Development of Personality

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In the Name of The Most Beneficent, The Most Merciful

description

This presentation includes various theories of human development. Each stage of development and growth are also mentioned with related pictures and exapmles.

Transcript of Development of Personality

Page 1: Development of Personality

In the Name of

The Most Beneficent,

The Most Merciful

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DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT OF OF

PERSONALITY PERSONALITY

Presentation ByPresentation By

SYED NOSHAD HUSSAINSYED NOSHAD HUSSAINLecturer in Pakistan StudiesLecturer in Pakistan Studies

DPS D.G.KhanDPS D.G.Khan

[email protected][email protected]

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The Holy Quran SaysThe Holy Quran Says

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What is meant by What is meant by Personality?Personality?

The word Personality is taken from a Latin The word Personality is taken from a Latin

word word PERSONAPERSONA which means mask. which means mask.

Personality is defined as the distinguishing Personality is defined as the distinguishing

characteristics of an individual which characteristics of an individual which

differentiate him/her from others when differentiate him/her from others when

displayed in a wide variety of situations and displayed in a wide variety of situations and

circumstances especially social one’scircumstances especially social one’s. . 

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In fact, the development of personality which is the In fact, the development of personality which is the

outcome of interaction between genetic make-up of outcome of interaction between genetic make-up of

an individual and his environment starts parentally an individual and his environment starts parentally

or even before conception since genetics has or even before conception since genetics has

something to do with it.something to do with it.

Positive Personality Negative PersonalityPositive Personality Negative Personality

Introversion Personality Extroversion Introversion Personality Extroversion

PersonalityPersonality

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DETERMINANTS OF PERSONALITYDETERMINANTS OF PERSONALITY

ENVIRINMENTAL FACTORSENVIRINMENTAL FACTORS Cultural Cultural RacialRacial SocioeconomicSocioeconomic EducationalEducational Social guidance Social guidance Health conditionsHealth conditions Parental educationParental education Emotional statesEmotional states Social interaction Social interaction

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The The IntrinsicIntrinsic Factors Factors

Biological Drives such asBiological Drives such as

HomeostaticHomeostaticSexualSexual

Defensive Defensive

and Assimilatory drivesand Assimilatory drives Hereditary Temperamental Differences.Hereditary Temperamental Differences.

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Theories of Personality Theories of Personality DevelopmentDevelopment

There are a number of theories regarding There are a number of theories regarding development like Learning Theory, Humanistic development like Learning Theory, Humanistic Theory , Cognitive Theory , Biological Theory , Theory , Cognitive Theory , Biological Theory , Psychoanalytic Theory of personality. But this Psychoanalytic Theory of personality. But this presentation is mainly based on following presentation is mainly based on following theoriestheories..

1.1. Psychosexual/Psychoanalytic Psychosexual/Psychoanalytic Development : Sigmund FreudDevelopment : Sigmund Freud

2.2. Psychoanalytic Theory :Eric Erikson and Psychoanalytic Theory :Eric Erikson and Stack SullivanStack Sullivan

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Sigmund Freud’s Sigmund Freud’s TheoryTheory

ofof Psychosexual DevelopmentPsychosexual Development According to Freud personality According to Freud personality

development takes place in five stages:development takes place in five stages: The Oral StageThe Oral Stage The Anal StageThe Anal Stage The Phallic StageThe Phallic Stage The Latent PeriodThe Latent Period Genital StageGenital StageLibido , Fixation , Oedipus or Electra Libido , Fixation , Oedipus or Electra

Complex Complex

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Psychoanalytic Theory : Eric Psychoanalytic Theory : Eric Erikson and Stack SullivanErikson and Stack Sullivan

Developed form of the Freud theoryDeveloped form of the Freud theory They have divided development of They have divided development of

personality into eight stages:personality into eight stages: Infancy StageInfancy Stage Toddler HoodToddler Hood Preschool Stage Preschool Stage School Age StageSchool Age Stage Adolescence StageAdolescence Stage Young AdulthoodYoung Adulthood Middle Adulthood Stage Middle Adulthood Stage Older Adulthood StageOlder Adulthood Stage

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Development Stages and theirDevelopment Stages and their Major Characteristic Major Characteristic

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INFANCY STAGEINFANCY STAGE ( O to 1 Year)( O to 1 Year)

The nurturing persons must The nurturing persons must limitate their behavi in addition to limitate their behavi in addition to fulfilling their needs such as food fulfilling their needs such as food and warmth..  and warmth.. 

Infants need stimulating and Infants need stimulating and socializing experiences for socializing experiences for developing into a person.  developing into a person. 

The sense of confidence is The sense of confidence is established when the infant gains established when the infant gains a feeling that caregivers have for a feeling that caregivers have for them. them.

Erikson has thought about when Erikson has thought about when he considered trust Vs mistrust to he considered trust Vs mistrust to be the psychosocial crisis during be the psychosocial crisis during this period of lifethis period of life

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The Developmental Tasks of The Developmental Tasks of Infancy Infancy

Learning To WalkLearning To Walk Beginning To Talk Beginning To Talk Communicate With OthersCommunicate With Others Beginning To Have Emotional Beginning To Have Emotional

Relationships CaregiversRelationships Caregivers Learning To Eat Solid Foods Learning To Eat Solid Foods Developing Stable Sleep Developing Stable Sleep Eating Periods Eating Periods

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TODDLERS HOOD STAGETODDLERS HOOD STAGE ( 1 to 3 Year)( 1 to 3 Year)

During this stage, increased motor development During this stage, increased motor development

permits increased physical autonomy.permits increased physical autonomy.

At this stage, the child's curiosity At this stage, the child's curiosity

increases.They now explore new dimensions of increases.They now explore new dimensions of

relationships with parents. relationships with parents. 

In order to maintain a satisfactory relationship In order to maintain a satisfactory relationship

with parents, the child has to obey rules. with parents, the child has to obey rules.

The bond between caregiver and child becomes The bond between caregiver and child becomes

intense and  the child strongly resists intense and  the child strongly resists

separation separation

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The Developmental Tasks of Toddlers

Tolerating Separation From the Primary CaregiverUsing Words To Communicate With others, Becoming Less Dependent On The Primary Caregiver

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PRESCHOOL STAGEPRESCHOOL STAGE ( 3 to 6 Year)( 3 to 6 Year)

During this stage, there is tremendous During this stage, there is tremendous growth in vocabulary and continuous growth in vocabulary and continuous chatter is a characteristic. chatter is a characteristic. 

In addition, persistent questioning is the In addition, persistent questioning is the tool by which the preschooler explores the tool by which the preschooler explores the environment. environment.

During this stage, a child becomes more During this stage, a child becomes more cooperative with his/her family as he/she cooperative with his/her family as he/she becomes eager to parental demands.    becomes eager to parental demands.   

The child is still emotionally linked and The child is still emotionally linked and dependent on his/her parents. dependent on his/her parents.

The child becomes socially interacting and The child becomes socially interacting and cooperative.  cooperative. 

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The Developmental Tasks of Preschoolers

increasing the ability to increasing the ability to communicate and understand communicate and understand others, others,

performing self-care activities,  performing self-care activities,  learning the difference between learning the difference between

sexes and developing sexual sexes and developing sexual modesty,modesty,

learning right from wrong and learning right from wrong and good from bad and developing good from bad and developing family relationships family relationships

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School Age StageSchool Age Stage ( 6 to 12 Year)( 6 to 12 Year)

This stage is the time for entering school.This stage is the time for entering school. Children move out of their homes  into  worlds Children move out of their homes  into  worlds

therefore their self concepts, value systems and therefore their self concepts, value systems and cognitive capacities change.cognitive capacities change.

In addition, children enter the world of peer In addition, children enter the world of peer groups and their behavior is influencedgroups and their behavior is influenced

Attending school implies new expectations from Attending school implies new expectations from a child.  They now represent their families who a child.  They now represent their families who want to be proud of their child.want to be proud of their child.

At this stage, the child starts comparing him/her At this stage, the child starts comparing him/her self with class mates or playmates.self with class mates or playmates.

Such circumstances stimulate the child to be as Such circumstances stimulate the child to be as better as possible.better as possible.

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This is the time when transition from This is the time when transition from ascribed to achieved status starts to ascribed to achieved status starts to take place. take place. 

In school, a child is treated as a part In school, a child is treated as a part of a collectivity rather than as of a collectivity rather than as individual at home.individual at home.

This requires the child to forget many This requires the child to forget many desires that may not enable him to fit desires that may not enable him to fit into the group. into the group. 

The school child's evaluation of him The school child's evaluation of him self starts when adults, school mates self starts when adults, school mates and playmates evaluate him/her. and playmates evaluate him/her. 

A new set of values is acquired by A new set of values is acquired by the child and he/she starts to view the child and he/she starts to view his/her society from different his/her society from different perspectives.perspectives.

At this stage, children have rigid At this stage, children have rigid standards of what is right and what is standards of what is right and what is wrong. wrong. 

Later part of the school age called Later part of the school age called preadolescencepreadolescence

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The Developmental Tasks of School Age

Developing the social and physical skillsDeveloping the social and physical skills Needed for playing games, Needed for playing games, Learning to get along with others,Learning to get along with others, Learning behavioral attitudes appropriate Learning behavioral attitudes appropriate

to one's own sex, to one's own sex, Learning basic reading, writing, and arithmetic Learning basic reading, writing, and arithmetic

skills skills Developing a conscience and morals, Developing a conscience and morals, Developing a good feeling and attitude about Developing a good feeling and attitude about

oneself. oneself.

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ADOLESCENCE STAGE ADOLESCENCE STAGE (12 TO 20 YEARS)(12 TO 20 YEARS)

Adolescence is a transitional stage between Adolescence is a transitional stage between

childhood and adult life.childhood and adult life. It is characterized by rapid physical growth It is characterized by rapid physical growth

and psychological, mental and social maturity.and psychological, mental and social maturity. This stage of development officially begins at This stage of development officially begins at

puberty and ends with person achieving a puberty and ends with person achieving a

level of maturity.level of maturity. The person is able to deal with and manage The person is able to deal with and manage

realities of life and be able to bear realities of life and be able to bear

responsibility his/her actions. responsibility his/her actions. 

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The Developmental Tasks of Adolescence

Accepting changes in the body and appearance, Accepting changes in the body and appearance, Developing appropriate relationships with males and Developing appropriate relationships with males and

females of the same agefemales of the same age Developing morals, attitudes, and values needed for Developing morals, attitudes, and values needed for

functioning in societyfunctioning in society Adolescence is thought to be the period of emotional Adolescence is thought to be the period of emotional

unheard and rebellionunheard and rebellion Sudden changes of mood, shifting ideologies and Sudden changes of mood, shifting ideologies and

clashes with authorityclashes with authority     Peer (friend, equals) groups play a critical role in the Peer (friend, equals) groups play a critical role in the

process of socialization and process of socialization and

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Adolescent still feels uncertain i.e. lacks Adolescent still feels uncertain i.e. lacks

the ability to direct him/her self and the the ability to direct him/her self and the

confidence to translate his/her thoughts confidence to translate his/her thoughts

and ideas into a definite course of action.  and ideas into a definite course of action. 

Persistent arguing and pretended wisdom Persistent arguing and pretended wisdom

are characteristic features of adolescents.are characteristic features of adolescents.

Moreover, an adolescent rethinks about Moreover, an adolescent rethinks about

matters learnt from his/her parents early matters learnt from his/her parents early

in life. Therefore, the period of in life. Therefore, the period of

Adolescence can be called the periodAdolescence can be called the period

of readjustmentof readjustment..

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YOUNG ADULTHOOD STAGE YOUNG ADULTHOOD STAGE (20 to 40 years)(20 to 40 years)

Psychological and social developments Psychological and social developments continue during this stage.  continue during this stage. 

Marital and vocational choices represent the Marital and vocational choices represent the determinants of one’s overall personality.determinants of one’s overall personality.

Commitment of oneself to a specific way in Commitment of oneself to a specific way in life takes place through marriage and children life takes place through marriage and children rising. rising.

A person has attained adult status with A person has attained adult status with the completion of physical maturity.the completion of physical maturity.

He/she has become sufficiently well He/she has become sufficiently well integrated and emotionally mature to utilize integrated and emotionally mature to utilize the opportunities.the opportunities.

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His/her independence from their parental His/her independence from their parental families motivates them to achieve families motivates them to achieve interdependence and find their places in interdependence and find their places in society.  society. 

Now the life cycle rounds to the point at Now the life cycle rounds to the point at which young adults are again confronted by which young adults are again confronted by the start of life, but now as members of the the start of life, but now as members of the parental generation.parental generation.

They often undergo profound personality They often undergo profound personality reorientations as they become involved in the reorientations as they become involved in the unfolding of a child’s life.unfolding of a child’s life.

This stage of life ends when a person has This stage of life ends when a person has achieved stable positions in society and the achieved stable positions in society and the time when his/her children no more need time when his/her children no more need his/her attention.  his/her attention. 

Intimacy Vs isolation is the representative of Intimacy Vs isolation is the representative of this stage in the Psychosocial theory.this stage in the Psychosocial theory.

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Developmental Tasks of Developmental Tasks of Young AdulthoodYoung Adulthood

Choosing educationChoosing education OccupationOccupation Selecting a marriage partnerSelecting a marriage partner Learning to live with a spouse Learning to live with a spouse

or wife or wife Developing a happyDeveloping a happy

satisfactory marital life satisfactory marital life

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MIDDLE ADULTHOOD STAGE MIDDLE ADULTHOOD STAGE (40 TO 65 YEARS)(40 TO 65 YEARS)

This stage of development is This stage of development is more stable and comfortable more stable and comfortable although some people although some people develop a "midlife crisis."develop a "midlife crisis."

The "midlife crisis" is a term The "midlife crisis" is a term that describes the feelings that describes the feelings of distress that affect some of distress that affect some people when they realize people when they realize that they are no longer that they are no longer young.young.

Middle crises may result Middle crises may result suddenly changing jobs, or suddenly changing jobs, or adopting youthful fashions.  adopting youthful fashions.  

It is during this period of It is during this period of

growth and development growth and development

that life-style changes occur that life-style changes occur

because of other changes.  because of other changes. 

Several physical changes Several physical changes

occur during this period. occur during this period.

The changes may occur very The changes may occur very

gradually and go unnoticed.gradually and go unnoticed.

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The Developmental Tasks The Developmental Tasks Faced in Middle AdulthoodFaced in Middle Adulthood

Adjusting to physical changeAdjusting to physical change

Having grown childrenHaving grown children

Developing leisure-time activitiesDeveloping leisure-time activities

Relating to aging parentsRelating to aging parents

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OLDER ADULTHOOD STAGE OLDER ADULTHOOD STAGE (65 YEARS AND ABOVE)(65 YEARS AND ABOVE)

Many physical, psychological, and social Many physical, psychological, and social changes occur during later adulthood.changes occur during later adulthood.

The critical transition comes at the time The critical transition comes at the time of retirement for both the husband and of retirement for both the husband and the wife.  the wife. 

In old age persons are moving toward In old age persons are moving toward completion of their life cycles.    completion of their life cycles.   

Old age can be a time when a person can Old age can be a time when a person can enjoy his/her  time with his/her enjoy his/her  time with his/her grandchildren and leisure time activities.grandchildren and leisure time activities.

This stage is characterized by increased This stage is characterized by increased wisdom although many other things are wisdom although many other things are lost such as health, friends, family and lost such as health, friends, family and independence. independence.

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The Developmental Tasks of The Developmental Tasks of the Older Adult the Older Adult

The developmental tasks of the older adult The developmental tasks of the older adult

age are: age are:

Adjusting to decreasing physical strength and Adjusting to decreasing physical strength and

loss of healthloss of health

Adjusting to retirement and reduced incomeAdjusting to retirement and reduced income

Coping with death of a husband or wife and Coping with death of a husband or wife and

preparing for one's own deatheating periods.preparing for one's own deatheating periods.

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Special ThanksSpecial Thanks

Worthy Principal Syed Shahab ud Din Shah for Worthy Principal Syed Shahab ud Din Shah for providing me a chance to speak here.providing me a chance to speak here.

Sir Syed Salman Ahmad Sir Syed Salman Ahmad Sir Mukhtar ShahSir Mukhtar Shah

Madam Shehla Ilyas Madam Shehla Ilyas for their help .for their help .

Thanks to World Wide Web (www) Thanks to World Wide Web (www)

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