Development and Field Testing of a Dynamically Spiked Controlled Condensation Train Presented at...

Development and Field Testing of aDynamically Spiked Controlled

Condensation TrainPresented at SSSAAP

Stationary Source Sampling and Analysis for Air Pollutants ConferencePanama City, FLMarch 11th, 2010 Presented by

Daniel RoeslerPrincipal Investigator and Project Engineer

Clean Air Engineering, Inc.

Development and Field Testing of a Dynamically Spiked Controlled Condensation Train

Copyright 2010 Clean Air Engineering, Inc. SSSAAP 2010

Why Spike?

• SO3/H2SO4 difficult to measure

• SO3/H2SO4 validation sources don’t exist

• Measurement Techniques– Based on theory– Have not been validated– May contain biases for

common situations

SO3H2SO4 (vapor) H2SO4 (mist)

Dale A. Lundgren, Paul Urone and Thomas Gundersn, "A Stack Gas Sulfate Aerosol Measurement Problem", In Workshop Proceedings on Primary Sulfate Emissions from Combustion Sources, Volume 1, EPA-600/9-78-02tia, (August 1978), pp. 161-178



Measurement Techniques

Manual Methods, Including Controlled Condensation

(Method 8 and Various CCMs)

Continuous Methods, Still Under Development

(QCL/TDL, FTIR, etc.)



Dynamic Spiking Concept

• Dual controlled condensation sampling trains:– One Spiked– One Unspiked

• Generate SO3 on demand using platinum catalyst

• Inject a known amount of SO3 into spiked train probe tip

• Compare spiked train recovery to unspiked train recovery• Determine method bias based on spike recovery



Dynamic Spiking Run

000,000,1.24

TR

tQPCxMWm spikespikespikeconvSOspike

• Constant rate of spike (20% of sample rate)• Batch collection of spike in condenser• Spike measured in mg sulfate



SO3 Generation

• SO3 generation via platinum catalyst• Catalyst contained inside probe• SO3 generated just prior to injection



SO3 Generation Testing



SO3 Generation Conditions



Spiking Probe



Catalyst Tube



Picture – Spiking Probe (new)



Picture – Spiking Probe (used)



Spiking System Setup



Picture – Location Setup

PMPMOvenOven

Dual SODual SO33

CondenserCondenserBreakthroughBreakthrough

FiltersFilters

Probe inProbe inDuctDuct



Picture – Inside OvenSOSO22

PreheaterPreheater

ParticulateParticulateFiltersFilters

Probe HeaterProbe HeaterPower CordsPower Cords

Spiked SideSpiked SideSheathSheathUnspiked SideUnspiked Side

SheathSheath

SOSO22 Feed Feed

to Catalystto Catalyst

VariousVariousProbeProbe

Thermo-Thermo-couplescouples



Conversion Efficiency Check



1st Prototype Results



SO3 Ramping



SO3 Ramping (Continued)



Pre-Ramping SO3 Generation



Spike Recovery



FTIR Detection of SO3

• SO3/H2SO4 reacted with FTIR windows, creating buildup of interference that overshadowed SO2 and SO3 peaks

• Only relative accuracy and stability measurements

• Lacked reference spectra for low concentrations of SO3



Alternative Catalyst



Conclusion

Yes!We can reliably generate a known amount

of SO3 spike within a ±20% range.

Yes!We can capture that SO3 spike using

controlled condensation in a field setting.



What’s Next

• Make dynamic spiking available for SO3/H2SO4 testing (patent pending)

• Further develop alternative catalyst– Shrink the ±20% recovery range to ±5%– Remove the need for seasoning and pre-ramping

• Create low level SO3 reference spectra for FTIR

• Validate other SO3/H2SO4 measurement techniques using SO3 generation and spiking system, such as new ASTM SO3/H2SO4 method



Questions?Special Thanks

This presentation will be available online athttp://www.cleanair.com/SO3

Development and Field Testing of a Dynamically Spiked Controlled Condensation Train Presented at...

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