro - Kenya

Mararo –Eth (YR)

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ICARDA Breeding Methodology: Shuttle Breeding

Shuttle breeding with major stress/disease hot-spots to incorporate the desired tolerance /resistance in derived populations e.g. East Africa Ug99 resistance Shuttle.

Main Shuttle Breeding Sites:

Terbol - Lebanon

Debre Zeit / Kulumsa - Ethiopia

Njoro - Kenya

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ICARDA: East Africa SBW Shuttle Breeding

Site Nov

Dec Jan

Feb Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Tel Hadya-Syria (Main Season)

H

Terbol-Lebanon(Off-season)

H

Debre Zeit - Ethiopia (Off-season)

Kulumsa-Ethiopia (Main Season)

H

Njoro - Kenya (Main Season)

H

P

P = Planting H = Harvesting

HP

P

P

P

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Linkage of Slow Rusting GenesSTEM RUST:

• Sr2 Complex : Transferred from “Yaroslav

Emmer” to (cv Hope)

• Sr2 linked to morphological marker: Pseudo-black chaff

• Sr2 also linked [pleiotropic] with:

Leaf Rust: Lr 27 Yellow Rust: Yr 30

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Linkage of Slow Rusting Genes

Leaf Rust: Lr34 Transferred to CIMMYT wheats from

“Frontana” and “TZPP”

• Lr34 Linked to Morphological Marker: Leaf Tip Necrosis

• Lr34 also linked [pleiotropic] with:

Yellow Rust: Yr18 (cv Anza)

Barley yellow dwarf: Bdv1

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Use of Spreader Rows

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Use of Spreader Rows

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SusceptibleSusceptibleResistant

Selection for Yellow Rust Resistance

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Selection for Yellow Rust Resistance in Segregating Populations

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Stem Rust (Ug99) and Yellow Rust Reaction of some ICARDA Elite Rust Resistant lines – T. Hadya, Syria 2009/2010

Source BIG

INC-10  

SR Njoro-Kenya Nov-

2009

SR DZ - Eth Summer 2009

Seedling Reaction

T-Hadya-2010

PLT No.

NAME2nd Date 2nd Date

Sr (Ug99) IRAN Nov 2009

YR -SYR -2010

816 KBG-01 (CHECK) TR (pbc **) 5R 3+ 10 MR908 HASHAB-2 5RMR tR 3 10 MR913 SANOBAR-3 TR tR 3 20 M919 REYNA-8 5R 5RMR 4 5 MR856 USHER-18 10RMR 10R 3+ 15 MR

1001 NABUQ-6 10MRMS 10RMS 3 5 MR871 MOUNA-1 5R tR 3+ 15 MR963 SELMA-1 5SMS 10RMR 3 10 MR964 FOURTEEN-1 10RMR 5MR 3 5 MR874 FAISAL-1 TR 5R 4 10 MR887 BATTELL-3 50MRMS 10RMS 3+ 10 MR889 SANDALL-5 5R tR 3 5 MR890 DAIRA-12 5R 5R 3 5 MR891 NOUHA-1 5R 5RMR 3 10 MR901 NADIA-20 TRMR tR 3+ 20 M829 DIGELU (CHECK) 5R (pbc **) 5MR ;2 20 S825 PAVON 76 (CHECK) 5R,5MR 10RMR 3+ 70 S

pbc ** = Pseudo-Black Chaff

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Yield of Ug99 Resistant Cultivars Relative to National Check under Rainfed (289 mm) Environment at Tel-Hadya, Aleppo - Syria:

CWANA 2nd Stem Rust Resistance Favorable/Irrigated SBWYT 2009/2010)

Entry NAME/PEDIGREE Yield (kg/ha) Yield % N. CheckYR -SYR -

2010123 SOONOT-10 3570 125 10 MR113 SANOBAR-1 3536 124 10 MR102 ICARDA-SRRL-5 3501 123 10 MR121 CASA-1 3398 119 10 MR

115 REYNA-29 3312 116 5 MR107 LALOUB-1 3277 115 5 MR109 LALOUB-2 3266 115 5 MR119 NABUQ-4 3176 112 5 MR

124 NATIONAL CHECK 2847 100

 Yield Trial Mean (24 Entries) 3300

Range 3822 – 2847 Av SE = 133.017

CV% = 7.1

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 1st Yellow Rust Conference, Tehran, Iran June 8-13, 2001

2nd Yellow Rust Conference, Islamabad, Pakistan, March 22-26, 2004

3rd Yellow Rust Conference, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, June 9-10, 2006

4th Yellow Rust Conference, Antalya, Turkey, October 10-12, 2009

Regional Yellow Rust Conferences2001 - 2010

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Genetic Vulnerability to Wheat Rusts: Leads to Epidemics

CAUSES:

Cultivation of one or few closely related varieties with narrow genetic base over large areas

Lack of knowledge of both the genetic base of resistance in cultivars and the regional characteristics of the pathogen population

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Hallmark “Megacultivars”

VEERY = (KVZ/BUHO//KAL/BB)34 varieties released in CWANA ; based on ((Yr9 ))

BOBWHITE = (AU//KAL/BB/3/WOP)5 varieties released in CWANA ; based on ((Yr9 ))

KAUZ = (JUP/BJY//URES)6 varieties released in CWANA ; based on ((Yr9 and Yr27 ))

ATTILA = (ND/VG9144//KAL/BB/3LYACO/4/VEE-5)11 varieties released in CWANA ; based on ((Yr9 and Yr27 ))

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Genetic Vulnerability to Wheat Rusts:

REMEDY:

“If uniformity is the core of genetic vulnerability, then diversity is the best insurance against it”

Broaden the genetic base of resistance:

Knowledge of the genetic base of resistance in current cultivars

Knowledge of characteristics regional pathogen population

Continued monitoring, identification and incorporation of resistance

Regional and International cooperation pre-requisite to success

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Assemble information on cultivated wheat varieties/country with detailed pedigree

Information on areas and cropping patterns within each country (date of planting, harvest, varieties and area/country)

Encourage use for race non-specific resistance by breeding programs

Second Regional Yellow Rust Conference

NARC-Islamabad, Pakistan 22-26 March 2004

Genetic Vulnerability in wheat: Recommendations

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Improvement of internal cooperation between Breeders and pathologists

Regional zones for diversification of cultivars via:Seed production Systems

Education of farmers (FPR, FFS)

Advocacy and contacts w/decision makers)

Liaise with regional IARC scientists to get feed back and to disseminate information

Disseminate info. on web sites, news letters, annual reports, meetings

Second Regional Yellow Rust Conference NARC-Islamabad, Pakistan 22-26 March 2004

Genetic Vulnerability in wheat: Recommendations

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Problem-solving Regional Networks Project

Multi-disciplinary and multi-institutional approach for efficient utilization of expertise, human resources, and infrastructure in member countries and ICARDA to address specific problems (biotic & abiotic) limiting the production of cool season legumes and cereals

Each network is headed by a lead country based on its comparative advantage with respect to the expertise of its national scientists in that area

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Cereal Rusts Network

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Problem-solving Regional Networks ProjectNETWORKS:

Wheat Rusts: Sources of primary inoculums of rusts, their pathway and sources of resistance (LR –Egypt; YR – Ethiopia)

• Activities:

Collect wheat rusted samples for pathogen identification

Monitor wheat rust severity in the Nile Valley and Red Sea countries.

Monitor the effectiveness of known resistance genes.

Identify wheat rust pathotypes and virulence analysis in the Nile valley and Red Sea countries (Ethiopia, Egypt, Sudan and Yemen)

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SUMMARY

SBW improvement for CWANA is greatly linked with NARS in the region through problem solving networks and research partnership

To address production constraints the program aims at combining multiple disease resistance and adaptation to abiotic stresses.

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Thank you