DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALITY

PROF. DR. DOINA COZMAN

PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT FACTORS: babies

• I. Imprinting – derived from ethology

• Holding: mother’s function development

of attachment

• Social learning of emotions (see children raised without a mother/attachment figure)

II. INFANCY• Family, parental diad (the father figure emerges)• Grandparents • SiblingsIII. CHILDHOOD- family- Peers, school groupIV. ADOLESCENCE- Distancing from parental models, even rejecting

them- Social models emerge (friends, movie stars,

teachers etc.)V. YOUNG ADULT- Biological maturation and personality

maturation do not overlap- The role of the professional group- The role of community emerges

BIOPSYCHOTYPOLOGY

PROF. DR. DOINA COZMAN

I. DEFINITIONS•1. MEDICAL TYPOLOGY: the actual reactivity of the patient, correlations between individuals, metabolic specificities, emphasizing on the dynamics of the subject – environment relationship. The “type” provides the essential, while the individual is rich in phenomenons Allport :”typology is half way towards individuality”•2. CONSTITUTION: permanent and essential elements (physical and psychological traits) – reactivity, phenotype and person •3. BIOTYPOLOGIES: they postulate correlations between physical habitus and important psychological features – even since Hyppocrates and ancient astrology

• ANTIQUITYHYPPOCRATES: - APOPLECTIC TYPE- PHTISIC TYPEGALENUS: types:- SANGVINIC- CHOLERIC- MELANCHOLIC- PHLEGMATICThese are all words with a Greek origin,

connecting a certain physical appearance with a specific tendency towards behaviours and illnesses

BIOPSYCHOTYPOLOGIES

CLASIFICATION •1. Morphological criterion -MORPHOTYPES (Hyppocrates)•2. Psychophysiological criterion (Sheldon; Pavlov: activated and inhibited CNS activity)•3. Psychological criterion (Freud, Jung, Schneider)•4. Mixed types (Kretschmer)

KRETSCHMER• Psychiatric observations combined with

comprehensive body measurements• 1. LEPTOSOM (ASTHENIC) TYPE: thin oval

face, thin body, long and flat chest; psychologically ambivalent, enigmatic, aloof, abstract thinkers who keep to themselves; they tend to develop schizophrenia

• 2. PICNIC TYPE: round head and face, short neck, round chest and stomach, short limbs; sociable, communicative, alternating between sadness and joy

• 3. ATHLETIC TYPE: tall, well-built and proportioned body; quiet and with little imagination;

• 4. Dysplastic type: somatic dismorphisms; rigid, adhesive, impulsive.

SHELDON

He was an endocrinologist, therefor he clasified types according to embrionary origin of organs:

• 1. Endomorph variable (INTERNAL ORGANS) → VISCEROTONY

• 2. Mesomorph variable (MUSCLES) → SOMATOTONY

• 3. Ectomorph variable (CNS) → CEREBROTONY

FREUD• For Freud development meant sexual

development, and types meant stages of libido (sexual impulse) development

• 1. ORAL• 2. ANAL• 3. URETHRAL• 4. PHALIC• 5. GENITAL = MATURE

JUNG• Jung was a disciple of Freud, who

distanced himself and defined types according to the pattern of relationship with the exterior:– INTROVERTED TYPE– EXTRAVERTED TYPE– AMBIVERT TYPE

• IRRATIONAL TYPES:• 1. PERCEPTIVE• 2. INTUITIVE• RATIONAL TYPES:• 3. AFFECTIVE• 4. REFLEXIVE

CLINICAL TYPOLOGY: KURT SCHNEIDER

– T. Hypertymic– T. Depressive– T. Fanatic– T. Sensitive – T. Affectionless– T. Labile– T. Attention-seeking– T. Anankastic– T. Weak-willed– T. Asthenic

From biopsychotypes to personality types and disorders