Development and Expansion of Presidential Power What characteristics define each era of...
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Transcript of Development and Expansion of Presidential Power What characteristics define each era of...
Development and Expansion of Presidential PowerWhat characteristics define each era of
development/expansion?What are inherent powers?
How did these changes lead to an expansion of authority?
Limits to Authority
• JFK: “greater limitations upon our ability to bring about a favorable result than I had imagined.”
• Formal powers enumerated in Article II and USSC interpretations
• Power wielded based on events of the time, advice, and leadership– Crises usually trigger expansion of power
1789-1809
• Washington: major expansion of government and establishment of federal supremacy– Whiskey Rebellion 1794– Cabinet system – inherent powers (powers exist because of the
position—i.e., diplomatic relations)
• Adams: political party divisions (F v AF)• Jefferson: expansion of power in legislative
process– Louisiana Purchase 1803
1810-1933
• Balance of power heavy in Congress—president seen as a distant figure
• Jackson (1828) first president not Virginian or an Adams– launches Jacksonian democracy, the “era of
the common man” that embodied western, frontier, egalitarian views
– Image and personal power to develop party loyalties, end “nullification crisis” in SC
• Lincoln (1860)—assumes emergency powers never before used in order for union to survive– Suspended writ of habeus corpus, which
would allow jailing of those against Union (2:28)
– Expanded US Army above Congress’ ceiling– Orders blockade of southern ports, creating a
war without Congressional approval– Claimed he could circumvent Constitution in
time of war/national crisis: “faithful execution of the law”
1933: Growth of Modern Presidency
• Presidential decision-making become increasingly important (less time-consuming than Congress)
• FDR presidency starts with creation of New Deal legislation– Significantly expands role of federal government in
daily life of the people– Creation of new federal agencies/expand role of
bureaucracy– Use of technology a daily part of executive’s role