Impacts of Wheat Stripe Rust in Uzbekistan: Breeding and Control Strategies
Development of Stripe Rust Resistant Spring Bread Wheat Germplasm for CWANA:Achievements and...
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Development of Stripe Rust Resistant Spring Development of Stripe Rust Resistant Spring Bread Wheat Germplasm for CWANA:Bread Wheat Germplasm for CWANA:
Achievements and ChallengesAchievements and Challenges
Development of Stripe Rust Resistant Spring Development of Stripe Rust Resistant Spring Bread Wheat Germplasm for CWANA:Bread Wheat Germplasm for CWANA:
Achievements and ChallengesAchievements and Challenges
The International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)
P.O. Box 5466 Aleppo Syria
The International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)
P.O. Box 5466 Aleppo Syria
Presented by: Osman S. Abdalla
Target Environments
• Spring Bread Wheat improvement targets all wheat growing areas in CWANA with focus on: Semiarid Mediterranean rainfed environments:
(11 million hectares):a) Temperate Continental with relatively low winter temperaturesb) Temperate Sub-Continental with relatively cool winter temperatures
Favorable & irrigated environments including low latitudes of CWANA: (13 million hectares) ):a) Temperate Continental with relatively low winter temperaturesb) Temperate Sub-Continental with relatively cool winter temperaturesc) CWANA Low Latitudes with relatively warm winter temperatures
Prevalence of Rusts Diseases in CWANA
Lr
Yr, Lr
Yr, Lr, Sr,
Yr
Yr Yr
Breeding Methodology
Targeted Crossing Program that emphasizes broadening the genetic base of resistance:
Utilization of Parental Cultivars of Known Wide Spectrum Rust Resistance;
Parental lines selected at YR & SR endemic areas including E. Africa (Uganda, Kenya & Ethiopia); Andean Region (Ecuador), + Mexico, Central America and West Asia (Turkey & Iran)For LR, Parental lines selected at NVRSR (Egypt –Sids +Nuberia), North Africa (Morocco – S.Alala-Tazi + Tesaout), West Asia (Lebanon and Iran) and Mexico.
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
Multilocation testing, in collaboration with NARS, to expose the germplasm to the prevailing biotic and abiotic stresses in the region:
Key Location Disease Nursery (KLDN) (Aids the enhancement of genetic diversity)
Plant health system established using host plant resistance, biological control mechanism and
Ma’Rib, Yemen
Beeding Methodology
Debre Zeit –Eth (SR)
Damhar-Yemen (YR/SR)
Njoro - Kenya
Mararo –Eth (YR)
ICARDA Breeding Methodology: Shuttle Breeding
Shuttle breeding with major stress/disease hot-spots to incorporate the desired tolerance /resistance in derived populations e.g. East Africa Ug99 resistance Shuttle.
Main Shuttle Breeding Sites:
Terbol - Lebanon
Debre Zeit / Kulumsa - Ethiopia
Njoro - Kenya
ICARDA: East Africa SBW Shuttle Breeding
Site Nov
Dec Jan
Feb Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Tel Hadya-Syria (Main Season)
H
Terbol-Lebanon(Off-season)
H
Debre Zeit - Ethiopia (Off-season)
Kulumsa-Ethiopia (Main Season)
H
Njoro - Kenya (Main Season)
H
P
P = Planting H = Harvesting
HP
P
P
P
Linkage of Slow Rusting GenesSTEM RUST:
• Sr2 Complex : Transferred from “Yaroslav
Emmer” to (cv Hope)
• Sr2 linked to morphological marker: Pseudo-black chaff
• Sr2 also linked [pleiotropic] with:
Leaf Rust: Lr 27 Yellow Rust: Yr 30
Linkage of Slow Rusting Genes
Leaf Rust: Lr34 Transferred to CIMMYT wheats from
“Frontana” and “TZPP”
• Lr34 Linked to Morphological Marker: Leaf Tip Necrosis
• Lr34 also linked [pleiotropic] with:
Yellow Rust: Yr18 (cv Anza)
Barley yellow dwarf: Bdv1
Use of Spreader Rows
Use of Spreader Rows
SusceptibleSusceptibleResistant
Selection for Yellow Rust Resistance
Selection for Yellow Rust Resistance in Segregating Populations
Stem Rust (Ug99) and Yellow Rust Reaction of some ICARDA Elite Rust Resistant lines – T. Hadya, Syria 2009/2010
Source BIG
INC-10
SR Njoro-Kenya Nov-
2009
SR DZ - Eth Summer 2009
Seedling Reaction
T-Hadya-2010
PLT No.
NAME2nd Date 2nd Date
Sr (Ug99) IRAN Nov 2009
YR -SYR -2010
816 KBG-01 (CHECK) TR (pbc **) 5R 3+ 10 MR908 HASHAB-2 5RMR tR 3 10 MR913 SANOBAR-3 TR tR 3 20 M919 REYNA-8 5R 5RMR 4 5 MR856 USHER-18 10RMR 10R 3+ 15 MR
1001 NABUQ-6 10MRMS 10RMS 3 5 MR871 MOUNA-1 5R tR 3+ 15 MR963 SELMA-1 5SMS 10RMR 3 10 MR964 FOURTEEN-1 10RMR 5MR 3 5 MR874 FAISAL-1 TR 5R 4 10 MR887 BATTELL-3 50MRMS 10RMS 3+ 10 MR889 SANDALL-5 5R tR 3 5 MR890 DAIRA-12 5R 5R 3 5 MR891 NOUHA-1 5R 5RMR 3 10 MR901 NADIA-20 TRMR tR 3+ 20 M829 DIGELU (CHECK) 5R (pbc **) 5MR ;2 20 S825 PAVON 76 (CHECK) 5R,5MR 10RMR 3+ 70 S
pbc ** = Pseudo-Black Chaff
Yield of Ug99 Resistant Cultivars Relative to National Check under Rainfed (289 mm) Environment at Tel-Hadya, Aleppo - Syria:
CWANA 2nd Stem Rust Resistance Favorable/Irrigated SBWYT 2009/2010)
Entry NAME/PEDIGREE Yield (kg/ha) Yield % N. CheckYR -SYR -
2010123 SOONOT-10 3570 125 10 MR113 SANOBAR-1 3536 124 10 MR102 ICARDA-SRRL-5 3501 123 10 MR121 CASA-1 3398 119 10 MR
115 REYNA-29 3312 116 5 MR107 LALOUB-1 3277 115 5 MR109 LALOUB-2 3266 115 5 MR119 NABUQ-4 3176 112 5 MR
124 NATIONAL CHECK 2847 100
Yield Trial Mean (24 Entries) 3300
Range 3822 – 2847 Av SE = 133.017
CV% = 7.1
1st Yellow Rust Conference, Tehran, Iran June 8-13, 2001
2nd Yellow Rust Conference, Islamabad, Pakistan, March 22-26, 2004
3rd Yellow Rust Conference, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, June 9-10, 2006
4th Yellow Rust Conference, Antalya, Turkey, October 10-12, 2009
Regional Yellow Rust Conferences2001 - 2010
Genetic Vulnerability to Wheat Rusts: Leads to Epidemics
CAUSES:
Cultivation of one or few closely related varieties with narrow genetic base over large areas
Lack of knowledge of both the genetic base of resistance in cultivars and the regional characteristics of the pathogen population
Hallmark “Megacultivars”
VEERY = (KVZ/BUHO//KAL/BB)34 varieties released in CWANA ; based on ((Yr9 ))
BOBWHITE = (AU//KAL/BB/3/WOP)5 varieties released in CWANA ; based on ((Yr9 ))
KAUZ = (JUP/BJY//URES)6 varieties released in CWANA ; based on ((Yr9 and Yr27 ))
ATTILA = (ND/VG9144//KAL/BB/3LYACO/4/VEE-5)11 varieties released in CWANA ; based on ((Yr9 and Yr27 ))
Genetic Vulnerability to Wheat Rusts:
REMEDY:
“If uniformity is the core of genetic vulnerability, then diversity is the best insurance against it”
Broaden the genetic base of resistance:
Knowledge of the genetic base of resistance in current cultivars
Knowledge of characteristics regional pathogen population
Continued monitoring, identification and incorporation of resistance
Regional and International cooperation pre-requisite to success
Assemble information on cultivated wheat varieties/country with detailed pedigree
Information on areas and cropping patterns within each country (date of planting, harvest, varieties and area/country)
Encourage use for race non-specific resistance by breeding programs
Second Regional Yellow Rust Conference
NARC-Islamabad, Pakistan 22-26 March 2004
Genetic Vulnerability in wheat: Recommendations
Improvement of internal cooperation between Breeders and pathologists
Regional zones for diversification of cultivars via:Seed production Systems
Education of farmers (FPR, FFS)
Advocacy and contacts w/decision makers)
Liaise with regional IARC scientists to get feed back and to disseminate information
Disseminate info. on web sites, news letters, annual reports, meetings
Second Regional Yellow Rust Conference NARC-Islamabad, Pakistan 22-26 March 2004
Genetic Vulnerability in wheat: Recommendations
Problem-solving Regional Networks Project
Multi-disciplinary and multi-institutional approach for efficient utilization of expertise, human resources, and infrastructure in member countries and ICARDA to address specific problems (biotic & abiotic) limiting the production of cool season legumes and cereals
Each network is headed by a lead country based on its comparative advantage with respect to the expertise of its national scientists in that area
Cereal Rusts Network
Problem-solving Regional Networks ProjectNETWORKS:
Wheat Rusts: Sources of primary inoculums of rusts, their pathway and sources of resistance (LR –Egypt; YR – Ethiopia)
• Activities:
Collect wheat rusted samples for pathogen identification
Monitor wheat rust severity in the Nile Valley and Red Sea countries.
Monitor the effectiveness of known resistance genes.
Identify wheat rust pathotypes and virulence analysis in the Nile valley and Red Sea countries (Ethiopia, Egypt, Sudan and Yemen)
SUMMARY
SBW improvement for CWANA is greatly linked with NARS in the region through problem solving networks and research partnership
To address production constraints the program aims at combining multiple disease resistance and adaptation to abiotic stresses.
Thank you