Development of a disease model - Europa · Development of a disease model: WP5 and WP6 report...

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Development of a disease model Deliverable 2: Part 2 of 2 EConDA Project number: 20121213 Part 2of deliverable 2 contains: Development of a disease model: WP5 and WP6 report appendices related to deliverable 2: 1. A1 Bulgaria disease references 2. A2 Finland disease references 3. A3 Greece disease references 4. A4 Lithuania disease references 5. A5 Netherlands disease references 6. A6 Poland disease references 7. A7 Portugal disease references 8. A8 UK disease references 9. E2 Netherlands BMI-group and smoking projections by education 10. E3 Finland BMI-group and smoking projections by education 11. E4 Lithuania BMI-group and smoking projections by education 12. E5 Poland BMI-group projections by education 13. E6 Portugal BMI-group and smoking projections by education 14. E7 UK BMI-group and smoking projections by education 15. E8 Population Distribution 60+ 16. E9 PersonEditor Smoking examples This deliverable arises from the EConDA project which has received funding from the European Union, in the framework of the Health Programme.

Transcript of Development of a disease model - Europa · Development of a disease model: WP5 and WP6 report...

Page 1: Development of a disease model - Europa · Development of a disease model: WP5 and WP6 report appendices related to deliverable 2: 1. A1 Bulgaria disease references 2. A2 Finland

Development of a disease model

Deliverable 2: Part 2 of 2

EConDA Project number: 20121213

Part 2of deliverable 2 contains:

Development of a disease model: WP5 and WP6 report appendices related to deliverable 2:

1. A1 Bulgaria disease references

2. A2 Finland disease references

3. A3 Greece disease references

4. A4 Lithuania disease references

5. A5 Netherlands disease references

6. A6 Poland disease references

7. A7 Portugal disease references

8. A8 UK disease references

9. E2 Netherlands BMI-group and smoking projections by education 10. E3 Finland BMI-group and smoking projections by education 11. E4 Lithuania BMI-group and smoking projections by education 12. E5 Poland BMI-group projections by education 13. E6 Portugal BMI-group and smoking projections by education 14. E7 UK BMI-group and smoking projections by education 15. E8 Population Distribution 60+ 16. E9 PersonEditor Smoking examples

This deliverable arises from the EConDA project which has received funding from the

European Union, in the framework of the Health Programme.

Page 2: Development of a disease model - Europa · Development of a disease model: WP5 and WP6 report appendices related to deliverable 2: 1. A1 Bulgaria disease references 2. A2 Finland

Appendix A1. Bulgaria disease reference list

Table 1.1 Data sources

Incidence Prevalence Remission Survival Mortality Direct costs Indirect costs Utility weights

CHD Lithuania proxy (per comm Vilma

Kriaucioniene)

(Vassilevsky et al., 2007)

n/a Estimated from mortality and

prevalence

(National Statistical Institute

(Republic of Bulgaria), 2013)

(Nichols et al., 2012)

(Nichols et al., 2012)

NL proxy (Vemer and Rutten-van Molken, 2010)

COPD Lithuania proxy (per comm Vilma

Kriaucioniene)

(European Health Interview Survey

(EHIS), 2008)

Estimated from mortality and

prevalence

(National Statistical Institute

(Republic of Bulgaria), 2013)

NL proxy (Suijkerbuijk et al.,

2013)

UK proxy (Flack et al., 2007)

NL proxy (Vemer and Rutten-van Molken, 2010)

IGT/IFG Estimated in programme

(International Diabetes

Federation, 2014)

(Bertram and Vos, 2010)

n/a n/a Assumption (zero) Assumption (zero) Assumption (1.0)

Diabetes Greece proxy (Panagiotakos et

al., 2008)& Brown M & Jaccard A

2015)

(International Diabetes

Federation, 2014)

n/a n/a n/a (International Diabetes

Federation, 2014)

(International Diabetes

Federation, 2014)

UK proxy (Sullivan et al., 2011)

Stroke (Powles et al., 2002)

- n/a Estimated from incidence and

mortality

(World Health Organisation,

2008)

(Nichols et al., 2012)

(Nichols et al., 2012)

NL proxy (Vemer and Rutten-van Molken, 2010)

Hypertension Estimated from prevalence (Brown

M 2015)

(European Health Interview Survey

(EHIS), 2008)

n/a n/a n/a NL proxy (Polder et al., 2002)

NL proxy (Polder et al., 2002)

UK proxy (Sullivan et al., 2011)

Page 3: Development of a disease model - Europa · Development of a disease model: WP5 and WP6 report appendices related to deliverable 2: 1. A1 Bulgaria disease references 2. A2 Finland

Table. Relative risk references

Relative risk: smoking Relative risk: BMI

Diseases

CHD (A Dynamic Model for

Health Impact Assessment (DYNAMO-HIA), 2015)

(Lobstein and Leach, 2010)

COPD (A Dynamic Model for

Health Impact Assessment (DYNAMO-HIA), 2015)

N/A

IGT N/A Estimated from

Prevend (Jaccard A 2015)

Diabetes N/A Estimated from

Prevend (Jaccard A 2015)

Stroke (A Dynamic Model for

Health Impact Assessment (DYNAMO-HIA), 2015)

(Lobstein and Leach, 2010)

Hypertension Halperin 2008

Page 4: Development of a disease model - Europa · Development of a disease model: WP5 and WP6 report appendices related to deliverable 2: 1. A1 Bulgaria disease references 2. A2 Finland

A DYNAMIC MODEL FOR HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT (DYNAMO-HIA). 2015. United Kingdom vs2.0.6.zip [Online]. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment. Available: http://www.dynamo-hia.eu/ [Accessed 15/11/2014.

BERTRAM, M. Y. & VOS, T. 2010. Quantifying the duration of pre-diabetes. Aust N Z J Public Health, 34, 311-4. EUROPEAN HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY (EHIS). 2008. Prevalence of chronic diseases and their risk factors [Online]. Available:

http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/statistics/search_database [Accessed 2015. FLACK, S., TAYLOR, M. & TRUEMAN, P. 2007. Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions for Smoking Cessation Final Report. In: NICE (ed.). York: University of York. INTERNATIONAL DIABETES FEDERATION. 2014. IDF Diabetes Atlas [Online]. Available: https://www.idf.org/sites/default/files/Atlas-poster-2014_EN.pdf

[Accessed 28/08/2015. LOBSTEIN, T. & LEACH, R. J. 2010. Workpackage 7: Overweight and Obesity Report on data collection for overweight and obesity prevalence and related

relative risks. In: DYNAMO-HIA (ed.). International association for the study of obesity. NATIONAL STATISTICAL INSTITUTE (REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA). 2013. CHD Mortality [Online]. Sofia. Available: http://www.nsi.bg/en. NICHOLS, M., TOWNSEND, N., SCARBOROUGH, P., RAYNER, M., LEAL, J., LUENGO-FERNANDEZ, R. & GRAY, A. 2012. European cardiovascular disease

statistics. In: LOGSTRUP, S. & O'KELLY, S. (eds.). Brussels and Sophia Antipolis: European Heart Network and European Society of Cardiology. PANAGIOTAKOS, D. B., PITSAVOS, C., SKOUMAS, Y., LENTZAS, Y. & STEFANADIS, C. 2008. Five-year incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among

cardiovascular disease-free Greek adults: findings from the ATTICA study. Vasc Health Risk Manag, 4, 691-8. POLDER, J., TAKKEN, J., MEERDING, W. J., KOMMER, G. J. & STOKX, L. J. 2002. Cost of illness tool [Online]. Bilthoven: National Institute for Health and

Environment (RIVM). Available: https://kostenvanziektentool.volksgezondheidenzorg.info/tool/english/ 2015]. POWLES, J., KIROV, P., FESCHIEVA, N., STANOEV, M. & ATANASOVA, V. 2002. Stroke in urban and rural populations in north-east Bulgaria: incidence and

case fatality findings from a 'hot pursuit' study. BMC Public Health, 2, 24. SUIJKERBUIJK, A. W., DE WIT, G. A., WIJGA, A. H., HEIJMANS, M., HOOGENDOORN, M., RUTTEN-VAN MOLKEN, M., MAURITS, E. E., HOOGENVEEN, R. T. &

FEENSTRA, T. L. 2013. [Societal costs of asthma, COPD and respiratory allergy]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd, 157, A6562. SULLIVAN, P. W., SLEJKO, J. F., SCULPHER, M. J. & GHUSHCHYAN, V. 2011. Catalogue of EQ-5D Scores for the United Kingdom. Med Decis Making, 31, 800-

804. TAJIMA, R., KONDO, M., KAI, H., SAITO, C., OKADA, M., TAKAHASHI, H., DOI, M., TSURUOKA, S. & YAMAGATA, K. 2010. Measurement of health-related

quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease in Japan with EuroQol (EQ-5D). Clin Exp Nephrol, 14, 340-8. VASSILEVSKY, N., IVANOV, L., TSOLOVA, G. & DIMITROV, P. 2007. National behavioural risk factor survey among population aged 25-64, 2007. Bulgarian

Journal of Public Health, Supp 1. VEMER, P. & RUTTEN-VAN MOLKEN, M. P. 2010. Crossing borders: factors affecting differences in cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions

between European countries. Value Health, 13, 230-41. WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION. 2008. Disease and injury country estimates [Online]. Available:

http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/estimates_country/en/ 2015].

Page 5: Development of a disease model - Europa · Development of a disease model: WP5 and WP6 report appendices related to deliverable 2: 1. A1 Bulgaria disease references 2. A2 Finland

Appendix A2. Finland disease reference list

Table 1.1 Data sources

Incidence Prevalence Survival Mortality Direct costs Indirect costs Utility weights

Diseases CHD (National Institute

for Health and Welfare);

(National Institute for Health and Welfare)

Survival derived from mortality & prevalence

(National Institute for Health and Welfare);

(Nichols et al., 2012) (Nichols et al., 2012) NL Proxy (Vemer and Rutten-van Molken,

2010) COPD Finland

T2000/T2011 study, Perez Ferrer C 2015

Finland T200/T2011 Study Perez Ferrer C

2015

Survival derived from mortality & prevalence

(World Health Organisation, 2008, Mattila et al., 2015)

NL Proxy (Suijkerbuijk et al., 2013)

UK proxy (Flack et al., 2007)

NL Proxy (Vemer and Rutten-van Molken,

2010) IGT/IFG Calculated within

programme (International

Diabetes Federation, 2014)

N/A N/A NL Proxy (Expert opinion by Dr. Hans

van Hateren, GP with a special focus on

diabetes (Hardenberg))

Assumption (zero) Assumption (1.0)

Diabetes Sweden Proxy then derived using Brown

M method

(International Diabetes Federation,

2014)

N/A N/A (International Diabetes Federation,

2014)

NL Proxy (International

Diabetes Federation, 2014)

UK proxy (Sullivan et al., 2011)

Stroke (National Institute

for Health and

Welfare)

WHO prevalence estimates from

2000;(Truelsen et al., 2006).

Derived from mortality & incidence

(National Institute for Health and Welfare)

(Nichols et al., 2012, Polder et al., 2002)

(Nichols et al., 2012) NL Proxy (Vemer and Rutten-van Molken,

2010)

Hypertension Incidence calculated from prevalence using single state

transition

(National Institute for Health and Welfare)

N/A N/A NL Proxy (Polder et al., 2002)

NL Proxy (Nichols et al., 2012)

UK proxy (Sullivan et al., 2011)

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Table. Relative risk references

Relative risk: smoking Relative risk: BMI

Diseases

CHD (A Dynamic Model for

Health Impact Assessment (DYNAMO-HIA), 2015)

(Lobstein and Leach, 2010)

COPD (A Dynamic Model for

Health Impact Assessment (DYNAMO-HIA), 2015)

N/A

IGT N/A Estimated from

Prevend (Jaccard A 2015)

Diabetes N/A Estimated from

Prevend (Jaccard A 2015)

Stroke (A Dynamic Model for

Health Impact Assessment (DYNAMO-HIA), 2015)

(Lobstein and Leach, 2010)

Hypertension Halperin 2008

Page 7: Development of a disease model - Europa · Development of a disease model: WP5 and WP6 report appendices related to deliverable 2: 1. A1 Bulgaria disease references 2. A2 Finland

A DYNAMIC MODEL FOR HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT (DYNAMO-HIA). 2015. United Kingdom vs2.0.6.zip [Online]. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment. Available: http://www.dynamo-hia.eu/ [Accessed 15/11/2014.

FLACK, S., TAYLOR, M. & TRUEMAN, P. 2007. Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions for Smoking Cessation Final Report. In: NICE (ed.). York: University of York. INTERNATIONAL DIABETES FEDERATION. 2014. IDF Diabetes Atlas [Online]. Available: https://www.idf.org/sites/default/files/Atlas-poster-2014_EN.pdf

[Accessed 28/08/2015. LOBSTEIN, T. & LEACH, R. J. 2010. Workpackage 7: Overweight and Obesity Report on data collection for overweight and obesity prevalence and related

relative risks. In: DYNAMO-HIA (ed.). International association for the study of obesity. MATTILA, T., VASANKARI, T., KANERVISTO, M., LAITINEN, T., IMPIVAARA, O., RISSANEN, H., KNEKT, P., JOUSILAHTI, P., SAARELAINEN, S., PUUKKA, P. &

HELIOVAARA, M. 2015. Association between all-cause and cause-specific mortality and the GOLD stages 1-4: A 30-year follow-up among Finnish adults. Respir Med, 109, 1012-8.

NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH AND WELFARE. Disease statistics [Online]. Available: http://www3.thl.fi/stat/. NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH AND WELFARE. Health 2011 National Survey [Terveys 2011] [Online]. Available: http://www.terveys2011.info/ 2015]. NICHOLS, M., TOWNSEND, N., SCARBOROUGH, P., RAYNER, M., LEAL, J., LUENGO-FERNANDEZ, R. & GRAY, A. 2012. European cardiovascular disease

statistics. In: LOGSTRUP, S. & O'KELLY, S. (eds.). Brussels and Sophia Antipolis: European Heart Network and European Society of Cardiology. POLDER, J., TAKKEN, J., MEERDING, W. J., KOMMER, G. J. & STOKX, L. J. 2002. Cost of illness tool [Online]. Bilthoven: National Institute for Health and

Environment (RIVM). Available: https://kostenvanziektentool.volksgezondheidenzorg.info/tool/english/ 2015]. SUIJKERBUIJK, A. W., DE WIT, G. A., WIJGA, A. H., HEIJMANS, M., HOOGENDOORN, M., RUTTEN-VAN MOLKEN, M., MAURITS, E. E., HOOGENVEEN, R. T. &

FEENSTRA, T. L. 2013. [Societal costs of asthma, COPD and respiratory allergy]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd, 157, A6562. SULLIVAN, P. W., SLEJKO, J. F., SCULPHER, M. J. & GHUSHCHYAN, V. 2011. Catalogue of EQ-5D Scores for the United Kingdom. Med Decis Making, 31, 800-

804. TAJIMA, R., KONDO, M., KAI, H., SAITO, C., OKADA, M., TAKAHASHI, H., DOI, M., TSURUOKA, S. & YAMAGATA, K. 2010. Measurement of health-related

quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease in Japan with EuroQol (EQ-5D). Clin Exp Nephrol, 14, 340-8. TRUELSEN, T., PIECHOWSKI-JOZWIAK, B., BONITA, R., MATHERS, C., BOGOUSSLAVSKY, J. & BOYSEN, G. 2006. Stroke incidence and prevalence in Europe: a

review of available data. Eur J Neurol, 13, 581-98. VEMER, P. & RUTTEN-VAN MOLKEN, M. P. 2010. Crossing borders: factors affecting differences in cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions

between European countries. Value Health, 13, 230-41. WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION. 2008. Disease and injury country estimates [Online]. Available:

http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/estimates_country/en/ 2015].

Page 8: Development of a disease model - Europa · Development of a disease model: WP5 and WP6 report appendices related to deliverable 2: 1. A1 Bulgaria disease references 2. A2 Finland

Appendix A3. Greece disease reference list

Table 1.1 Data sources

Incidence Prevalence Survival Mortality Direct costs Indirect costs Utility weights

Diseases CHD Lithuania proxy (per

comm Vilma Kriaucioniene)

(Gikas et al., 2008) Derived from mortality and

prevalence

(World Health Organisation, 2008)

(Nichols et al., 2012, Polder et al., 2002)

Nichols (Nichols et al., 2012) (Polder et

al., 2002)

NL Proxy ((Vemer and Rutten-van Molken,

2010) COPD Lithuania proxy (per

comm Vilma Kriaucioniene)

Lithuania proxy (Health Behaviour among Lithuanian Adult Population,

2010)

Derived from mortality and

prevalence

(World Health Organisation, 2008)

NL Proxy (Suijkerbuijk et al., 2013)

UK proxy (Flack et al., 2007)

NL Proxy (Vemer and Rutten-van Molken,

2010)

IGT/IFG Computed within the programme

(International Diabetes Federation,

2014)

N/A N/A NL Proxy (Expert opinion by Dr. Hans

van Hateren, GP with a special focus on

diabetes (Hardenberg))

Assumption (zero) Assumption (1.0)

Diabetes M Brown method using (Panagiotakos

et al., 2008)

(International Diabetes Federation,

2014)

N/A N/A (International Diabetes Federation,

2014)

NL Proxy (International

Diabetes Federation, 2014)

UK proxy (Sullivan et al., 2011)

Stroke (Truelsen et al., 2006) (Truelsen et al., 2006) Derived from mortality and

prevalence

(World Health Organisation, 2008)

(Nichols et al., 2012)- (Polder et al., 2002)

(Nichols et al., 2012) NL Proxy (Vemer and Rutten-van Molken,

2010) Hypertension Derived from

prevalence using single stat transition

(European Health Interview Survey

(EHIS), 2008)

N/A N/A NL Proxy (Polder et al., 2002)

NL Proxy (Nichols et al., 2012)

UK proxy ((Sullivan et al., 2011)

Page 9: Development of a disease model - Europa · Development of a disease model: WP5 and WP6 report appendices related to deliverable 2: 1. A1 Bulgaria disease references 2. A2 Finland

Table. Relative risk references

Relative risk: smoking Relative risk: BMI

Diseases

CHD (A Dynamic Model for

Health Impact Assessment (DYNAMO-HIA), 2015)

(Lobstein and Leach, 2010)

COPD (A Dynamic Model for

Health Impact Assessment (DYNAMO-HIA), 2015)

N/A

IGT N/A Estimated from

Prevend (Jaccard A 2015)

Diabetes N/A Estimated from

Prevend (Jaccard A 2015)

Stroke (A Dynamic Model for

Health Impact Assessment (DYNAMO-HIA), 2015)

(Lobstein and Leach, 2010)

Hypertension Halperin 2008

Page 10: Development of a disease model - Europa · Development of a disease model: WP5 and WP6 report appendices related to deliverable 2: 1. A1 Bulgaria disease references 2. A2 Finland

A DYNAMIC MODEL FOR HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT (DYNAMO-HIA). 2015. United Kingdom vs2.0.6.zip [Online]. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment. Available: http://www.dynamo-hia.eu/ [Accessed 15/11/2014.

EUROPEAN HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY (EHIS). 2008. Prevalence of chronic diseases and their risk factors [Online]. Available: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/statistics/search_database [Accessed 2015.

FLACK, S., TAYLOR, M. & TRUEMAN, P. 2007. Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions for Smoking Cessation Final Report. In: NICE (ed.). York: University of York. GIKAS, A., SOTIROPOULOS, A., PANAGIOTAKOS, D., PASTROMAS, V., PAPAZAFIROPOULOU, A. & PAPPAS, S. 2008. Prevalence trends for myocardial

infarction and conventional risk factors among Greek adults (2002-06). QJM, 101, 705-12. INTERNATIONAL DIABETES FEDERATION. 2014. IDF Diabetes Atlas [Online]. Available: https://www.idf.org/sites/default/files/Atlas-poster-2014_EN.pdf

[Accessed 28/08/2015. LOBSTEIN, T. & LEACH, R. J. 2010. Workpackage 7: Overweight and Obesity Report on data collection for overweight and obesity prevalence and related

relative risks. In: DYNAMO-HIA (ed.). International association for the study of obesity. NICHOLS, M., TOWNSEND, N., SCARBOROUGH, P., RAYNER, M., LEAL, J., LUENGO-FERNANDEZ, R. & GRAY, A. 2012. European cardiovascular disease

statistics. In: LOGSTRUP, S. & O'KELLY, S. (eds.). Brussels and Sophia Antipolis: European Heart Network and European Society of Cardiology. PANAGIOTAKOS, D. B., PITSAVOS, C., SKOUMAS, Y., LENTZAS, Y. & STEFANADIS, C. 2008. Five-year incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among

cardiovascular disease-free Greek adults: findings from the ATTICA study. Vasc Health Risk Manag, 4, 691-8. POLDER, J., TAKKEN, J., MEERDING, W. J., KOMMER, G. J. & STOKX, L. J. 2002. Cost of illness tool [Online]. Bilthoven: National Institute for Health and

Environment (RIVM). Available: https://kostenvanziektentool.volksgezondheidenzorg.info/tool/english/ 2015]. SUIJKERBUIJK, A. W., DE WIT, G. A., WIJGA, A. H., HEIJMANS, M., HOOGENDOORN, M., RUTTEN-VAN MOLKEN, M., MAURITS, E. E., HOOGENVEEN, R. T. &

FEENSTRA, T. L. 2013. [Societal costs of asthma, COPD and respiratory allergy]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd, 157, A6562. SULLIVAN, P. W., SLEJKO, J. F., SCULPHER, M. J. & GHUSHCHYAN, V. 2011. Catalogue of EQ-5D Scores for the United Kingdom. Med Decis Making, 31, 800-

804. TRUELSEN, T., PIECHOWSKI-JOZWIAK, B., BONITA, R., MATHERS, C., BOGOUSSLAVSKY, J. & BOYSEN, G. 2006. Stroke incidence and prevalence in Europe: a

review of available data. Eur J Neurol, 13, 581-98. VEMER, P. & RUTTEN-VAN MOLKEN, M. P. 2010. Crossing borders: factors affecting differences in cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions

between European countries. Value Health, 13, 230-41. WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION. 2008. Disease and injury country estimates [Online]. Available:

http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/estimates_country/en/ 2015].

Page 11: Development of a disease model - Europa · Development of a disease model: WP5 and WP6 report appendices related to deliverable 2: 1. A1 Bulgaria disease references 2. A2 Finland

Appendix A4. Lithuania disease reference list

Table 1.1 Data sources

Incidence Prevalence Survival Mortality Direct costs Indirect costs Utility weights

Diseases CHD Personal

communication with Vilma Kriaucioniene

Health Behaviour among Lithuanian Adult Population

survey, 2012

Derived from mortality & prevalence

Personal communication with Vilma Kriaucioniene

(Nichols et al., 2012) (Nichols et al., 2012) (Polder et al., 2002)

NL Proxy (Vemer and Rutten-van Molken,

2010)

COPD Personal communication with Vilma Kriaucioniene

Health Behaviour among Lithuanian Adult Population

survey, 2012

Derived from mortality & prevalence

Personal communication with Vilma Kriaucioniene

NL proxy (Suijkerbuijk et al., 2013)

UK proxy (Flack et al., 2007)

NL Proxy (Vemer and Rutten-van Molken,

2010)

IGT/IFG Estimated in programme

(International Diabetes Federation,

2014)

N/A N/A NL Proxy (Expert opinion by Dr. Hans

van Hateren, GP with a special focus on

diabetes (Hardenberg))

Assumption (zero) Assumption (1.0)

Diabetes Personal communication with Vilma Kriaucioniene

(International Diabetes Federation,

2014)

N/A N/A (International Diabetes Federation,

2014)

NL Proxy (International

Diabetes Federation, 2014)

UK proxy (Sullivan et al., 2011)

Stroke (Truelsen et al., 2006) (Truelsen et al., 2006) Derived from mortality and

prevalence

(World Health Organisation, 2008)

NL Proxy (Hoogendoorn M et al

2006)

(Nichols et al., 2012) (Ayis et al., 2015)

Hypertension

Lithuanian national survey for health

behaviours

N/A N/A N/A NL Proxy (Polder et al., 2002)

NL Proxy (Nichols et al., 2012)

UK proxy (Sullivan et al., 2011)

Page 12: Development of a disease model - Europa · Development of a disease model: WP5 and WP6 report appendices related to deliverable 2: 1. A1 Bulgaria disease references 2. A2 Finland

Table. Relative risk references

Relative risk: smoking Relative risk: BMI

Diseases

CHD (A Dynamic Model for

Health Impact Assessment (DYNAMO-HIA), 2015)

(Lobstein and Leach, 2010)

COPD (A Dynamic Model for

Health Impact Assessment (DYNAMO-HIA), 2015)

N/A

IGT N/A Estimated from

Prevend (Jaccard A 2015)

Diabetes N/A Estimated from

Prevend (Jaccard A 2015)

Stroke (A Dynamic Model for

Health Impact Assessment (DYNAMO-HIA), 2015)

(Lobstein and Leach, 2010)

Hypertension Halperin 2008

Page 13: Development of a disease model - Europa · Development of a disease model: WP5 and WP6 report appendices related to deliverable 2: 1. A1 Bulgaria disease references 2. A2 Finland

A DYNAMIC MODEL FOR HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT (DYNAMO-HIA). 2015. United Kingdom vs2.0.6.zip [Online]. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment. Available: http://www.dynamo-hia.eu/ [Accessed 15/11/2014.

AYIS, S., WELLWOOD, I., RUDD, A. G., MCKEVITT, C., PARKIN, D. & WOLFE, C. D. 2015. Variations in Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and survival 1 year after stroke: five European population-based registers. BMJ Open, 5, e007101.

FLACK, S., TAYLOR, M. & TRUEMAN, P. 2007. Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions for Smoking Cessation Final Report. In: NICE (ed.). York: University of York. INTERNATIONAL DIABETES FEDERATION. 2014. IDF Diabetes Atlas [Online]. Available: https://www.idf.org/sites/default/files/Atlas-poster-2014_EN.pdf

[Accessed 28/08/2015. LOBSTEIN, T. & LEACH, R. J. 2010. Workpackage 7: Overweight and Obesity Report on data collection for overweight and obesity prevalence and related

relative risks. In: DYNAMO-HIA (ed.). International association for the study of obesity. NICHOLS, M., TOWNSEND, N., SCARBOROUGH, P., RAYNER, M., LEAL, J., LUENGO-FERNANDEZ, R. & GRAY, A. 2012. European cardiovascular disease

statistics. In: LOGSTRUP, S. & O'KELLY, S. (eds.). Brussels and Sophia Antipolis: European Heart Network and European Society of Cardiology. POLDER, J., TAKKEN, J., MEERDING, W. J., KOMMER, G. J. & STOKX, L. J. 2002. Cost of illness tool [Online]. Bilthoven: National Institute for Health and

Environment (RIVM). Available: https://kostenvanziektentool.volksgezondheidenzorg.info/tool/english/ 2015]. SUIJKERBUIJK, A. W., DE WIT, G. A., WIJGA, A. H., HEIJMANS, M., HOOGENDOORN, M., RUTTEN-VAN MOLKEN, M., MAURITS, E. E., HOOGENVEEN, R. T. &

FEENSTRA, T. L. 2013. [Societal costs of asthma, COPD and respiratory allergy]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd, 157, A6562. SULLIVAN, P. W., SLEJKO, J. F., SCULPHER, M. J. & GHUSHCHYAN, V. 2011. Catalogue of EQ-5D Scores for the United Kingdom. Med Decis Making, 31, 800-

804. TAJIMA, R., KONDO, M., KAI, H., SAITO, C., OKADA, M., TAKAHASHI, H., DOI, M., TSURUOKA, S. & YAMAGATA, K. 2010. Measurement of health-related

quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease in Japan with EuroQol (EQ-5D). Clin Exp Nephrol, 14, 340-8. TRUELSEN, T., PIECHOWSKI-JOZWIAK, B., BONITA, R., MATHERS, C., BOGOUSSLAVSKY, J. & BOYSEN, G. 2006. Stroke incidence and prevalence in Europe: a

review of available data. Eur J Neurol, 13, 581-98. VEMER, P. & RUTTEN-VAN MOLKEN, M. P. 2010. Crossing borders: factors affecting differences in cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions

between European countries. Value Health, 13, 230-41. WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION. 2008. Disease and injury country estimates [Online]. Available:

http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/estimates_country/en/ 2015].

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Appendix A5. Netherlands disease reference list

Table 1.1 Data sources

Incidence Prevalence Survival Mortality Direct costs Indirect costs Utility weights

Diseases CHD Pers comm Dr. Ineke

van Dis; Senior Policy Advisor

Pers comm Dr. Ineke van Dis; Senior Policy

Advisor

Derived from mortality & incidence

Pers comm Dr. Ineke van Dis; Senior Policy

Advisor

(Nichols et al., 2012, Polder et al., 2002)

(Nichols et al., 2012, Polder et al., 2002)

(Vemer and Rutten-van Molken, 2010)

COPD (Afonso et al., 2011) (Vanfleteren et al., 2012)

Derived from mortality & incidence

(World Health Organisation, 2008)

(Suijkerbuijk et al., 2013)

UK proxy (Flack et al., 2007)

(Vemer and Rutten-van Molken, 2010)

IGT/IFG Estimated from prevalence

(International Diabetes Federation,

2014)

n/a n/a Expert opinion by Dr. Hans van Hateren, GP

with a special focus on diabetes

(Hardenberg)

Assumption (zero) Assumption (1.0)

Diabetes (Ubink-Veltmaat et al., 2003)

(International Diabetes Federation,

2014)

n/a n/a (International Diabetes Federation,

2014)

(International Diabetes Federation, 2014, van der Heijden

et al., 2014)

UK proxy (Sullivan et al., 2011)

Stroke (Vaartjes et al., 2008) (Truelsen et al., 2006) Estimated from prevalence and

mortality

(World Health Organisation, 2008)

(Hoogendoorn M et al., 2006)

(Nichols et al., 2012, Polder et al., 2002)

(Vemer and Rutten-van Molken, 2010)

Hypertension Estimated from prevalence

Netherlands Morbidity Statistics

2011

n/a n/a (Polder et al., 2002) (Nichols et al., 2012, Polder et al., 2002)

UK proxy (Sullivan et al., 2011)

Page 15: Development of a disease model - Europa · Development of a disease model: WP5 and WP6 report appendices related to deliverable 2: 1. A1 Bulgaria disease references 2. A2 Finland

Table. Relative risk references

Relative risk: smoking Relative risk: BMI

Diseases

CHD (A Dynamic Model for

Health Impact Assessment (DYNAMO-HIA), 2015)

(Lobstein and Leach, 2010)

COPD (A Dynamic Model for

Health Impact Assessment (DYNAMO-HIA), 2015)

N/A

IGT N/A Estimated from

Prevend (Jaccard A 2015)

Diabetes N/A Estimated from

Prevend (Jaccard A 2015)

Stroke (A Dynamic Model for

Health Impact Assessment (DYNAMO-HIA), 2015)

(Lobstein and Leach, 2010)

Hypertension Halperin 2008

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A DYNAMIC MODEL FOR HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT (DYNAMO-HIA). 2015. United Kingdom vs2.0.6.zip [Online]. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment. Available: http://www.dynamo-hia.eu/ [Accessed 15/11/2014.

AFONSO, A. S., VERHAMME, K. M., STURKENBOOM, M. C. & BRUSSELLE, G. G. 2011. COPD in the general population: prevalence, incidence and survival. Respir Med, 105, 1872-84.

FLACK, S., TAYLOR, M. & TRUEMAN, P. 2007. Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions for Smoking Cessation Final Report. In: NICE (ed.). York: University of York. INTERNATIONAL DIABETES FEDERATION. 2014. IDF Diabetes Atlas [Online]. Available: https://www.idf.org/sites/default/files/Atlas-poster-2014_EN.pdf

[Accessed 28/08/2015. LOBSTEIN, T. & LEACH, R. J. 2010. Workpackage 7: Overweight and Obesity Report on data collection for overweight and obesity prevalence and related

relative risks. In: DYNAMO-HIA (ed.). International association for the study of obesity. NICHOLS, M., TOWNSEND, N., SCARBOROUGH, P., RAYNER, M., LEAL, J., LUENGO-FERNANDEZ, R. & GRAY, A. 2012. European cardiovascular disease

statistics. In: LOGSTRUP, S. & O'KELLY, S. (eds.). Brussels and Sophia Antipolis: European Heart Network and European Society of Cardiology. POLDER, J., TAKKEN, J., MEERDING, W. J., KOMMER, G. J. & STOKX, L. J. 2002. Cost of illness tool [Online]. Bilthoven: National Institute for Health and

Environment (RIVM). Available: https://kostenvanziektentool.volksgezondheidenzorg.info/tool/english/ 2015]. SUIJKERBUIJK, A. W., DE WIT, G. A., WIJGA, A. H., HEIJMANS, M., HOOGENDOORN, M., RUTTEN-VAN MOLKEN, M., MAURITS, E. E., HOOGENVEEN, R. T. &

FEENSTRA, T. L. 2013. [Societal costs of asthma, COPD and respiratory allergy]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd, 157, A6562. SULLIVAN, P. W., SLEJKO, J. F., SCULPHER, M. J. & GHUSHCHYAN, V. 2011. Catalogue of EQ-5D Scores for the United Kingdom. Med Decis Making, 31, 800-

804. TAJIMA, R., KONDO, M., KAI, H., SAITO, C., OKADA, M., TAKAHASHI, H., DOI, M., TSURUOKA, S. & YAMAGATA, K. 2010. Measurement of health-related

quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease in Japan with EuroQol (EQ-5D). Clin Exp Nephrol, 14, 340-8. TRUELSEN, T., PIECHOWSKI-JOZWIAK, B., BONITA, R., MATHERS, C., BOGOUSSLAVSKY, J. & BOYSEN, G. 2006. Stroke incidence and prevalence in Europe: a

review of available data. Eur J Neurol, 13, 581-98. UBINK-VELTMAAT, L. J., BILO, H. J., GROENIER, K. H., HOUWELING, S. T., RISCHEN, R. O. & MEYBOOM-DE JONG, B. 2003. Prevalence, incidence and mortality

of type 2 diabetes mellitus revisited: a prospective population-based study in The Netherlands (ZODIAC-1). Eur J Epidemiol, 18, 793-800. VAARTJES, I., REITSMA, J. B., DE BRUIN, A., BERGER-VAN SIJL, M., BOS, M. J., BRETELER, M. M., GROBBEE, D. E. & BOTS, M. L. 2008. Nationwide incidence of

first stroke and TIA in the Netherlands. Eur J Neurol, 15, 1315-23. VAN DER HEIJDEN, A. A., DE BRUIJNE, M. C., FEENSTRA, T. L., DEKKER, J. M., BAAN, C. A., BOSMANS, J. E., BOT, S. D., DONKER, G. A. & NIJPELS, G. 2014.

Resource use and costs of type 2 diabetes patients receiving managed or protocolized primary care: a controlled clinical trial. BMC Health Serv Res, 14, 280.

VANFLETEREN, L. E., FRANSSEN, F. M., WESSELING, G. & WOUTERS, E. F. 2012. The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Maastricht, the Netherlands. Respir Med, 106, 871-4.

VEMER, P. & RUTTEN-VAN MOLKEN, M. P. 2010. Crossing borders: factors affecting differences in cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions between European countries. Value Health, 13, 230-41.

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WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION. 2008. Disease and injury country estimates [Online]. Available: http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/estimates_country/en/ 2015].

Page 18: Development of a disease model - Europa · Development of a disease model: WP5 and WP6 report appendices related to deliverable 2: 1. A1 Bulgaria disease references 2. A2 Finland

Appendix A6. Poland disease reference list

Table 1.1 Data sources

Incidence Prevalence Survival Mortality Direct costs Indirect costs Utility weights

Diseases CHD Lithuania proxy (pers

comm Vilma Kriaucioniene)

Pers comm Zajenkowska-

Kozlowska, Alicja

survival derived from mortality & prevalence

(World Health Organisation, 2008)

(Nichols et al., 2012, Polder et al., 2002)

(Nichols et al., 2012, Polder et al., 2002)

NL proxy (Vemer and Rutten-van Molken,

2010)

COPD Lithuania proxy (pers comm Vilma

Kriaucioniene)

Pers comm Zajenkowska-

Kozlowska, Alicja

survival derived from mortality & prevalence

(World Health Organisation, 2008)

NL proxy (Suijkerbuijk et al., 2013)

UK proxy (Flack et al., 2007)

NL proxy (Vemer and Rutten-van Molken,

2010)

IFG/IGT Estimated within the programme

(International Diabetes Federation,

2014)

N/A N/A NL proxy (Expert opinion by Dr. Hans

van Hateren, GP with a special focus on

diabetes (Hardenberg)

Assumption (zero) Assumption (1.0)

Diabetes Brown M method using Greece Proxy

(International Diabetes Federation,

2014)

N/A N/A (International Diabetes Federation,

2014)

NL proxy (International

Diabetes Federation, 2014)

UK proxy(Sullivan et al., 2011))

Stroke (Truelsen et al., 2006) (Truelsen et al., 2006) Derived from mortality and

prevalence

(World Health Organisation, 2008)

(Nichols et al., 2012, Polder et al., 2002)

(Polder et al., 2002, Nichols et al., 2012)

(Ayis et al., 2015)

Hypertension Derived from prevalence using

single state transition

Pers comm Zajenkowska-

Kozlowska, Alicja

N/A n/a NL proxy (Polder et al., 2002)

NL proxy (Nichols et al., 2012)

UK proxy (Sullivan et al., 2011)

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Table. Relative risk references

Relative risk: smoking Relative risk: BMI

Diseases

CHD (A Dynamic Model for

Health Impact Assessment (DYNAMO-HIA), 2015)

(Lobstein and Leach, 2010)

COPD (A Dynamic Model for

Health Impact Assessment (DYNAMO-HIA), 2015)

N/A

IGT N/A Estimated from

Prevend (Jaccard A 2015)

Diabetes N/A Estimated from

Prevend (Jaccard A 2015)

Stroke (A Dynamic Model for

Health Impact Assessment (DYNAMO-HIA), 2015)

(Lobstein and Leach, 2010)

Hypertension Halperin 2008

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A DYNAMIC MODEL FOR HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT (DYNAMO-HIA). 2015. United Kingdom vs2.0.6.zip [Online]. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment. Available: http://www.dynamo-hia.eu/ [Accessed 15/11/2014.

AYIS, S., WELLWOOD, I., RUDD, A. G., MCKEVITT, C., PARKIN, D. & WOLFE, C. D. 2015. Variations in Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and survival 1 year after stroke: five European population-based registers. BMJ Open, 5, e007101.

FLACK, S., TAYLOR, M. & TRUEMAN, P. 2007. Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions for Smoking Cessation Final Report. In: NICE (ed.). York: University of York. INTERNATIONAL DIABETES FEDERATION. 2014. IDF Diabetes Atlas [Online]. Available: https://www.idf.org/sites/default/files/Atlas-poster-2014_EN.pdf

[Accessed 28/08/2015. LOBSTEIN, T. & LEACH, R. J. 2010. Workpackage 7: Overweight and Obesity Report on data collection for overweight and obesity prevalence and related

relative risks. In: DYNAMO-HIA (ed.). International association for the study of obesity. NICHOLS, M., TOWNSEND, N., SCARBOROUGH, P., RAYNER, M., LEAL, J., LUENGO-FERNANDEZ, R. & GRAY, A. 2012. European cardiovascular disease

statistics. In: LOGSTRUP, S. & O'KELLY, S. (eds.). Brussels and Sophia Antipolis: European Heart Network and European Society of Cardiology. POLDER, J., TAKKEN, J., MEERDING, W. J., KOMMER, G. J. & STOKX, L. J. 2002. Cost of illness tool [Online]. Bilthoven: National Institute for Health and

Environment (RIVM). Available: https://kostenvanziektentool.volksgezondheidenzorg.info/tool/english/ 2015]. SUIJKERBUIJK, A. W., DE WIT, G. A., WIJGA, A. H., HEIJMANS, M., HOOGENDOORN, M., RUTTEN-VAN MOLKEN, M., MAURITS, E. E., HOOGENVEEN, R. T. &

FEENSTRA, T. L. 2013. [Societal costs of asthma, COPD and respiratory allergy]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd, 157, A6562. SULLIVAN, P. W., SLEJKO, J. F., SCULPHER, M. J. & GHUSHCHYAN, V. 2011. Catalogue of EQ-5D Scores for the United Kingdom. Med Decis Making, 31, 800-

804. TAJIMA, R., KONDO, M., KAI, H., SAITO, C., OKADA, M., TAKAHASHI, H., DOI, M., TSURUOKA, S. & YAMAGATA, K. 2010. Measurement of health-related

quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease in Japan with EuroQol (EQ-5D). Clin Exp Nephrol, 14, 340-8. TRUELSEN, T., PIECHOWSKI-JOZWIAK, B., BONITA, R., MATHERS, C., BOGOUSSLAVSKY, J. & BOYSEN, G. 2006. Stroke incidence and prevalence in Europe: a

review of available data. Eur J Neurol, 13, 581-98. VEMER, P. & RUTTEN-VAN MOLKEN, M. P. 2010. Crossing borders: factors affecting differences in cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions

between European countries. Value Health, 13, 230-41. WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION. 2008. Disease and injury country estimates [Online]. Available:

http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/estimates_country/en/ 2015].

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Appendix A7. Portugal disease reference list

Table 1.1 Disease references

Incidence Prevalence Survival Mortality Direct costs Indirect costs Utility weights

Diseases CHD UK Proxy (Smolina et

al., 2012) UK proxy- MI prev

(Smolina et al., 2012) Derived from mortality and

incidence

(World Health Organisation, 2008)

(Nichols et al., 2012, Polder et al., 2002)

(Nichols et al., 2012, Polder et al., 2002)

NL Proxy (Vemer and Rutten-van Molken,

2010) COPD UK Proxy (Public

Health England, 2008)

(Barbara et al., 2013) Derived from mortality and

prevalence

(World Health Organisation, 2008)

NL proxy (Suijkerbuijk et al.,

2013)

UK proxy (Flack et al., 2007)

NL Proxy (Vemer and Rutten-van Molken,

2010) IGT/IFG Computed within

programme (International

Diabetes Federation, 2014)

N/A N/A NL Proxy (Expert opinion by Dr. Hans

van Hateren, GP with a special focus on

diabetes (Hardenberg))

Assumption (zero) Assumption (1.0)

Diabetes (Rodrigues et al., 2014)

(International Diabetes Federation,

2014)

N/A N/A (International Diabetes Federation,

2014)

NL Proxy (International

Diabetes Federation, 2014)

UK proxy (Sullivan et al., 2011)

Stroke (Truelsen et al., 2006)

(Truelsen et al., 2006)

Estimated from prevalence and

mortality

(World Health Organisation, 2008)

(Nichols et al., 2012, Polder et al., 2002)

(Nichols et al., 2012) NL Proxy (Vemer and Rutten-van Molken,

2010) Hypertension (Rodrigues et al.,

2014) E-cor study, pers

com Mafalda Bourbon & Ana Rito

N/A N/A NL Proxy (Polder et al., 2002)

NL Proxy (Nichols et al., 2012)

UK proxy (Sullivan et al 2011)

Page 22: Development of a disease model - Europa · Development of a disease model: WP5 and WP6 report appendices related to deliverable 2: 1. A1 Bulgaria disease references 2. A2 Finland

Table. Relative risk references

Relative risk: smoking Relative risk: BMI

Diseases

CHD (A Dynamic Model for

Health Impact Assessment (DYNAMO-HIA), 2015)

(Lobstein and Leach, 2010)

COPD (A Dynamic Model for

Health Impact Assessment (DYNAMO-HIA), 2015)

N/A

IGT N/A Estimated from

Prevend (Jaccard A 2015)

Diabetes N/A Estimated from

Prevend (Jaccard A 2015)

Stroke (A Dynamic Model for

Health Impact Assessment (DYNAMO-HIA), 2015)

(Lobstein and Leach, 2010)

Hypertension Halperin 2008

Page 23: Development of a disease model - Europa · Development of a disease model: WP5 and WP6 report appendices related to deliverable 2: 1. A1 Bulgaria disease references 2. A2 Finland

A DYNAMIC MODEL FOR HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT (DYNAMO-HIA). 2015. United Kingdom vs2.0.6.zip [Online]. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment. Available: http://www.dynamo-hia.eu/ [Accessed 15/11/2014.

BARBARA, C., RODRIGUES, F., DIAS, H., CARDOSO, J., ALMEIDA, J., MATOS, M. J., SIMAO, P., SANTOS, M., FERREIRA, J. R., GASPAR, M., GNATIUC, L. & BURNEY, P. 2013. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease prevalence in Lisbon, Portugal: the burden of obstructive lung disease study. Rev Port Pneumol, 19, 96-105.

FLACK, S., TAYLOR, M. & TRUEMAN, P. 2007. Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions for Smoking Cessation Final Report. In: NICE (ed.). York: University of York. INTERNATIONAL DIABETES FEDERATION. 2014. IDF Diabetes Atlas [Online]. Available: https://www.idf.org/sites/default/files/Atlas-poster-2014_EN.pdf

[Accessed 28/08/2015. LOBSTEIN, T. & LEACH, R. J. 2010. Workpackage 7: Overweight and Obesity Report on data collection for overweight and obesity prevalence and related

relative risks. In: DYNAMO-HIA (ed.). International association for the study of obesity. NICHOLS, M., TOWNSEND, N., SCARBOROUGH, P., RAYNER, M., LEAL, J., LUENGO-FERNANDEZ, R. & GRAY, A. 2012. European cardiovascular disease

statistics. In: LOGSTRUP, S. & O'KELLY, S. (eds.). Brussels and Sophia Antipolis: European Heart Network and European Society of Cardiology. POLDER, J., TAKKEN, J., MEERDING, W. J., KOMMER, G. J. & STOKX, L. J. 2002. Cost of illness tool [Online]. Bilthoven: National Institute for Health and

Environment (RIVM). Available: https://kostenvanziektentool.volksgezondheidenzorg.info/tool/english/ 2015]. PUBLIC HEALTH ENGLAND. 2008. Chronic disease prevalence by age, sex and region in 2008 [Online]. Available:

http://www.erpho.org.uk/viewResource.aspx?id=20574 2015]. RODRIGUES, A. P., SILVA, S., BATISTA, I. & NUNES, B. 2014. Medicos Sentinela: o que se fez em 2013. Lisbon: Instituto Nacional de Saude Doutor Ricardo

Jorge. SMOLINA, K., WRIGHT, F. L., RAYNER, M. & GOLDACRE, M. J. 2012. Determinants of the decline in mortality from acute myocardial infarction in England

between 2002 and 2010: linked national database study. BMJ 344. SUIJKERBUIJK, A. W., DE WIT, G. A., WIJGA, A. H., HEIJMANS, M., HOOGENDOORN, M., RUTTEN-VAN MOLKEN, M., MAURITS, E. E., HOOGENVEEN, R. T. &

FEENSTRA, T. L. 2013. [Societal costs of asthma, COPD and respiratory allergy]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd, 157, A6562. SULLIVAN, P. W., SLEJKO, J. F., SCULPHER, M. J. & GHUSHCHYAN, V. 2011. Catalogue of EQ-5D Scores for the United Kingdom. Med Decis Making, 31, 800-

804. TAJIMA, R., KONDO, M., KAI, H., SAITO, C., OKADA, M., TAKAHASHI, H., DOI, M., TSURUOKA, S. & YAMAGATA, K. 2010. Measurement of health-related

quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease in Japan with EuroQol (EQ-5D). Clin Exp Nephrol, 14, 340-8. TRUELSEN, T., PIECHOWSKI-JOZWIAK, B., BONITA, R., MATHERS, C., BOGOUSSLAVSKY, J. & BOYSEN, G. 2006. Stroke incidence and prevalence in Europe: a

review of available data. Eur J Neurol, 13, 581-98. VEMER, P. & RUTTEN-VAN MOLKEN, M. P. 2010. Crossing borders: factors affecting differences in cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions

between European countries. Value Health, 13, 230-41. WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION. 2008. Disease and injury country estimates [Online]. Available:

http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/estimates_country/en/ 2015].

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Page 25: Development of a disease model - Europa · Development of a disease model: WP5 and WP6 report appendices related to deliverable 2: 1. A1 Bulgaria disease references 2. A2 Finland

Appendix A8. UK disease reference list

Table 1.1 Data sources

Incidence Prevalence Survival Mortality Direct costs Indirect costs Utility weights

Diseases

CHD (Smolina et al., 2012) BHF CVD statistics,

2014

Derived from mortality & prevalence

(Office for National Statistics, 2010)

(Flack et al., 2007, Nichols et al., 2012)

(Nichols et al., 2012) (Vemer and Rutten-van Molken, 2010)

COPD Estimated from

prevalence HSE 2010 (UKHF

analysis) Computed

(Mattila et al., 2015, Office for National

Statistics, 2010) (Flack et al., 2007)

(Flack et al., 2007, Britton, 2003)

(Sullivan et al., 2011)

IGT/IFG Computed within

programme

(International Diabetes Federation,

2014) N/A N/A

NL Proxy (Expert opinion by Dr. Hans

van Hateren, GP with a special focus on

diabetes (Hardenberg))

Assumption zero Model assumption (1)

Diabetes

Personal communication Dr.

Craig Currie @ Cardiff Uni

(International Diabetes Federation,

2014) N/a N/A

(International Diabetes Federation,

2014)

NL proxy (International

Diabetes Federation, 2014)

(Sullivan et al., 2011)

Stroke BHF stroke statistics,

2009 BHF CVD statistics,

2014

Derived from mortality & prevalence

(Office for National Statistics, 2010)

(Flack et al., 2007) (Flack et al., 2007,

Nichols et al., 2012) (Vemer and Rutten-van Molken, 2010)

CKD N/A HSE 2009/2010

(albumin and eGFR) N/A N/A

NL Proxy (Expert opinion by Dr. Susan

van Logteren (Groningen), nefrologist)

Assumed equal to CHD

Japan proxy (Tajima et al., 2010)

Hypertension Derived from prevalence

HSE 2012 N/A N/A NL Proxy (Polder et

al., 2002) NL proxy (Nichols et

al., 2012) (Sullivan et al., 2011)

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Table. Relative risk references

Relative risk: smoking Relative risk: BMI

Diseases

CHD (A Dynamic Model for

Health Impact Assessment (DYNAMO-HIA), 2015)

(Lobstein and Leach, 2010)

COPD (A Dynamic Model for

Health Impact Assessment (DYNAMO-HIA), 2015)

N/A

IGT N/A Estimated from

Prevend (Jaccard A 2015)

Diabetes N/A Estimated from

Prevend (Jaccard A 2015)

Stroke (A Dynamic Model for

Health Impact Assessment (DYNAMO-HIA), 2015)

(Lobstein and Leach, 2010)

Hypertension Halperin 2008

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A DYNAMIC MODEL FOR HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT (DYNAMO-HIA). 2015. United Kingdom vs2.0.6.zip [Online]. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment. Available: http://www.dynamo-hia.eu/ [Accessed 15/11/2014.

BRITTON, M. 2003. The burden of COPD in the U.K.: results from the Confronting COPD survey. Respir Med, 97 Suppl C, S71-9. FLACK, S., TAYLOR, M. & TRUEMAN, P. 2007. Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions for Smoking Cessation Final Report. In: NICE (ed.). York: University of York. INTERNATIONAL DIABETES FEDERATION. 2014. IDF Diabetes Atlas [Online]. Available: https://www.idf.org/sites/default/files/Atlas-poster-2014_EN.pdf

[Accessed 28/08/2015. LOBSTEIN, T. & LEACH, R. J. 2010. Workpackage 7: Overweight and Obesity Report on data collection for overweight and obesity prevalence and related

relative risks. In: DYNAMO-HIA (ed.). International association for the study of obesity. MATTILA, T., VASANKARI, T., KANERVISTO, M., LAITINEN, T., IMPIVAARA, O., RISSANEN, H., KNEKT, P., JOUSILAHTI, P., SAARELAINEN, S., PUUKKA, P. &

HELIOVAARA, M. 2015. Association between all-cause and cause-specific mortality and the GOLD stages 1-4: A 30-year follow-up among Finnish adults. Respir Med, 109, 1012-8.

NICHOLS, M., TOWNSEND, N., SCARBOROUGH, P., RAYNER, M., LEAL, J., LUENGO-FERNANDEZ, R. & GRAY, A. 2012. European cardiovascular disease statistics. In: LOGSTRUP, S. & O'KELLY, S. (eds.). Brussels and Sophia Antipolis: European Heart Network and European Society of Cardiology.

OFFICE FOR NATIONAL STATISTICS. 2010. Mortality [Online]. Available: http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/user-guidance/health-and-life-events/index.html 2015].

POLDER, J., TAKKEN, J., MEERDING, W. J., KOMMER, G. J. & STOKX, L. J. 2002. Cost of illness tool [Online]. Bilthoven: National Institute for Health and Environment (RIVM). Available: https://kostenvanziektentool.volksgezondheidenzorg.info/tool/english/ 2015].

SMOLINA, K., WRIGHT, F. L., RAYNER, M. & GOLDACRE, M. J. 2012. Determinants of the decline in mortality from acute myocardial infarction in England between 2002 and 2010: linked national database study. BMJ 344.

SULLIVAN, P. W., SLEJKO, J. F., SCULPHER, M. J. & GHUSHCHYAN, V. 2011. Catalogue of EQ-5D Scores for the United Kingdom. Med Decis Making, 31, 800-804.

TAJIMA, R., KONDO, M., KAI, H., SAITO, C., OKADA, M., TAKAHASHI, H., DOI, M., TSURUOKA, S. & YAMAGATA, K. 2010. Measurement of health-related quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease in Japan with EuroQol (EQ-5D). Clin Exp Nephrol, 14, 340-8.

VEMER, P. & RUTTEN-VAN MOLKEN, M. P. 2010. Crossing borders: factors affecting differences in cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions between European countries. Value Health, 13, 230-41.

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Appendix E2. Netherlands BMI-group and smoking projections by

education BMI projections by level of education

Figure 1 Projected BMI among women with less than tertiary education

Figure 2 Projected BMI among women with tertiary education

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Figure 3 Projected BMI among men with less than tertiary education

Figure 4 Projected BMI among men with tertiary education

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Table 1 Projected overweight and obesity by level of education, females

Less than tertiary Tertiary Inequality Less than tertiary Tertiary Inequality

Year BMI=>30 Upper CI Lower CI BMI=>30 Upper CI Lower CI PR PD BMI=>25 Upper CI Lower CI BMI=>25 Upper CI Lower CI PR PD

2010 0.113 0.131 0.098 0.051 0.073 0.035 2.22 0.062 0.270 0.287 0.254 0.202 0.240 0.169 1.34 0.068

2011 0.113 0.124 0.103 0.054 0.068 0.042 2.09 0.059 0.270 0.281 0.259 0.203 0.227 0.181 1.33 0.067

2012 0.113 0.124 0.102 0.057 0.070 0.046 1.98 0.056 0.270 0.280 0.259 0.205 0.227 0.184 1.32 0.065

2013 0.112 0.130 0.097 0.060 0.082 0.043 1.88 0.053 0.269 0.286 0.253 0.206 0.241 0.174 1.31 0.064

2014 0.112 0.138 0.090 0.063 0.100 0.039 1.78 0.049 0.269 0.293 0.246 0.207 0.261 0.162 1.30 0.062

2015 0.112 0.148 0.083 0.066 0.123 0.035 1.68 0.045 0.268 0.302 0.238 0.208 0.283 0.148 1.29 0.061

2016 0.111 0.158 0.077 0.070 0.151 0.031 1.60 0.042 0.268 0.310 0.229 0.209 0.307 0.136 1.28 0.059

2017 0.111 0.169 0.071 0.073 0.184 0.027 1.51 0.038 0.268 0.319 0.222 0.210 0.332 0.124 1.28 0.058

2018 0.110 0.181 0.065 0.077 0.223 0.024 1.43 0.033 0.267 0.328 0.214 0.211 0.359 0.113 1.27 0.057

2019 0.110 0.194 0.060 0.081 0.268 0.021 1.36 0.029 0.267 0.338 0.206 0.212 0.386 0.103 1.26 0.055

2020 0.110 0.207 0.055 0.085 0.319 0.018 1.29 0.025 0.266 0.347 0.199 0.213 0.415 0.093 1.25 0.054

2021 0.109 0.221 0.050 0.089 0.374 0.016 1.23 0.020 0.266 0.357 0.191 0.213 0.443 0.085 1.25 0.053

2022 0.109 0.236 0.046 0.094 0.432 0.014 1.16 0.015 0.266 0.366 0.184 0.214 0.473 0.077 1.24 0.051

2023 0.109 0.252 0.042 0.098 0.493 0.012 1.11 0.010 0.265 0.376 0.177 0.215 0.502 0.069 1.23 0.050

2024 0.108 0.268 0.039 0.103 0.553 0.011 1.05 0.005 0.265 0.386 0.171 0.216 0.532 0.063 1.23 0.049

2025 0.108 0.284 0.036 0.108 0.612 0.009 1.00 0.000 0.264 0.396 0.164 0.216 0.561 0.056 1.22 0.048

2026 0.108 0.302 0.033 0.113 0.668 0.008 0.95 -0.005 0.264 0.406 0.158 0.217 0.589 0.051 1.22 0.047

2027 0.107 0.320 0.030 0.119 0.720 0.007 0.91 -0.011 0.263 0.417 0.152 0.218 0.617 0.046 1.21 0.046

2028 0.107 0.338 0.027 0.124 0.766 0.006 0.86 -0.017 0.263 0.427 0.146 0.218 0.644 0.041 1.20 0.045

2029 0.107 0.357 0.025 0.130 0.807 0.005 0.82 -0.023 0.263 0.437 0.140 0.219 0.671 0.037 1.20 0.044

2030 0.106 0.377 0.023 0.136 0.842 0.005 0.78 -0.029 0.262 0.448 0.135 0.219 0.696 0.033 1.20 0.043

2031 0.106 0.397 0.021 0.142 0.871 0.004 0.75 -0.036 0.262 0.458 0.129 0.220 0.720 0.030 1.19 0.042

2032 0.106 0.417 0.019 0.148 0.896 0.004 0.71 -0.042 0.261 0.469 0.124 0.220 0.743 0.027 1.19 0.041

2033 0.105 0.438 0.018 0.155 0.917 0.003 0.68 -0.049 0.261 0.479 0.119 0.220 0.764 0.024 1.18 0.041

2034 0.105 0.458 0.016 0.161 0.933 0.003 0.65 -0.056 0.261 0.490 0.115 0.221 0.784 0.022 1.18 0.040

2035 0.105 0.479 0.015 0.168 0.947 0.002 0.62 -0.063 0.260 0.500 0.110 0.221 0.803 0.019 1.18 0.039

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2036 0.104 0.500 0.013 0.175 0.958 0.002 0.60 -0.071 0.260 0.511 0.105 0.221 0.820 0.017 1.17 0.039

2037 0.104 0.521 0.012 0.182 0.966 0.002 0.57 -0.078 0.259 0.522 0.101 0.221 0.837 0.016 1.17 0.038

2038 0.104 0.542 0.011 0.189 0.973 0.002 0.55 -0.086 0.259 0.532 0.097 0.221 0.852 0.014 1.17 0.038

2039 0.103 0.563 0.010 0.197 0.979 0.001 0.53 -0.093 0.259 0.543 0.093 0.221 0.866 0.012 1.17 0.037

2040 0.103 0.584 0.009 0.204 0.983 0.001 0.50 -0.101 0.258 0.553 0.089 0.221 0.878 0.011 1.17 0.037

2041 0.103 0.604 0.009 0.212 0.987 0.001 0.48 -0.109 0.258 0.564 0.085 0.221 0.890 0.010 1.17 0.037

2042 0.102 0.624 0.008 0.220 0.990 0.001 0.47 -0.118 0.257 0.574 0.082 0.221 0.900 0.009 1.16 0.036

2043 0.102 0.643 0.007 0.228 0.992 0.001 0.45 -0.126 0.257 0.584 0.078 0.221 0.910 0.008 1.16 0.036

2044 0.102 0.662 0.007 0.236 0.994 0.001 0.43 -0.134 0.257 0.595 0.075 0.221 0.919 0.007 1.16 0.036

2045 0.101 0.681 0.006 0.244 0.995 0.001 0.42 -0.143 0.256 0.605 0.072 0.220 0.927 0.006 1.16 0.036

2046 0.101 0.699 0.005 0.252 0.996 0.001 0.40 -0.151 0.256 0.615 0.069 0.220 0.934 0.006 1.16 0.036

2047 0.101 0.716 0.005 0.261 0.997 0.000 0.39 -0.160 0.255 0.625 0.066 0.220 0.941 0.005 1.16 0.036

2048 0.101 0.733 0.005 0.269 0.997 0.000 0.37 -0.169 0.255 0.635 0.063 0.219 0.946 0.004 1.16 0.036

2049 0.100 0.749 0.004 0.277 0.998 0.000 0.36 -0.177 0.255 0.644 0.060 0.219 0.952 0.004 1.16 0.036

2050 0.100 0.765 0.004 0.286 0.998 0.000 0.35 -0.186 0.254 0.654 0.058 0.218 0.957 0.004 1.16 0.036

Table 2 Projected overweight and obesity trend by level of education, males

Less than tertiary Tertiary Inequality Less than tertiary Tertiary Inequality

Year BMI=>30 Upper CI Lower CI BMI=>30 Upper CI Lower CI PR PD BMI=>25 Upper CI Lower CI BMI=>25 Upper CI Lower CI PR PD

2010 0.102 0.120 0.087 0.041 0.061 0.028 2.48 0.061 0.391 0.407 0.375 0.383 0.421 0.347 1.02 0.008

2011 0.100 0.111 0.090 0.045 0.058 0.034 2.25 0.056 0.390 0.400 0.379 0.367 0.391 0.343 1.06 0.023

2012 0.098 0.110 0.088 0.048 0.060 0.038 2.04 0.050 0.388 0.399 0.378 0.350 0.375 0.327 1.11 0.038

2013 0.096 0.114 0.081 0.052 0.072 0.037 1.86 0.044 0.387 0.404 0.371 0.334 0.371 0.300 1.16 0.053

2014 0.094 0.120 0.074 0.056 0.090 0.034 1.69 0.039 0.386 0.410 0.362 0.318 0.371 0.270 1.21 0.068

2015 0.093 0.128 0.066 0.060 0.114 0.031 1.54 0.032 0.385 0.417 0.353 0.303 0.372 0.241 1.27 0.082

2016 0.091 0.136 0.059 0.065 0.145 0.028 1.40 0.026 0.383 0.424 0.344 0.287 0.373 0.214 1.33 0.096

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2017 0.089 0.145 0.053 0.070 0.182 0.024 1.28 0.019 0.382 0.432 0.334 0.272 0.375 0.189 1.40 0.110

2018 0.087 0.155 0.047 0.075 0.227 0.022 1.17 0.013 0.381 0.439 0.325 0.257 0.377 0.166 1.48 0.123

2019 0.085 0.165 0.042 0.080 0.278 0.019 1.07 0.005 0.379 0.447 0.316 0.243 0.378 0.145 1.56 0.136

2020 0.084 0.176 0.038 0.086 0.337 0.017 0.98 -0.002 0.378 0.455 0.307 0.229 0.380 0.126 1.65 0.149

2021 0.082 0.187 0.034 0.092 0.401 0.015 0.89 -0.010 0.377 0.462 0.298 0.216 0.381 0.110 1.74 0.161

2022 0.080 0.198 0.030 0.098 0.468 0.013 0.82 -0.018 0.375 0.470 0.289 0.203 0.382 0.095 1.85 0.172

2023 0.079 0.211 0.027 0.105 0.536 0.012 0.75 -0.026 0.374 0.478 0.281 0.191 0.384 0.082 1.96 0.183

2024 0.077 0.224 0.024 0.111 0.603 0.010 0.69 -0.034 0.373 0.485 0.272 0.179 0.385 0.070 2.09 0.194

2025 0.076 0.237 0.021 0.119 0.666 0.009 0.64 -0.043 0.371 0.493 0.264 0.167 0.385 0.060 2.22 0.204

2026 0.074 0.251 0.019 0.126 0.723 0.008 0.59 -0.052 0.370 0.501 0.256 0.156 0.386 0.052 2.37 0.214

2027 0.073 0.265 0.017 0.134 0.774 0.007 0.54 -0.061 0.368 0.509 0.247 0.146 0.387 0.044 2.53 0.223

2028 0.071 0.281 0.015 0.142 0.818 0.006 0.50 -0.071 0.367 0.516 0.240 0.136 0.387 0.038 2.70 0.231

2029 0.070 0.296 0.013 0.150 0.854 0.005 0.46 -0.081 0.366 0.524 0.232 0.127 0.388 0.032 2.89 0.239

2030 0.068 0.312 0.012 0.159 0.885 0.005 0.43 -0.091 0.364 0.532 0.224 0.118 0.388 0.027 3.09 0.246

2031 0.067 0.329 0.010 0.168 0.909 0.004 0.40 -0.101 0.363 0.539 0.217 0.109 0.388 0.023 3.32 0.253

2032 0.065 0.345 0.009 0.177 0.929 0.004 0.37 -0.111 0.361 0.547 0.210 0.102 0.388 0.020 3.56 0.260

2033 0.064 0.363 0.008 0.186 0.944 0.003 0.34 -0.122 0.360 0.554 0.203 0.094 0.388 0.017 3.83 0.266

2034 0.063 0.380 0.007 0.196 0.957 0.003 0.32 -0.133 0.359 0.562 0.196 0.087 0.388 0.014 4.12 0.271

2035 0.061 0.399 0.006 0.205 0.966 0.002 0.30 -0.144 0.357 0.570 0.189 0.081 0.388 0.012 4.43 0.277

2036 0.060 0.417 0.006 0.215 0.974 0.002 0.28 -0.155 0.356 0.577 0.183 0.075 0.387 0.010 4.77 0.281

2037 0.059 0.435 0.005 0.225 0.980 0.002 0.26 -0.166 0.354 0.585 0.176 0.069 0.387 0.009 5.15 0.286

2038 0.058 0.454 0.005 0.235 0.984 0.002 0.25 -0.177 0.353 0.592 0.170 0.064 0.386 0.007 5.56 0.289

2039 0.056 0.473 0.004 0.245 0.988 0.001 0.23 -0.188 0.351 0.599 0.164 0.059 0.386 0.006 6.00 0.293

2040 0.055 0.492 0.004 0.255 0.991 0.001 0.22 -0.199 0.350 0.607 0.158 0.054 0.385 0.005 6.48 0.296

2041 0.054 0.511 0.003 0.265 0.993 0.001 0.20 -0.210 0.349 0.614 0.153 0.050 0.385 0.004 7.00 0.299

2042 0.053 0.529 0.003 0.274 0.994 0.001 0.19 -0.221 0.347 0.621 0.147 0.046 0.384 0.004 7.58 0.301

2043 0.052 0.548 0.003 0.284 0.996 0.001 0.18 -0.233 0.346 0.628 0.142 0.042 0.383 0.003 8.19 0.303

2044 0.051 0.567 0.002 0.294 0.997 0.001 0.17 -0.243 0.344 0.635 0.137 0.039 0.383 0.003 8.87 0.305

2045 0.050 0.585 0.002 0.304 0.997 0.001 0.16 -0.254 0.343 0.642 0.132 0.036 0.382 0.002 9.60 0.307

2046 0.049 0.604 0.002 0.313 0.998 0.000 0.16 -0.265 0.341 0.649 0.127 0.033 0.381 0.002 10.37 0.308

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2047 0.048 0.622 0.002 0.322 0.998 0.000 0.15 -0.275 0.340 0.656 0.122 0.030 0.381 0.002 11.25 0.310

2048 0.047 0.639 0.001 0.332 0.999 0.000 0.14 -0.285 0.338 0.663 0.117 0.028 0.380 0.001 12.17 0.311

2049 0.046 0.656 0.001 0.340 0.999 0.000 0.13 -0.295 0.337 0.670 0.113 0.026 0.380 0.001 13.16 0.311

2050 0.045 0.673 0.001 0.349 0.999 0.000 0.13 -0.304 0.336 0.676 0.109 0.024 0.379 0.001 14.28 0.312

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Smoking projections by level of education

Figure 5 Smoking projections among females with less than tertiary education

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Figure 6 Smoking projections among females with tertiary education

Figure 7 Smoking projections among males with less than tertiary education

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Figure 8 Smoking projections among males with tertiary education

Table 3 Smoking projections by level of education, females

Less than tertiary Tertiary Inequality

Year Smoking Upper CI Lower CI Smoking Upper CI Lower CI PR PD

2001 0.289 0.300 0.278 0.231 0.243 0.219 1.25 0.058

2002 0.288 0.297 0.278 0.224 0.234 0.214 1.28 0.064

2003 0.286 0.294 0.278 0.217 0.226 0.209 1.32 0.069

2004 0.285 0.292 0.278 0.211 0.218 0.204 1.35 0.074

2005 0.284 0.290 0.278 0.205 0.211 0.198 1.39 0.079

2006 0.282 0.288 0.277 0.198 0.204 0.193 1.42 0.084

2007 0.281 0.287 0.275 0.192 0.198 0.187 1.46 0.089

2008 0.280 0.286 0.274 0.187 0.193 0.180 1.50 0.093

2009 0.279 0.286 0.272 0.181 0.188 0.174 1.54 0.098

2010 0.277 0.285 0.269 0.175 0.183 0.167 1.58 0.102

2011 0.276 0.285 0.267 0.170 0.179 0.161 1.63 0.106

2012 0.275 0.286 0.264 0.164 0.175 0.155 1.67 0.110

2013 0.274 0.286 0.262 0.159 0.171 0.148 1.72 0.114

2014 0.272 0.286 0.259 0.154 0.167 0.142 1.77 0.118

2015 0.271 0.286 0.257 0.149 0.163 0.137 1.82 0.122

2016 0.270 0.286 0.254 0.144 0.159 0.131 1.87 0.125

2017 0.269 0.287 0.251 0.140 0.155 0.126 1.92 0.129

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2018 0.267 0.287 0.249 0.135 0.152 0.120 1.98 0.132

2019 0.266 0.287 0.246 0.131 0.148 0.115 2.03 0.135

2020 0.265 0.288 0.243 0.127 0.145 0.110 2.09 0.138

2021 0.264 0.288 0.241 0.122 0.141 0.106 2.16 0.141

2022 0.262 0.288 0.238 0.118 0.138 0.101 2.22 0.144

2023 0.261 0.289 0.236 0.114 0.135 0.097 2.29 0.147

2024 0.260 0.289 0.233 0.111 0.132 0.093 2.35 0.150

2025 0.259 0.289 0.231 0.107 0.128 0.088 2.42 0.152

2026 0.258 0.290 0.228 0.103 0.125 0.085 2.50 0.154

2027 0.256 0.290 0.226 0.100 0.122 0.081 2.57 0.157

2028 0.255 0.290 0.223 0.096 0.119 0.077 2.65 0.159

2029 0.254 0.291 0.221 0.093 0.117 0.074 2.73 0.161

2030 0.253 0.291 0.218 0.090 0.114 0.071 2.82 0.163

2031 0.252 0.291 0.216 0.087 0.111 0.067 2.90 0.165

2032 0.250 0.292 0.213 0.084 0.108 0.064 2.99 0.167

2033 0.249 0.292 0.211 0.081 0.106 0.062 3.08 0.168

2034 0.248 0.292 0.209 0.078 0.103 0.059 3.18 0.170

2035 0.247 0.293 0.206 0.075 0.101 0.056 3.27 0.172

2036 0.246 0.293 0.204 0.073 0.098 0.054 3.38 0.173

2037 0.245 0.293 0.201 0.070 0.096 0.051 3.48 0.174

2038 0.243 0.294 0.199 0.068 0.093 0.049 3.59 0.176

2039 0.242 0.294 0.197 0.065 0.091 0.047 3.70 0.177

2040 0.241 0.295 0.195 0.063 0.089 0.044 3.82 0.178

2041 0.240 0.295 0.192 0.061 0.087 0.042 3.95 0.179

2042 0.239 0.295 0.190 0.059 0.085 0.040 4.07 0.180

2043 0.238 0.296 0.188 0.057 0.082 0.039 4.20 0.181

2044 0.236 0.296 0.186 0.055 0.080 0.037 4.33 0.182

2045 0.235 0.296 0.184 0.053 0.078 0.035 4.47 0.183

2046 0.234 0.297 0.181 0.051 0.076 0.033 4.61 0.183

2047 0.233 0.297 0.179 0.049 0.075 0.032 4.76 0.184

2048 0.232 0.297 0.177 0.047 0.073 0.030 4.91 0.185

2049 0.231 0.298 0.175 0.046 0.071 0.029 5.07 0.185

2050 0.230 0.298 0.173 0.044 0.069 0.028 5.23 0.186

Table 4 Smoking projections by level of education males

Less than tertiary Tertiary Inequality

Year Smoking Upper CI Lower CI Smoking Upper CI Lower CI PR PD

2001 0.351 0.362 0.340 0.274 0.285 0.263 1.28 0.077

2002 0.347 0.356 0.337 0.267 0.277 0.258 1.30 0.079

2003 0.343 0.351 0.335 0.261 0.269 0.253 1.31 0.081

2004 0.338 0.345 0.332 0.255 0.262 0.248 1.33 0.083

2005 0.334 0.341 0.328 0.249 0.255 0.243 1.34 0.085

2006 0.330 0.336 0.325 0.243 0.249 0.237 1.36 0.087

2007 0.326 0.332 0.321 0.237 0.243 0.232 1.37 0.089

2008 0.323 0.329 0.316 0.232 0.238 0.225 1.39 0.091

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2009 0.319 0.326 0.312 0.226 0.233 0.219 1.41 0.093

2010 0.315 0.323 0.307 0.221 0.229 0.213 1.43 0.094

2011 0.311 0.320 0.302 0.215 0.224 0.206 1.44 0.096

2012 0.307 0.318 0.297 0.210 0.220 0.200 1.46 0.097

2013 0.303 0.315 0.292 0.205 0.216 0.193 1.48 0.099

2014 0.299 0.313 0.286 0.199 0.212 0.187 1.50 0.100

2015 0.296 0.310 0.281 0.194 0.208 0.181 1.52 0.101

2016 0.292 0.308 0.276 0.189 0.204 0.175 1.54 0.102

2017 0.288 0.306 0.271 0.185 0.201 0.170 1.56 0.104

2018 0.285 0.303 0.266 0.180 0.197 0.164 1.58 0.105

2019 0.281 0.301 0.262 0.175 0.193 0.158 1.60 0.106

2020 0.277 0.299 0.257 0.171 0.190 0.153 1.62 0.107

2021 0.274 0.296 0.252 0.166 0.186 0.148 1.65 0.108

2022 0.270 0.294 0.247 0.162 0.183 0.143 1.67 0.108

2023 0.267 0.292 0.243 0.158 0.179 0.138 1.69 0.109

2024 0.263 0.290 0.238 0.153 0.176 0.133 1.72 0.110

2025 0.260 0.288 0.233 0.149 0.173 0.128 1.74 0.110

2026 0.256 0.285 0.229 0.145 0.169 0.124 1.76 0.111

2027 0.253 0.283 0.224 0.141 0.166 0.120 1.79 0.111

2028 0.249 0.281 0.220 0.138 0.163 0.115 1.81 0.112

2029 0.246 0.279 0.216 0.134 0.160 0.111 1.84 0.112

2030 0.243 0.277 0.211 0.130 0.157 0.107 1.86 0.113

2031 0.239 0.275 0.207 0.127 0.154 0.103 1.89 0.113

2032 0.236 0.273 0.203 0.123 0.151 0.100 1.92 0.113

2033 0.233 0.270 0.199 0.120 0.148 0.096 1.95 0.113

2034 0.230 0.268 0.195 0.116 0.145 0.093 1.97 0.113

2035 0.226 0.266 0.191 0.113 0.142 0.089 2.00 0.113

2036 0.223 0.264 0.187 0.110 0.140 0.086 2.03 0.113

2037 0.220 0.262 0.183 0.107 0.137 0.083 2.06 0.113

2038 0.217 0.260 0.180 0.104 0.134 0.080 2.09 0.113

2039 0.214 0.258 0.176 0.101 0.132 0.077 2.12 0.113

2040 0.211 0.256 0.172 0.098 0.129 0.074 2.15 0.113

2041 0.208 0.254 0.169 0.095 0.126 0.071 2.18 0.113

2042 0.205 0.252 0.165 0.093 0.124 0.069 2.21 0.113

2043 0.202 0.250 0.162 0.090 0.121 0.066 2.25 0.112

2044 0.199 0.248 0.158 0.087 0.119 0.064 2.28 0.112

2045 0.196 0.246 0.155 0.085 0.117 0.061 2.32 0.112

2046 0.194 0.244 0.152 0.082 0.114 0.059 2.35 0.111

2047 0.191 0.242 0.148 0.080 0.112 0.057 2.39 0.111

2048 0.188 0.240 0.145 0.078 0.110 0.055 2.42 0.110

2049 0.185 0.238 0.142 0.076 0.108 0.052 2.45 0.110

2050 0.183 0.236 0.139 0.073 0.105 0.050 2.49 0.109

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Appendix E3. Finland BMI-group and smoking projections by

education

BMI projections by education level in Finland

Figure 1 Projected overweight and obesity prevalence among women with less than tertiary education

Figure 2 Projected overweight and obesity prevalence among women with tertiary education

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Figure 3 Projected overweight and obesity prevalence among men with less than tertiary education

Figure 4 Projected overweight and obesity prevalence among men with tertiary education

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Table 1 Obesity and overweight projections by level of education, women aged 15 to 64

Less than tertiary education Tertiary education Inequality a Less than tertiary education Tertiary education Inequality a

Year BMI=>30 Lower CI Upper CI BMI=>30 Lower CI Upper CI PR PD BMI=>25 Lower CI Upper CI BMI=>25 Lower CI Upper CI PR PD

2000 0.126 0.138 0.116 0.080 0.093 0.069 1.58 0.046 0.266 0.281 0.251 0.214 0.234 0.196 1.24 0.052

2001 0.131 0.141 0.121 0.083 0.095 0.073 1.57 0.047 0.269 0.283 0.256 0.218 0.236 0.202 1.23 0.051

2002 0.135 0.144 0.126 0.087 0.097 0.077 1.56 0.048 0.272 0.284 0.260 0.222 0.238 0.208 1.22 0.050

2003 0.140 0.148 0.131 0.090 0.100 0.082 1.55 0.049 0.275 0.286 0.265 0.227 0.241 0.213 1.21 0.048

2004 0.144 0.152 0.137 0.094 0.102 0.086 1.54 0.050 0.278 0.288 0.269 0.231 0.243 0.219 1.20 0.047

2005 0.149 0.156 0.142 0.098 0.105 0.090 1.53 0.051 0.281 0.290 0.273 0.235 0.246 0.225 1.20 0.046

2006 0.154 0.160 0.147 0.101 0.109 0.095 1.52 0.052 0.284 0.292 0.276 0.240 0.250 0.230 1.19 0.044

2007 0.159 0.165 0.152 0.105 0.112 0.099 1.51 0.053 0.287 0.295 0.279 0.244 0.253 0.235 1.18 0.043

2008 0.164 0.171 0.157 0.110 0.117 0.103 1.49 0.054 0.290 0.299 0.282 0.249 0.258 0.239 1.17 0.042

2009 0.169 0.177 0.161 0.114 0.121 0.107 1.48 0.055 0.293 0.303 0.284 0.253 0.263 0.243 1.16 0.040

2010 0.174 0.183 0.165 0.118 0.127 0.110 1.48 0.056 0.296 0.307 0.285 0.258 0.269 0.246 1.15 0.039

2011 0.180 0.190 0.169 0.123 0.133 0.113 1.46 0.057 0.299 0.312 0.287 0.262 0.276 0.249 1.14 0.037

2012 0.185 0.198 0.173 0.127 0.140 0.116 1.45 0.058 0.302 0.316 0.288 0.267 0.283 0.251 1.13 0.035

2013 0.191 0.205 0.177 0.132 0.147 0.119 1.44 0.059 0.305 0.321 0.289 0.271 0.289 0.253 1.12 0.034

2014 0.196 0.213 0.181 0.137 0.154 0.122 1.43 0.060 0.307 0.326 0.289 0.276 0.297 0.256 1.12 0.032

2015 0.202 0.221 0.184 0.142 0.162 0.124 1.42 0.060 0.310 0.331 0.290 0.280 0.304 0.258 1.11 0.030

2016 0.208 0.230 0.188 0.147 0.170 0.127 1.41 0.061 0.313 0.336 0.291 0.285 0.311 0.260 1.10 0.028

2017 0.214 0.238 0.192 0.152 0.178 0.130 1.41 0.062 0.316 0.341 0.291 0.289 0.319 0.261 1.09 0.026

2018 0.220 0.247 0.195 0.158 0.187 0.133 1.40 0.062 0.318 0.346 0.292 0.294 0.326 0.263 1.08 0.025

2019 0.226 0.256 0.199 0.163 0.196 0.135 1.38 0.063 0.321 0.351 0.292 0.298 0.334 0.265 1.08 0.023

2020 0.232 0.265 0.203 0.169 0.205 0.138 1.38 0.063 0.323 0.356 0.293 0.303 0.342 0.266 1.07 0.021

2021 0.239 0.274 0.206 0.175 0.215 0.141 1.37 0.064 0.326 0.361 0.293 0.307 0.349 0.268 1.06 0.019

2022 0.245 0.284 0.210 0.181 0.225 0.144 1.36 0.064 0.328 0.366 0.293 0.312 0.357 0.270 1.05 0.017

2023 0.251 0.293 0.213 0.187 0.235 0.146 1.35 0.065 0.331 0.370 0.294 0.316 0.365 0.271 1.05 0.015

2024 0.258 0.303 0.217 0.193 0.245 0.149 1.34 0.065 0.333 0.375 0.294 0.320 0.373 0.272 1.04 0.013

2025 0.264 0.313 0.221 0.199 0.256 0.152 1.33 0.066 0.336 0.380 0.294 0.325 0.380 0.274 1.03 0.011

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2026 0.271 0.323 0.224 0.205 0.267 0.154 1.32 0.066 0.338 0.385 0.294 0.329 0.388 0.275 1.03 0.009

2027 0.277 0.333 0.228 0.211 0.278 0.157 1.31 0.066 0.340 0.390 0.294 0.333 0.396 0.276 1.02 0.007

2028 0.284 0.343 0.231 0.218 0.290 0.160 1.30 0.066 0.342 0.394 0.293 0.337 0.403 0.277 1.01 0.005

2029 0.291 0.353 0.235 0.224 0.302 0.162 1.30 0.066 0.344 0.399 0.293 0.341 0.411 0.278 1.01 0.003

2030 0.297 0.364 0.238 0.231 0.313 0.165 1.29 0.066 0.346 0.403 0.293 0.345 0.419 0.279 1.00 0.001

2031 0.304 0.374 0.242 0.238 0.325 0.168 1.28 0.066 0.348 0.408 0.293 0.349 0.426 0.279 1.00 -0.001

2032 0.310 0.384 0.245 0.244 0.338 0.170 1.27 0.066 0.350 0.412 0.292 0.353 0.433 0.280 0.99 -0.003

2033 0.317 0.395 0.249 0.251 0.350 0.173 1.26 0.066 0.352 0.417 0.292 0.357 0.441 0.281 0.99 -0.005

2034 0.324 0.405 0.252 0.258 0.362 0.175 1.26 0.066 0.353 0.421 0.291 0.360 0.448 0.281 0.98 -0.007

2035 0.330 0.415 0.255 0.265 0.375 0.178 1.25 0.066 0.355 0.425 0.290 0.364 0.455 0.281 0.98 -0.009

2036 0.337 0.426 0.258 0.271 0.387 0.180 1.24 0.065 0.357 0.429 0.290 0.367 0.462 0.282 0.97 -0.011

2037 0.343 0.436 0.261 0.278 0.400 0.182 1.23 0.065 0.358 0.434 0.289 0.371 0.469 0.282 0.97 -0.013

2038 0.350 0.446 0.265 0.285 0.412 0.185 1.23 0.065 0.360 0.438 0.288 0.374 0.476 0.282 0.96 -0.014

2039 0.356 0.456 0.268 0.292 0.425 0.187 1.22 0.065 0.361 0.442 0.287 0.377 0.482 0.282 0.96 -0.016

2040 0.363 0.466 0.270 0.299 0.437 0.189 1.21 0.064 0.362 0.446 0.286 0.380 0.489 0.282 0.95 -0.018

2041 0.369 0.476 0.273 0.305 0.450 0.191 1.21 0.064 0.364 0.450 0.286 0.383 0.496 0.282 0.95 -0.019

2042 0.375 0.486 0.276 0.312 0.462 0.193 1.20 0.063 0.365 0.453 0.284 0.386 0.502 0.281 0.95 -0.021

2043 0.382 0.496 0.279 0.319 0.474 0.195 1.20 0.063 0.366 0.457 0.283 0.388 0.508 0.281 0.94 -0.022

2044 0.388 0.506 0.282 0.326 0.487 0.197 1.19 0.062 0.367 0.461 0.282 0.391 0.514 0.280 0.94 -0.024

2045 0.394 0.515 0.284 0.332 0.499 0.199 1.19 0.062 0.368 0.465 0.281 0.394 0.520 0.280 0.94 -0.026

2046 0.400 0.525 0.287 0.339 0.511 0.201 1.18 0.061 0.369 0.468 0.280 0.396 0.526 0.279 0.93 -0.027

2047 0.406 0.534 0.289 0.345 0.522 0.202 1.18 0.061 0.370 0.472 0.279 0.398 0.532 0.278 0.93 -0.028

2048 0.411 0.543 0.291 0.351 0.534 0.204 1.17 0.060 0.371 0.475 0.277 0.400 0.537 0.277 0.93 -0.029

2049 0.417 0.552 0.294 0.358 0.545 0.206 1.17 0.059 0.372 0.479 0.276 0.402 0.543 0.276 0.92 -0.031

2050 0.423 0.561 0.296 0.364 0.557 0.207 1.16 0.059 0.373 0.482 0.275 0.404 0.548 0.275 0.92 -0.032 a Prevalence Ratio (PR): Prevalence among individuals with less than tertiary education/prevalence among those with tertiary education; Prevalence difference (PD):

Prevalence among individuals with less than tertiary education – prevalence among those with tertiary education.

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Table 2 Obesity and overweight projections by level of education, men aged 15 to 64

Less than tertiary Tertiary Inequality a BMI=>30 Tertiary Inequality a

Year BMI=>30 Lower CI Upper CI BMI=>30 Lower CI Upper CI PR PD BMI=>25 Lower CI Upper CI BMI=>25 Lower CI Upper CI PR PD

2000 0.127 0.139 0.116 0.114 0.133 0.098 1.11 0.013 0.397 0.415 0.380 0.439 0.468 0.411 0.90 -0.042

2001 0.131 0.142 0.121 0.116 0.133 0.101 1.13 0.015 0.399 0.415 0.384 0.438 0.464 0.413 0.91 -0.039

2002 0.136 0.146 0.127 0.118 0.134 0.105 1.15 0.018 0.401 0.415 0.387 0.437 0.459 0.415 0.92 -0.036

2003 0.140 0.149 0.132 0.121 0.134 0.108 1.16 0.020 0.402 0.414 0.390 0.436 0.455 0.417 0.92 -0.034

2004 0.145 0.153 0.138 0.123 0.135 0.112 1.18 0.022 0.404 0.414 0.393 0.435 0.452 0.418 0.93 -0.031

2005 0.150 0.157 0.143 0.125 0.136 0.115 1.20 0.025 0.405 0.415 0.396 0.434 0.449 0.419 0.93 -0.028

2006 0.155 0.161 0.148 0.127 0.137 0.118 1.21 0.027 0.407 0.416 0.398 0.432 0.446 0.419 0.94 -0.026

2007 0.160 0.166 0.153 0.130 0.139 0.121 1.23 0.030 0.408 0.417 0.399 0.431 0.444 0.418 0.95 -0.023

2008 0.165 0.172 0.158 0.132 0.142 0.123 1.25 0.033 0.409 0.419 0.400 0.430 0.444 0.416 0.95 -0.021

2009 0.170 0.178 0.162 0.134 0.145 0.124 1.26 0.035 0.411 0.421 0.400 0.429 0.444 0.414 0.96 -0.018

2010 0.175 0.185 0.166 0.137 0.149 0.125 1.28 0.038 0.412 0.424 0.399 0.427 0.444 0.410 0.96 -0.016

2011 0.180 0.192 0.170 0.139 0.154 0.126 1.30 0.041 0.413 0.427 0.399 0.426 0.445 0.407 0.97 -0.013

2012 0.186 0.199 0.173 0.142 0.158 0.127 1.31 0.044 0.414 0.430 0.398 0.425 0.447 0.403 0.97 -0.011

2013 0.191 0.207 0.177 0.144 0.164 0.127 1.33 0.047 0.415 0.433 0.397 0.423 0.449 0.399 0.98 -0.009

2014 0.197 0.215 0.180 0.147 0.169 0.127 1.34 0.050 0.416 0.436 0.395 0.422 0.450 0.394 0.99 -0.006

2015 0.203 0.223 0.184 0.149 0.175 0.127 1.36 0.053 0.417 0.439 0.394 0.421 0.452 0.390 0.99 -0.004

2016 0.208 0.231 0.187 0.152 0.181 0.127 1.37 0.057 0.417 0.443 0.392 0.419 0.454 0.385 1.00 -0.002

2017 0.214 0.240 0.191 0.155 0.187 0.127 1.39 0.060 0.418 0.446 0.391 0.418 0.456 0.381 1.00 0.000

2018 0.220 0.249 0.194 0.157 0.193 0.127 1.40 0.063 0.419 0.449 0.389 0.416 0.458 0.376 1.01 0.002

2019 0.226 0.258 0.198 0.160 0.199 0.127 1.42 0.067 0.419 0.451 0.387 0.415 0.460 0.372 1.01 0.004

2020 0.232 0.267 0.201 0.163 0.206 0.127 1.43 0.070 0.420 0.454 0.386 0.414 0.462 0.367 1.01 0.006

2021 0.239 0.276 0.205 0.165 0.213 0.127 1.44 0.073 0.420 0.457 0.384 0.412 0.464 0.362 1.02 0.008

2022 0.245 0.286 0.208 0.168 0.220 0.127 1.46 0.077 0.420 0.460 0.382 0.411 0.466 0.358 1.02 0.010

2023 0.251 0.295 0.212 0.171 0.227 0.126 1.47 0.080 0.420 0.463 0.380 0.409 0.468 0.353 1.03 0.011

2024 0.257 0.305 0.215 0.174 0.234 0.126 1.48 0.084 0.421 0.465 0.377 0.408 0.470 0.348 1.03 0.013

2025 0.264 0.315 0.218 0.177 0.242 0.126 1.49 0.087 0.421 0.468 0.375 0.406 0.472 0.344 1.04 0.015

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2026 0.270 0.325 0.222 0.179 0.249 0.126 1.51 0.091 0.421 0.470 0.373 0.405 0.474 0.339 1.04 0.016

2027 0.277 0.335 0.225 0.182 0.257 0.126 1.52 0.094 0.421 0.473 0.371 0.403 0.476 0.335 1.04 0.018

2028 0.283 0.345 0.228 0.185 0.265 0.126 1.53 0.098 0.421 0.475 0.368 0.402 0.478 0.330 1.05 0.019

2029 0.290 0.355 0.232 0.188 0.273 0.125 1.54 0.101 0.420 0.477 0.366 0.400 0.480 0.325 1.05 0.020

2030 0.296 0.365 0.235 0.191 0.281 0.125 1.55 0.105 0.420 0.479 0.363 0.399 0.482 0.321 1.05 0.022

2031 0.303 0.376 0.238 0.194 0.290 0.125 1.56 0.108 0.420 0.482 0.360 0.397 0.484 0.316 1.06 0.023

2032 0.309 0.386 0.241 0.197 0.298 0.125 1.57 0.112 0.419 0.484 0.358 0.395 0.485 0.312 1.06 0.024

2033 0.316 0.397 0.244 0.200 0.307 0.124 1.58 0.115 0.419 0.486 0.355 0.394 0.487 0.307 1.06 0.025

2034 0.322 0.407 0.248 0.203 0.315 0.124 1.58 0.119 0.418 0.488 0.352 0.392 0.489 0.303 1.07 0.026

2035 0.329 0.417 0.251 0.207 0.324 0.124 1.59 0.122 0.418 0.489 0.349 0.390 0.491 0.298 1.07 0.027

2036 0.335 0.428 0.254 0.210 0.333 0.124 1.60 0.125 0.417 0.491 0.347 0.389 0.493 0.294 1.07 0.028

2037 0.342 0.438 0.257 0.213 0.342 0.123 1.60 0.129 0.417 0.493 0.344 0.387 0.495 0.290 1.08 0.029

2038 0.348 0.448 0.259 0.216 0.352 0.123 1.61 0.132 0.416 0.495 0.341 0.386 0.497 0.285 1.08 0.030

2039 0.354 0.459 0.262 0.219 0.361 0.123 1.62 0.135 0.415 0.497 0.338 0.384 0.498 0.281 1.08 0.031

2040 0.361 0.469 0.265 0.223 0.370 0.122 1.62 0.138 0.414 0.498 0.335 0.382 0.500 0.276 1.08 0.032

2041 0.367 0.479 0.268 0.226 0.380 0.122 1.63 0.141 0.413 0.500 0.332 0.380 0.502 0.272 1.09 0.033

2042 0.373 0.489 0.271 0.229 0.389 0.122 1.63 0.144 0.412 0.501 0.329 0.379 0.504 0.268 1.09 0.034

2043 0.380 0.499 0.273 0.232 0.399 0.121 1.63 0.147 0.412 0.503 0.326 0.377 0.506 0.264 1.09 0.035

2044 0.386 0.509 0.276 0.236 0.409 0.121 1.64 0.150 0.411 0.504 0.323 0.375 0.507 0.259 1.09 0.035

2045 0.392 0.518 0.278 0.239 0.418 0.121 1.64 0.153 0.410 0.506 0.320 0.374 0.509 0.255 1.10 0.036

2046 0.398 0.528 0.281 0.243 0.428 0.120 1.64 0.155 0.409 0.507 0.317 0.372 0.511 0.251 1.10 0.037

2047 0.404 0.538 0.283 0.246 0.438 0.120 1.64 0.158 0.407 0.509 0.313 0.370 0.513 0.247 1.10 0.037

2048 0.410 0.547 0.285 0.249 0.448 0.120 1.64 0.160 0.406 0.510 0.310 0.368 0.514 0.243 1.10 0.038

2049 0.415 0.556 0.287 0.253 0.458 0.119 1.64 0.163 0.405 0.512 0.307 0.366 0.516 0.239 1.11 0.039

2050 0.421 0.565 0.289 0.256 0.468 0.119 1.64 0.165 0.404 0.513 0.304 0.365 0.518 0.235 1.11 0.039 a Prevalence Ratio (PR): Prevalence among individuals with less than tertiary education/prevalence among those with tertiary education; Prevalence difference (PD):

Prevalence among individuals with less than tertiary education – prevalence among those with tertiary education.

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Smoking projections by level of education

Figure 5 Projected smoking prevalence among women with less than tertiary education

Figure 6 Projected smoking prevalence among women with tertiary education

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Figure 7 Projected smoking prevalence among men with less than tertiary education

Figure 8 Projected smoking prevalence among men with tertiary education

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Table 3 Projected smoking prevalence by education level among Finnish women

Less than tertiary Tertiary Inequality

Year Smoking Upper CI Lower CI Smoking Upper CI Lower CI PR PD

2002 0.296 0.309 0.284 0.202 0.217 0.187 1.47 0.094

2003 0.291 0.301 0.280 0.197 0.210 0.184 1.48 0.094

2004 0.285 0.295 0.276 0.191 0.202 0.180 1.49 0.094

2005 0.280 0.288 0.272 0.186 0.196 0.177 1.51 0.094

2006 0.274 0.282 0.267 0.181 0.189 0.172 1.52 0.094

2007 0.269 0.277 0.262 0.176 0.184 0.168 1.53 0.094

2008 0.264 0.272 0.256 0.171 0.179 0.163 1.55 0.093

2009 0.259 0.268 0.250 0.166 0.175 0.157 1.56 0.093

2010 0.254 0.264 0.244 0.161 0.171 0.152 1.57 0.093

2011 0.249 0.261 0.237 0.157 0.168 0.146 1.59 0.092

2012 0.244 0.257 0.231 0.152 0.165 0.140 1.60 0.092

2013 0.239 0.254 0.225 0.148 0.162 0.135 1.62 0.091

2014 0.234 0.251 0.218 0.143 0.159 0.129 1.63 0.091

2015 0.229 0.247 0.212 0.139 0.156 0.124 1.65 0.090

2016 0.225 0.244 0.206 0.135 0.154 0.119 1.66 0.090

2017 0.220 0.241 0.200 0.131 0.151 0.114 1.68 0.089

2018 0.216 0.238 0.195 0.127 0.148 0.109 1.69 0.088

2019 0.211 0.235 0.189 0.124 0.146 0.104 1.71 0.088

2020 0.207 0.232 0.183 0.120 0.143 0.100 1.73 0.087

2021 0.202 0.229 0.178 0.116 0.141 0.095 1.74 0.086

2022 0.198 0.226 0.173 0.113 0.139 0.091 1.76 0.085

2023 0.194 0.224 0.167 0.109 0.136 0.087 1.77 0.085

2024 0.190 0.221 0.162 0.106 0.134 0.083 1.79 0.084

2025 0.186 0.218 0.157 0.103 0.132 0.080 1.81 0.083

2026 0.182 0.215 0.153 0.100 0.130 0.076 1.82 0.082

2027 0.178 0.212 0.148 0.097 0.127 0.073 1.84 0.081

2028 0.174 0.210 0.143 0.094 0.125 0.070 1.86 0.080

2029 0.170 0.207 0.139 0.091 0.123 0.066 1.87 0.079

2030 0.166 0.204 0.134 0.088 0.121 0.063 1.89 0.078

2031 0.163 0.202 0.130 0.085 0.119 0.061 1.91 0.078

2032 0.159 0.199 0.126 0.083 0.117 0.058 1.93 0.077

2033 0.156 0.197 0.122 0.080 0.115 0.055 1.94 0.076

2034 0.152 0.194 0.118 0.078 0.113 0.053 1.96 0.075

2035 0.149 0.191 0.114 0.075 0.111 0.050 1.98 0.074

2036 0.145 0.189 0.111 0.073 0.109 0.048 2.00 0.073

2037 0.142 0.187 0.107 0.071 0.107 0.046 2.02 0.072

2038 0.139 0.184 0.104 0.068 0.105 0.044 2.03 0.071

2039 0.136 0.182 0.100 0.066 0.104 0.042 2.05 0.070

2040 0.133 0.179 0.097 0.064 0.102 0.040 2.07 0.069

2041 0.130 0.177 0.094 0.062 0.100 0.038 2.09 0.068

2042 0.127 0.175 0.091 0.060 0.098 0.036 2.11 0.067

2043 0.124 0.172 0.088 0.058 0.097 0.034 2.13 0.066

2044 0.121 0.170 0.085 0.056 0.095 0.033 2.15 0.065

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2045 0.118 0.168 0.082 0.054 0.093 0.031 2.17 0.064

2046 0.115 0.165 0.079 0.053 0.092 0.030 2.19 0.063

2047 0.113 0.163 0.076 0.051 0.090 0.028 2.21 0.062

2048 0.110 0.161 0.074 0.049 0.089 0.027 2.23 0.061

2049 0.108 0.159 0.071 0.048 0.087 0.026 2.25 0.060

2050 0.105 0.157 0.069 0.046 0.085 0.025 2.27 0.059

Table 4 Projected smoking prevalence by level of education among Finnish men

Less than tertiary Tertiary Inequality

Year Smoking Upper CI Lower CI Smoking Upper CI Lower CI PR PD

2002 0.383 0.397 0.370 0.268 0.288 0.248 1.43 0.115

2003 0.377 0.389 0.365 0.262 0.279 0.245 1.44 0.115

2004 0.370 0.380 0.360 0.255 0.270 0.241 1.45 0.115

2005 0.363 0.373 0.354 0.249 0.262 0.236 1.46 0.114

2006 0.357 0.365 0.348 0.243 0.255 0.232 1.47 0.114

2007 0.350 0.359 0.342 0.237 0.249 0.226 1.48 0.113

2008 0.344 0.353 0.335 0.231 0.243 0.220 1.49 0.113

2009 0.337 0.348 0.327 0.226 0.239 0.213 1.50 0.112

2010 0.331 0.343 0.319 0.220 0.234 0.206 1.51 0.111

2011 0.325 0.338 0.312 0.214 0.231 0.199 1.51 0.110

2012 0.319 0.334 0.304 0.209 0.227 0.192 1.53 0.110

2013 0.312 0.330 0.296 0.204 0.224 0.185 1.53 0.109

2014 0.306 0.325 0.288 0.198 0.221 0.178 1.54 0.108

2015 0.300 0.321 0.280 0.193 0.218 0.171 1.55 0.107

2016 0.294 0.317 0.273 0.188 0.215 0.164 1.56 0.106

2017 0.289 0.313 0.265 0.183 0.212 0.158 1.57 0.105

2018 0.283 0.309 0.258 0.179 0.209 0.151 1.58 0.104

2019 0.277 0.305 0.251 0.174 0.207 0.145 1.59 0.103

2020 0.271 0.301 0.243 0.169 0.204 0.139 1.60 0.102

2021 0.266 0.298 0.236 0.165 0.201 0.134 1.61 0.101

2022 0.260 0.294 0.229 0.160 0.199 0.128 1.62 0.100

2023 0.255 0.290 0.223 0.156 0.196 0.123 1.64 0.099

2024 0.249 0.286 0.216 0.152 0.194 0.117 1.65 0.098

2025 0.244 0.282 0.210 0.147 0.191 0.112 1.66 0.097

2026 0.239 0.279 0.203 0.143 0.189 0.108 1.67 0.096

2027 0.234 0.275 0.197 0.139 0.186 0.103 1.68 0.094

2028 0.229 0.271 0.191 0.136 0.184 0.099 1.69 0.093

2029 0.224 0.268 0.185 0.132 0.181 0.094 1.70 0.092

2030 0.219 0.264 0.179 0.128 0.179 0.090 1.71 0.091

2031 0.214 0.261 0.174 0.125 0.177 0.086 1.72 0.090

2032 0.209 0.257 0.168 0.121 0.174 0.083 1.73 0.088

2033 0.205 0.254 0.163 0.118 0.172 0.079 1.74 0.087

2034 0.200 0.250 0.158 0.114 0.170 0.075 1.75 0.086

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2035 0.196 0.247 0.153 0.111 0.167 0.072 1.76 0.085

2036 0.191 0.244 0.148 0.108 0.165 0.069 1.77 0.083

2037 0.187 0.240 0.143 0.105 0.163 0.066 1.78 0.082

2038 0.183 0.237 0.138 0.102 0.161 0.063 1.79 0.081

2039 0.178 0.234 0.134 0.099 0.159 0.060 1.80 0.080

2040 0.174 0.231 0.129 0.096 0.157 0.057 1.82 0.078

2041 0.170 0.227 0.125 0.093 0.155 0.055 1.83 0.077

2042 0.166 0.224 0.121 0.090 0.152 0.052 1.84 0.076

2043 0.162 0.221 0.117 0.088 0.150 0.050 1.85 0.074

2044 0.158 0.218 0.113 0.085 0.148 0.047 1.86 0.073

2045 0.155 0.215 0.109 0.083 0.146 0.045 1.87 0.072

2046 0.151 0.212 0.105 0.080 0.144 0.043 1.88 0.071

2047 0.147 0.209 0.102 0.078 0.142 0.041 1.89 0.069

2048 0.144 0.206 0.098 0.076 0.140 0.039 1.90 0.068

2049 0.140 0.203 0.095 0.073 0.139 0.038 1.91 0.067

2050 0.137 0.200 0.092 0.071 0.137 0.036 1.93 0.066

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Appendix E4. Lithuania BMI-group and smoking projections by

education BMI projections by education level

Figure 1 BMI projections among women with less than tertiary education

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Figure 2 BMI projections among women with tertiary education

Figure 3 BMI projections among men with less than tertiary education

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Figure 4 BMI projections among men with tertiary education

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Table 1 Obesity and overweight projections by education level and measures of inequality, males

Less than tertiary Tertiary Inequality Less than tertiary Tertiary Inequality

Year BMI=>30 Upper CI Lower CI BMI=>30 Upper CI Lower CI PR PD BMI=>25 Upper CI Lower CI BMI=>25 Upper CI Lower CI PR PD

2001 0.156 0.172 0.141 0.152 0.178 0.130 1.02 0.003 0.343 0.361 0.325 0.525 0.559 0.490 0.65 -0.182

2002 0.160 0.174 0.146 0.155 0.178 0.135 1.03 0.004 0.351 0.367 0.335 0.517 0.547 0.487 0.68 -0.166

2003 0.164 0.176 0.152 0.158 0.178 0.140 1.03 0.006 0.360 0.374 0.346 0.509 0.535 0.482 0.71 -0.149

2004 0.168 0.179 0.157 0.161 0.179 0.145 1.04 0.007 0.368 0.380 0.356 0.500 0.523 0.477 0.74 -0.132

2005 0.172 0.181 0.162 0.164 0.180 0.149 1.05 0.008 0.376 0.387 0.366 0.492 0.512 0.472 0.77 -0.115

2006 0.176 0.184 0.167 0.167 0.181 0.153 1.05 0.009 0.385 0.395 0.375 0.483 0.502 0.465 0.80 -0.098

2007 0.180 0.188 0.172 0.170 0.184 0.156 1.06 0.010 0.393 0.403 0.384 0.475 0.493 0.456 0.83 -0.081

2008 0.184 0.192 0.176 0.173 0.188 0.158 1.06 0.011 0.402 0.412 0.392 0.466 0.486 0.447 0.86 -0.064

2009 0.188 0.197 0.179 0.176 0.193 0.160 1.07 0.012 0.410 0.421 0.399 0.458 0.480 0.436 0.90 -0.047

2010 0.192 0.203 0.182 0.179 0.199 0.160 1.08 0.014 0.418 0.431 0.406 0.449 0.474 0.424 0.93 -0.031

2011 0.197 0.209 0.184 0.182 0.205 0.161 1.08 0.015 0.427 0.442 0.412 0.440 0.469 0.412 0.97 -0.014

2012 0.201 0.216 0.187 0.185 0.212 0.160 1.09 0.016 0.435 0.452 0.418 0.432 0.465 0.399 1.01 0.003

2013 0.205 0.223 0.189 0.188 0.220 0.160 1.09 0.017 0.443 0.463 0.424 0.423 0.460 0.386 1.05 0.020

2014 0.209 0.229 0.190 0.191 0.227 0.160 1.09 0.018 0.451 0.473 0.429 0.414 0.456 0.373 1.09 0.037

2015 0.213 0.237 0.192 0.194 0.235 0.159 1.10 0.019 0.459 0.484 0.434 0.405 0.452 0.361 1.13 0.053

2016 0.218 0.244 0.194 0.198 0.244 0.158 1.10 0.020 0.466 0.494 0.439 0.397 0.448 0.348 1.18 0.070

2017 0.222 0.251 0.195 0.201 0.252 0.158 1.11 0.021 0.474 0.504 0.444 0.388 0.444 0.335 1.22 0.086

2018 0.226 0.259 0.197 0.204 0.261 0.157 1.11 0.022 0.481 0.514 0.448 0.379 0.440 0.323 1.27 0.102

2019 0.230 0.266 0.198 0.207 0.270 0.156 1.11 0.023 0.488 0.524 0.453 0.371 0.435 0.311 1.32 0.118

2020 0.234 0.274 0.199 0.210 0.279 0.155 1.11 0.024 0.495 0.534 0.457 0.362 0.431 0.298 1.37 0.133

2021 0.239 0.282 0.200 0.214 0.288 0.154 1.12 0.025 0.502 0.543 0.461 0.354 0.427 0.287 1.42 0.149

2022 0.243 0.289 0.202 0.217 0.298 0.153 1.12 0.026 0.509 0.553 0.465 0.345 0.423 0.275 1.47 0.164

2023 0.247 0.297 0.203 0.220 0.307 0.152 1.12 0.027 0.515 0.562 0.468 0.337 0.419 0.263 1.53 0.179

2024 0.251 0.305 0.204 0.223 0.317 0.151 1.12 0.028 0.521 0.571 0.472 0.328 0.414 0.252 1.59 0.193

2025 0.255 0.313 0.204 0.226 0.327 0.150 1.13 0.029 0.527 0.579 0.475 0.320 0.410 0.241 1.65 0.207

2026 0.259 0.321 0.205 0.230 0.337 0.149 1.13 0.029 0.533 0.587 0.478 0.312 0.406 0.231 1.71 0.221

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2027 0.263 0.329 0.206 0.233 0.347 0.148 1.13 0.030 0.538 0.595 0.480 0.304 0.402 0.221 1.77 0.235

2028 0.267 0.336 0.207 0.236 0.357 0.146 1.13 0.031 0.543 0.603 0.483 0.295 0.397 0.211 1.84 0.248

2029 0.270 0.344 0.207 0.239 0.368 0.145 1.13 0.031 0.548 0.611 0.485 0.287 0.393 0.201 1.91 0.261

2030 0.274 0.352 0.208 0.242 0.378 0.144 1.13 0.032 0.553 0.618 0.487 0.280 0.389 0.191 1.98 0.274

2031 0.278 0.360 0.208 0.245 0.389 0.143 1.13 0.032 0.558 0.625 0.488 0.272 0.384 0.182 2.05 0.286

2032 0.281 0.368 0.209 0.249 0.399 0.141 1.13 0.033 0.562 0.631 0.490 0.264 0.380 0.174 2.13 0.298

2033 0.285 0.376 0.209 0.252 0.410 0.140 1.13 0.033 0.566 0.638 0.491 0.256 0.376 0.165 2.21 0.309

2034 0.289 0.384 0.209 0.255 0.420 0.139 1.13 0.034 0.569 0.644 0.492 0.249 0.371 0.157 2.29 0.320

2035 0.292 0.391 0.209 0.258 0.431 0.138 1.13 0.034 0.573 0.650 0.493 0.242 0.367 0.149 2.37 0.331

2036 0.296 0.399 0.210 0.261 0.441 0.136 1.13 0.035 0.576 0.655 0.493 0.234 0.362 0.142 2.46 0.342

2037 0.299 0.407 0.210 0.264 0.452 0.135 1.13 0.035 0.579 0.661 0.493 0.227 0.358 0.135 2.55 0.352

2038 0.302 0.415 0.210 0.267 0.463 0.134 1.13 0.035 0.582 0.666 0.493 0.220 0.354 0.128 2.64 0.362

2039 0.306 0.422 0.210 0.270 0.473 0.132 1.13 0.036 0.585 0.671 0.493 0.214 0.349 0.121 2.74 0.371

2040 0.309 0.430 0.209 0.273 0.484 0.131 1.13 0.036 0.587 0.675 0.493 0.207 0.345 0.115 2.84 0.380

2041 0.312 0.437 0.209 0.276 0.494 0.129 1.13 0.036 0.589 0.680 0.492 0.200 0.340 0.109 2.94 0.389

2042 0.315 0.445 0.209 0.279 0.505 0.128 1.13 0.036 0.591 0.684 0.491 0.194 0.336 0.103 3.05 0.397

2043 0.318 0.452 0.209 0.282 0.515 0.126 1.13 0.037 0.593 0.688 0.490 0.188 0.331 0.097 3.16 0.405

2044 0.321 0.460 0.208 0.284 0.525 0.125 1.13 0.037 0.595 0.692 0.489 0.182 0.327 0.092 3.28 0.413

2045 0.324 0.467 0.208 0.287 0.536 0.123 1.13 0.037 0.596 0.696 0.488 0.176 0.323 0.087 3.40 0.421

2046 0.327 0.474 0.208 0.290 0.546 0.122 1.13 0.037 0.597 0.699 0.486 0.170 0.318 0.082 3.52 0.428

2047 0.330 0.482 0.207 0.293 0.556 0.120 1.13 0.037 0.599 0.703 0.485 0.164 0.314 0.078 3.65 0.435

2048 0.333 0.489 0.207 0.296 0.566 0.119 1.13 0.038 0.600 0.706 0.483 0.158 0.310 0.073 3.78 0.441

2049 0.336 0.496 0.206 0.298 0.576 0.117 1.13 0.038 0.600 0.709 0.481 0.153 0.305 0.069 3.92 0.447

2050 0.339 0.503 0.206 0.301 0.585 0.116 1.13 0.038 0.601 0.712 0.479 0.148 0.301 0.065 4.07 0.453

Table 2 Obesity and overweight projections by education level and measures of inequality, females

Less than tertiary Tertiary Inequality Less than tertiary Tertiary Inequality

Year BMI=>30 Upper CI Lower CI BMI=>30 Upper CI Lower CI PR PD BMI=>25 Upper CI Lower CI BMI=>25 Upper CI Lower CI PR PD

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2001 0.172 0.187 0.158 0.117 0.135 0.101 1.48 0.056 0.298 0.314 0.282 0.248 0.272 0.225 1.20 0.051

2002 0.180 0.193 0.167 0.117 0.133 0.103 1.54 0.063 0.300 0.314 0.286 0.245 0.266 0.225 1.22 0.054

2003 0.187 0.199 0.175 0.117 0.131 0.105 1.59 0.070 0.301 0.314 0.289 0.243 0.261 0.226 1.24 0.058

2004 0.195 0.206 0.184 0.118 0.130 0.107 1.65 0.077 0.303 0.313 0.292 0.241 0.256 0.226 1.26 0.062

2005 0.203 0.213 0.193 0.118 0.129 0.109 1.71 0.085 0.304 0.313 0.295 0.238 0.252 0.226 1.27 0.066

2006 0.211 0.220 0.202 0.119 0.128 0.110 1.78 0.092 0.305 0.314 0.297 0.236 0.248 0.225 1.29 0.069

2007 0.219 0.228 0.211 0.119 0.128 0.111 1.84 0.100 0.306 0.315 0.298 0.234 0.245 0.223 1.31 0.073

2008 0.228 0.236 0.220 0.120 0.129 0.111 1.91 0.108 0.308 0.316 0.299 0.232 0.243 0.221 1.33 0.076

2009 0.236 0.246 0.227 0.120 0.130 0.111 1.97 0.117 0.309 0.318 0.299 0.229 0.242 0.217 1.35 0.079

2010 0.245 0.256 0.235 0.120 0.132 0.110 2.04 0.125 0.310 0.320 0.299 0.227 0.241 0.214 1.36 0.082

2011 0.254 0.267 0.242 0.121 0.134 0.109 2.10 0.133 0.311 0.323 0.298 0.225 0.241 0.209 1.38 0.086

2012 0.263 0.279 0.249 0.121 0.137 0.107 2.17 0.142 0.311 0.326 0.297 0.223 0.242 0.205 1.40 0.089

2013 0.273 0.290 0.256 0.122 0.140 0.106 2.24 0.151 0.312 0.329 0.296 0.221 0.242 0.201 1.41 0.091

2014 0.282 0.303 0.262 0.122 0.143 0.104 2.31 0.160 0.313 0.331 0.295 0.218 0.243 0.196 1.43 0.094

2015 0.292 0.315 0.269 0.122 0.146 0.102 2.38 0.169 0.313 0.334 0.293 0.216 0.243 0.192 1.45 0.097

2016 0.301 0.328 0.275 0.123 0.149 0.101 2.45 0.178 0.314 0.337 0.291 0.214 0.244 0.187 1.47 0.100

2017 0.311 0.341 0.282 0.123 0.152 0.099 2.52 0.188 0.314 0.340 0.290 0.212 0.245 0.183 1.48 0.102

2018 0.320 0.354 0.288 0.124 0.156 0.098 2.59 0.197 0.314 0.342 0.288 0.210 0.245 0.178 1.50 0.105

2019 0.330 0.367 0.295 0.124 0.159 0.096 2.66 0.206 0.315 0.345 0.286 0.208 0.246 0.174 1.51 0.107

2020 0.340 0.381 0.301 0.124 0.163 0.094 2.73 0.215 0.315 0.348 0.284 0.206 0.247 0.170 1.53 0.109

2021 0.350 0.394 0.308 0.125 0.166 0.093 2.80 0.225 0.315 0.350 0.282 0.203 0.248 0.165 1.55 0.111

2022 0.359 0.408 0.314 0.125 0.170 0.091 2.87 0.234 0.315 0.352 0.279 0.201 0.249 0.161 1.56 0.113

2023 0.369 0.421 0.320 0.126 0.174 0.089 2.94 0.244 0.315 0.355 0.277 0.199 0.250 0.157 1.58 0.115

2024 0.379 0.435 0.326 0.126 0.178 0.088 3.01 0.253 0.314 0.357 0.275 0.197 0.250 0.153 1.59 0.117

2025 0.389 0.448 0.332 0.126 0.182 0.086 3.07 0.262 0.314 0.359 0.272 0.195 0.251 0.149 1.61 0.119

2026 0.398 0.461 0.338 0.127 0.186 0.085 3.14 0.271 0.314 0.361 0.270 0.193 0.252 0.145 1.63 0.121

2027 0.408 0.475 0.344 0.127 0.190 0.083 3.21 0.281 0.313 0.364 0.267 0.191 0.253 0.142 1.64 0.122

2028 0.417 0.488 0.350 0.128 0.194 0.082 3.27 0.290 0.313 0.366 0.265 0.189 0.254 0.138 1.66 0.124

2029 0.426 0.501 0.355 0.128 0.198 0.080 3.33 0.298 0.313 0.368 0.262 0.187 0.255 0.134 1.67 0.125

2030 0.436 0.514 0.361 0.128 0.202 0.079 3.39 0.307 0.312 0.370 0.260 0.185 0.256 0.131 1.69 0.127

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2031 0.445 0.526 0.366 0.129 0.207 0.077 3.45 0.316 0.311 0.371 0.257 0.183 0.256 0.127 1.70 0.128

2032 0.454 0.539 0.371 0.129 0.211 0.076 3.51 0.325 0.311 0.373 0.254 0.181 0.257 0.124 1.72 0.130

2033 0.462 0.551 0.376 0.130 0.216 0.075 3.57 0.333 0.310 0.375 0.252 0.179 0.258 0.121 1.73 0.131

2034 0.471 0.563 0.381 0.130 0.220 0.073 3.62 0.341 0.309 0.377 0.249 0.177 0.259 0.117 1.74 0.132

2035 0.480 0.575 0.386 0.130 0.225 0.072 3.68 0.349 0.309 0.379 0.246 0.175 0.260 0.114 1.76 0.133

2036 0.488 0.586 0.391 0.131 0.229 0.071 3.73 0.357 0.308 0.380 0.244 0.173 0.261 0.111 1.77 0.134

2037 0.496 0.597 0.395 0.131 0.234 0.069 3.78 0.365 0.307 0.382 0.241 0.172 0.262 0.108 1.79 0.135

2038 0.504 0.608 0.400 0.132 0.239 0.068 3.83 0.372 0.306 0.384 0.238 0.170 0.262 0.105 1.80 0.137

2039 0.512 0.619 0.404 0.132 0.244 0.067 3.88 0.380 0.305 0.385 0.236 0.168 0.263 0.102 1.82 0.138

2040 0.519 0.629 0.408 0.132 0.249 0.066 3.92 0.387 0.304 0.387 0.233 0.166 0.264 0.099 1.84 0.139

2041 0.527 0.639 0.411 0.133 0.254 0.064 3.97 0.394 0.304 0.389 0.230 0.164 0.265 0.097 1.85 0.140

2042 0.534 0.649 0.415 0.133 0.259 0.063 4.01 0.401 0.303 0.390 0.228 0.162 0.266 0.094 1.87 0.141

2043 0.541 0.658 0.418 0.133 0.264 0.062 4.05 0.407 0.302 0.392 0.225 0.160 0.267 0.091 1.88 0.142

2044 0.547 0.667 0.422 0.134 0.269 0.061 4.09 0.414 0.301 0.394 0.222 0.159 0.267 0.089 1.90 0.143

2045 0.554 0.676 0.425 0.134 0.275 0.060 4.13 0.420 0.300 0.395 0.220 0.157 0.268 0.086 1.92 0.144

2046 0.560 0.685 0.428 0.135 0.280 0.059 4.17 0.426 0.300 0.397 0.217 0.155 0.269 0.084 1.93 0.145

2047 0.566 0.693 0.430 0.135 0.285 0.057 4.20 0.431 0.299 0.399 0.215 0.153 0.270 0.081 1.95 0.146

2048 0.572 0.701 0.433 0.135 0.291 0.056 4.23 0.437 0.298 0.401 0.212 0.151 0.271 0.079 1.97 0.147

2049 0.578 0.709 0.435 0.136 0.296 0.055 4.26 0.442 0.297 0.402 0.210 0.150 0.272 0.077 1.99 0.148

2050 0.584 0.716 0.437 0.136 0.302 0.054 4.29 0.448 0.296 0.404 0.207 0.148 0.272 0.075 2.00 0.149

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Smoking projections by education

Figure 5 Smoking projections among women with less than tertiary education

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Figure 6 Smoking projections among women with tertiary education

Figure 7 Smoking projections among men with less than tertiary education

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Figure 8 Smoking projections among men with tertiary education

Table 3 Smoking projections by education level and inequality, males

Less than tertiary Tertiary Inequality

Year Smoking Upper CI Lower CI Smoking Upper CI Lower CI PR PD

2001 0.593 0.625 0.559 0.358 0.418 0.301 1.66 0.235

2002 0.581 0.610 0.552 0.346 0.398 0.297 1.68 0.235

2003 0.569 0.594 0.544 0.335 0.379 0.293 1.70 0.235

2004 0.558 0.580 0.535 0.324 0.362 0.287 1.72 0.234

2005 0.546 0.565 0.526 0.313 0.346 0.281 1.75 0.233

2006 0.534 0.551 0.516 0.302 0.333 0.273 1.77 0.232

2007 0.522 0.539 0.505 0.291 0.322 0.263 1.79 0.231

2008 0.510 0.528 0.492 0.281 0.314 0.251 1.81 0.229

2009 0.498 0.518 0.478 0.271 0.307 0.238 1.84 0.227

2010 0.486 0.509 0.463 0.261 0.302 0.224 1.86 0.225

2011 0.474 0.501 0.448 0.251 0.297 0.211 1.89 0.223

2012 0.462 0.493 0.432 0.242 0.294 0.197 1.91 0.220

2013 0.450 0.485 0.416 0.233 0.290 0.184 1.93 0.218

2014 0.439 0.477 0.401 0.224 0.287 0.172 1.96 0.215

2015 0.427 0.470 0.385 0.215 0.284 0.160 1.98 0.211

2016 0.415 0.463 0.369 0.207 0.281 0.148 2.01 0.208

2017 0.404 0.455 0.354 0.199 0.279 0.138 2.03 0.205

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2018 0.392 0.448 0.339 0.191 0.276 0.127 2.05 0.201

2019 0.381 0.441 0.324 0.183 0.274 0.118 2.08 0.198

2020 0.370 0.434 0.310 0.176 0.271 0.109 2.10 0.194

2021 0.359 0.427 0.296 0.169 0.269 0.101 2.13 0.190

2022 0.348 0.420 0.282 0.162 0.266 0.093 2.15 0.186

2023 0.337 0.413 0.268 0.155 0.264 0.086 2.17 0.182

2024 0.326 0.406 0.255 0.148 0.262 0.079 2.20 0.178

2025 0.316 0.399 0.243 0.142 0.260 0.073 2.22 0.174

2026 0.306 0.393 0.231 0.136 0.257 0.067 2.25 0.170

2027 0.296 0.386 0.219 0.130 0.255 0.062 2.27 0.165

2028 0.286 0.379 0.208 0.125 0.253 0.057 2.29 0.161

2029 0.276 0.373 0.197 0.119 0.251 0.052 2.31 0.157

2030 0.267 0.366 0.186 0.114 0.249 0.048 2.34 0.153

2031 0.257 0.360 0.176 0.109 0.247 0.044 2.36 0.148

2032 0.248 0.353 0.167 0.104 0.245 0.040 2.38 0.144

2033 0.240 0.347 0.158 0.100 0.242 0.037 2.40 0.140

2034 0.231 0.340 0.149 0.095 0.240 0.034 2.43 0.136

2035 0.223 0.334 0.140 0.091 0.238 0.031 2.45 0.132

2036 0.214 0.328 0.132 0.087 0.236 0.028 2.47 0.128

2037 0.206 0.322 0.125 0.083 0.234 0.026 2.49 0.123

2038 0.199 0.316 0.118 0.079 0.232 0.024 2.51 0.120

2039 0.191 0.310 0.111 0.076 0.230 0.022 2.53 0.116

2040 0.184 0.304 0.104 0.072 0.228 0.020 2.55 0.112

2041 0.177 0.298 0.098 0.069 0.226 0.018 2.57 0.108

2042 0.170 0.292 0.092 0.066 0.224 0.017 2.59 0.104

2043 0.163 0.286 0.087 0.063 0.222 0.015 2.61 0.101

2044 0.157 0.280 0.082 0.060 0.221 0.014 2.62 0.097

2045 0.151 0.275 0.077 0.057 0.219 0.013 2.64 0.094

2046 0.145 0.269 0.072 0.054 0.217 0.012 2.66 0.090

2047 0.139 0.264 0.068 0.052 0.215 0.011 2.68 0.087

2048 0.133 0.258 0.064 0.049 0.213 0.010 2.70 0.084

2049 0.128 0.253 0.060 0.047 0.211 0.009 2.71 0.081

2050 0.123 0.248 0.056 0.045 0.209 0.008 2.74 0.078

Table 4 Smoking projections by education level and inequality, females

Less than tertiary Tertiary Inequality

Year Smoking Upper CI Lower CI Smoking Upper CI Lower CI PR PD

2001 0.219 0.245 0.195 0.219 0.263 0.180 1.00 0.000

2002 0.218 0.241 0.197 0.213 0.251 0.180 1.02 0.005

2003 0.217 0.237 0.199 0.207 0.239 0.179 1.05 0.010

2004 0.217 0.234 0.201 0.202 0.228 0.178 1.07 0.015

2005 0.216 0.231 0.202 0.196 0.219 0.176 1.10 0.020

2006 0.215 0.229 0.203 0.191 0.210 0.173 1.13 0.024

2007 0.215 0.227 0.203 0.186 0.204 0.169 1.16 0.029

2008 0.214 0.227 0.201 0.180 0.199 0.163 1.19 0.034

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2009 0.213 0.228 0.199 0.175 0.196 0.157 1.22 0.038

2010 0.213 0.229 0.197 0.170 0.194 0.149 1.25 0.042

2011 0.212 0.231 0.194 0.166 0.193 0.142 1.28 0.046

2012 0.211 0.233 0.191 0.161 0.192 0.134 1.31 0.050

2013 0.211 0.236 0.187 0.156 0.191 0.127 1.35 0.054

2014 0.210 0.238 0.184 0.152 0.191 0.120 1.38 0.058

2015 0.209 0.241 0.180 0.147 0.190 0.113 1.42 0.062

2016 0.209 0.244 0.177 0.143 0.190 0.106 1.46 0.065

2017 0.208 0.247 0.174 0.139 0.190 0.100 1.50 0.069

2018 0.207 0.250 0.170 0.135 0.190 0.094 1.54 0.072

2019 0.207 0.253 0.167 0.131 0.190 0.088 1.58 0.076

2020 0.206 0.256 0.163 0.127 0.190 0.083 1.62 0.079

2021 0.205 0.259 0.160 0.123 0.190 0.078 1.66 0.082

2022 0.205 0.262 0.157 0.120 0.190 0.073 1.71 0.085

2023 0.204 0.265 0.154 0.116 0.190 0.068 1.76 0.088

2024 0.203 0.269 0.150 0.112 0.190 0.064 1.81 0.091

2025 0.203 0.272 0.147 0.109 0.190 0.060 1.86 0.094

2026 0.202 0.275 0.144 0.106 0.190 0.056 1.91 0.096

2027 0.201 0.278 0.141 0.103 0.190 0.053 1.96 0.099

2028 0.201 0.282 0.138 0.099 0.190 0.049 2.02 0.101

2029 0.200 0.285 0.135 0.096 0.190 0.046 2.07 0.104

2030 0.199 0.289 0.132 0.093 0.190 0.043 2.14 0.106

2031 0.199 0.292 0.130 0.091 0.190 0.040 2.19 0.108

2032 0.198 0.295 0.127 0.088 0.190 0.038 2.26 0.110

2033 0.197 0.299 0.124 0.085 0.191 0.035 2.32 0.112

2034 0.197 0.302 0.121 0.082 0.191 0.033 2.39 0.114

2035 0.196 0.306 0.119 0.080 0.191 0.031 2.46 0.116

2036 0.195 0.310 0.116 0.077 0.191 0.029 2.53 0.118

2037 0.195 0.313 0.114 0.075 0.191 0.027 2.60 0.120

2038 0.194 0.317 0.111 0.072 0.191 0.025 2.68 0.122

2039 0.193 0.320 0.109 0.070 0.191 0.024 2.75 0.123

2040 0.193 0.324 0.106 0.068 0.191 0.022 2.84 0.125

2041 0.192 0.328 0.104 0.066 0.191 0.021 2.92 0.126

2042 0.191 0.331 0.102 0.064 0.192 0.019 3.00 0.128

2043 0.191 0.335 0.099 0.062 0.192 0.018 3.09 0.129

2044 0.190 0.339 0.097 0.060 0.192 0.017 3.19 0.131

2045 0.190 0.343 0.095 0.058 0.192 0.016 3.28 0.132

2046 0.189 0.347 0.093 0.056 0.192 0.015 3.38 0.133

2047 0.188 0.350 0.091 0.054 0.192 0.014 3.48 0.134

2048 0.188 0.354 0.089 0.052 0.192 0.013 3.58 0.135

2049 0.187 0.358 0.087 0.051 0.192 0.012 3.69 0.136

2050 0.186 0.362 0.085 0.049 0.193 0.011 3.80 0.137

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Appendix E4. Lithuania BMI-group and smoking projections by

education BMI projections by education level in Poland

Figure 1 Projected overweight and obesity prevalence among women with less than tertiary education

Figure 2 Projected overweight and obesity prevalence among women with tertiary education

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Figure 3 Projected overweight and obesity prevalence among men with less than tertiary education

Figure 4 Projected overweight and obesity prevalence among men with tertiary education

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Table 1 Obesity and overweight projections by level of education, women aged 15 a 100

Less than tertiary Tertiary Inequality Less than tertiary Tertiary Inequality

Year BMI=>30 Upper CI Lower CI BMI=>30 Upper CI Lower CI PR PD BMI=>25 Upper CI Lower CI BMI=>25 Upper CI Lower CI PR PD

1995 0.252 0.273 0.233 0.214 0.236 0.195 1.18 0.038 0.104 0.125 0.086 0.050 0.073 0.033 2.09 0.054

1996 0.257 0.276 0.238 0.216 0.235 0.197 1.19 0.041 0.108 0.128 0.091 0.051 0.073 0.036 2.10 0.056

1997 0.261 0.279 0.244 0.217 0.234 0.200 1.20 0.044 0.112 0.130 0.096 0.053 0.073 0.038 2.11 0.059

1998 0.265 0.281 0.250 0.218 0.234 0.203 1.22 0.048 0.116 0.133 0.101 0.055 0.073 0.041 2.12 0.061

1999 0.270 0.284 0.256 0.219 0.233 0.205 1.23 0.051 0.120 0.136 0.106 0.056 0.073 0.043 2.13 0.064

2000 0.274 0.287 0.261 0.220 0.233 0.207 1.25 0.054 0.125 0.139 0.112 0.058 0.074 0.046 2.14 0.067

2001 0.278 0.291 0.266 0.221 0.233 0.209 1.26 0.057 0.130 0.143 0.117 0.060 0.074 0.049 2.15 0.069

2002 0.283 0.294 0.271 0.222 0.234 0.211 1.27 0.061 0.134 0.147 0.123 0.062 0.075 0.051 2.16 0.072

2003 0.287 0.298 0.276 0.223 0.235 0.212 1.29 0.064 0.139 0.151 0.128 0.064 0.077 0.054 2.17 0.075

2004 0.291 0.303 0.280 0.224 0.236 0.213 1.30 0.067 0.144 0.156 0.133 0.066 0.079 0.056 2.18 0.078

2005 0.296 0.308 0.283 0.225 0.238 0.213 1.31 0.070 0.149 0.162 0.138 0.068 0.082 0.057 2.19 0.081

2006 0.300 0.314 0.287 0.226 0.240 0.213 1.33 0.074 0.155 0.169 0.142 0.070 0.085 0.058 2.20 0.084

2007 0.304 0.320 0.290 0.227 0.243 0.213 1.34 0.077 0.160 0.176 0.146 0.073 0.089 0.059 2.20 0.087

2008 0.309 0.326 0.292 0.228 0.246 0.212 1.35 0.080 0.166 0.183 0.149 0.075 0.094 0.060 2.21 0.091

2009 0.313 0.332 0.294 0.230 0.248 0.212 1.36 0.083 0.171 0.192 0.152 0.077 0.100 0.060 2.21 0.094

2010 0.317 0.338 0.297 0.231 0.252 0.211 1.38 0.087 0.177 0.201 0.156 0.080 0.106 0.060 2.22 0.097

2011 0.321 0.345 0.299 0.232 0.255 0.210 1.39 0.090 0.183 0.210 0.159 0.082 0.112 0.060 2.22 0.101

2012 0.325 0.351 0.301 0.233 0.258 0.209 1.40 0.093 0.189 0.220 0.162 0.085 0.119 0.060 2.23 0.104

2013 0.330 0.358 0.302 0.234 0.261 0.208 1.41 0.096 0.195 0.230 0.164 0.087 0.126 0.060 2.23 0.107

2014 0.334 0.364 0.304 0.235 0.265 0.207 1.42 0.099 0.201 0.240 0.167 0.090 0.134 0.059 2.23 0.111

2015 0.338 0.371 0.306 0.236 0.268 0.206 1.43 0.102 0.207 0.250 0.170 0.093 0.143 0.059 2.23 0.115

2016 0.341 0.378 0.307 0.236 0.272 0.205 1.44 0.105 0.214 0.261 0.173 0.096 0.152 0.059 2.23 0.118

2017 0.345 0.384 0.309 0.237 0.275 0.203 1.45 0.108 0.220 0.273 0.175 0.099 0.161 0.059 2.23 0.122

2018 0.349 0.391 0.310 0.238 0.279 0.202 1.46 0.111 0.227 0.284 0.178 0.102 0.171 0.058 2.23 0.125

2019 0.353 0.397 0.311 0.239 0.282 0.201 1.47 0.114 0.233 0.296 0.180 0.105 0.182 0.058 2.23 0.129

2020 0.356 0.404 0.312 0.240 0.286 0.200 1.48 0.116 0.240 0.308 0.183 0.108 0.193 0.058 2.23 0.132

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2021 0.360 0.410 0.313 0.241 0.289 0.199 1.49 0.119 0.247 0.320 0.185 0.111 0.204 0.057 2.22 0.136

2022 0.363 0.416 0.314 0.242 0.293 0.197 1.50 0.122 0.253 0.332 0.188 0.114 0.216 0.057 2.22 0.139

2023 0.367 0.422 0.315 0.243 0.297 0.196 1.51 0.124 0.260 0.345 0.190 0.117 0.228 0.056 2.22 0.143

2024 0.370 0.429 0.315 0.244 0.300 0.195 1.52 0.127 0.267 0.357 0.192 0.121 0.241 0.056 2.21 0.146

2025 0.373 0.435 0.316 0.244 0.304 0.193 1.53 0.129 0.274 0.370 0.195 0.124 0.255 0.056 2.20 0.149

2026 0.376 0.441 0.316 0.245 0.308 0.192 1.53 0.131 0.280 0.383 0.197 0.128 0.269 0.055 2.20 0.153

2027 0.379 0.447 0.317 0.246 0.311 0.191 1.54 0.133 0.287 0.395 0.199 0.131 0.283 0.055 2.19 0.156

2028 0.382 0.452 0.317 0.247 0.315 0.189 1.55 0.136 0.294 0.408 0.201 0.135 0.298 0.054 2.18 0.159

2029 0.385 0.458 0.317 0.247 0.318 0.188 1.56 0.138 0.301 0.421 0.203 0.139 0.313 0.054 2.17 0.162

2030 0.388 0.464 0.317 0.248 0.322 0.187 1.56 0.139 0.308 0.434 0.205 0.143 0.329 0.053 2.16 0.165

2031 0.390 0.469 0.317 0.249 0.326 0.185 1.57 0.141 0.314 0.447 0.207 0.147 0.345 0.053 2.15 0.168

2032 0.393 0.474 0.317 0.250 0.329 0.184 1.57 0.143 0.321 0.459 0.208 0.151 0.362 0.053 2.13 0.171

2033 0.395 0.480 0.316 0.250 0.333 0.182 1.58 0.145 0.328 0.472 0.210 0.155 0.378 0.052 2.12 0.173

2034 0.397 0.485 0.316 0.251 0.337 0.181 1.58 0.147 0.334 0.485 0.212 0.159 0.395 0.052 2.11 0.176

2035 0.399 0.490 0.315 0.251 0.340 0.179 1.59 0.148 0.341 0.497 0.213 0.163 0.413 0.051 2.09 0.178

2036 0.402 0.495 0.315 0.252 0.344 0.178 1.59 0.150 0.347 0.509 0.214 0.167 0.430 0.051 2.08 0.180

2037 0.403 0.500 0.314 0.253 0.348 0.177 1.60 0.151 0.354 0.522 0.216 0.171 0.448 0.050 2.06 0.182

2038 0.405 0.504 0.313 0.253 0.351 0.175 1.60 0.152 0.360 0.534 0.217 0.176 0.465 0.050 2.05 0.184

2039 0.407 0.509 0.313 0.254 0.355 0.174 1.61 0.154 0.366 0.545 0.218 0.180 0.483 0.049 2.03 0.186

2040 0.409 0.514 0.312 0.254 0.359 0.172 1.61 0.155 0.372 0.557 0.219 0.185 0.501 0.049 2.02 0.188

2041 0.410 0.518 0.311 0.255 0.362 0.171 1.61 0.156 0.379 0.568 0.220 0.189 0.518 0.048 2.00 0.189

2042 0.412 0.522 0.310 0.255 0.366 0.169 1.61 0.157 0.384 0.579 0.221 0.194 0.536 0.048 1.98 0.191

2043 0.413 0.527 0.308 0.255 0.369 0.167 1.62 0.158 0.390 0.590 0.221 0.199 0.554 0.047 1.96 0.192

2044 0.415 0.531 0.307 0.256 0.373 0.166 1.62 0.159 0.396 0.601 0.222 0.203 0.571 0.047 1.95 0.193

2045 0.416 0.535 0.306 0.256 0.376 0.164 1.62 0.160 0.401 0.612 0.222 0.208 0.588 0.046 1.93 0.193

2046 0.417 0.539 0.305 0.257 0.380 0.163 1.63 0.161 0.407 0.622 0.223 0.213 0.605 0.046 1.91 0.194

2047 0.418 0.543 0.303 0.257 0.383 0.161 1.63 0.161 0.412 0.632 0.223 0.218 0.621 0.045 1.89 0.194

2048 0.419 0.547 0.302 0.257 0.387 0.160 1.63 0.162 0.417 0.641 0.223 0.223 0.638 0.045 1.87 0.195

2049 0.420 0.551 0.300 0.257 0.390 0.158 1.63 0.163 0.423 0.651 0.223 0.228 0.654 0.044 1.85 0.195

2050 0.421 0.555 0.299 0.258 0.394 0.157 1.63 0.164 0.427 0.660 0.223 0.233 0.669 0.044 1.83 0.194

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a Prevalence Ratio (PR): Prevalence among individuals with less than tertiary education/prevalence among those with tertiary education; Prevalence difference (PD):

Prevalence among individuals with less than tertiary education – prevalence among those with tertiary education.

Table 2 Obesity and overweight projections by level of education, men aged 15 to 100

Less than tertiary Tertiary Inequality Less than tertiary Tertiary Inequality

Year BMI=>30 Upper CI Lower CI BMI=>30 Upper CI Lower CI PR PD BMI=>25 Upper CI Lower CI BMI=>25 Upper CI Lower CI PR PD

1995 0.365 0.386 0.345 0.481 0.502 0.461 0.76 -0.116 0.093 0.114 0.076 0.094 0.116 0.076 0.99 -0.001

1996 0.372 0.391 0.353 0.480 0.499 0.461 0.77 -0.109 0.098 0.118 0.081 0.098 0.118 0.081 1.00 0.000

1997 0.378 0.395 0.361 0.479 0.496 0.462 0.79 -0.101 0.103 0.121 0.087 0.101 0.120 0.085 1.02 0.002

1998 0.384 0.400 0.368 0.478 0.493 0.462 0.80 -0.094 0.108 0.125 0.093 0.104 0.122 0.089 1.03 0.003

1999 0.390 0.404 0.376 0.476 0.490 0.462 0.82 -0.086 0.113 0.129 0.099 0.108 0.124 0.094 1.05 0.005

2000 0.396 0.409 0.383 0.475 0.488 0.462 0.83 -0.079 0.118 0.133 0.105 0.112 0.126 0.099 1.06 0.007

2001 0.402 0.414 0.390 0.473 0.485 0.462 0.85 -0.072 0.124 0.138 0.111 0.115 0.129 0.103 1.07 0.008

2002 0.408 0.419 0.396 0.472 0.483 0.461 0.86 -0.064 0.130 0.143 0.118 0.119 0.132 0.108 1.09 0.010

2003 0.414 0.425 0.402 0.470 0.482 0.459 0.88 -0.057 0.136 0.148 0.124 0.123 0.135 0.112 1.10 0.013

2004 0.419 0.431 0.408 0.469 0.481 0.457 0.89 -0.050 0.142 0.154 0.131 0.127 0.139 0.116 1.11 0.015

2005 0.425 0.437 0.412 0.467 0.480 0.455 0.91 -0.042 0.148 0.161 0.136 0.131 0.144 0.120 1.13 0.017

2006 0.430 0.444 0.417 0.465 0.479 0.452 0.92 -0.035 0.155 0.168 0.142 0.136 0.150 0.123 1.14 0.019

2007 0.435 0.450 0.420 0.464 0.479 0.449 0.94 -0.028 0.161 0.177 0.147 0.140 0.156 0.126 1.15 0.021

2008 0.440 0.457 0.424 0.462 0.479 0.445 0.95 -0.021 0.168 0.186 0.152 0.145 0.163 0.128 1.16 0.024

2009 0.445 0.464 0.427 0.460 0.478 0.442 0.97 -0.015 0.175 0.196 0.156 0.149 0.170 0.130 1.18 0.026

2010 0.450 0.471 0.430 0.458 0.478 0.438 0.98 -0.008 0.182 0.207 0.160 0.154 0.177 0.133 1.19 0.029

2011 0.455 0.477 0.432 0.456 0.478 0.434 1.00 -0.001 0.190 0.218 0.165 0.158 0.186 0.135 1.20 0.031

2012 0.459 0.484 0.435 0.454 0.478 0.430 1.01 0.005 0.197 0.229 0.169 0.163 0.194 0.137 1.21 0.034

2013 0.463 0.490 0.437 0.452 0.478 0.426 1.02 0.011 0.205 0.241 0.172 0.168 0.203 0.138 1.22 0.037

2014 0.467 0.496 0.438 0.450 0.478 0.422 1.04 0.017 0.212 0.253 0.176 0.173 0.212 0.140 1.23 0.039

2015 0.471 0.502 0.440 0.448 0.478 0.418 1.05 0.023 0.220 0.266 0.180 0.178 0.222 0.142 1.23 0.042

2016 0.474 0.507 0.441 0.445 0.478 0.413 1.06 0.029 0.228 0.279 0.184 0.183 0.231 0.144 1.24 0.044

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2017 0.477 0.513 0.442 0.443 0.478 0.409 1.08 0.034 0.236 0.292 0.187 0.189 0.242 0.145 1.25 0.047

2018 0.480 0.518 0.443 0.441 0.477 0.405 1.09 0.040 0.244 0.306 0.191 0.194 0.252 0.147 1.26 0.050

2019 0.483 0.523 0.443 0.438 0.477 0.400 1.10 0.045 0.252 0.319 0.194 0.200 0.263 0.148 1.26 0.052

2020 0.485 0.528 0.443 0.436 0.477 0.396 1.11 0.050 0.260 0.333 0.198 0.205 0.274 0.150 1.27 0.055

2021 0.488 0.532 0.443 0.433 0.476 0.391 1.13 0.054 0.268 0.347 0.201 0.211 0.285 0.152 1.27 0.057

2022 0.490 0.537 0.443 0.431 0.476 0.386 1.14 0.059 0.276 0.361 0.204 0.216 0.297 0.153 1.27 0.059

2023 0.491 0.541 0.443 0.428 0.476 0.382 1.15 0.063 0.284 0.375 0.207 0.222 0.308 0.155 1.28 0.062

2024 0.493 0.544 0.442 0.425 0.475 0.377 1.16 0.068 0.292 0.390 0.210 0.228 0.320 0.156 1.28 0.064

2025 0.494 0.548 0.441 0.423 0.475 0.373 1.17 0.072 0.300 0.404 0.213 0.234 0.332 0.157 1.28 0.066

2026 0.496 0.551 0.440 0.420 0.474 0.368 1.18 0.076 0.308 0.418 0.215 0.240 0.345 0.159 1.28 0.068

2027 0.496 0.555 0.438 0.417 0.473 0.363 1.19 0.079 0.315 0.432 0.218 0.246 0.357 0.160 1.28 0.070

2028 0.497 0.558 0.437 0.414 0.473 0.358 1.20 0.083 0.323 0.446 0.220 0.252 0.370 0.162 1.28 0.071

2029 0.498 0.561 0.435 0.412 0.472 0.354 1.21 0.086 0.331 0.460 0.223 0.258 0.383 0.163 1.28 0.073

2030 0.498 0.563 0.433 0.409 0.471 0.349 1.22 0.089 0.338 0.474 0.225 0.264 0.396 0.164 1.28 0.074

2031 0.498 0.566 0.431 0.406 0.471 0.344 1.23 0.092 0.346 0.487 0.227 0.270 0.408 0.165 1.28 0.076

2032 0.498 0.568 0.429 0.403 0.470 0.340 1.24 0.095 0.353 0.501 0.229 0.276 0.422 0.167 1.28 0.077

2033 0.498 0.570 0.426 0.400 0.469 0.335 1.25 0.098 0.360 0.514 0.230 0.282 0.435 0.168 1.27 0.078

2034 0.498 0.572 0.424 0.397 0.468 0.330 1.25 0.101 0.367 0.527 0.232 0.289 0.448 0.169 1.27 0.078

2035 0.498 0.574 0.421 0.394 0.467 0.325 1.26 0.104 0.374 0.540 0.233 0.295 0.461 0.170 1.27 0.079

2036 0.497 0.576 0.418 0.391 0.467 0.321 1.27 0.106 0.380 0.552 0.234 0.301 0.474 0.171 1.26 0.079

2037 0.497 0.578 0.416 0.388 0.466 0.316 1.28 0.109 0.387 0.564 0.235 0.308 0.487 0.172 1.26 0.079

2038 0.496 0.580 0.413 0.385 0.465 0.311 1.29 0.111 0.393 0.576 0.236 0.314 0.500 0.173 1.25 0.079

2039 0.495 0.581 0.410 0.382 0.464 0.306 1.30 0.113 0.399 0.587 0.237 0.320 0.513 0.174 1.25 0.079

2040 0.495 0.583 0.407 0.379 0.463 0.302 1.31 0.116 0.405 0.599 0.238 0.327 0.526 0.175 1.24 0.079

2041 0.494 0.584 0.404 0.376 0.462 0.297 1.31 0.118 0.411 0.610 0.238 0.333 0.539 0.176 1.24 0.078

2042 0.493 0.586 0.401 0.373 0.461 0.293 1.32 0.120 0.417 0.620 0.238 0.339 0.551 0.177 1.23 0.078

2043 0.492 0.587 0.397 0.370 0.460 0.288 1.33 0.122 0.422 0.631 0.238 0.345 0.564 0.177 1.22 0.077

2044 0.491 0.589 0.394 0.367 0.459 0.284 1.34 0.124 0.428 0.641 0.238 0.352 0.576 0.178 1.22 0.076

2045 0.490 0.590 0.391 0.364 0.458 0.279 1.35 0.126 0.433 0.650 0.238 0.358 0.588 0.179 1.21 0.075

2046 0.489 0.591 0.388 0.361 0.457 0.275 1.36 0.128 0.437 0.660 0.238 0.364 0.600 0.180 1.20 0.073

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2047 0.488 0.593 0.385 0.358 0.456 0.270 1.36 0.130 0.442 0.669 0.237 0.370 0.612 0.180 1.19 0.072

2048 0.487 0.594 0.382 0.355 0.455 0.266 1.37 0.133 0.447 0.677 0.237 0.377 0.623 0.181 1.19 0.070

2049 0.486 0.595 0.378 0.352 0.454 0.262 1.38 0.135 0.451 0.686 0.236 0.383 0.635 0.181 1.18 0.068

2050 0.485 0.597 0.375 0.349 0.453 0.257 1.39 0.137 0.455 0.694 0.235 0.389 0.646 0.182 1.17 0.066 a Prevalence Ratio (PR): Prevalence among individuals with less than tertiary education/prevalence among those with tertiary education; Prevalence difference (PD):

Prevalence among individuals with less than tertiary education – prevalence among those with tertiary education.

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Appendix E6. Portugal BMI-group by education

BMI group projections by education level in Portugal

Figure 1 BMI group projections among males with less than tertiary education

Figure 2 BMI group projections among males with tertiary education

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Figure 3 BMI group projections among females with less than tertiary education

Figure 4 BMI group projections among females with tertiary education

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Table 1 Obesity and overweight projections by level of education, males aged 18 a 100

Less than tertiary Tertiary Inequality Less than tertiary Tertiary Inequality a

Year BMI=>30

Upper CI

Lower CI

BMI=>30

Upper CI

Lower CI PR PD

BMI=>25

Upper CI

Lower CI

BMI=>25

Upper CI

Lower CI PR PD

1996 0.109 0.126 0.094 0.051 0.069 0.038 2.12 0.058 0.4214 0.438 0.405 0.317 0.337 0.297 1.33 0.105

1997 0.112 0.128 0.099 0.055 0.071 0.042 2.06 0.058 0.422 0.437 0.408 0.324 0.342 0.306 1.30 0.099

1998 0.116 0.130 0.103 0.058 0.073 0.046 2.00 0.058 0.4226 0.436 0.410 0.330 0.347 0.314 1.28 0.092

1999 0.120 0.132 0.108 0.062 0.076 0.050 1.94 0.058 0.4231 0.435 0.411 0.337 0.352 0.323 1.25 0.086

2000 0.123 0.136 0.112 0.066 0.079 0.055 1.88 0.058 0.4236 0.435 0.412 0.344 0.358 0.330 1.23 0.080

2001 0.127 0.139 0.116 0.070 0.083 0.059 1.82 0.057 0.424 0.436 0.413 0.351 0.365 0.337 1.21 0.073

2002 0.131 0.144 0.120 0.074 0.087 0.063 1.76 0.057 0.4244 0.437 0.412 0.358 0.373 0.343 1.19 0.067

2003 0.135 0.149 0.123 0.079 0.093 0.067 1.71 0.056 0.4248 0.438 0.411 0.365 0.382 0.348 1.17 0.060

2004 0.140 0.155 0.126 0.084 0.099 0.071 1.66 0.056 0.4251 0.440 0.410 0.371 0.391 0.352 1.14 0.054

2005 0.144 0.161 0.128 0.089 0.107 0.074 1.62 0.055 0.4253 0.442 0.409 0.378 0.400 0.357 1.13 0.047

2006 0.148 0.169 0.130 0.094 0.116 0.077 1.57 0.054 0.4255 0.445 0.407 0.385 0.410 0.360 1.11 0.041

2007 0.153 0.176 0.132 0.100 0.126 0.079 1.52 0.053 0.4257 0.447 0.405 0.391 0.419 0.364 1.09 0.035

2008 0.157 0.184 0.134 0.106 0.136 0.082 1.48 0.051 0.4258 0.450 0.402 0.398 0.429 0.367 1.07 0.028

2009 0.162 0.193 0.135 0.112 0.148 0.084 1.44 0.050 0.4258 0.452 0.400 0.404 0.439 0.370 1.05 0.022

2010 0.167 0.201 0.137 0.119 0.161 0.086 1.40 0.048 0.4258 0.454 0.398 0.410 0.448 0.373 1.04 0.016

2011 0.171 0.210 0.138 0.125 0.175 0.088 1.37 0.046 0.4257 0.457 0.395 0.416 0.458 0.375 1.02 0.010

2012 0.176 0.220 0.140 0.132 0.190 0.090 1.33 0.044 0.4256 0.459 0.393 0.422 0.468 0.378 1.01 0.004

2013 0.181 0.230 0.141 0.139 0.205 0.092 1.30 0.042 0.4254 0.462 0.390 0.427 0.477 0.380 1.00 -0.002

2014 0.186 0.240 0.142 0.147 0.222 0.094 1.27 0.039 0.4251 0.464 0.387 0.433 0.486 0.381 0.98 -0.008

2015 0.191 0.250 0.144 0.155 0.239 0.096 1.24 0.037 0.4248 0.466 0.384 0.438 0.495 0.383 0.97 -0.013

2016 0.197 0.261 0.145 0.163 0.258 0.098 1.21 0.034 0.4245 0.469 0.381 0.443 0.503 0.384 0.96 -0.018

2017 0.202 0.272 0.146 0.171 0.277 0.100 1.18 0.031 0.4241 0.471 0.379 0.448 0.512 0.385 0.95 -0.023

2018 0.207 0.283 0.148 0.179 0.297 0.101 1.16 0.028 0.4236 0.473 0.376 0.452 0.520 0.386 0.94 -0.028

2019 0.213 0.294 0.149 0.188 0.317 0.103 1.13 0.025 0.4231 0.475 0.373 0.456 0.528 0.386 0.93 -0.033

2020 0.218 0.306 0.150 0.196 0.338 0.105 1.11 0.022 0.4225 0.477 0.369 0.460 0.535 0.386 0.92 -0.037

2021 0.224 0.318 0.151 0.205 0.360 0.106 1.09 0.018 0.4218 0.480 0.366 0.463 0.542 0.386 0.91 -0.042

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2022 0.229 0.330 0.152 0.214 0.382 0.107 1.07 0.015 0.4211 0.482 0.363 0.467 0.549 0.386 0.90 -0.046

2023 0.235 0.342 0.153 0.223 0.404 0.109 1.05 0.011 0.4204 0.483 0.360 0.470 0.556 0.385 0.90 -0.049

2024 0.241 0.355 0.154 0.233 0.427 0.110 1.03 0.008 0.4196 0.485 0.357 0.472 0.562 0.384 0.89 -0.053

2025 0.246 0.367 0.155 0.242 0.449 0.111 1.02 0.004 0.4187 0.487 0.353 0.475 0.568 0.383 0.88 -0.056

2026 0.252 0.380 0.156 0.251 0.472 0.112 1.00 0.001 0.4178 0.489 0.350 0.477 0.574 0.381 0.88 -0.059

2027 0.258 0.393 0.157 0.261 0.494 0.113 0.99 -0.003 0.4169 0.491 0.347 0.478 0.579 0.379 0.87 -0.062

2028 0.264 0.406 0.158 0.270 0.517 0.114 0.98 -0.007 0.4159 0.492 0.343 0.480 0.584 0.377 0.87 -0.064

2029 0.270 0.419 0.159 0.280 0.538 0.115 0.96 -0.010 0.4148 0.494 0.340 0.481 0.589 0.375 0.86 -0.066

2030 0.276 0.432 0.160 0.289 0.560 0.115 0.95 -0.014 0.4137 0.496 0.336 0.482 0.594 0.372 0.86 -0.069

2031 0.282 0.445 0.161 0.298 0.581 0.116 0.94 -0.017 0.4126 0.497 0.333 0.483 0.598 0.370 0.85 -0.070

2032 0.288 0.458 0.162 0.308 0.601 0.116 0.93 -0.020 0.4114 0.499 0.329 0.484 0.602 0.367 0.85 -0.072

2033 0.294 0.471 0.162 0.317 0.621 0.116 0.93 -0.023 0.4102 0.500 0.326 0.484 0.606 0.363 0.85 -0.074

2034 0.300 0.485 0.163 0.326 0.640 0.116 0.92 -0.026 0.4089 0.502 0.322 0.484 0.610 0.360 0.85 -0.075

2035 0.306 0.498 0.164 0.335 0.658 0.116 0.91 -0.029 0.4076 0.503 0.319 0.484 0.613 0.357 0.84 -0.076

2036 0.312 0.511 0.164 0.344 0.676 0.116 0.91 -0.032 0.4063 0.504 0.315 0.484 0.617 0.353 0.84 -0.077

2037 0.318 0.524 0.165 0.352 0.693 0.116 0.90 -0.034 0.4049 0.506 0.312 0.483 0.620 0.349 0.84 -0.078

2038 0.324 0.536 0.165 0.360 0.709 0.115 0.90 -0.037 0.4035 0.507 0.308 0.483 0.623 0.345 0.84 -0.079

2039 0.330 0.549 0.166 0.369 0.724 0.115 0.89 -0.039 0.4021 0.508 0.304 0.482 0.626 0.341 0.83 -0.080

2040 0.336 0.562 0.166 0.376 0.739 0.114 0.89 -0.041 0.4007 0.510 0.301 0.481 0.629 0.337 0.83 -0.081

2041 0.342 0.574 0.167 0.384 0.753 0.113 0.89 -0.042 0.3992 0.511 0.297 0.481 0.632 0.333 0.83 -0.081

2042 0.348 0.586 0.167 0.392 0.766 0.112 0.89 -0.044 0.3977 0.512 0.294 0.480 0.634 0.329 0.83 -0.082

2043 0.354 0.598 0.168 0.399 0.778 0.111 0.89 -0.045 0.3962 0.513 0.290 0.479 0.637 0.325 0.83 -0.083

2044 0.360 0.610 0.168 0.406 0.790 0.110 0.89 -0.046 0.3946 0.514 0.286 0.478 0.640 0.321 0.83 -0.083

2045 0.366 0.622 0.168 0.412 0.801 0.109 0.89 -0.047 0.3931 0.515 0.283 0.477 0.642 0.317 0.82 -0.084

2046 0.371 0.633 0.168 0.419 0.812 0.108 0.89 -0.047 0.3915 0.517 0.279 0.476 0.645 0.313 0.82 -0.085

2047 0.377 0.644 0.168 0.425 0.821 0.106 0.89 -0.048 0.3899 0.518 0.276 0.475 0.647 0.309 0.82 -0.085

2048 0.383 0.655 0.169 0.431 0.831 0.105 0.89 -0.048 0.3883 0.519 0.272 0.474 0.650 0.305 0.82 -0.086

2049 0.389 0.666 0.169 0.436 0.840 0.103 0.89 -0.048 0.3867 0.520 0.269 0.473 0.652 0.301 0.82 -0.087

2050 0.394 0.677 0.169 0.442 0.848 0.101 0.89 -0.048 0.3851 0.521 0.265 0.472 0.655 0.297 0.82 -0.087

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a Prevalence Ratio (PR): Prevalence among individuals with less than tertiary education/prevalence among those with tertiary education; Prevalence difference (PD):

Prevalence among individuals with less than tertiary education – prevalence among those with tertiary education.

Table 2 Obesity and overweight projections by level of education, females aged 18 a 100

Less than tertiary Tertiary Inequality Less than tertiary Tertiary Inequality a

Year BMI=>30

Upper CI

Lower CI

BMI=>30

Upper CI

Lower CI PR PD

BMI=>25

Upper CI

Lower CI

BMI=>25

Upper CI

Lower CI PR PD

1996 0.134 0.151 0.119 0.023 0.042 0.012 5.96 0.112 0.335 0.352 0.319 0.122 0.138 0.107 2.75 0.213

1997 0.138 0.153 0.124 0.025 0.044 0.014 5.53 0.113 0.335 0.350 0.321 0.128 0.143 0.114 2.62 0.207

1998 0.141 0.155 0.128 0.028 0.046 0.017 5.11 0.114 0.335 0.348 0.322 0.134 0.148 0.121 2.49 0.200

1999 0.145 0.157 0.133 0.031 0.047 0.020 4.74 0.114 0.334 0.346 0.322 0.141 0.154 0.129 2.38 0.194

2000 0.148 0.160 0.137 0.034 0.050 0.023 4.40 0.115 0.334 0.345 0.322 0.147 0.160 0.136 2.26 0.186

2001 0.152 0.164 0.141 0.037 0.052 0.027 4.08 0.115 0.333 0.345 0.322 0.154 0.167 0.143 2.16 0.179

2002 0.156 0.168 0.144 0.041 0.056 0.031 3.78 0.115 0.333 0.345 0.321 0.162 0.174 0.150 2.06 0.171

2003 0.160 0.173 0.147 0.046 0.060 0.034 3.51 0.114 0.332 0.346 0.319 0.169 0.183 0.156 1.96 0.163

2004 0.164 0.179 0.150 0.050 0.066 0.038 3.25 0.113 0.332 0.347 0.317 0.177 0.192 0.162 1.88 0.155

2005 0.168 0.185 0.152 0.055 0.074 0.041 3.03 0.112 0.331 0.348 0.314 0.185 0.203 0.168 1.79 0.146

2006 0.172 0.192 0.153 0.061 0.084 0.044 2.81 0.111 0.331 0.350 0.312 0.193 0.214 0.174 1.71 0.138

2007 0.176 0.199 0.155 0.067 0.096 0.047 2.62 0.109 0.330 0.351 0.309 0.201 0.226 0.179 1.64 0.129

2008 0.180 0.206 0.157 0.074 0.110 0.049 2.44 0.106 0.329 0.353 0.306 0.210 0.238 0.184 1.57 0.119

2009 0.184 0.214 0.158 0.081 0.127 0.051 2.27 0.103 0.329 0.355 0.303 0.219 0.251 0.189 1.50 0.110

2010 0.189 0.222 0.159 0.089 0.147 0.053 2.12 0.100 0.328 0.357 0.300 0.227 0.264 0.194 1.44 0.101

2011 0.193 0.230 0.161 0.098 0.169 0.054 1.98 0.095 0.327 0.359 0.297 0.236 0.278 0.199 1.38 0.091

2012 0.197 0.239 0.162 0.107 0.194 0.056 1.85 0.091 0.326 0.361 0.294 0.245 0.292 0.204 1.33 0.081

2013 0.202 0.247 0.163 0.117 0.222 0.057 1.73 0.085 0.326 0.362 0.291 0.254 0.306 0.209 1.28 0.071

2014 0.206 0.256 0.164 0.127 0.253 0.059 1.63 0.079 0.325 0.364 0.288 0.263 0.320 0.213 1.23 0.062

2015 0.211 0.265 0.165 0.138 0.286 0.060 1.53 0.073 0.324 0.366 0.285 0.272 0.334 0.218 1.19 0.052

2016 0.216 0.275 0.166 0.150 0.321 0.061 1.44 0.066 0.323 0.368 0.282 0.281 0.349 0.222 1.15 0.042

2017 0.220 0.284 0.167 0.162 0.359 0.063 1.36 0.058 0.322 0.370 0.278 0.290 0.363 0.226 1.11 0.033

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2018 0.225 0.294 0.168 0.175 0.398 0.064 1.29 0.050 0.321 0.371 0.275 0.298 0.377 0.229 1.08 0.024

2019 0.230 0.304 0.169 0.188 0.438 0.065 1.22 0.042 0.321 0.373 0.272 0.306 0.391 0.233 1.05 0.014

2020 0.235 0.314 0.170 0.202 0.479 0.065 1.16 0.032 0.320 0.375 0.269 0.314 0.405 0.236 1.02 0.006

2021 0.240 0.324 0.171 0.217 0.519 0.066 1.11 0.023 0.319 0.377 0.266 0.322 0.418 0.238 0.99 -0.003

2022 0.244 0.335 0.172 0.231 0.559 0.067 1.06 0.013 0.318 0.378 0.262 0.329 0.431 0.240 0.97 -0.011

2023 0.249 0.345 0.173 0.246 0.597 0.067 1.01 0.003 0.317 0.380 0.259 0.336 0.444 0.242 0.94 -0.019

2024 0.254 0.356 0.174 0.261 0.634 0.068 0.97 -0.007 0.316 0.382 0.256 0.342 0.456 0.244 0.92 -0.026

2025 0.259 0.366 0.175 0.277 0.668 0.068 0.94 -0.017 0.314 0.384 0.253 0.348 0.468 0.245 0.90 -0.034

2026 0.265 0.377 0.176 0.292 0.701 0.068 0.91 -0.027 0.313 0.385 0.250 0.354 0.479 0.246 0.89 -0.040

2027 0.270 0.388 0.177 0.307 0.731 0.067 0.88 -0.037 0.312 0.387 0.246 0.359 0.490 0.246 0.87 -0.047

2028 0.275 0.399 0.178 0.322 0.758 0.067 0.85 -0.047 0.311 0.388 0.243 0.364 0.500 0.246 0.86 -0.053

2029 0.280 0.410 0.178 0.336 0.783 0.066 0.83 -0.056 0.310 0.390 0.240 0.368 0.510 0.246 0.84 -0.058

2030 0.285 0.422 0.179 0.350 0.806 0.065 0.81 -0.065 0.309 0.392 0.237 0.372 0.519 0.245 0.83 -0.063

2031 0.290 0.433 0.180 0.364 0.826 0.064 0.80 -0.074 0.308 0.393 0.234 0.376 0.529 0.244 0.82 -0.068

2032 0.296 0.444 0.181 0.377 0.844 0.063 0.78 -0.082 0.306 0.395 0.230 0.379 0.537 0.243 0.81 -0.073

2033 0.301 0.455 0.181 0.390 0.861 0.062 0.77 -0.089 0.305 0.396 0.227 0.383 0.546 0.242 0.80 -0.077

2034 0.306 0.467 0.182 0.402 0.875 0.061 0.76 -0.096 0.304 0.398 0.224 0.386 0.554 0.241 0.79 -0.082

2035 0.312 0.478 0.183 0.413 0.888 0.059 0.75 -0.102 0.303 0.399 0.221 0.389 0.562 0.239 0.78 -0.086

2036 0.317 0.489 0.183 0.424 0.899 0.057 0.75 -0.107 0.302 0.401 0.218 0.391 0.570 0.237 0.77 -0.090

2037 0.322 0.501 0.184 0.434 0.910 0.055 0.74 -0.112 0.300 0.402 0.215 0.394 0.578 0.236 0.76 -0.094

2038 0.327 0.512 0.185 0.443 0.918 0.053 0.74 -0.116 0.299 0.404 0.212 0.396 0.586 0.234 0.75 -0.097

2039 0.333 0.523 0.185 0.452 0.926 0.051 0.74 -0.119 0.298 0.405 0.209 0.399 0.593 0.232 0.75 -0.101

2040 0.338 0.534 0.186 0.460 0.933 0.049 0.74 -0.122 0.296 0.406 0.206 0.401 0.600 0.230 0.74 -0.105

2041 0.343 0.545 0.186 0.467 0.940 0.047 0.74 -0.124 0.295 0.408 0.203 0.404 0.608 0.228 0.73 -0.109

2042 0.349 0.556 0.187 0.474 0.945 0.045 0.74 -0.125 0.294 0.409 0.200 0.406 0.615 0.226 0.72 -0.112

2043 0.354 0.567 0.187 0.480 0.950 0.043 0.74 -0.125 0.292 0.411 0.197 0.408 0.622 0.224 0.72 -0.116

2044 0.359 0.577 0.187 0.485 0.955 0.040 0.74 -0.126 0.291 0.412 0.194 0.411 0.629 0.222 0.71 -0.120

2045 0.365 0.588 0.188 0.490 0.959 0.038 0.74 -0.125 0.290 0.413 0.191 0.413 0.636 0.221 0.70 -0.123

2046 0.370 0.598 0.188 0.494 0.962 0.036 0.75 -0.124 0.288 0.415 0.188 0.415 0.643 0.219 0.69 -0.127

2047 0.375 0.609 0.188 0.498 0.965 0.034 0.75 -0.123 0.287 0.416 0.185 0.418 0.650 0.217 0.69 -0.131

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2048 0.381 0.619 0.189 0.502 0.968 0.032 0.76 -0.121 0.286 0.417 0.183 0.420 0.657 0.215 0.68 -0.135

2049 0.386 0.629 0.189 0.505 0.971 0.030 0.76 -0.119 0.284 0.419 0.180 0.423 0.664 0.213 0.67 -0.138

2050 0.391 0.639 0.189 0.507 0.973 0.028 0.77 -0.116 0.283 0.420 0.177 0.425 0.671 0.211 0.67 -0.142 a Prevalence Ratio (PR): Prevalence among individuals with less than tertiary education/prevalence among those with tertiary education; Prevalence difference (PD):

Prevalence among individuals with less than tertiary education – prevalence among those with tertiary education.

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Appendix E7. UK BMI-group and smoking projections by education

Males

Figure 1 BMI projections for males with tertiary education, aged 20-100

Figure 2 BMI projections for males with less than tertiary education, aged 20-100

Females

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Figure 3 BMI projections for females with tertiary education, aged 20 to 100

Figure 4 BMI projections for females with less than tertiary education, aged 20 to 100

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Table 1 Projected overweight and obesity prevalence by education level, males aged 20 to 100

Less than tertiary Tertiary Inequality Less than tertiary Tertiary Inequality

Year BMI 25 -29.9 Lower CI Upper CI BMI 25 -29.9 Lower CI Upper CI PD PR BMI=>30 Lower CI Upper CI BMI=>30 Lower CI Upper CI PD PR

2000 0.453 0.460 0.447 0.457 0.471 0.444 -0.004 0.99 0.219 0.225 0.213 0.172 0.183 0.161 0.047 1.28

2001 0.453 0.459 0.447 0.458 0.470 0.446 -0.006 0.99 0.225 0.231 0.220 0.175 0.185 0.165 0.050 1.29

2002 0.452 0.457 0.447 0.459 0.470 0.449 -0.007 0.98 0.232 0.237 0.227 0.179 0.188 0.170 0.054 1.30

2003 0.451 0.456 0.446 0.460 0.470 0.451 -0.009 0.98 0.239 0.243 0.235 0.182 0.190 0.174 0.057 1.31

2004 0.450 0.454 0.446 0.461 0.469 0.453 -0.011 0.98 0.246 0.250 0.242 0.186 0.193 0.179 0.060 1.32

2005 0.449 0.452 0.445 0.462 0.469 0.454 -0.013 0.97 0.253 0.257 0.249 0.189 0.196 0.183 0.064 1.34

2006 0.447 0.451 0.443 0.463 0.470 0.456 -0.016 0.97 0.260 0.264 0.257 0.193 0.200 0.187 0.067 1.35

2007 0.446 0.450 0.442 0.463 0.471 0.456 -0.018 0.96 0.268 0.271 0.264 0.197 0.203 0.191 0.071 1.36

2008 0.444 0.448 0.440 0.464 0.472 0.456 -0.020 0.96 0.275 0.279 0.271 0.201 0.207 0.194 0.074 1.37

2009 0.442 0.447 0.437 0.465 0.473 0.456 -0.023 0.95 0.283 0.287 0.278 0.205 0.212 0.197 0.078 1.38

2010 0.440 0.446 0.435 0.465 0.475 0.456 -0.025 0.95 0.290 0.296 0.285 0.208 0.217 0.200 0.082 1.39

2011 0.438 0.444 0.432 0.466 0.476 0.455 -0.028 0.94 0.298 0.304 0.292 0.212 0.222 0.203 0.086 1.40

2012 0.436 0.443 0.429 0.466 0.478 0.454 -0.030 0.94 0.306 0.313 0.299 0.216 0.227 0.205 0.090 1.41

2013 0.433 0.441 0.426 0.466 0.480 0.453 -0.033 0.93 0.314 0.322 0.306 0.220 0.233 0.208 0.093 1.42

2014 0.431 0.440 0.422 0.466 0.482 0.451 -0.036 0.92 0.322 0.331 0.313 0.224 0.239 0.210 0.098 1.43

2015 0.428 0.438 0.419 0.467 0.483 0.450 -0.038 0.92 0.330 0.340 0.320 0.229 0.245 0.213 0.102 1.44

2016 0.426 0.436 0.415 0.467 0.485 0.448 -0.041 0.91 0.338 0.349 0.327 0.233 0.250 0.215 0.106 1.45

2017 0.423 0.434 0.411 0.467 0.487 0.447 -0.044 0.91 0.347 0.359 0.335 0.237 0.257 0.217 0.110 1.46

2018 0.420 0.432 0.407 0.467 0.489 0.445 -0.047 0.90 0.355 0.368 0.342 0.241 0.263 0.220 0.114 1.47

2019 0.416 0.430 0.403 0.467 0.490 0.443 -0.050 0.89 0.364 0.378 0.349 0.245 0.269 0.222 0.118 1.48

2020 0.413 0.427 0.399 0.467 0.492 0.441 -0.054 0.89 0.372 0.388 0.357 0.250 0.275 0.224 0.122 1.49

2021 0.410 0.425 0.395 0.467 0.494 0.439 -0.057 0.88 0.381 0.398 0.364 0.254 0.282 0.227 0.127 1.50

2022 0.406 0.422 0.390 0.466 0.495 0.437 -0.060 0.87 0.390 0.408 0.371 0.259 0.288 0.229 0.131 1.51

2023 0.403 0.420 0.386 0.466 0.497 0.435 -0.063 0.86 0.398 0.418 0.379 0.263 0.295 0.231 0.135 1.51

2024 0.399 0.417 0.381 0.466 0.498 0.433 -0.067 0.86 0.407 0.428 0.387 0.268 0.302 0.233 0.140 1.52

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2025 0.395 0.414 0.376 0.465 0.500 0.431 -0.070 0.85 0.416 0.438 0.394 0.272 0.308 0.236 0.144 1.53

2026 0.391 0.411 0.371 0.465 0.501 0.428 -0.074 0.84 0.425 0.448 0.402 0.277 0.315 0.238 0.148 1.54

2027 0.387 0.408 0.366 0.464 0.502 0.426 -0.077 0.83 0.434 0.458 0.410 0.281 0.322 0.240 0.153 1.54

2028 0.383 0.405 0.361 0.463 0.504 0.423 -0.080 0.83 0.443 0.468 0.417 0.286 0.329 0.242 0.157 1.55

2029 0.379 0.401 0.356 0.463 0.505 0.420 -0.084 0.82 0.452 0.479 0.425 0.291 0.336 0.245 0.161 1.55

2030 0.374 0.398 0.351 0.462 0.506 0.418 -0.088 0.81 0.461 0.489 0.433 0.295 0.344 0.247 0.166 1.56

2031 0.370 0.395 0.345 0.461 0.507 0.415 -0.091 0.80 0.470 0.499 0.441 0.300 0.351 0.249 0.170 1.57

2032 0.365 0.391 0.340 0.460 0.508 0.412 -0.095 0.79 0.479 0.509 0.448 0.305 0.358 0.251 0.174 1.57

2033 0.361 0.387 0.334 0.459 0.510 0.409 -0.098 0.79 0.488 0.519 0.456 0.310 0.365 0.254 0.178 1.58

2034 0.356 0.384 0.329 0.458 0.511 0.406 -0.102 0.78 0.497 0.530 0.464 0.314 0.373 0.256 0.182 1.58

2035 0.352 0.380 0.323 0.457 0.512 0.403 -0.106 0.77 0.506 0.540 0.472 0.319 0.380 0.258 0.187 1.58

2036 0.347 0.376 0.318 0.456 0.512 0.400 -0.109 0.76 0.515 0.550 0.480 0.324 0.388 0.260 0.191 1.59

2037 0.342 0.372 0.312 0.455 0.513 0.396 -0.113 0.75 0.524 0.560 0.488 0.329 0.396 0.263 0.195 1.59

2038 0.337 0.368 0.306 0.454 0.514 0.393 -0.116 0.74 0.533 0.570 0.495 0.334 0.403 0.265 0.199 1.59

2039 0.332 0.364 0.300 0.452 0.515 0.389 -0.120 0.73 0.542 0.580 0.503 0.339 0.411 0.267 0.203 1.60

2040 0.327 0.360 0.295 0.451 0.516 0.386 -0.124 0.73 0.550 0.590 0.511 0.344 0.419 0.270 0.206 1.60

2041 0.322 0.356 0.289 0.449 0.517 0.382 -0.127 0.72 0.559 0.600 0.519 0.349 0.426 0.272 0.210 1.60

2042 0.317 0.352 0.283 0.448 0.517 0.378 -0.131 0.71 0.568 0.609 0.527 0.354 0.434 0.274 0.214 1.60

2043 0.312 0.348 0.277 0.446 0.518 0.375 -0.134 0.70 0.577 0.619 0.534 0.359 0.442 0.277 0.218 1.61

2044 0.307 0.343 0.271 0.445 0.519 0.371 -0.137 0.69 0.585 0.629 0.542 0.364 0.450 0.279 0.221 1.61

2045 0.302 0.339 0.266 0.443 0.519 0.367 -0.141 0.68 0.594 0.638 0.550 0.370 0.458 0.281 0.224 1.61

2046 0.297 0.334 0.260 0.441 0.520 0.363 -0.144 0.67 0.602 0.647 0.558 0.375 0.466 0.283 0.228 1.61

2047 0.292 0.330 0.254 0.439 0.520 0.359 -0.147 0.66 0.611 0.657 0.565 0.380 0.474 0.286 0.231 1.61

2048 0.287 0.326 0.248 0.438 0.521 0.355 -0.151 0.66 0.619 0.666 0.573 0.385 0.482 0.288 0.234 1.61

2049 0.282 0.321 0.243 0.436 0.521 0.351 -0.154 0.65 0.628 0.675 0.580 0.390 0.490 0.291 0.237 1.61

2050 0.277 0.317 0.237 0.434 0.521 0.346 -0.157 0.64 0.636 0.683 0.588 0.395 0.498 0.293 0.240 1.61

Table 2 Projected overweight and obesity prevalence by education level, females aged 20 to 100

Less than tertiary Tertiary Inequality Less than tertiary Tertiary Inequality

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Year BMI 25 -29.9 Lower CI Upper CI BMI 25 -29.9 Lower CI Upper CI PD PR BMI=>30 Lower CI Upper CI BMI=>30 Lower CI Upper CI PD PR

2000 0.341 0.347 0.335 0.276 0.289 0.263 0.065 1.23 0.239 0.244 0.233 0.136 0.147 0.126 0.102 1.75

2001 0.341 0.347 0.336 0.280 0.292 0.269 0.061 1.22 0.244 0.249 0.239 0.141 0.150 0.131 0.103 1.73

2002 0.342 0.347 0.337 0.284 0.295 0.274 0.058 1.20 0.249 0.253 0.245 0.145 0.154 0.136 0.104 1.71

2003 0.342 0.346 0.338 0.288 0.297 0.279 0.054 1.19 0.254 0.258 0.250 0.150 0.158 0.142 0.104 1.70

2004 0.343 0.346 0.339 0.292 0.300 0.284 0.051 1.17 0.259 0.263 0.256 0.154 0.162 0.147 0.105 1.68

2005 0.343 0.346 0.340 0.296 0.303 0.288 0.047 1.16 0.265 0.268 0.262 0.159 0.166 0.152 0.106 1.66

2006 0.343 0.347 0.340 0.300 0.307 0.293 0.044 1.15 0.270 0.273 0.267 0.164 0.170 0.158 0.106 1.65

2007 0.344 0.347 0.340 0.303 0.310 0.297 0.040 1.13 0.276 0.279 0.272 0.169 0.175 0.163 0.107 1.63

2008 0.344 0.347 0.340 0.307 0.314 0.300 0.037 1.12 0.281 0.285 0.277 0.174 0.180 0.168 0.107 1.62

2009 0.344 0.348 0.339 0.311 0.319 0.303 0.033 1.11 0.287 0.291 0.283 0.179 0.186 0.172 0.108 1.60

2010 0.344 0.349 0.339 0.314 0.323 0.306 0.029 1.09 0.292 0.297 0.288 0.184 0.192 0.176 0.108 1.59

2011 0.344 0.349 0.338 0.318 0.328 0.308 0.026 1.08 0.298 0.303 0.293 0.189 0.198 0.180 0.109 1.57

2012 0.344 0.350 0.337 0.321 0.333 0.310 0.022 1.07 0.304 0.310 0.297 0.195 0.205 0.184 0.109 1.56

2013 0.343 0.350 0.336 0.325 0.338 0.312 0.019 1.06 0.309 0.316 0.302 0.200 0.212 0.188 0.109 1.55

2014 0.343 0.351 0.335 0.328 0.342 0.313 0.015 1.05 0.315 0.323 0.307 0.206 0.219 0.192 0.110 1.53

2015 0.343 0.351 0.334 0.331 0.347 0.315 0.012 1.04 0.321 0.330 0.312 0.211 0.227 0.195 0.110 1.52

2016 0.342 0.352 0.333 0.334 0.352 0.316 0.008 1.02 0.327 0.337 0.317 0.217 0.234 0.199 0.110 1.51

2017 0.342 0.352 0.332 0.337 0.357 0.317 0.005 1.01 0.333 0.344 0.322 0.222 0.242 0.203 0.111 1.50

2018 0.341 0.352 0.330 0.340 0.362 0.318 0.001 1.00 0.339 0.351 0.327 0.228 0.250 0.206 0.111 1.49

2019 0.341 0.352 0.329 0.343 0.367 0.319 -0.002 0.99 0.345 0.358 0.332 0.234 0.258 0.210 0.111 1.47

2020 0.340 0.353 0.327 0.346 0.371 0.320 -0.006 0.98 0.351 0.365 0.337 0.240 0.266 0.214 0.111 1.46

2021 0.339 0.353 0.326 0.348 0.376 0.321 -0.009 0.97 0.357 0.372 0.343 0.246 0.275 0.217 0.111 1.45

2022 0.338 0.353 0.324 0.351 0.381 0.321 -0.013 0.96 0.363 0.379 0.348 0.252 0.283 0.221 0.111 1.44

2023 0.338 0.353 0.322 0.353 0.385 0.321 -0.016 0.96 0.369 0.386 0.353 0.258 0.292 0.224 0.111 1.43

2024 0.337 0.353 0.321 0.356 0.390 0.322 -0.019 0.95 0.376 0.393 0.358 0.264 0.301 0.228 0.111 1.42

2025 0.336 0.352 0.319 0.358 0.394 0.322 -0.022 0.94 0.382 0.401 0.363 0.271 0.310 0.231 0.111 1.41

2026 0.335 0.352 0.317 0.360 0.398 0.322 -0.025 0.93 0.388 0.408 0.368 0.277 0.319 0.235 0.111 1.40

2027 0.333 0.352 0.315 0.362 0.403 0.321 -0.029 0.92 0.394 0.415 0.373 0.283 0.328 0.238 0.111 1.39

2028 0.332 0.352 0.313 0.364 0.407 0.321 -0.032 0.91 0.401 0.423 0.379 0.290 0.337 0.242 0.111 1.38

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2029 0.331 0.351 0.311 0.366 0.411 0.320 -0.035 0.91 0.407 0.430 0.384 0.296 0.346 0.245 0.111 1.37

2030 0.330 0.351 0.309 0.367 0.415 0.320 -0.038 0.90 0.413 0.437 0.389 0.302 0.356 0.249 0.111 1.37

2031 0.328 0.350 0.306 0.369 0.419 0.319 -0.040 0.89 0.420 0.445 0.394 0.309 0.365 0.252 0.111 1.36

2032 0.327 0.350 0.304 0.370 0.423 0.318 -0.043 0.88 0.426 0.452 0.399 0.315 0.375 0.256 0.111 1.35

2033 0.325 0.349 0.302 0.371 0.427 0.316 -0.046 0.88 0.432 0.460 0.405 0.322 0.384 0.259 0.110 1.34

2034 0.324 0.348 0.299 0.373 0.430 0.315 -0.049 0.87 0.439 0.467 0.410 0.328 0.394 0.263 0.110 1.34

2035 0.322 0.348 0.297 0.374 0.434 0.314 -0.051 0.86 0.445 0.475 0.415 0.335 0.404 0.266 0.110 1.33

2036 0.321 0.347 0.294 0.375 0.437 0.312 -0.054 0.86 0.451 0.482 0.420 0.342 0.414 0.270 0.110 1.32

2037 0.319 0.346 0.292 0.375 0.441 0.310 -0.057 0.85 0.458 0.490 0.426 0.348 0.424 0.273 0.110 1.31

2038 0.317 0.345 0.289 0.376 0.444 0.308 -0.059 0.84 0.464 0.497 0.431 0.355 0.434 0.276 0.109 1.31

2039 0.315 0.344 0.286 0.377 0.447 0.306 -0.061 0.84 0.470 0.505 0.436 0.362 0.443 0.280 0.109 1.30

2040 0.313 0.343 0.284 0.377 0.450 0.304 -0.064 0.83 0.477 0.512 0.442 0.368 0.453 0.283 0.109 1.29

2041 0.311 0.342 0.281 0.377 0.453 0.301 -0.066 0.83 0.483 0.520 0.447 0.375 0.463 0.286 0.108 1.29

2042 0.310 0.341 0.278 0.378 0.456 0.299 -0.068 0.82 0.490 0.527 0.452 0.382 0.473 0.290 0.108 1.28

2043 0.308 0.340 0.275 0.378 0.459 0.296 -0.070 0.81 0.496 0.534 0.457 0.388 0.483 0.293 0.108 1.28

2044 0.305 0.339 0.272 0.378 0.462 0.293 -0.072 0.81 0.502 0.542 0.463 0.395 0.493 0.296 0.107 1.27

2045 0.303 0.337 0.269 0.378 0.465 0.290 -0.074 0.80 0.509 0.549 0.468 0.401 0.503 0.300 0.107 1.27

2046 0.301 0.336 0.267 0.377 0.467 0.287 -0.076 0.80 0.515 0.556 0.473 0.408 0.513 0.303 0.107 1.26

2047 0.299 0.335 0.264 0.377 0.470 0.284 -0.078 0.79 0.521 0.564 0.479 0.415 0.523 0.306 0.106 1.26

2048 0.297 0.333 0.261 0.377 0.472 0.281 -0.080 0.79 0.527 0.571 0.484 0.421 0.533 0.309 0.106 1.25

2049 0.295 0.332 0.257 0.376 0.475 0.277 -0.081 0.78 0.534 0.578 0.489 0.428 0.543 0.312 0.106 1.25

2050 0.292 0.330 0.254 0.375 0.477 0.274 -0.083 0.78 0.540 0.585 0.494 0.435 0.553 0.316 0.105 1.24

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Inequalities in smoking prevalence

Figure 5 Smoking projections for males with tertiary education, 20 to 100 years old

Figure 6 Smoking projections for males with less than tertiary education, 20 to 100 years old

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Figure 7 Smoking projections for females tertiary education, 20 to 100 years old

Figure 8 Smoking projections for females with less than tertiary education, 20 to 100 years old

Table 3 Smoking projections by education level and inequalities, males

Less than tertiary Tertiary Inequalities

Year Smoking Lower CI Upper CI Smoking Lower CI Upper CI PR PD

2000 0.338 0.333 0.344 0.174 0.165 0.183 1.94 0.164

2001 0.331 0.327 0.336 0.167 0.159 0.175 1.98 0.164

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2002 0.325 0.321 0.329 0.160 0.154 0.166 2.03 0.165

2003 0.318 0.314 0.321 0.153 0.148 0.159 2.07 0.165

2004 0.311 0.308 0.314 0.147 0.142 0.151 2.12 0.164

2005 0.304 0.301 0.307 0.140 0.136 0.145 2.17 0.164

2006 0.298 0.295 0.301 0.134 0.130 0.138 2.22 0.163

2007 0.291 0.288 0.294 0.128 0.124 0.133 2.27 0.163

2008 0.285 0.281 0.288 0.123 0.118 0.127 2.32 0.162

2009 0.278 0.274 0.282 0.117 0.112 0.122 2.37 0.161

2010 0.272 0.268 0.277 0.112 0.107 0.118 2.43 0.160

2011 0.266 0.261 0.271 0.107 0.101 0.113 2.48 0.159

2012 0.260 0.254 0.266 0.102 0.096 0.109 2.54 0.158

2013 0.254 0.248 0.260 0.098 0.091 0.105 2.60 0.156

2014 0.248 0.241 0.255 0.093 0.086 0.101 2.66 0.155

2015 0.242 0.235 0.249 0.089 0.081 0.097 2.72 0.153

2016 0.237 0.229 0.244 0.085 0.077 0.093 2.79 0.152

2017 0.231 0.223 0.239 0.081 0.073 0.090 2.85 0.150

2018 0.225 0.217 0.234 0.077 0.068 0.086 2.92 0.148

2019 0.220 0.211 0.229 0.074 0.065 0.083 2.99 0.146

2020 0.215 0.205 0.224 0.070 0.061 0.080 3.05 0.144

2021 0.209 0.199 0.220 0.067 0.058 0.076 3.13 0.142

2022 0.204 0.194 0.215 0.064 0.054 0.073 3.20 0.141

2023 0.199 0.188 0.210 0.061 0.051 0.071 3.28 0.139

2024 0.194 0.183 0.206 0.058 0.048 0.068 3.35 0.136

2025 0.189 0.178 0.201 0.055 0.045 0.065 3.43 0.134

2026 0.185 0.173 0.197 0.053 0.043 0.063 3.51 0.132

2027 0.180 0.168 0.192 0.050 0.040 0.060 3.59 0.130

2028 0.175 0.163 0.188 0.048 0.038 0.058 3.68 0.128

2029 0.171 0.158 0.184 0.045 0.036 0.055 3.76 0.126

2030 0.167 0.154 0.180 0.043 0.034 0.053 3.85 0.123

2031 0.162 0.149 0.176 0.041 0.032 0.051 3.94 0.121

2032 0.158 0.145 0.172 0.039 0.030 0.049 4.03 0.119

2033 0.154 0.140 0.168 0.037 0.028 0.047 4.13 0.117

2034 0.150 0.136 0.164 0.036 0.026 0.045 4.22 0.114

2035 0.146 0.132 0.160 0.034 0.025 0.043 4.32 0.112

2036 0.142 0.128 0.156 0.032 0.023 0.041 4.41 0.110

2037 0.138 0.124 0.153 0.031 0.022 0.040 4.52 0.108

2038 0.135 0.120 0.149 0.029 0.020 0.038 4.63 0.106

2039 0.131 0.117 0.146 0.028 0.019 0.036 4.73 0.103

2040 0.128 0.113 0.142 0.026 0.018 0.035 4.85 0.101

2041 0.124 0.109 0.139 0.025 0.017 0.033 4.94 0.099

2042 0.121 0.106 0.135 0.024 0.016 0.032 5.07 0.097

2043 0.117 0.103 0.132 0.023 0.015 0.031 5.17 0.095

2044 0.114 0.099 0.129 0.022 0.014 0.029 5.29 0.093

2045 0.111 0.096 0.126 0.021 0.013 0.028 5.41 0.091

2046 0.108 0.093 0.123 0.020 0.012 0.027 5.54 0.089

2047 0.105 0.090 0.120 0.019 0.011 0.026 5.68 0.087

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2048 0.102 0.087 0.117 0.018 0.011 0.025 5.80 0.085

2049 0.099 0.085 0.114 0.017 0.010 0.024 5.91 0.083

2050 0.097 0.082 0.111 0.016 0.009 0.023 6.07 0.081

Table 4 Smoking projections by education level, females

Less than tertiary Tertiary Inequalities

Year Smoking Lower CI Upper CI Smoking Lower CI Upper CI PR PD

2000 0.300 0.295 0.304 0.158 0.149 0.167 1.90 0.142

2001 0.295 0.291 0.299 0.151 0.144 0.159 1.95 0.143

2002 0.290 0.286 0.293 0.145 0.139 0.152 2.00 0.145

2003 0.285 0.282 0.288 0.139 0.134 0.145 2.05 0.146

2004 0.280 0.277 0.283 0.133 0.129 0.138 2.10 0.147

2005 0.275 0.273 0.278 0.128 0.124 0.132 2.16 0.148

2006 0.270 0.268 0.273 0.122 0.118 0.126 2.21 0.148

2007 0.266 0.263 0.268 0.117 0.113 0.121 2.27 0.149

2008 0.261 0.258 0.264 0.112 0.108 0.116 2.33 0.149

2009 0.257 0.253 0.260 0.107 0.103 0.111 2.40 0.150

2010 0.252 0.248 0.256 0.102 0.098 0.107 2.46 0.150

2011 0.247 0.243 0.252 0.098 0.093 0.103 2.53 0.150

2012 0.243 0.238 0.248 0.094 0.088 0.099 2.60 0.150

2013 0.239 0.233 0.244 0.089 0.083 0.096 2.67 0.149

2014 0.234 0.228 0.240 0.085 0.079 0.092 2.74 0.149

2015 0.230 0.224 0.237 0.082 0.075 0.089 2.82 0.148

2016 0.226 0.219 0.233 0.078 0.071 0.085 2.90 0.148

2017 0.222 0.214 0.229 0.074 0.067 0.082 2.98 0.147

2018 0.218 0.210 0.226 0.071 0.063 0.079 3.06 0.147

2019 0.214 0.205 0.222 0.068 0.060 0.076 3.14 0.146

2020 0.210 0.201 0.218 0.065 0.056 0.073 3.23 0.145

2021 0.206 0.196 0.215 0.062 0.053 0.071 3.33 0.144

2022 0.202 0.192 0.211 0.059 0.050 0.068 3.42 0.143

2023 0.198 0.188 0.208 0.056 0.047 0.065 3.52 0.142

2024 0.194 0.184 0.205 0.054 0.045 0.063 3.61 0.140

2025 0.190 0.180 0.201 0.051 0.042 0.060 3.72 0.139

2026 0.187 0.175 0.198 0.049 0.040 0.058 3.82 0.138

2027 0.183 0.172 0.195 0.047 0.037 0.056 3.93 0.137

2028 0.180 0.168 0.192 0.044 0.035 0.054 4.05 0.135

2029 0.176 0.164 0.188 0.042 0.033 0.052 4.15 0.134

2030 0.173 0.160 0.185 0.040 0.031 0.050 4.27 0.132

2031 0.169 0.156 0.182 0.039 0.030 0.048 4.39 0.131

2032 0.166 0.153 0.179 0.037 0.028 0.046 4.52 0.129

2033 0.163 0.149 0.176 0.035 0.026 0.044 4.65 0.128

2034 0.159 0.146 0.173 0.033 0.025 0.042 4.79 0.126

2035 0.156 0.142 0.170 0.032 0.023 0.041 4.91 0.124

2036 0.153 0.139 0.167 0.030 0.022 0.039 5.05 0.123

2037 0.150 0.136 0.164 0.029 0.020 0.037 5.21 0.121

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2038 0.147 0.132 0.162 0.028 0.019 0.036 5.34 0.119

2039 0.144 0.129 0.159 0.026 0.018 0.034 5.50 0.118

2040 0.141 0.126 0.156 0.025 0.017 0.033 5.66 0.116

2041 0.138 0.123 0.153 0.024 0.016 0.032 5.81 0.114

2042 0.135 0.120 0.151 0.023 0.015 0.030 5.99 0.113

2043 0.133 0.117 0.148 0.022 0.014 0.029 6.14 0.111

2044 0.130 0.114 0.145 0.021 0.013 0.028 6.33 0.109

2045 0.127 0.112 0.143 0.020 0.012 0.027 6.52 0.108

2046 0.125 0.109 0.140 0.019 0.012 0.026 6.69 0.106

2047 0.122 0.106 0.138 0.018 0.011 0.025 6.89 0.104

2048 0.119 0.104 0.135 0.017 0.010 0.024 7.07 0.103

2049 0.117 0.101 0.133 0.016 0.010 0.023 7.26 0.101

2050 0.115 0.098 0.131 0.015 0.009 0.022 7.48 0.099

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Appendix E8. PersonEditor Smoking examples

Introduction: The smoking microsimulation results show that for the SCS intervention, i) in most countries

hypertension prevalence cases avoided is negative and ii) and in some countries, CHD prevalence

gain/avoided is not significant.

Deterministic method A deterministic method was used to understand the mentioned phenomena. The model can run a person

editor using a deterministic method to calculate an individual’s risk of getting a disease based on their

age, sex, current disease state, medical history and risk factor level (Appendix B4). For stochastic

transitions (microsimulation) this probability is compared to an application-generated random number

to determine if the transition takes place. In the deterministic method this probability is included in the

relevant life-disease table that both computes and lists the probabilities of being alive with no disease,

within possible exclusive disease states and dead.

Input of the deterministic method: A smoker (man aged 20 years old) was compared to a non-smoker (man aged 20 years old) to investigate

the SCS intervention.

Outputs of the deterministic method: The probability of getting the smoking related diseases versus age has been processed for all countries.

Two countries have been chosen to represent the 8 countries of interest: Netherlands and Bulgaria.

Results Figure 1 and Figure 2 are examples of the types of results obtained for Bulgaria where hypertension

prevalence cases avoided are negative and for the Netherlands where CHD prevalence avoided is not

significant.

These figures show that the intervention prevents an individual from dying from a disease (for example

CHD) and as a result live longer, retaining the probability of developing another disease such as

hypertension.

Conclusion It is important to model a batch of disease together to have a full picture of the effect of the SCS

intervention.

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Figure 1 : Probability of getting the 5 smoking related diseases versus age in Bulgaria.

Figure 2 : Probability of getting the 5 smoking related diseases versus age in the Netherlands

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Appendix E9. Population Distribution 60+

If we assume an initial population of 100,000,000 in the microsimulation, the population older than 60

years old is growing from ~ 25,000,000 to ~29,000,000 in Finland (Figure 1), from ~ 21,000,000 to ~

25,000,000 in Lithuania (Figure 2), from~ 22,000,000 to ~30,000,000 in the Netherlands (Figure 3) and

from ~ 23,000,000 to ~ 30,000,000 in the UK (Figure 4), which is in line with data from the World Bank

(Figure 5).

Figure 1: Population older than 60 years over time for Finland

Figure 2: Population older than 60 years old over time in Lithuania

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Figure 3: Population older than 60 years old over time in the Netherlands

Figure 4: Population older than 60 years old over time in the UK

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Figure 5: Shift in young and elderly population in the European Union - 1997-2010