Development of Paper PFCR - CEPI...pulping process, refining, screening, cleaning, bleaching and...

Development of Paper PFCR

Anna Virolainen, DG ENVIRONMENTBengt Davidsson, Confederation of European Paper Industries (CEPI)

Team who contributed to paper PFCR development work

Jori RigmanBengt DavidssonIsabelle ProsserDaniela HaiducNoura Younes

DG ENVIRONMENT: Michele GalatolaAnna VirolainenImola BedoLoreta Juskaite

14:30 – 14:45 Welcoming SpeechJori Ringman, CEPI

14:45 – 15:15Product and Organisations' Environmental Footprint in the framework of the Resource Efficiency Roadmap. Michele Galatola, DG Environment

15:15 – 15:40Coffee break

15:40 – 16:00General information about the PEF and paper PFCR

16:00 – 17:00 PFCR Definition of product group, goal and scope (Chapters 1-3 of the paper PFCR)

Agenda: Monday 14. November

08:30 – 10:30 PFCR Definition of product group, goal and scope (Chapters 1-3 of the paper PFCR)

10:30 – 11:00 Coffee break

11:00 – 13:00Compiling and recording the resource use and emissions profile (Chapter 4)

13:00 – 14:00Lunch break

14:00 – 16:00Environmental Footprint Impact Assessment and Interpretation of the results(Chapters 5-6) Environmental Footprint Report and Review (Chapters 7-11)

16:00 – 16:30 Next steps

Agenda: Tuesday 15. November

Paper Product Footprint Category Rules (PFCR) development project

• Aims of the project– To test the PFCR developing process– To develop a PFCR document

• The PFCR is based on the forthcoming European methodology for the calculation of environmental footprint

• The PFCR development process will be transparent and open, allowing all interested stakeholders to participate in the process (crowdsourcing)

•PFCR drafting & open consultation stage•1st drafting 01/08 > 11/09/2011•1st Open consultation 12/09 > 2/10/2011•2nd draft 01/08 > 10/10/2011•2nd Open consultation 10/10 > 30/10/2011•3rd draft PFCR draft 01/08 > 8/11/2011•3rd Open consultation 09/11 > 30/11/201•Stakeholder meeting 14/11 > 15/11/2011•PFCR final by 09/12/2011

E-voting 12/12 > 19/12/2011

Preparatory stage 01/07 > 31/07/2011•Decide the goal of the project•Decide the organization and the share of tasks•Preparation of the open consultation procedure•Planning the communication

Finalisation by 27/12/2011

PFCR development timeline

General Information about PFCR

Role of PFCRs is provide detailed technical guidance on how to conduct a Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) study for a specific product category.Product Environmental Footprint methodology is based on several different methodologiesPrinciples for the Product Environmental Category Rules- Relationship with the methodology;- Modularity;- Involvement of selected interested parties; and- Striving for comparabilityUse of existing PCRs and similarHow to use this guide?

ISO 14044 (2006)ISO 14067 (Nov 2010d)ILCD (2010)BP X 30 (2009PAS 2050 (2008, Nov 2010d, Jan 2011d)Ecological footprint (2009)WBCSD/WRI (product: Nov 2010)

Paper PFCR – table of contents

1. Definitions of product group2. Defining the Goal(s) of the Product Environmental Footprint

(PEF) Study3. Defining the Scope of the PEF Study4. Compiling and Recording the Resource use and Compiling

and Recording the Resource use and Emissions Profile5. Environmental footprint Impact Assessment6. Interpretation of Product Environmental Footprint Results7. Product Environmental Footprint Reports8. Product Environmental Footprint ReviewTerms and definitionsAnnex 1-4

Paper PFCR

1.Definitions of product groupa) Descriptions of product category

2. Defining the Goal(s) of the Product Environmental Footprint Study3. Defining the Scope of the Product Environmental Footprint Study4. Compiling and Recording the Resource use and Compiling and

Recording the Resource use and Emissions Profile5. Environmental footprint Impact Assessment6. Interpretation of Product Environmental Footprint Results7. Product Environmental Footprint Reports8. Product Environmental Footprint ReviewTerms and definitionsAnnex 1-4

1. Definitions of product group RULES (1st draft):

– intermediate paper products (CPA 17.12)– product subclasses

COMMENTS (22):1. Confusions between the product group and system boundary2. Criticism on CPA classification system3. Final products are missing (tissue, paper in reams etc)

CHANGES DONE:1. System boundary has been changed afterwards 2. Conversion keys available between CPA and CPC3. A final paper products (CPA 17.2) added to the scope

PULP GRADES TYPICAL PAPER GRADE TYPICAL ENDPRODUCTS

CPA 17.11:Pulp

CPA 17.12:Paper and paperboard:

CPA 17.2:Articles of paper and paperboard

- mechanical pulp- chemical pulp- chemi-mechanical pulp - recycled pulp

Graphic paper product class:- Newsprint- Coated and uncoated magazine (SC and LWC)- Coated and uncoated woodfree printing andwriting

- Newspapers- Journals- Books- Computer printouts- Xerographic copies- Inserts- etc.

Packaging paper and paperboard product class:- Liner- Sack- Corrugating medium- Folding box board- Liquid packaging board- Wrapping

- Bags- Boxes- Wrappings- Containers- etc.

Sanitary and hygienic paper product class: - Dry crepe- Wet crepe

- Toilet tissue- Kitchen towels- Facial tissue- Napkins- Hand towels, etc.

Other paper product class:- Official papers- Filter paper- Fire resistant papers

- Stamps- Air filters- Coffee filters- Baking paper- etc.

1. Definitions of product group 3rd

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Discussion

Paper PFCR

1.Definitions of product groupa) Descriptions of product category2. Defining the Goal(s) of the Product Environmental

Footprint Study3. Defining the Scope of the Product Environmental Footprint Study4. Compiling and Recording the Resource use and Compiling and

Recording the Resource use and Emissions Profile5. Environmental footprint Impact Assessment6. Interpretation of Product Environmental Footprint Results7. Product Environmental Footprint Reports8. Product Environmental Footprint ReviewTerms and definitionsAnnex 1-4

RULES (1st draft):

COMMENTS (32):1. References are missing or they are unclear (PEF, ISO 14040…)2. Table is too complex3. Terminology is not clear (B2B, C2B etc.)

CHANGES DONE:1. Additional information is about the background is given 2. Table is simplified3. Terminology is simplified

2. Defining the Goal of the Study

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(1) Customer information (business, consumer)

(2) Product and Performance improvement (in house)

☺ ☺ ☺

(3) Comparative assertion of specific goods or services (to be disclosed to public)

= mandatory and strictly in line with what foreseen in the PFCR document ☺ =recommended but not mandatory

= not mandatory

2. Defining the Goal of the Study 3rd

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Discussion

Paper PFCR1.Definitions of product groupa) Descriptions of product category

2. Defining the Goal(s) of the Product Environmental Footprint Study3. Defining the Scope of the Product Environmental Footprint

Studya) Unit of analysis (functional unit) b) System boundaries for product environmental footprint studyc) Cut-off rulesd) Selecting Environmental Footprint Impact Categories and

Assessment Methods to be included in the LCA4. Compiling and Recording the Resource use and Compiling and Recording the

Resource use and Emissions Profile5. Environmental footprint Impact Assessment6. Interpretation of Product Environmental Footprint Results7. Product Environmental Footprint Reports8. Product Environmental Footprint ReviewTerms and definitionsAnnex 1-4

3a) Unit of analysis (functional unit) RULES (1st draft):The declaration unit for market pulp/ intermediate paper shall be one air dried tonne of saleable pulp defined at the pulp mill's gate having at least 90%/95% dry matter.

COMMENTS (25):1. There should not be pre-set dry matter content2. Grammage information is missing3. Contraction between the product group and system boundary 4. Final products are missing (tissue, paper in reams etc)5. Other units should also be possible as well

CHANGES DONE:1. No pre-set dry matter content, but moisture content shall be reported 2. Grammage information is added3. System boundary has been changed4. Functional unit for final paper product added5. Alternative Functional unit can be used in addition to the mandatory one

3a) Unit of analysis (1/2)

(10) The environmental impact shall be given per functional unit(s). Functional unit shall be declared in the report. European COMBINED NOMENCLATURE scheme may be used to specify pulp/paper grade.

Intermediate paper product: [xx%] air dried tonne of saleable [xx paper grade] with a grammage of [xxx g/m2] defined at the paper mill's gate.

Final paper product: [xx%] air dried tonne of saleable [xx paper Product] defined atthe paper mill's gate.

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(11) Alternative functional units may be used to report theresults in parallel with the mandatory functional unit. The alternative functional units may be for example:

• One square meter of product; or • The amount of tissue required to absorb 1 g of water (the

determination of the amount of water absorbed shall be by using the test method DIN 54 540 or similar); or

• Amount of tissue used for a specified functional unit, e.g. amount needed for a hand-drying.

3a) Unit of analysis (2/2) 3rd

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Discussion

3b) System boundaries (1/2)

RULES (1st draft):• Cradle to grave

COMMENTS (93):1. Cradle to grave for intermediate products (33)2. Integrated mill case (15)3. Transportation of raw materials

CHANGES DONE:1. Cradle to gate & Cradle to grave 2. Integrated mill case clarified in the data section3. Transportation raw materials belong to upstream

3b) System boundaries (2/2)

RULES (1st draft):• Cradle to grave

COMMENTS (93):1. Boundary to nature, time boundary2. Recycling (double counting)3. Capital goods, R&D, packaging material

CHANGES DONE:1. Boundary to nature, Boundary to other life-cycles & time

boundary (data) are added2. Recycling approach clarified3. Capital goods and other issues now addressed under cut-off

3b) System boundaries for product environmental footprint study 3rd

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Raw Material Acquisition and Pre-processing:(17) The raw material acquisition and pre-processing stage startswhen resources are extracted from nature and ends when the productcomponents enter the gate of the studied product’s production facility. Processes to include in the study are e.g.

Transportation of raw materials to the pulp and paper millProduction of non-fibre-based raw materials used in a product studied or in the production of product studiedProduction of packaging material used in products;Production of wood-based raw materials :

• Pulp wood (forestry, biological production of trees...), • Off-site woodchips (forestry...); and/or • External production of pulp

3b) System boundaries for product environmental footprint study (upstream)

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Production of pulp, paper and paperboard...CONTINUE (1/3):

(18) Begins when the product components enter the production site for the studied product and ends when the finished product of interest leaves the production facility gate. Processes to include in the study are e.g.

Treatment of waste generated from the production processes (e.g. rejects from recovered fibre processing);Transport of waste generated by the millSupporting activities used in a pulp and paper productionThe internal transportation;

3b) System boundaries for product environmental footprint study (core)

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Pulping:Virgin pulp production (e.g. de-barking, chipping, pulping process, refining, screening, cleaning, bleachingand storage of pulp, drying of pulp (market pulp); and/orRecycled fibre pulp production (e.g. re-pulping of recovered paper, mechanical removal of impurities, de-inking, bleaching and storage of pulp, drying of pulp(market pulp); and/orThe use of market pulp or external production of pulp(e.g. re-pulping of imported pulp)


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Relevant only for final product!


Paper and paperboard production:Paper and paperboard production;Additional processes, on- or off-paper machine (e.g. coating, sizing, dying and calendaring); andFinishing processes (e.g. reeling, cutting, packaging, dispatching of product);

Converting processes taken place at the paper mill: Embossing, impregnation, printing and pigment coating of paper and paperboard etc. Cutting and packing of a final paper product


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3b) System boundaries for product environmental footprint study (downstream)

Downstream processes Product Distribution & Storage: Products must be distributed to users and may be stored at various points along the supply chain. Processes to include in the study are e.g.:• The transportation of the product from a manufacture to a

merchant or a distribution platform; and• Waste management of transport packaging.

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Downstream processes End-of-Life management processes:

(19) The end-of-life stage begins when the used product is discarded by the user and ends when the product is returned to nature as particles and components, a waste or enters another product’s life cycle. Processes to include in the study are e.g.

Landfilling and landfill operation and maintenance;Composting or other organic waste treatment methods;Incineration and disposal of bottom ash; and/orConversion into recycled material:

• Collection, transport of used paper and board• Preparation of recovered paper (e.g. cleaning & sorting

used paper to produce raw material for paper recycling )

3b) System boundaries for product environmental footprint study (downstream)

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3b) System boundaries for product environmental footprint study

Boundaries to nature (20) Boundaries to nature shall be defined as flows of resource from nature into the system. Emissions to air, water and soil cross the system boundary when they are emitted from or leaving the product system. Resources and emissions are elementary flows entering the system being studied that have been drawn from the environment without previous human transformation, or material or energy leaving the system being studied that are released into the environment without subsequent human transformation.

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3b) System boundaries for product environmental footprint study

Boundaries to other product life cycles(21) If there is an inflow of recycled paper or othermaterial to the production system in the production/manufacturing phase, the transportation fromthe recycling process to where the material is used shallbe included. If there is an outflow of material to recycling, the transportation of the material to a sorting facility and recycling processes shall be included.

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Discussion

3c) Cut-off rules

RULES (1st draft): none

COMMENTS (20):1. Environmental relevance, mass-based etc.2. Exclusion of packaging materials as non-significant

CHANGES DONE:1. Based on contributions to each environmental impact

category2. Use phase; Infrastructure; Personal transport and staff

business travels; Capital goods;

3c) Cut-off rules General Rules(23) The PEF study shall include all environmentally significantaspects of a product under the study. To establish whether or not a certain life-cycle stage, unit process, impact categories, inputs or outputs are environmentally relevant, cut-off rules shall be establishedand applied.

(24) If cut-offs are applied, they shall be based on contributions to each environmental impact category. The threshold shall be 90% inclusiveness. Any cut-offs must be justified and their potential influence on final results assessed.

Additional Rules(26) Use phase…(27) Infrastructure…(28) Personal transport and staff business travels …(29) Capital goods…

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Discussion

3d) Selecting Environmental Footprint Impact Categories

RULES (2nd draft):– Mandatory environmental impact categories to be reported

COMMENTS (35):1. Selection logic (5)2. Selection of impact categories (11): climate change,

photochemical ozone formation, acidification, eutrophication3. Missing categories: forest degradation and deforestation (1) &

biodiversity (1)

CHANGES DONE:1. Selection logic will be explained in the PFCR2. Mandatory: climate change, photochemical ozone formation,

acidification, eutrophication3. Biodiversity etc. → additional environmental information

3d) Selecting Environmental Footprint Impact Categories 3rd

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3d) Selecting Environmental Footprint Impact Categories

RULES (2nd draft):• Additional environmental information to be be reported: Information

about net sequestration of biogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) at forestry may be included in the study

COMMENTS:1. Additional environmental information:

• No preselected list of information (3); • CO2 sequestration is not additional environmental information (3)• Add traceability of wood (3) • Add sustainable forest management certificate (3)• Resource indicators such as Cumulative Energy Demand (1)

CHANGES DONE:1. Added: traceability and control of wood; total water consumption; energy

consumption ; impacts on biodiversity & temporal storage

Additional Environmental Information (34) The reporting of additional environmental information is voluntary. The

additional information shall be reported separately from the life-cycle basedProduct Environmental Footprint (PEF) results, with all methods and assumptions clearly documented.

(35) The following additional environmental information shall be included:• Description of how traceability and control of wood is taken care by the pulp mill.• Total water consumption.• Total energy consumption by primary energy source, separately accounting for

“renewable” energy use.

(36) The following additional environmental information may be included:• Description of significant impacts of activities, products, and services on

biodiversity in protected areas and areas of high biodiversity value outsideprotected.

• Credits associated with temporary storage, delayed emissions, and substitution

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Discussion

Paper PFCR1. Definitions of product group2. Defining the Goal(s) of the Product Environmental Footprint Study3. Defining the Scope of the Product Environmental Footprint Study4. Compiling and Recording the Resource use and Compiling and

Recording the Resource use and Emissions Profilea) Screening phaseb) Sources of Resource Use and Emissions Profile Datac) Nomenclatured) Data collectiond) Data quality requirementsf) Allocation rules (handling multi-functional processes)g) Data collection template

5. Environmental footprint Impact Assessment6. Interpretation of Product Environmental Footprint Results7. Product Environmental Footprint Reports8. Product Environmental Footprint ReviewTerms and definitionsAnnex 1-4

4 a) Screening phase

RULES (2nd draft):(31) The organization shall use a screening step to identify relevant processes. The

screening study can help focus data collection activities and data quality priorities for the actual Resource Use and Emissions Profile. At least “basic quality” data shall be used to identify relevant processes.

COMMENTS (5)1. Screening process can't be required for each product and company, but should

be done on association/sector level and results could be the basis for defining the relevant processes for product groups.

2. Clear guidance about relevant processes should be provided.3. Relevant processes are defined in PCRs and covered in the three different

modules of upstream, core and downstream process.

CHANGES DONE:1. Updated based on PEF2. Updated based on PEF 3. We are still considering different options

4 a) Screening phase

(38) The organization shall use a screening step to identify the most environmentally significant processes or activities accounting for at least 70% of contributions to each environmental footprint impact category. An initial “screening-level” Resource Use and Emissions Profile shall be constructed using generic data, and environmental footprint impact assessment methods applied. At least “fair quality” data shall be used to identify the environmentally significant processes. The data selection process shall further be documented and be subject to review.

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4b) Sources of Resource Use & Emissions Profile Data GENERAL RULES (2nd draft):(33) All environmentally inputs and outputs associated with the life cycle

stages included in the defined system boundaries shall be included in the Resource Use and Emissions Profile. The inputs and outputs of all activities under normal operating conditions shall be included while not accidents, machine damages, spills and the like. To establish whether or not a certain input or output is environmentally relevant, cut-off rules shall be applied.

COMMENTS:1. PFCR would include an agreed list of relevant inputs and outputs and cut-

off rules for the (sub)sector

CHANGES DONE:1. Text is the same (41), but the structure is improved to make it more user-

friendly

4b) Sources of Resource Use and Emissions Profile Data

ADDITIONAL RULES (2nd draft):(34) Accounting for Renewable Electricity Generation(36) Accounting for temporary carbon storage and delayed

emissions

COMMENTS:1. Accounting for Renewable Electricity Generation: how to

handle sold electricity (6)2. Temporal carbon storage and delayed emissions? (6)

CHANGES DONE:1. Accounting for Renewable Electricity Generation → allocation

rules added2. Temporal carbon storage added to the additional

environmental information

4b) Sources of Resource Use and Emissions Profile Data ADDITIONAL RULES (2nd draft):(37) Land Use (additional considerations for documenting

greenhouse gas emissions(38) Long-term emissions

COMMENTS: 1. Land use: data & methodology (5)2. Long-term emissions (4)

CHANGES DONE:1. Land use is part is decided at the PEF level. 2. Long-term emissions relates to the data and nomeclature. If

it is unclear it can be deleate

4b) Sources of Resource Use and Emissions Profile Data

ADDITIONAL RULES (2nd draft):(39) Transport scenario(40) Nomenclature+ integrated mill case from the system boundary

COMMENTS:1. Transportation & data availability (17)2. Nomenclature: not needed & Nomenclature should be provided

within this document, at least for the most relevant flow (5)3. Integrated mill case (15)

CHANGES DONE:1. Transportation rules divided into shall and should + infrastructure 2. Nomenclature: this is still partly under consideration3. Integrated pulp and paper mill: same figure may be used

4b) Sources of Resource Use and Emissions Profile Data (1/3)

(42) Integrated pulp and paper mill → may reported together

(43) Waste flows → shall be modelled until the related elementary flowscross the system boundary. This is the same as for any other process in the system.

(44) Modelling of Transportation: • Transport type + Transport distance shall be included in the

transportation scenario• Vehicle type and fuel consumption+Loading rate+ Number of empty

returns should be included in the transportation scenario

(45) Modelling of distribution and storage processes → See Modelling of transportation.

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(46) Modelling of waste management of transport packaging → shall bedone based on scenarios for the relevant market.

(47) Accounting for Renewable Electricity Generation → may only becredited to the product system if the credit has not been taken in otherproduct related schemes

(48) Accounting for temporary carbon storage and delayed emissions– shall not be considered in the calculations– may be discussed in the context of additional environmental

information

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(49) Additional considerations for documenting greenhouse gas emissionsand removals– Fossil and biogenic emissio shall be reported separately for both

fossil and biogenic sources. – greenhouse gas emissions from land use change shall be allocated

to products for 20 years after the land use change occurs using the IPCC default values table

(50) Long-term emissions as defined in the ILCD Handbook

(52) Nomenclature → Classification of inputs and outputs, nomenclature and assignment of flow properties, unit groups, and units shall be done based on ILCD reference format

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Discussion

4d) Data collection & data qualityrequirements

RULES (2nd draft):Specific data shall be obtained for all significant/relevant foreground processes. Specific data should be used also for significant background processes where possible. At least “good quality” data shall be used to model foreground processes.

COMMENTS (92):1. Lack of user friendliness: chosen approach, structure... (15)2. Foreground processes and background processes not clearly defined (2)

CHANGES DONE:1. Structure changed 2. Foreground and background processes explained. Should it be

mentioned somewhere else as well? Now row 54.

4d) Data collection (54) The production of pulp, paper and paperboard shall be modelled as a foreground system and other life-cycle stages as background systems. The foreground in this PFCR is the same as the core processes (production of pulp, paper and paperboard). Background refers to the upstream and downstreamprocesses.

(55) Specific data shall be obtained for all significant/relevant foregroundprocesses. Generic or extrapolated data shall be used for data gaps. Suchprocesses (including generic data gaps) shall not account for more than 10% of the overall contribution to each impact category considered based on the initial screening phase.

(56) Generic data shall be used only if data for a specific process are unavailable, not significant, or refer to a process in the background system... shall be documented. The selection of data source shall depend on the required data quality levels (see data quality requirements for generic data in Table 6). Generic data shallbe sourced in the following order of priority from: 1-5 If necessary data cannot befound in the sources listed, other sources may be used.

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Discussion

4d) Data quality requirements (1/3)

RULES (2nd draft):• Priority list of data sources: 1) ELCD... • Elementary flows shall be modelled as individual substances /

interventions rather than as measured indicators.

COMMENTS:1. Generic databases: ELCD is not updated, ranking of databases (5)2. Measured indicators: AOX (10)3. Too strict (8)

CHANGES DONE:1. Misunderstanding..2. Measured indicators: replace shall with should and provide brake

down formulas asap, only when possible and necessary3. Rules have been updated based on the comments and updates of

PEF


RULES (2nd draft):• For electricity consumed during the use phase, the energy mix shall

reflect ratios of sales between countries.• Data shall represent the situation assuming that no major changes have

taken place in the process over the years.

COMMENTS:1. Electricity: European average electricity supply mix to be used; country-

specific mix vs. specific data (10)2. "time related" & “major change”?? (4)

CHANGES DONE:1. « Average market consumption mix data shall be used«.. Additional

rules for type of data will be given!! 2. A clarification added: “A major change is a change that would

significantly change the results of the study, for example changing 10% contribution to at least one of the impact categories specified as mandatory to report.“


RULES (2nd draft):Data collection template is useful for organizing data collection activities

and results while compiling the Resource Use and Emissions Profile. See an example of a data collection template in Annex 4.

COMMENTS:1. “Methodological Appropriateness” missing (2)2. data collection template (2)

CHANGES DONE:1. “Methodological Appropriateness” added2. No changes at the moment, but we try to improve it for the final

version

4d) Data quality requirements/ GENERAL RULES

(57) All the data shall fulfil the following elements:1. Method: Completion of Resource Use and Emissions Profile shall be done

according to this PFCR document;2. Documentation: Documentation shall be in compliance with ILCD format 3. Nomenclature: ILCD nomenclature shall be applied4. Review: Whenever a review is necessary based on the intended application of

the PEF study, this review shall be carried out by "qualified reviewer" 5. Data quality:

a) The most significant processes: The semi-quantitative data quality assessment shall be conducted for the most significant processes up to 70%. --> A semi-quantitative assessment of data quality

b) Significant processes: For the significant processes from 70% to 90% only a pure qualitatively expert based judgement of data quality shall be conducted.

c) Less significant processes: For the "remaining data" above those 90%, the best available data shall be used.

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Overall data quality rating (for the most significant processes only!)(58) The overall data quality shall be calculated by summing up the

achieved quality rating for each of the quality component. The Data Quality Rating result is used to identify the corresponding quality level in Table 4.

4d) Data quality requirements/ GENERAL RULES

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59) Additional data quality requirements regarding the use of specific data are specified in Table 5. Other additional requirements are:

1. The period for the measurements shall be based on the average data from the previous year. In case of a new or a rebuilt production plant, the measurements shall be based on at least 45 subsequent days of stable running of the plant. If the production of modelled products is running in campaigns shorter than 45 days, averages from more than one campaign during a longer period may be used if the total average for several short campaigns is based on samples from at least 45 days.

4d) Data quality requirements/ADDITIONAL RULES FOR SPECIFIC DATA (1/3)

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2. The 45 days period of measurement may also apply to process changes whenever process changes have been implemented to improve the environmental impact of the production.

3. When using data specific to one year, it shall be ensured that this year is representative of the mill operation. The latest data may be compared with a three year average; any data points that are not representative can be identified and corrected.


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4. Data shall not be older than three years. Data shallrepresent the situation assuming that no major changes have taken place in the process over the years. A major change is a change that would significantly change the results of the study, for example changing 10% contribution to at least one of the impact categories specified as mandatory to report.

5. Elementary flows shall be modelled as individual substances / interventions rather than as measured indicators. Such measured and grouped elementary flows are not suitable for a subsequent impact assessment and can cause large bias in the results, either exaggerating or underestimating the real impact potential.


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4d) Data quality requirements/ADDITIONAL RULES FOR GENERIC DATA

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(60) Data quality requirements for generic data are specified in Table 6. Other additional requirements are: • Technical:

– Average technology as market consumption mix data shall be used, e.g. Electricity.

• Geographical:– Average market consumption mix data shall be used– For electricity consumed during the production phase, country-

specific consumption mix data shall be used. – Data shall be representative for the site/region where the respective

process is taking place. The geographic boundary is determined by the location of manufacturersand of the product group.

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Discussion

4e) Allocation rules RULES (2nd draft):(65) Allocation of emissions from CHP systems (allocation Based on a

Relevant Physical Relationship) → The simplified "efficiency" method shall be used.

(70) The "recyclability substitution” approach (System expansion) shall be used for allocating emissions in end-of-life management. The approach applies fully analogously to production waste, open-loop recycling, energy recovery from waste incineration and landfilling, parts reuse.

COMMENTS:1. CHP: Allocation according to the energy content method (5)2. Recycling: cycling approach should be assessed more carefully (5)

CHANGES DONE:1. WRI/WBCSD gave clear recommendations for different allocation decisions

regarding CHP 2. "recyclability substitution” is defined at PEF level

4e) Allocation rules (1/2)

(65) Allocation of emissions from CHP systems → The simplified "efficiency" method shall be used.

(66) Allocation of impacts from production between co-product → allocated among the various outputs by using a relevant physical relationship (mass based).

(67) Allocation of impacts from off-site woodchips production→ based on a relevant physical relationship (mass based).

(68) Allocation of impacts from transport between co-products → based on the distance and the volume of transported products.

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4e) Allocation rules (2/2)

(69) Allocation of impacts for/from use of reused and recycled materials → The "recyclability substitution” approach

(70) Waste management and end-of-life management → The "recyclability substitution” approach shall be used for production waste, open-loop recycling, energy recovery from waste incineration and landfilling, parts reuse.

(71) Other multi-functionality problems → the following multi-functionality decision hierarchy shall be applied (see also Figure 2):

1. Subdivision2. System expansion3. Allocation based on a relevant physical relationship (mass based)4. Economic allocation

All choices shall be reported and justified

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4g) Data collection template

RULES (2nd draft):Data collection template is useful for organizing data collection activities and results while compiling the Resource Use and Emissions Profile. See an example of a data collection template in Annex 4.

COMMENTS:1. Annex 4 could be more specific for paper (2)

CHANGES DONE:1. No changes done, but this section will be improved

4g) Data collection template

(77) Data collection template is useful for organizing data collection activities and results while compiling the Resource Use and Emissions Profile. See an example of a data collection template in Annex 4.

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Paper PFCR

1. Definitions of product group2. Defining the Goal(s) of the Product Environmental Footprint Study3. Defining the Scope of the Product Environmental Footprint Study4. Compiling and Recording the Resource use and Compiling and Recording the

Resource use and Emissions Profile5. Environmental footprint Impact Assessment6. Interpretation of Product Environmental Footprint Results7. Product Environmental Footprint Reports8. Product Environmental Footprint ReviewTerms and definitionsAnnex 1-4

5. Environmental footprint Impact Assessment

All inputs/outputs tabulated during the compilation of the Resource Use and Emissions Profile shall beassigned to the environmental footprint impact categories to which they contribute (“classification”).

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CharacterisationAll classified inputs/outputs in each environmental footprintimpact category shall be assigned characterization factorsrepresenting the contribution per unit input/output to the category. Environmental footprint impact assessment resultsshall subsequently be calculated for each category by multiplying the amount of each input/output by itscharacterization factor and summing contributions of all inputs/outputs within each category to a single measureexpressed in the appropriate reference unit.


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NormalizationNormalization is not a required step for Organisation Environmental Footprint studies. If normalization is applied, the normalized environmental footprint results shall becalculated using the provided normalization factors. Othernormalization factors can be used in addition to thoseprovided and the results be reported under “additionalenvironmental information”.

Normalized results shall not be aggregated as this implicitlyapplies a weighting factor (i.e. one).

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NOT MANDATORY !


WeightingIf weighting is applied, the environmental footprint resultsshall be multiplied by the weighting factors provided. Otherweighting factors can be used in addition to those provided. Weighted results shall be reported as “additionalenvironmental information, with all methods and assumptiondocumented. Results of the environmental footprint impact assessment prior to weighting have to be reported alongsideweighted results. .

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NOT MANDATORY !

8. Interpretation of Product Environmental Footprint results (1/2)

8.2 Identification of Significant Issues Significant methodological issues shall be evaluated using a combination of completeness, sensitivity and consistencychecks as appropriate. Product Environmental Footprintresults shall subsequently be evaluated to assess supplychain hotspots/weak points on input/output, process, and supply chain stage bases and to assess improvementpotentials.

8.3 Estimating UncertaintyA qualitative description of uncertainties shall be provided.

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8.4 Conclusions, Recommendations and Limitations Conclusions, recommendations and limitations shall bedescribed in accordance with the defined goals and scope of the Product Environmental Footprint study. Product Environmental Footprint studies intended to support comparative assertions (i.e. claims about the environmentalsuperiority or equivalence of organisations compared to otherorganisations) cannot be made on the basis of studies usingonly the PEF general guide but rather shall be based both on this PEF guidance and related Product Footprint CategoryRules (PFCRs).

8. Interpretation of Product Environmental Footprint results (2/2)

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9. Product Environmental Footprint Reports

The study report shall include, at a minimum, an Executive Summary, a Technical Summary, the Main Report, Annexes, and any other necessary supportinginformation.

9.2.1 First element: Executive Summary9.2.2 Second element: Technical Summary9.2.3 Third element: Main Report 9.2.4 Fourth element: Annex9.2.5 Fifth element: Confidential report

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10. Product Environmental Footprint Review

10.2 Review Type The study shall be reviewed by an independent and qualified external reviewer (or revie team.) A study intendedto support a comparative assertion shall be reviewed by an independent external reviewer together with a stakeholderpanel.

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10. Product Environmental Footprint Review

10.3 Reviewer Qualification A review of the Product Environmental Footprint study shall beconducted as per the requirements of the intended application. Unless otherwise specified, the minimum necessary score to qualifyas a reviewer is 6 points, including at least one point for each of the three mandatory criteria (i.e.verification and audit practice, LCA methodology and practice, and technologies or other activitiesrelevant to the Product Environmental Footprint study). Reviewers or panels of reviewers must provide a self-declaration of theirqualifications, stating how many points they achieved for eachcriterion.

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